《电气工程专业英语》试卷一、根据英文单词，写出中文意义（20X0.5=10,共10分）
alternator 交流发电机
automation 自动控制，自动操作
bandwidth 带宽，频带宽度
built-in 内置的，固定的，嵌入的
capacitance 容量，电容
charge 负荷，电荷，费用，充电
coil 线圈
converter 转换器，变换器
diode 二极管
impedance 阻抗，全电阻
insulator 绝缘体
semiconductor 半导体
sensor 传感器
suppression 抑制
switch 开关，电闸
threshold 临界值
vacuum 真空，空间
vector 向量，矢量
waveform 波形
ammeter 电表
二、根据中文意义，写出英文单词（20X0.5=10,共10分）
n.近似值,接近,走近Approximation
n.能力，性能，容量Capability
v.补偿,偿还Compensate
n.损耗Depletion
adj.微分的Differential
n.打扰,干扰Disturbance
n.以太网Ethernet
n.频率, 周率Frequency
adj.不相容的, 矛盾的
n.隔绝, 绝缘
adj.瞬间的, 刹那间的Momentary
n.极性Polarity
n.转发器,中继器Repeater
n.排斥Repusion
n.阻力，电阻，阻抗Resistance
vt.模拟,模仿Simulate
n.晶体管Transistor
n.
传感器，发送器，传递器
n.阀
n.波长
三、根据英文词组，写出中文意义（30X0.5=15,共15分）
between…and在……之间
on the other hand 另一方面
take advantage of 利用
negative charge 负电荷
electric field 电场
free electron 自由电子
current flow 电流
sine wave 正弦波
Root-Mean-Square 均方根（值）
series circuit 串联电路
voltage drop 电压降
parallel circuit 并联电路
compound circuit s复合电路
parallel branch 并联分支
decimal system 十进制系统
programmable controller 可编程控制器
truth table 真值表
carbon brus 碳刷
permanent magnet 永久磁铁
armature field 电枢场
magnetic lines 磁力线
.
proportional system 比例系统 sampling period 采样周期 analog signal 模拟信号 baud rate 波特 discrete input 开关量输入 limit switch 限位开关 proximity switch 接近开关 industrial bus 工业总线 voltage difference
电压差
四、根据英文缩写，写出英文完整形式及中文意思（10X2=20,共20分）
PLC PPI CNC EIA RF FCC
CMOS VLSI CEMF
五、根据下列方框中所给的词填空（5X1=5,共5分）
Resistance in a material arises from the collision of electrons with the atoms and with each other as they move. The ___ 1、 collisions ___ produce heat, increasing the temperature of the material. Consider the ordinary toaster. Current flows through the ___2、wires ___ of the power cord and through the toaster's filament (the glowing wire you see inside). The same current must flow in the power cord as flows through the filament. The cord has very little ___ 3、resistance ___, while the filament has considerably more. Since the filament has a much higher resistance than the cord, it ___ 4、produces ___ much more heat. That's as it should be. You want the heat for your toast, but you do not want the power cord getting ___ 5、hot ___! The standard incandescent light bulb is another example. The filament in
the light bulb glows white hot (hence, the word "incandescent") to produce light and a lot of heat as well. But, the low-resistance power cord stays cool.
六、根据下列短文回答问题,回答请使用英文。（10X1=10,共10分）
Electric Potential
Electric potential is what drives current. You may know electric potential by another term that we will use ...voltage. This name comes from the unit of potential, which is the volt (denoted V). When you buy an AA battery, you are buying a device that provides a potential of 1.5 V between its positive and negative terminals. Your car battery maintains about 12 V between its terminals. And the potential between the two slots in a household electrical outlet is about 120 V . You are probably already familiar with a basic truth about electric potential. All other things being equal, a greater potential will create a greater current. But what is electric potential?
Water can provide a good analogy (although far from perfect!) for both current and potential. Consider a pipe that comes out of the bottom of a large tank of water. You open the spigot and water flows. The flow rate of the water is analogous to current. Common sense tells you that the higher the water level in the tank, the higher the flow rate in the pipe. The height of the water level is analagous to electric potential. A greater potential will cause a greater current.
Where this analogy fails is with the battery. The tank stores water and as the height slowly decreases, so does the water flow. A battery does not store charge! It is always electrically neutral and for whatever amount of charge leaves one terminal, an equal amount must come into the other. A battery is more analogous to the water pump. A battery, therefore, is an electron pump! It has the ability to push electrons directly proportional to its voltage rating. And, it does this through a chemical reaction. The battery becomes "discharged," (an unfortunately misleading term), when the chemicals in the battery are used up. Most batteries maintain a fixed potential until near the end of their life. The 120 V potential of a household outlet is produced in a very different way.
1. What is electric potential? What is another term people will use for it? Electric potential is what dives current. The term people will use is voltage.
2. What is the potential between the two slots in a household electrical outlet? The potential between the two slots in a household electrical outlet is a bout 120V .
3. What is the relationship between the potential and the current when all other things are equal? The greater the potential the greater the current.
4. What can be a good analogy (although far from perfect!) for both current and potential?
.
Water.
5. What is analogous to current?
The flowrate of the water is analogous to current.
6. What is analagous to electric potential?
The height of the waterlevel is analogous to electric potential.
7. What is more analogous to the water pump?
A battery is more analogous to the water pump.
8. What is a battery?
A battery is an electron pump.
9. What can a battery do? And how?
It can push electrons directly proportional to its voltage rating .And, it does this
thiough a chemical reaction.
10. What do most batteries maintain until near the end of their life?
Most batteries maintain a fixed potential until near the end of their life.
七、根据下列短文填空（10X1=10,共10分）
Forces between two electrically-charged objects can be extremely large. Most things are electrically neutral; they have equal amounts of positive and negative charge. If this wasn’t the case, the world we live in would be a much stranger place. We also have a lot of control over how things get charged. This is because we can choose the appropriate material to use in a given situation.
Metals are good conductors of electric charge, while plastics, wood, and rubbers are not. They are called insulators. Charge does not flow nearly as easily through insulators as it does through conductors, which is why wires you plug into a wall socket are covered with a protective rubber coating. Charge flows along the wire, but not through the coating to you.
Materials are divided into three categories, depending on how easily they will allow charge (i.e., electrons) to flow along them. These are:
?conductors - metals, for example
?semi-conductors - silicon is a good example
?insulators - rubber, wood, plastic for example
Most materials are either conductors or insulators. The difference between them is that in conductors, the outermost electrons in the atoms are so loosely bound to their atoms that they are free to travel around. In insulators, on the other hand, the electrons are much more tightly bound to the atoms, and are not free to flow. Semi-conductors are a very useful intermediate class, not as conductive as metals but considerably more conductive than insulators. By adding certain impurities to semi-conductors in the appropriate concentrations the conductivity can be well-controlled.
1. ____Metals ____ are good conductors of electric charge, while plastics, wood, and _rubbers _are not.
2. Materials are divided into three categories. They are ________, _______ and _________.
3. Plastics, wood, and rubbers are used as examples of ________.
4. ____ What Catholic saint____ is a good example of semi-conductors.
5. Semi-conductors are a very useful _____intermediate _________ class, not as __ conductive ________ as metals but considerably ____ more _______ conductive than insulators.
八、把下列句子翻译为中文（5X2=10,共10分）
1)Ohm's Law deals with the relationship between voltage and current in an ideal conductor.
欧姆定律涉及理想导体中的电压与电流关系。
2) Semiconductors are any of various solid crystalline substances, such as germanium or silicon, having electrical conductivity greater than insulators but less than good conductors.
半导体是一种固态结晶物质，如锗或硅，其导电性强于绝缘体但弱于良导体。
3) A sensor is a device, such as a photoelectric cell, that receives and responds to a signal or stimulus.
传感器是接收并响应信号或刺激的器件，例如光电池。
4) Resistors can be connected in series; that is, the current flows through them one after another.
电阻可以串接，即电流一一流过它们。
5) In the early part of the 19th century, George Simon Ohm proved by experiment that a precise relationship exists between current, voltage, and resistance.
在十九世纪早期，乔治.西蒙.欧姆通过实验证明电流、电压和电阻之间存在着确切的关系。
九、把下列句子翻译为英文（5X2=10,共10分）
1) 墙上有一个开电灯的开关。
.
There is a switch on the wall for turning on the lights.
2) 定子是固定的电子部件。
The stator is in the stationary electrical component.
3) 串联电路的所有负荷都在一排。
A series circuit is one with all the loads in a row.
4) 电荷的单位是库仑。
The unit of electric charge is the coulomb.
5) 你那辆汽车的蓄电池容易充电吗?
Your car battery is easy to recharge your batteries?
湖北科技职业学院10级汽车英语期末考试———————————————————————————————————— 一、单词互译(每空1 分，共20 分) Section A Directions: This section is to test how many words you know.Please translate english into chinese.(1*10) 1.Vehicle body 2.brake system 3.steering system 4.dash board 5.camshaft 6.Automatic Transmission 7.inlet valve 8.timing belt 9.cylinder 10.electronic controller Section B Directions: This section is to test how many words you know.Please translate chinese into english .(1*10) 1. 底盘2后悬架 3．转向盘 4 发动机 5 分电器6油底壳 7 活塞8 轴承 9手动变速器10冷却系统 二、阅读与理解（20题，每题2分，共40分） Part 1 The engine is the source of power that makes the wheels go around and the car move. The automobile engine is an internal combustion engine because the fuel (gasoline) is burned inside it. The burning of gasoline inside the engine produces high pressure in the engine combustion chamber .This high pressure forces piston to move, the movement is carried by connecting rods to the engine crankshaft. The crankshaft is thus made to rotate: the rotary motion is carried through the power train to the car wheels so that they rotate and the car moves. What do we see from the first paragraphs? ( ) The engine is source of power for a car. The engine can not make wheels go around. The engine is resource of oil. Which one Statement is true according the above first paragraph? ( ) The automobile engine is an international combustion engine. The automobile engine is an external combustion engine. The automobile engine is an inner combustion engine What do we see from the second paragraphs? ( ) High pressure is source of power inside a engine. Crankshaft is rotated without any force. Combustion chamber is not a part of the engine. Which one Statement is true according the above second paragraph? ( ) The movement of piston is carried by connecting rods to the engine crankshaft.
2012—2013学年度第一学期 应用化学专业《专业英语》课程试卷（A ） 注意事项：1. 考生务必将自己姓名、学号、专业名称写在指定位置； 2. 密封线和装订线内不准答题。 一、词汇填空 （写出下列每个词汇对应的英 汉单词）（共20小题，每空1分，共20分） 1、化学性质 （chemical property ） 2、物理性质 （physical property ） 3、溶解度 （solubility ） 4、密度 （density ） 5、沸点 （boiling point ） 6、熔点 （melting point ） 7、反应 （reaction ） 8、无机的 （inorganic ） 9、有机的 （organic ） 10、化合物 （c ompound ） 11、烷烃 （alkane ） 12、乙醇 （ethanol ） 13、烯烃 （alkene ） 14、炔烃 （alkyne ） 15、ester （ 酯 ） 16、ether （ 醚 ） 17、acetone （ 丙酮 ） 18、formaldehyde （ 甲醛 ） 19、ammonia （ 氨 ）
20、benzene （ 苯 ） 二、给下列无机化合物的英语名称（共10小题, 每小题2分，共20分） 1、CaO calcium oxide 2、HClO 4 perchloric acid 3、CuSO 4 copper sulfate 4、NaBr sodium bromide 5、NaCl sodium chloride 6、HNO 3 nitric acid 7、HNO 2 nitrous acid 8、Al 2O 3 aluminum oxide 9、KNO 3 potassium nitrate 10、FeBr 3 ferric bromide 三、给下列有机化合物的英语名称（共5小题, 每小题4分，共20分） 1.辛烷 octane 2.CH 2=CHCH 2CH 3 1-butene 3.CH 3CH 2CH 2CH 2OH butanol 4.CH 3CH 2OCH 3
商务专业英语试卷及答案(1)
ⅠTrue or False Questions. (1 point each, 25 points total) 1. Organization can be categorized by activity, namely, based on turnover, assets, number of employees. 2. The aim of organizations is to generate outputs which have a greater value than the labor used up.F 3. Objectives must be quantifiable and specific. 4. Crisis management describes how the managers prepare for and react to a sudden change. 5. Sole trader is an individual who owns the business. 6. Worker co-operative set up to benefit consumers. 7. Public sector organizations are owned or directed by the Government. 8. Theory Y managers seem to believe that employees are lazy, do not want to work, have to be controlled and monitored. 9. Private limited companies must state the extent to which they comply with the Cadbury Codes of Best Practice in their annual report. 10. The issued share capital can not be greater than the authorized. 11. B is an associate company of A if A has between 20 and 50% of the shares of B. 12. A franchisor buys the right to use/sell a product or service to a franchisee in return for a fixed fee and /or percentage of the turnover. 13. Merger occurs when two or more firms join together, it might be through a merger or a take-over. 14. Synergy is the idea that when two companies join together, overall performance will be worse than the sum of the two firms individually. 15. Microenvironment are factors beyond the immediate environment of the firm.
专业英语四级考试试题及答案 2005年英语专业四级考试试题 TEST FOR ENGLISH MAJORSTEST FOR ENGLISH MAJORS (2005) -GRADE FOUR- TIME LIMIT: 130 MIN PART IDICTATION [15 MIN ] Listen to the following passage. Altogether the passage will be read to you four times. During the first reading, which will be read at normal speed, listen and try to understand the meaning. For the second and third readings, the passagewill be read sentence by sentence, or phrase by phrase, with intervals of 15 seconds. The last reading will be read at normal speed again and during thistime you should check your work. You will then be given 2 minutes to check through your work once more. Please write the whole passage on ANSWER SHEET ONE. PART IILISTENING COMPREHENSION [15 MIN] In Sections A, B and C you will hear everything once only. Listen carefully and then answer the questions that follow. Mark the correct answer to each question on your answer sheet. SECTIONA CONVERSATIONS In this section you will hear several conversations. Listen to the conversations carefully and then answer the questions that follow.
(coaxial) cable (同轴)电缆 AC transmission system 交流输电系统active load （PLoad）有功负载active loss有功损耗 active power 有功功率 ammeter电流表 anode (cathode) 阳极（阴极） arc discharge 电弧放电 armature 电枢 control控制 autotransformer 自耦变压器Shutdown 断电、停电 breakdown （电）击穿 breaker (circuit breaker) 断路器brush 电刷 brushless DC motor无刷直流电机bus bar (bus) 母线 calibrate 校准 capacitor bank 电容器组 conductor 导线 copper loss 铜损 corona 电晕 CT 电流互感器 dielectric constant 介质常数dielectric loss 介质损耗 direct current （DC）直流电discharge/charge 放电/充电disconnector 隔离开关 double-circuit lines on the same tower双回同杆并架double-column transformer双绕组变压器 earth(ground) wire 接地线 earthing switch 接地开关 eddy current 涡流 electric field 电场 electrical circuit 电路 electrical machine control控制电机 electrical machinery电机 electromagnetic field 电磁场 excitation励磁 exciting winding 激磁绕组 excitor 励磁机 extra-high voltage (EHV) 超高压 fault clearing time 故障切除时间 feeder 馈线 flashover 闪络 (fossil-fired) power plant 火电厂 fuse 保险丝，熔丝 (GIS)气体绝缘变电站 generator terminal机端 generator 发电机 grounding 接地 high voltage高压 high-voltage engineering 高电压工程 impedance阻抗
医学专业英语 I.Choose the best answer from the four choices marked A, B, C and D (40points) 1.Which of the following suffixes does not mean “pertaining to”? A. -ic B. -al C. -ar D. -our 2.Which of the following combining forms means cell? A. -cyte B. cyt/o C. cel/o D. both a and b 3.Which of the following forms means tissue? A. erythr/o B. immun/o C.hist/o D. vascul/o 4.A- means _____ . A. up B. down C. apart D. without 5.The suffix -itis means _____ . A. infammation B.inflammation C.inflammazed D. instrument 6.The combining form of radi/o means _________ . A. radar B. x-ray C. radio D. both B and C 7.The instrument for viewing is –scope whereas the instrument for cutting is ______ . A. –scopy B. –tome C. –meter D. –graph 8.Which of the following forms refers to “surgical incision o f ?” A. –tomy B. -stomy C. –tome D. –ectomy 9. A record of electric wave occurring in the brain is called _______ . A. electroencephogram B. electromyogram C. electrocardiogram D. electroencephalogram 10.Stethalgia means the pain of chest, which can also be expressed in ____ . A. stethodynia B. thoracalgia C. thoracodynia D. all of the above 11.Which of the following forms means fungus? A. my/o B. myel/o C. myc/o D. none of the above 12.The combining form meaning “the skin” is _______ . A. dem/o B. derm/o C. dermat/o D. both B and C 13.Which of the following combining forms means blood vessels ? A. vascul/o B. angi/o C. chromat/o D. Both A and B 14.The term meaning “pertaining to secretion” is _______ . A. crinogenic B. endocrine C. crinologic D. endocardial 15.The disease of having too many white blood cells is referred to as ________ . A. leukocyte B. leukemia C. leukogenesis D. erythrocyte 16.Inflammation of liver is known in English as ________ . A. bronchitis B. pneumonitis C. gastritis D. hepatitis 17.-plasm means ______ . A. treatment B. knowledge C. diagnosis D. growth 18.Mammo/o refers to ______ . A. mother B. thymus gland C. thyroid gland D. breast 19.Which of the following does not mean “within or in”? A. en- B. endo- C. intra- D. none of the above 20._____ means surgical repair of an organ. A. phag/o B. –plasm C. –plasty D. –pathy
专业英语八级考试试题(1) 听力 Part Ⅰ Listening Comprehension (40 min) In Sections A, B and C you will hear everything ONCE ONLY. Listen carefully and then answer the questions that follow. Mark the correct answer to each ques tion on your Coloured Answer Sheet. SECTION A TALK Questions 1 to 5 refer to the talk in this section .At the end of the talk you w ill be given 15 seconds to answer each of the following five questions. Now list en to the talk. 1. The rules for the first private library in the US were drawn up by ___. A. the legislature B. the librarian C. John Harvard D. the faculty members 2. The earliest public library was also called a subscription library bec ause books ___. A. could be lent to everyone B. could be lent by book stores C. were lent to students and the faculty D. were lent on a membership basis 3. Which of the following is NOT stated as one of the purposes of free pu blic libraries?
Exercise 2 一、阅读理解（20points ）: Passage one The circuit element used to model the current-resisting behavior of a material is the ① . It is the simplest ② element. George Simon Ohm is credited with formulating the ③ relationship for a resistor based on experiments performed in 1826. This relationship is known as Ohm's Law. Ohm's Law states that the voltage across a resistor is ④ the current flowing through the resistor. The constant of proportionality is the resistance value of the resistor in ohms. The circuit symbol for the resistor is shown in Fig.1. For the current and voltage shown, Ohm's Law is u(t) = Ri(t) (1) where R≥0 is the resistance in ohms. Since R is constant, Eq.(1) is the equation of a straight line. For this reason, the resistor is called a linear resistor. A graph of u(t) versus i(t) for a linear resistor is a line passing through the origin with a slope of R. Resistors whose resistances do not remain constant for different terminal current are known as ⑤ resistors. For such a resistor, the resistance is a function of the current flowing in the device. In reality, all practical resistors are nonlinear because the electrical characteristics of all conductors are affected by environmental factors such as temperature. Many materials, however, closely approximate an ideal linear resistor over a desired operating region. Choose the best answer into the blanks. 1 A. capacitor B. inductor u (t ) i (t ) + _ Fig.1
2009 —2010学年第一学期 化学与材料学院（系）07级应用化学专业 《专业英语》期末试卷 1.Write the structural formula or Chinese name for each of the following (2% for each answer): （1）barium ion: （2）chlorate ion: （3）potassium ion: （4）carbonic acid: （5）ammonium ion: （6）pyrrole:（吡咯） （7）polystyrene: (聚苯乙烯) （8）p-hydroxybenzoic acid:(对羟基苯甲酸)（9）benzonitrile (苄腈) （10）critical pressure: （临界压力）（11）methanal: （甲醛）（12）buffer solution :（缓冲溶液）（13）alkali burette:（碱式滴定管）（14）extract ：(萃取)（15）tetrasulfur dinitride: （S4N2）（16）aldose:（醛醣）（17）sodium dihydrogenphosphate (磷酸二氢钠) （18）zinc oxide: （19）6-ethyl-4-methyldecane: （20）quantitative analysis: （定量分析） 2.Write the English name for each of the following(2% for each answer): （1）IBr: （2）天平（balance）（3）阴离子(anion) （4）H2SO3 （5）滴液漏斗: （dropping funnel）（6）CuNO3: （7）AgF: （8）滴定（n.）:(titrate)（9）Ca(MnO4)2: （10）辛醇: （11）十三烷： （12）(CH3CH2)2Hg: (diethylmercury) （13） CH3CHCH CH2 3: （14） CH3CH2CHCOOH CH3: （15）
Model Test 1 Part III Cloze [15 MIN.] Decide which of the choices given below would best complete the passage if inserted in the corresponding blanks. Mark the best choice for each blank on your answer sheet. Geography is the study of the relationship between people and the land. Geographers compare and contrast __1__ places on the earth. But they also __2__beyond the individual places and consider the earth as a __3__. The word geography __4__from two Greek words: ge，the Greek word for "earth" and graphic, __5__means "to write". The English word __6__ means "to describe the earth". Some geography books focus __7__a small area __8__ a town or city. Others deal with a state, a region, a nation, or an __9__continent. Many geography books deal __10__the whole earth. Another __11__to divide the study of geography is to __12__between physical geography and cultural geography. The former focuses on the natural world; the __13__starts with human beings and __14__how human beings and their environment act __15__each other. But when geography is considered as a single subject, __16__branch can neglect the other. A geographer might be described as one who observes, records, and explains the __17__between places. If all places __18__alike, there would be little need for geographers. We know, however, __19__no two places are exactly the same. Geography, __20__, is a point of view, a special way of looking at places. 1. [A] similar [B] various [C] distant [D] famous 2. [A] pass [B] reach [C] go [D] set 3. [A] total [B] unit [C] part [D] whole 4. [A] falls [B] removes [C] results [D] comes 5. [A] what [B] that [C] which [D] it 6. [A] ge [B]graphy [C]geography [D]graphic 7. [A] to [B] up [C]above [D]on 8. [A] outside [B] except [C] like [D] as 9. [A] extensive [B] enormous [C] overall [D] entire 10. [A] with [B] in [C] to [D] of 11. [A] way [B] means [C] habits [D] technique 12. [A] split [B] distinguish [C] integrate [D] tell 13. [A] second [ B] latter [C] next [D] later 14. [A] learns [ B ] realizes [ C ] studies [ D ] understands 15. [A] upon [B] for [C]as [D] to 16. [A] either [B] neither [C] one [D] each 17. [A] exceptions [B] differences [C] sameness [D] divisions 18. [A] being [B] are [C] were [D] be 19. [A] although [B] whether [C] since [D] that 20. [A] then [ B ] nevertheless [ C ] still [ D ] moreover Model Test 2 Part III Cloze [15 MIN.] Decide which of the choices given below would best complete the passage if inserted in the corresponding
专业英语期末考试试卷A卷标准答案及评分标准（2009-2010第二学期） 一、Translate the following speciality vocabulary into Chinese (20×1=20) 标准答案：1.电气工程 2. 正电荷 3 .信道 4.家庭自动化 5.桌面应用软件 6.下降沿 7.波特率 8.红外线传感器9 数字信号10.激光技术 11光纤12.微处理器13振荡器14.半导体15.远程控制 16触发器17.阴极射线管18 代码错误19.波导管20.通信工程 评分标准：得分=做对的个数×1 二、Translate the following speciality vocabulary into English(10×1=10) 1.circuit 2.voltage 3.diode 4.triode 5.microwave oven 6.watchdog 7.sensor或transducer 8.current 9.transistor 10. magnifier或amplifier 评分标准：得分=做对的个数×1 四、Multiple choices. (2×10=20） 1-5 BCDBD 6-10 BAAAC 评分标准：得分=做对的个数×2 五、Translate the following sentences into Chinese (5×2=10) 1、电源有两种：电流源与电压源。 2、电子元器件分为有源元件与无源元件两类。 3、激光技术是用来测量物体的存在、传感器到物体之间的距离以及物体尺寸的一种技术。 4、计算机的“大脑”被称为微处理器。 5、串行口有四种工作模式。 六、Choose the right statements according to the following passage .（true(T) or false (F) (5×2=10)） P1: 1-5 T F T F T 评分标准：得分=做对的个数×2 七、Reading Comprehension(5×2=10)） 1-5 B C A D C 评分标准：得分=做对的个数×2
1.Why are cast metal sheet ingots hot-rolled first instead of being cold-rolled? Because of cold rolling is to use hot rolled steel coils as the raw material, after acid pickling to remove oxide skin for cold rolling, the finished product is hard roll, because of cold work hardening caused by deformation of continuous cold rolling hard roll strength, increase hardness, toughness and plastic index decreased, so the stamping performance will deteriorate, can only be used for simple deformation of the parts 2.What type of heat treatment is given to the rolled metal sheet after hot and “warm” rolling? What is its purpose? 轧钢的热处理的类型？轧钢热处理的目的？ Heat treatment of the main types are annealing, normalizing, quenching and tempering, solution treatment and aging treatment, cold treatment, chemical treatment, etc. Annealing： The steel is heated to a certain temperature and heat preservation for a period of time, and then make it slowly cooling, called annealing. Steel annealing is a heat the steel to the phase change or part of the phase change temperature, slow cooling after heat preservation heat treatment method. The purpose of annealing is to eliminate tissue defects, improve the organization make composition uniformity and fine grains, increase mechanical properties of the steel, reduce residual stress; Can decrease the hardness at the same time, improve the plasticity and toughness, improve machinability. So before annealing in order to eliminate and improve both the legacy of tissue defects and internal stress, and to prepare for the follow-up process, so the annealing is belong to the intermediate heat treatment, also called heat treatment in advance Normalizing： Normalizing is heated to above the critical temperature of steel, to all into homogeneous austenitic steel, heat treatment and natural cooling in air. It can eliminate hypereutectoid steel mesh cementite, for hyposteel normalizing can refine crystal lattice, improve comprehensive mechanical properties, low requirements for the parts use the normalized instead of the annealing process is more economic. Quenching: Quenching is the steel is heated to above the critical temperature, heat preservation for a period of time, then quickly into the quenching medium, the temperature plummeted, rapid cooling at greater than the critical cooling rate of speed, which is mainly composed of martensite and unbalanced heat treatment method of the organization. Can increase strength and hardness of the steel quenching, but to reduce its plasticity. That is commonly used in quenching hardening agent are: water, oil, caustic soda, and salt solution, etc
物流专业英语试卷 一、Translation(30分) 1．Container transport 2．International freight forwarding agent 3．Order cycle time 4．Inventory turnover 5．Environmental logistics 6．Carrying cost 7．Material handling 8．Demand forecasting 9．Reverse logistics 10．Agile logistics 11．Third-party logistics 12．Initial investment 13．Warehouse facility 14．Material procurement 15．Point of consumption 16．多式联运 17．分销渠道 18．条码 19．订单处理 20．保税仓库 21．前置期 22．叉车 23．门到门 24．准时制物流 25．拣选 26．提货单 27．发货区 28．进口税 29．规模经济 30．供应链整合 二、Translate the sentences into Chinese(40分) 1、Customer service involves getting the right product to the right customer at the right place, in the right condition and at the right time, at the lowest total cost possible.