第二部分阅读理解全真模拟题
Unit 12
Passage 1
"Fathers should be neither seen nor heard."wrote Oscar Wilde."This is the only proper basis for family life." It's hard to say what Wilde would have thought of this week's cover photo or the pictures inside of dads and their children. Several clearly defy the outdated idea of fathers as detached from the parenting process. And that's just what the photographers intended.
Gregory Heisler, who did the cover photograph, says he wanted the image to show genuine affection. So, rather than use professional models, he went out and found some "real dads and their real kids."Adds Heisler." Instead of doing some slick, over-produced shot, I wanted something more authentic to the experience of being a father." This isn't the first time that Heisler, 39, has conveyed complex ideas for the cover of TIME. His photographs have graced the front of the magazine some 20 times, ranging from Olympic athlete Jackie Joyner-Kersee and director Davis Lynch to former President George Bush and Ted Turner for the Man of the Year issues in 1991 and 1992, respectively. But this week's TIME cover has special meaning, he says, because he and his wife Prudence had their first child, Lucy, 16 months ago.
The pictures appearing inside were all done by photographer Jeffrey Lowe. Although Lowe has not experienced fatherhood yet, he observed many intimate moments of parenting by spending a lot of private time with each dad and child. Of all the pictures. Lowe was most deeply touched by the father-to-be embracing his pregnant wife.
While most of the credit for the pictures rightly goes to those behind the camera, cover coordinator Lina Freeman and assistant picture editor Mary Worrell Bousquette, who work behind the scenes, also deserve accolades. Freeman, for instance, had the challenging task of making arrangements for the group portrait of child movie stars by Heisler that appears on page 62. Says she: "My greatest reward is working with these talented artists."Bousquette edited the pictures that appear inside."I wanted our story to show the many faces of fatherhood," she says. At least in this issue, those fathers are seen as well as heard sorry, Oscar.
1. In Oscar Wilde's view,
A. distance between fathers and their children is essential in family life
B. fathers should play a greater role in family life
C. family life is something that fathers enjoy most
D. fathers are never sure about what they should do at home
2. The photographers of this week's TIME intended
A. to support Oscar Wilde's view
B. to prove that Oscar Wilde was wrong
C. to apologize to Oscar Wilde
D. to show their respect for Oscar Wilde
3. The word 'graced' in the second paragraph means
A. decorated
B. substituted
C. turned out
D. mixed up
4. How did Jeffrey Lowe manage to portray fathers' feelings accurately?
A. He tried to experience fatherhood himself.
B. He spent most of his time with his pregnant wife.
C. He mixed with many fathers and their children.
D. He studied the relationship between each member in a family.
5. From the last paragraph, we can infer that
A. cover coordinator and assistant picture do not share the same idea with Heisler
B. making arrangement for the group portrait of child movie stars is not an easy job
C. freeman's job is well paid
D. these stuffs are all sorry about Oscar's father
Passage 2
Children are in need of adoption because some birth parents are unable or unavailable to provide adequately for the needs of their child. There are numerous reasons for making an adoption plan. Birth parents may feel they cannot take on the responsibility of an unplanned child because they are too young or because they are financially or emotionally unable to provide proper care. They do not feel ready or able to be good parents.
In other cases children are in need of adoption because courts have decided that their birth parents are unable to function adequately. Many of these children are victims of abuse or neglect. Regardless of how children come to need adoption, they are put with adoptive parents through private or public social service agencies. Other adoptions may be arranged independently, as when birth parents and adoptive parents come to know each other outside of an agency and then complete the adoption according to the laws and regulations of their states of residence.
Which Children Need Adoption
Children from all countries and all walks of life need adopting. Although international adoptions occur, the largest number of adoptions in the United States involve American parents adopting American infants. Statistics on the ethnicity of both parties are incomplete.
In the early 1970 s there was a dramatic increase in the number of families seeking to adopt, a condition which persists today. For this reason, the number of those who wish to adopt regularly exceeds the number of infants available. Reasons for this dramatic increase are varied. A major factor has been the choice of many people to delay the start of a family until later in life. Many of these people, in turn, have found themselves to be less fertile at that time, and so they have decided that their desire to have children might best be fulfilled through adoption.
In every state, however, there are children who are legally free to be adopted but are desperately waiting for parents. The children in this group are usually older and often have special needs. They may require additional care from a parent because of their physical, emotional, or mental disabilities (which may have been caused by abuse, neglect, or medical or genetic factors). Because of their special needs, these children are challenging to rear. In fact, adoption experts believe that people who adopt these children need special training and preparation in order to successfully rear the child
and to integrate the child into the family and eventually into society.
In cases of international adoption, Americans have adopted orphaned children from places like Korea, India, and Latin America. United States immigration laws allow such children to reside in the United States through a special visa under which the children are classified as immediate relatives of the adopting family. The laws, regulations, and attitudes toward international addoption vary a great deal from one country to another. Because of this, people wishing to adopt should use experienced agencies or organizations in order to adopt a child from another country successfully.
Stepparent adoption is also very common. Most often, this type of adoption occurs when one of the child's birth parents has remarried and the new spouse adopts the child. In such adoptions, the consent of the other birth parent is usually required, because it entails the termination of that parent's rights.
6. The author thinks of adoption as ________.
A. illegal
B. unethical
C. unavoidable
D. necessary
7. What is the most important reason for the adoption boom in the 1970 s?
A. In the early 1970 s, adoption came into vogue among young American couples.
B. Many women chose adoption for fear that their figure might be adversely affected after
giving birth to babies.
C. Many people who married late found they were less fertile and had to adopt children.
D. Due to the baby boom in the 1960 s, the American government carried out family planning
and many people had to adopt children.
8. By saying "these are children who are legally free to be adopted but are desperately
waiting for parents", the author suggests that ________.
A. few people would like to adopt these children for they are hard to rear
B. the children were eager to be loved by their birth parents
C. although some people would like to adopt them, these children would rather wait for their birth parents
D. their birth parents abandoned them but these children still loved them
9. According to the passage, international adoption ________.
A. occurs more often than adoptions of American infants
B. mostly involves European orphans
C. should be done through experienced agencies
D. should be banned right away
10. Which of the following is NOT the reason for making an adoption plan?
A. Birth parents do not have enough money.
B. Birth parents are not emotionally prepared.
C. Birth parents have already had a baby.
D. The count don't think that the birth parents have the ability to raise the child. passage 3
Joshua DeShaney is paralyzed and profoundly retarded, the victim of brutal pummelings at age four by his father. Joshua, now nine, is also the victim of inaction by Wisconsin's Winnebago County department of social services. The agency failed to remove the child from his divorced father's custody despite continual reports of abuse for nearly two years, repeated hospitalizations for serious injuries, and regular observations by a caseworker
of suspicious bumps and lesions. Joshua's father was convicted of child abuse in 1984 and paroled from prison after less than two years. Last week, in a ruling that stunned children's rights advocates around the country, the U. S. Supreme Court voted 6 to 3 to absolve Winnebago County of constitutional responsibility for Joshua's fate.
"A state's failure to protect an individual against private violence,"declared Chief Justice William Rehnquist, was not a denial of the victim's constitutional rights."While the state may have been aware of the dangers that Joshua faced in the free world, it played no part in their creation, nor did it do anything to render him any more vulnerable to them."The majority's ruling provoked an emotional dissent from Justice Harry Blackmun."Poor Joshua! Victim of repeated attacks by an irresponsible, bullying, cowardly and intemperate father, and abandoned by county officials who placed him in a dangerous predicament,"he wrote."It is a sad commentary upon American life and constitutional principles."
Government child-welfare agencies expressed relief over the decision. "A contrary ruling would have seriously affected programs and budgetary priorities,"explained Benna Ruth Solomon of the State and Local Legal Center in Washington. For child advocates, the opinion was deeply troubling. Said James Weill of the Children's Defense Fund:"It's part of a line of decisions in which the court has indicated significant hostility to legal protections for children." Suits against agencies may still be filed in some state courts, but local laws often permit little or no recourse. In Joshua's case, a Wisconsin statute limits damages to $50,000 - less than the cost of a year's medical care for the tragically battered youngster.
11. By saying "Joshua is also a victim of inaction by Wisconsin's Winnebago County
department of social services", the author means ________.
A. the agency should have sent someone to Joshua's home to take care of him
B. the court had made the ruling that the child should be removed from his father, the
agency failed to do so
C. the agency should have taken actions to remove the child from his father's custody
D. the agency failed to send the child to his mother
12. Which of the following was the reason given by Chief Justice William Rehnquist for
absolving Winnebago County of constitutional responsibility for Joshua's fate?
A. The agency had no responsibility of taking care of the abused child.
B. The agency didn't play a part in the child abuse.
C. The agency was so busy that it had no time to deal with Joshua's case.
D. The agency couldn't intrude upon other people's personal affairs.
13. According to justice Harry Blackmun, Joshua's fate ________.
A. reflects the sad aspects of American life and constitutional principles
B. provokes people to comment on American life and constitutional principles
C. makes people disappointed with American life and constitutional principles
D. has a profound impact on American life and constitutional principles
14. It can be inferred from the passage that ________.
A. the author definitely agrees with Chief Justice William Rehnquist's point of view
B. government child-welfare agencies expressed dissent to the ruling made by the Supreme Court
C. Joshua would get $50,000 damages from the Wisconsin's Winnebago County.
D. U. S. children's rights advocates were dissatisfied with the ruling made by the Supreme Court.
15. What's the attitude of children's advocated towards the ruling
A. critical
B. indifferent
C. positive
D. neutral
Passage 4
AIs there a link between crime and population growth? And how does social change aggravate the current crime surge? James Q. Wilson, professor of management and public policy at UCLA and author of Thinking About Crime and The Moral Sense, gave his views last week in an interview with TIME assistant editor Susanne Washburn.
Any historian knows that crime waves, in fact, are cyclical. Earlier ones occurred in the 1830 s, the late 1860 s and the 1920 s. The question is, what causes the cycles, and what affects their timing? Crime was abnormally low in the 1940 s and 1950 s and began to rise around 1963 and peaked in the late 1970 s. The increase in crime from 1963 to 1980 was enormous - and it occurred in a period of general prosperity. Part of the explanation is that the population got younger, because of the baby boom - and younger men are more likely to commit crime than older ones.
Then in the early 1980 s, almost all forms of crime began to decline for a while. The baby boom got old, so the baby boomers were no longer in the crime-prone years. We saw this in declining public-school enrollments. Now, however, if you look at what's happening in elementary schools, enrollments are going up because the children of baby boomers are starting to move through the cycle. My guess - and the guess of many other criminologists - is that by the end of this decade we will see an increase in the general crime rate regardless of what the government does.
Obviously, we want to do everything possible to moderate its severity. And public policy ought to be directed toward that end. The public expects it. I thing politicians will face up to it. But we simply have to realize we are in an era when our ability to moderate the severity of crimes is substantially reduced from what it once was. We are much more reliant on public policy, which is a crude and not very effective instrument. And we are much less dependent on informal social controls, which, when they work, are the most powerful con-trols.
The most significant thing in the last half-century has been the dramatic expansion in personal freedom and personal mobility, individual rights, the reorienting of culture around individuals. We obviously value that. But like all human gains, it has been purchased at a price. Most people faced with greater freedom from family, law, village, clan, have used it for good purposes - artistic expression, economic entrepeneurship, self-expression - but a small fraction of people have used it for bad purposes. So just as we have had an artistic and economic explosion, we have had a crime explosion. I think the two are indissolubly entwined. When that prosperity puts cars, drugs and guns into the hands of even relatively poor 18-year-olds, young people can do a great deal more damage today than they could in the 1940 s or 1950 s.
16. According to James Q. Wilson, which statement is true?
A. There's no definite connection between crimes and population.
B. Baby boom may lead to an increase in crime.
C. The increase in crime from 1963 to 1980 was completely due to economic prosperity.
D. Better public policy will definitely result in a decline in crime.
17. When was crime extremely high?
A. In the early 1960 s.
B. In the late 1960 s.
C. In the early 1970 s.
D. In the late 1970 s.
18. Wilson believes that by the end of this decade we will see an increase in the general
crime because ________.
A. an economic prosperity is around the corner
B. enrollments are going up in high schools
C. crime waves are cyclical
D. there will be a new generation of baby boomers
19. In moderating the severity of crimes, which of the following is the most effective?
A. Prisons.
B. The police.
C. Public policy.
D. Informal social controls.
20. The best title for the passage would be ________.
A. the link between crime and population growth
B. what can we do to moderate the severity of crimes
C. the baby boom
D. what has the cars done to us
Unit 13
Passage 1
In Hollywood, as in war, truth is often the first casualty. Stories told on screen demand heroes, villains and an intelligible plot line. Real life, on the other hand, tends to get messy - the lines between good and bad often cross. Two years ago, director Oliver Stone was excoriated in the press for playing fast and loose with certain facts in JFK. Jim Sheri-dan's In the Name of the Father has largely escaped such criticism in the U. S., but only because Americans are unfamiliar with the story it is based on. In Britain, where people have lived with the case of the Guildford Four for 20 years, the film's reception has been considerably stormier.
The movie tells the tale of Gerry Conlon, who along with three other youths was falsely accused of killing five people in a 1974 I. R. A. bombing of two pubs in Guildford, England. The four - three men and a woman - served 14 years in prison before their convictions were overturned. Seven friends and relatives of Conlon's (the Maguire Seven), including his father, also served many years on trumped-up charges of having made the bombs. Though Sheridan never set out to make a documentary, he has been attacked for needlessly distorting the facts of the case. The film, for instance, shows the Maguire Seven on trial with the Guildford Four, though the cases were tried separately. In some of its most affecting scenes, it shows Conlon, played by Daniel Day-Lewis, sharing a jail cell with his father, though the two were often not even in the same prison. A grand and heroic part is carved for actress Emma Thompson, playing Conlon's solicitor, Gareth Peirce, but in reality Peirce was a minor figure and another attorney. Alastair Logan, deserves most of the credit for freeing the Four. A pivotal scene in which Peirce smuggles a crucial piece of suppressed evidence from a police file was fabricated for the film; it was a police investigation that uncovered the buried evidence of Conlon's innocence.
Sheridan insists that he was seeking an "emotional honesty"and that the real subject of his film was a son's changing relationship with his father. But if that was his intended subject, say some close to the case, the director should have used someone else's story."The truth is that Gerry Conlon had very little time for his father,"says Sean Smyth, an uncle."It's a good film, well acted and everything,"concedes Conlon's aunt, Anne Maguire."But I think if they'd put more of the true facts in, it would have been a much more powerful film."
1. It can be inferred from the first paragraph that ________.
A. films often reflect real life
B. Oliver Stone, a well-known director, deserved high praise for his work in JFK.
C. The film In the Name of the Father is based on the case of Guildford Four.
D. Unlike Americans, British people think highly of the film In the Name of the Father.
2. According to the context, "excoriated"(para 1, line 4) means" ________."
A. praised
B. severely criticized
C. awarded prize
D. advertised
3. According to the passage, which of the following statements is NOT true?
A. Gerry Colon and three othe youths were proved innocent after 14 years'imprisonment.
B. Colon's father was also sentenced to several years' imprisonment.
C. It is true that Colon and his father were tried together at the court.
D. Colon, in fact, didn't stay in the same jail cell as his father.
4. Who played the most important role in getting Colon's conviction overturned?
A. Colon's father.
B. The police.
C. Gareth peire.
D. Alastair Logan.
5. The reason why Sheridan was attacked is that ________.
A. he wanted to make a documentary
B. people are not satisfied with the performance of the actors
C. he has altered the facts of case in his film
D. americans are unfamiliar with the story
Passage 2
Every British citizen who is employed (or self-employed) is obliged to pay s weekly contribution to the national insurance and health schemes. An employer also makes a contribution for each of his employees, and the Government too pays a certain amount. This plan was brought into being in 1948. Its aim is to prevent anyone from going without medical services, if he needs them, however poor he may be; to ensure that a person who is out of work shall receive a weekly sum of money to survive; and to provide a small pension for those who have reached the age of retirement.
Everyone can register with a doctor of his choice and if he is ill he can consult the doctor without having to pay for the doctor's services, although he has to pay a small charge for medicines. The doctor may, if necessary, send a patient to a specialist, or to a hospital; in both cases treatment will be given without any fee being payable. Those who wish may become private patients, paying for their treatment, but they must still pay their contributions to the national insurance and health schemes.
During illness the patient can draw a small amount every week, to make up for his lost wages. Everyone who needs to have his eyes seen to may go to a state-registered oculist
and if his sight is weak he can get spectacles from an optician at a much reduced price. For a small payment he may go to a dentist, if he needs false teeth, he can obtain dentures (假牙) for less than they would cost from a private dentist. Various other medical appliances can be obtained in much the same way.
When a man is out of work, he may draw unemployment benefit until he finds work again; this he will probably do by going to a Job Centre (an office run by the State to help people find jobs). If he is married, the allowance he receives will be larger. Obviously the amount paid is comparatively small, for the State does not want people to stop working in order to draw a handsome sum of money for doing nothing!
When a man reaches the age of sixty-five, he may retire from work and then he has the right to draw a State pension. For women, the age of retirement is sixty. Mothers-to-be and children receive special benefits such as free milk or certain food stuffs for which only a minimum charge is made. The State pays to the mother a small weekly sum for each child in a family. There is also an allowance for funerals, for the State boasts that it looks after people "from the cradle to the grave"! There are special benefits for certain people, such as the blind and the handicapped.
Most people in Britain agree that there are still many improvements to be made in the national insurance and health schemes, but it is also true that they have become a social institution that the great majority of the population wishes to see maintained.
6. The money for the national insurance and health schemes comes from ________.
A. one source
B. two sources
C. three sources
D. four sources
7. Every citizen in Britain ________.
A. receives pay from the government
B. registers with a doctor and becomes a private patient
C. has access to medical services almost free of charge
D. retires from work in the early sixties
8. Which of the following is true?
A. unemployment benefit makes people stay idle at home
B. unemployment benefit is supposed to help people pull through a difficult time
C. unemployment benefit is insufficient to keep a family alive
D. unemployment benefit is available to married people only
9. In the last paragraph, "they" refers to ________.
A. most people in Britain
B. national insurance and health schemes
C. people's wishes
D. improvements to be made
10. It can be inferred from the passage that ________.
A. a man who is out of work can get a large sum of money from the Job Centre if he is married
B. all people will retired at the age of 65 in Britain
C. doctors themselves do not necessarily have to pay their contributions to the national
insurance and health schemes
D. the majority of the population favor the social insurance and health schemes Passage 3
There will be plenty to talk about when 35 Roman Catholic Archbishops of the U. S. meet with Pope John Paul II at the Vatican this week. The purpose of the gathering, in
fact, is to clear the air on a number of nettlesome issues, ranging from doctrinal discipline to the role of women in the church, on which the Pontiff and the U. S. prelates do not see eye to eye. By coincidence, one of their most vexing disputes was settled just days earlier, in District of Columbia Superior Court. Judge Frederick Weisberg ruled that the Catholic University of America had every righ tot follow John Paul's dictates by removing from its theology faculty Father Charles Curran, an outspoken professor who questions church policies on birth control, abortion, homosexuality, premarital sex and divorce.
Among the U. S.'s 233 Catholic colleges, Curran's former employer is unique. The Catholic University was chartered in 1889 by the papacy, and its theology school grants Vatican-authorized degrees. While most U. S. Catholic universities are run by predominantly lay boards, the school's chancellor is the Archbishop of Washington, and 16 bishops, usually including all active U. S. Cardinals, sit on its 40 member board. Last year the board carried out a 1986 Vatican directive and barred Curran from teaching Catholic theology. Curran, 54, retained tenure but spurned compromise offers to teach nontheological subjects in other departments.
The judge ruled that Curran "could not reasonably have expected that the university would defy a definitive judgment by the Holy See that he was 'unsuitable' and 'ineligible' to teach Catholic theology."There was a"direct and unavoidable"conflict, said the court, between academic freedom and the school's fealty (忠效) to the Pope. The university sided with Rome, and"whether that is ultimately good for the university or for the church is something they have a right to decide for themselves."Heartily agreeing, a Vatican official said the"essential issue was the freedom of the church to regulate teaching of theology in its own schools."Curran, who is now teaching theology at the University of Southern California, will file no appeal. Says he:"I'm a free man now, and better for it."
It is unclear whether the decision will have a broader effect on Catholic higher education in the U. S. Curan thinks it might, "given the current atmosphere"of John Paul's campaign to clamp down on errant theology teachers in seminaries and universities. But Sister Alice Gallin of the Association of Catholic Colleges and Universities, emphasizes Catholic University's unusual status and expects no spillover effect. She adds, however, that the case is"a warning the faculties must protect academic freedom."
11. The purpose of the meeting between the Pope and the US Archbishops is to talk about ________.
A. Curran's case.
B. some troublesome issues concerning both sides
C. women's role in the church
D. birth control, abortion, homosexuality and divorce
12. In what sense is the Catholic University of America unique?
A. Its board mainly consists of active US bishops.
B. Its board consists of both Vatican and US bishops.
C. The head of the school is an archbishop.
D. The school grants both Vatican and American degrees.
13. Curran was deprived of the right to teach theology in the Catholic University because
________.
A. he was a homosexual
B. he was against the Pope
C. he was an incompetent teacher
D. he questions some of the church's policies
14. How did Curran react to the court's verdict?
A. He is relieved to be free from the Catholic control.
B. He will appeal to the Superior Court.
C. He will remain in the school to teacher other subjects.
D. He is grateful to be able to keep his tenure.
15. The phrase "clamp down" (Line 3, Para 4) most probably means ________.
A. use one's authority against something
B. approve of something
C. compromise on something
D. exert much influence on something
Passage 4
Forty years ago no one was concerned about the health of the ocean, in spite of the fact that many fisheries were being overharvested, toxic wastes were being dumped in the sea, and developers were beginning to seriously disrupt coastlines. In those days, the magnitude of the problems small, even though it was obvious that if the trends continued people would face severe economic and personal hardship in the future. People just didn't understand, nor did they care. Unfortunately many of our concerns were realized, but the situation could have been much worse had we, and others, not taken action to inform people about the ocean and the need to protect it.
During our campaign to share the wonders of the sea and alert the public about the need to protect it, we have used every medium available - personal appearances, the printed word, and television. Now there is a new medium that is even more effective than its predecessors. Thanks to the Internet and computers, people can not only receive linear stories, but they can actually participate in them, exploring and learning at their own pace and as their curiosity dictates. I am tremendously impressed with the personalization of what had been labeled by skeptics as the most impersonal medium yet developed. For these reasons I have made a major commitment of time and resources to dive into this sea of electronic marvels. I'm swimming hard to keep up, but when I look around I find I'm not alone. We are all learning together and it is an adventure I am finding immensely rewarding. I have been encouraged by our first modest dunking in this new world: We recently completed a CD-ROM, Jean-Michel Cousteau's World: Cities Under the Sea - Coral Reefs. A couple of months ago I was in Fiji to celebrate the 1997 International Year of the Reef and presented our Cities Under the Sea CD-ROM to a group of children. I was impressed to see how quickly they grasped our concept and how they directed their own learning process, thanks to the flexibility of the medium. It was particularly exciting to see kids squeal with delight as they responded to questions and the computer rewarded them when they got the correct answers.
I want young people to experience the mystery and wonder of our oceans. I want them to understand how precious and vulnerable our environment is. Young people need to be taught to take responsibility for ensuring that their heritage will be protected and used wisely. Hopefully the generation will do a better job than mine has. I believe individuals must be personally involved and I am counting on the Internet to be the medium through
which people can experience, learn, and take action. I am counting on young people with their idealism and energy to create a better future - it is too important to be left to bureaucrats and politicians.
16. Forty years ago people were indifferent to the health of the ocean because ________.
A. the ocean was immune to any pollution then
B. they didn't know what would become of if the ocean was deadly disrupted
C. there was no computer then
D. there wasn't any problem with the ocean at that time
17. The last sentence of the 2nd paragraph tells us that the writer believes that ________.
A. the computer is as smart as human beings
B. the computer is friends with human beings
C. human beings can interact with the computer and do what they want at their will
D. human beings have not used the computer to its fullest advantage
18. The writer went to Fuji to ________.
A. participate in a celebration
B. teach children there how to use the computer
C. make an adventure in the sea
D. spend the holiday on the seashore
19. The writer's attitude to the prospect of the ocean is ________.
A. desperate
B. unconcerned
C. optimistic
D. pragmatic
20. This passage is mainly about ________.
A. the development of internet and computers
B. how beautiful the ocean is
C. the effort to alert the people about the need to protect the ocean by means of a new kind of medium
D. the education for the young people
Unit 14
Passage 1
"Neither snow, nor rain, nor heat, nor gloom of night stay these couriers from the swift completion of their appointed rounds - but if they are late, they'll hide or trash your mail and no one will be the wiser." That seems to be the new motto for certain employees of the U. S. Postal Service. In a surprise audit disclosed last week, postal inspectors in Washington found that some local managers temporarily stashed mail in parked trailers so that the letters and packages wouldn't be immediately noticed as delayed. Millions of pieces of undelivered mail were found, including 2.3 million bulk-business letters, some of which had been delayed nine days, and 800,000 first-class letters, which had been held for three days.
The new evidence of postal mischief follows a major scandal uncovered last spring in Chicago, which had been plagued by sloppy service and late deliveries. Confirming the public's worst suspicions, police found a foot-high pile of month-old mail under a porch, and fire fighters came upon 2,300 Ibs. of old mail in a letter carrier's home.
On Friday, postal workers in the nation's capital were ordered to work overtime on the
weekend to clear the backlog of mail. Just two years ago, Postmaster General Marvin Runyon promised to turn the district's postal service into a "showpiece"of modern technology and efficiency. Yet, in a recent survey by the accounting firm Price Waterhouse, Washington ranked dead last among urban areas for on-time mail delivery. Several members of Congress - angry because some of the delayed letters in Washington could be from constituents trying to contact them - charge that the mail holdups could be illegal and plan to investigate the postal system. The House subcommittee on postal operations has summoned Runyon to testify at a hearing about the problems this week. The General Accounting Office plans an investigation of service snafus."Out Postal Service is a disaster,"says Missouri Democrat William Clay, chairman of the House Post Office and Civil Service Committee."And it is as disheartening nationwide as it is in Washington."
1. It was found by postal inspectors in Washington that ________.
A. postal service proved to be perfect and efficient
B. local managers tried their best to clear delayed mail
C. local managers sometimes cheated in their work by hiding undelivered mail
D. postmen were too tired because of their heavy workload
2. Two years ago, postmaster General Marvin Runyon promised to ________.
A. clear the backlog of mail
B. turn the postal service in the district the largest one across the country
C. use advanced technology and therefore make the district postal service as efficient as possible
D. get rid of sloppy service and late deliveries
3. According to a recent survey by the accounting firm Price Waterhouse, it can be known
that ________.
A. Washington service was the worst in on-time mail delivery among all national cities.
B. Washington service was the best in on-time mail delivery across the country.
C. Washington had the most efficient postal workers.
D. Washington had the worst postal facilities.
4. Some Congressmen charged that the mail hold-ups could be against the law because ________.
A. they couldn't tolerate the sloppy service and delayed delivery
B. mail hold-ups affected the contact between their potential voters and them
C. it was their responsibility to take charge of the postal sevice
D. they wanted to eliminate this phenomenon
5. Passage 1 and passage 2 are written to discuss ________.
A. the evidence of postal mischief
B. the angry of the public and the congress
C. the hard work of the postmen
D. the impossibility of the on-time delivery of the mail
Passage 2
Vancouver restaurants won't butt out if the smoking ban drags down business. The Restaurant and Foodservices Association of B. C. representing 4,000 businesses in the Lower Mainland retained a lawyer in case the restaurant industry gets burned by the bylaw that prohibits smoking in places where children are permitted while excluding pubs and
nightclubs.
"We have legal advice,"said Earl Manning, executive director of the association."If we have to we might take legal action. But we hope we don't have to and reason prevails. It's not a compromise at all. It creates an unlevel playing field in the hospitality industry and discriminates against restaurants."
Predicting restaurant closures and job losses when enforcement goes into effect in May, 1996. Manning says smokers will simply take their business - and their friends - to pubs where you're allowed to smoke, eat and drink in the same place. And that could be as close as Richmond or the city of North Vancouver where councils voted against smoking bans in restaurants.
Dr. John Blatherwick disagrees. Vancouver's medical health officer says the ratio of restaurant to pubs is at least 35 to one and that won't change significantly because of the smoking ban.
"You're not going to get all the smokers cramming into one bar to eat their meals," argued Blatherwick.
"I'd suggest he never worked in the restaurant industry,"charged Manning in response."Blatherwick is presumptuous in his projections of what will happen in the industry. He's not a restaurant owner. He doesn't understand how people like to eat, drink and smoke in the same place."
Manning also wants to know why Blatherwick backed off from his total smoking ban for all public places including pubs and nightclubs.
Blatherwick says city councilors and the public aren't comfortable with it right now. But that doesn't mean he won't come back to it in a few years when the public is adjusted to no smoking in places covered by this partial ban.
No matter when the smoke clears, Vancouver councilor Nancy Chiavario - who supports the partial ban to minimize future health care costs for employees and customers - will be a tough sell for bars and restaurants. Because people go to bars and nightclubs to drink alcohol which is arguably an unhealthy thing to do in its own right. Chiavario says it's a contradiction to tell them they can't smoke.
6. The reason why pubs and nightclubs are not included in the smoking ban is probably that ________.
A. people who go to these places are non-smokers
B. children are not permitted in these places
C. pubs and nightclubs owners need advantageous supports, or they will go bankrupt
D. lawmakers are biased
7. From the first two paragraphs, what might happen if the smoking ban in restaurants takes effect?
A. There will be a lawsuit.
B. Restaurants will obey the law without protests.
C. Pubs and nightclubs will get the upper hand of restaurants.
D. People won't go to restaurants any more.
8. Dr. John Blatherwick doesn't think that the smoking ban in restaurants will have much
had effect on restaurants because ________.
A. he knows nothing about the restaurant industry
B. he doesn't like pubs and nightclubs
C. he thinks the number of restaurants is far greater than that of pubs and nightclubs
D. he thinks restaurants are more comfortable than pubs and nightclubs
9. It can be inferred from the 7th and 8th paragraphs that ________.
A. Blatherwick once advocated total smoking ban.
B. Blatherwick will back off from total smoking ban for good.
C. Blatherwick only advocates partial smoking ban.
D. Blatherwick is not confident about partial smoking ban.
10. The author's attitude towards the issue seems to be ________.
A. biased
B. indifferent
C. puzzling
D. objective
Passage 3
The rise of "temp" work has further magnified the decreasing rights and alienation of the worker. It is common corporate practice to phase out full-time employees and hire temporary workers to take on more workload in less time. When facing a pressing deadline, a corporation may pay $15-$20 per hour for a temp worker, but the temp worker will only see $7 or $8 of that money. The rest goes to the temp agency, which is usually a corporate chain, such as Kelly Services, that blatantly makes its profits off of other people's labor. This increases profits of the corporations because they can increase a workload, get rid of the employee when they're finished, and not worry about paying benefits or unemployment for that employee. I have had to work with temps a few times in my current position, and the workers only want one thing - a full-time job with benefits. We really wanted to hire one temp I was working with, but we could not offer her a full-time job because it would have been a breach in our contract with the temp agency that employed her. To hire a temp fulltime, we would have had to pay the agency over a thousand dollars. Through this practice and policy, the temp agency locks its temporary workers into a horrible new form of servitude from which the worker cannot break free.
Furthermore, corporate powers push workers to take on bigger workloads, work longer hours, and accept less benefits by instilling a paranoia in their workforce. The capitalist bosses assume dishonesty, disloyalty, and laziness amongst workers, and they breed a sense of guilt and fear through their assumptions. Where guilt doesn't seep in, bitterness, anger, and depression take over. The highest priorities of Big Business are to increase profits and limit liabilities. Personal relations and human needs are last on their list of priorities. So what we see is a huge mass of people who are alienated, disempowered, overworked, men-tally and physically ill and who spend the vast majority of their time and energy on their ba-sic survival. They are denied any chance to really "live," because they are forced to make profits for the capitalists in power.
11. Which of the following words can be used to replace "mangified" (line 1. paragraph
1) without changing the original meaning of the sentence?
A. expanded
B. aggravated
C. enlarged
D. deteriorated
12. Which of the following can NOT be listed as a reason for corporations-hiring temporary
workers and phasing out full-time employees?
A. Corporations intend to leave more workload to temporary workers.
B. Temp workers are generally well-trained and can achieve high efficiency.
C. Corporations can reduce their production cost by employing temp workers.
D. Corporations can benefit a great deal from keeping a small full-time work force.
13. According to the first paragraph, which statement is true?
A. Temp workers seem to be satisfied with their conditions.
B. Temp agencies have made it possible for temp workers.
C. Temp workers are fairly paid by their agencies.
D. It's difficult for temp workers to be employed as full-time workers.
14. The main purpose of the last paragraph is to
A. show how much the capitalist bosses distrust temp workers
B. reveal that temp workers are living in misery
C. arouse readers' hatred for the capitalists
D. severely criticize the ignorance of the temp workers
15. The big business attach more importance to
A. A higher loyalty percentage among the workers.
B. The benefit of the workers.
C. Increasing profits of themselves.
D. The human needs of themselves.
Passage 4
In April 1992 Cornelia Whitner was sentenced to eight years in prison for criminal child neglect. Her crime was that, while living in Sough Carolina, she had ingested crack cocaine during her pregnancy. Later, she gave birth to a healthy baby.
South Carolina is the only state where a pregnant woman can be sent to prison for potentially harming a viable fetus. In 1996 the state supreme court decided that such fetuses were protected under the state's 1985 child-endangerment statutes. The 1973 decision of the United States Supreme Court, Roev Wade, goes nowhere near that far. It accepts that, in the third trimester of pregnancy, the state has a compelling interest in preserving the life of the unborn child; it therefore allows a state to forbid abortions. But it grants an exception where the life or health of the mother is at stake, and it does not give the fetus the rights of a living person.
South Carolina's law also contradicts supreme courts in five states which have dismissed criminal charges against pregnant women whose behaviour harmed their fetuses. Most recently, in October, the Florida supreme court ruled that a pregnant unmarried teenager who shot herself in the abdomen was not guilty of murder. The court pointed out that American and English common law confers immunity on pregnant women who cause injury or death to their fetuses, although a third party may be prosecuted.
In South Carolina, the "pregnancy police"are said to have arrested and charges dozens of pregnant drug-abusers during the past 18 months. Some have received prison terms; others have been put on probation. The state attorney-general, Charlie Condon, a man said to have his sights on higher office, takes most of the blame, or the credit, for the zeal of the police."A viable fetus", he proclaims,"is a citizen and a fellow South Carolinian." In response to his critics, Mr Condon has now proposed an amnesty for women who agree to seek treatment; they would then be sent to prison only as a last resort. Police in some South Carolina counties, however, are continuing to make arrests.
Annette Ruth Appell, an assistant professor in the University of South Carolina's
School of Law, says the Whitner ruling also raises other issues. Should the state test all pregnant women, regardless of history, race or class, or should it confine itself to certain groups and, if so, which ones? Research has shown that black women are ten times more likely to be tested for prenatal drug use than white women; Ms Whitner herself is black. And which sorts of prenatal behaviour will the state regulate? Simply drugabuse, or smoking and drinking too?
Opponents of the Sough Carolina law say that it disproportionately affects poor women; the doctors of well-to-do patients are much less likely to report cases of addiction. They strongly object to criminal penalties for drug-addicted pregnant women, favouring rehabilitation instead. But there are few drug-rehabilitation centres in the state, and even fewer that will accept poor patients.
Ms Whitner's case is expected to go to the United States Supreme Court in February. She herself, according to her lawyer, still has at least six months of prison to serve before she will be eligible for parole.
16. Opponents to the South Carolina law hold that ________.
A. it makes large numbers of poor women suffer
B. it affects rich women and poor women alike
C. it does not rehabilitate drug-addicted pregnant women
D. it is unconstitutional
17. Cornelia Whitner was sentenced to eight years in prison for ________.
A. drug addiction
B. potentially harming an unborn baby
C. child abuse
D. having killed a fetus
18. The 1973 decision of the US Supreme Court ________.
A. regards the fetus as a living person
B. allows the state to preserve the life of an unborn baby in the third trimester of pregnancy
C. makes abortion absolutely illegal
D. allows the state to prosecute women who cause injury or death to their fetuses
19. It can be inferred form this passage that South Carolina
A. has the harshest laws against pregnant women whose behavior harms their fetuses
B. treats all pregnant women alike regardless of their race
C. forbids pregnant women to do anything harmful to the fetus, including smoking and drinking
D. has the best protection for unborn babies
20. The Whitner ruling raises many issues EXCEPT
A. which group of pregnant women should be tested
B. which sorts of prenatal behavior will the state regulate
C. is there any discrimination against poor women
D. can the doctors get the right result of the test
Unit 15
Passage 1
Tradition dies hard in the US Senate, where members still sit at desks on the Senate floor that come with inkwells and blotting sand, while two brass spittoons stand ready near the podium at the front of the room. The Senate has carefully preserved these relics, much as it seems determined to preserve the institution's more recent tradition of hostility toward computers and the Internet.
In November, the Senate Rules Committee voted to deny a request by Senator Michael Enzi (R-Wyoming) for permission to use his laptop computer at his seat. Citing the Senate's overarching ban on the introduction of mechanical devices onto the floor, the Rules Committee reasoned that the sound of a tapping keyboard might distract other members from their august deliberative duties.
The decision might have been a quaint sideshow, were it not for the fact that it served as a kind of overture for Senator Dan Coats (R-Indiana), who then introduced legislation to reimpose government censorship on the Internet. His bill, S 1482, represent the Senate’s first real attempt to develop a successor to the failed Communications Decency Act, which was unanimously declared unconstitutional by the Supreme Court last summer.
Coats, a cosponsor of the original CDA, is on a mission to craft Net censorship legislation that can pass constitutional muster. He's gotten a boost from Senator John McCain (R-Arizona), who plans to hold hearings on "Internet decency"in February. Coats's bills, which targets only the Web - not email or chat rooms - would outlaw the commercial distribution of material that is"harmful to minors." Violators could face six months in jail and a US $50,000 fine.
Civil libertarians are in an uproar. Ann Beeson, a lawyer with the American Civil Liberties Union, says, "The court would reject the Coats bill for the same reason it rejected the original CDA - because it criminalizes speech that is protected among adults." Coats's revived effort to censor the Internet may carry on a Senate tradition, but only at the expense of forgetting a lot of recent history.
1. What is the writer's attitude toward government censorship on the Internet?
A. Approving.
B. Opposing.
C. Indifferent.
D. Detached.
2. On what grounds did the Senate reject Michael Enzi's request to use a laptop computer?
A. It was against the Senate's tradition.
B. It violated the Senate’s rules.
C. The computer's noise interfered with others' deliberation.
D. The computer was unnecessary to the performance of senators' duties.
3. On what grounds did the Supreme Court reject the Communications Decency Act?
A. It violated citizens' constitutional right to free speech.
B. It would do harm to the development of technology.
C. It forgot a lot of recent history.
D. It would hinder commercial distribution of information.
4. In what way is Coats' new bill different from the CDA?
A. It does not punish adults.
B. It deals with the Web only.
C. It does not touch on free speech.
D. It deals with commercial distribution of information only.
5. The phrase "die hard" (Line 1, Para 1) most probably means
A. cannot be changed because of great difficulty
B. die of old age or illness
C. have a strong desire for sth
D. too hard to die
Passage 2
Ecotourism is for those whose idea of fun is to sleep in a hut, carry their own rubbish and eat things that back home would be exterminated. But is it also for people who want to fly over a rainforest canopy before checking into a luxury hotel in the midst of a national park? Whatever ecotourism is, it is hot - perhaps too hot for its own good.
The tourism business is notorious for its somewhat questionable statistics. The World Tourism Organisation claims that the industry looked after 592 m travellers last year who spent $423 billion. Even if this pie is a little smaller than advertised, ecotourism seems to be the fastest-growing part of it. By the broadest measure (trips with some sort of nature or wilderness component), ecotourism already accounts for perhaps a third of these travellers. On a stricter definition favoured by the Ecotourism Society, a Vermont-based group, it is "responsible travel that conserves natural environments and sustains the well-being of local people", which accounts for no more than 5% of tourism.
Ecotourism is especially prominent in tourism's fastest-growing markets: southern Africa (which has attracted 18% more visits since 1990) and Latin America (which is up by 6%). It even dominates some markets. Kenya estimates that eight out often visitors come for the wildlife, as do most of Costa Rica's; these countries, along with Australia, are widely regarded as world leaders in ecotourism.
Ideally, ecotourism helps both people and nature. Until civil war intervened, Rwanda's Mountain Gorilla Project was one such model. Visits to the gorillas were rationed; local guides ensured good behaviour on the part of the humans, and the hefty admission charge - $170 a day - paid for salaries and habitat preservation. As this made the gorillas worth more alive than dead, poaching decreased.
6. The central idea of the first paragraph is
A. increasing popularity of ecotourism
B. the definition of ecotourism
C. the advantages of ecotourism
D. rainforest and ecotourism
7. We can infer from the second paragraph that
A. statistics provided by the tourism industry are not reliable
B. the tourism industry often exaggerates its business
C. tourism is the fastest-growing industry
D. there are great opportunities in the tourism industry
8. By a loose definition, ecotourism refers to
A. travel that conserves natural environments
B. travel that do good to the well-being of the local people
C. travel that includes some excursion into nature or wilderness
D. travel to a national park or a rainforest
9. Rwanda's Mountain Gorilla Project is cited in the passage as an example of
A. good ecotourism management
B. the rapid increase in ecotourism
C. the big profits reaped from ecotourism
D. responsible behavior on the part of ecotourists
10. Which one of the following countries can be regarded as an important market in ecotourism ________.
A. North Africa.
B. China.
C. Japan.
D. Costa Rica.
Passage 3
On Thursday American Airlines and US Airways announced an alliance to pool their frequent-flier programs, giving customers added incentives to fly one another's skies. Then on Friday Delta and United delivered word of a sort-of-but-not-quite coupling. These deals thrust the mush-scrutinized airline industry even more into the public spotlight. Airline profits are at record highs. Business fares are climbing into the stratosphere, up 16 percent last year alone. Now comes the consolidation sweeping the industry. The question is whether these deals will mean more choice and more convenience, as the airlines argue, or less competition or even higher prices.
Clearly consumers can benefit from these tie-ups. Passengers flying American or US Airways, for instance, can now use either carrier's network of 72 worldwide clubs and lounges. They can combine their frequent-flier awards, allowing them not only to build up redeemable miles more quickly but also cash them in to more destinations. American can plug into US Airways' deeper web of connections up and down the Eastern Seaboard; US Airways, with fewer routes to South America, the Caribbean and Europe, will be able to offer a greater array of international flights. In time, American and US Airways hope to create the more ambitious partnership - a so-called code-sharing agreement that would allow the two carriers to coordinate flight schedules without entering a full-fledged merger. The goal is "seamless service" - frequent flights, easy connections, greater choices of flying times and destinations - without having to change airlines.
Price is a wild card in these alliances. Consumer groups worry that they will reduce competition, translating in turn into higher fares. They could be right. Given the rapid trend toward consolidation, many analysts foresee a day when most major "hub" airports will be dominated by a single airline or consortium. A report last year by the General Accounting Office found that ticket prices, in such cases, ranged from 45 to 65 percent higher than at cities where two or more carriers competed. And just last week the Transportation Department announced it was investigating allegations of price-fixing by the major airlines - aimed at keeping smaller discount-carriers from intruding on their turf - and the Justice Department has begun similar probes. The message? Airlines may yearn to merge - but winning approval from skeptical authorities might be tougher than they expect.
11. Judging from the passage, the frequent-flier program is one by which ________.
A. people who have built up a certain number of flying miles with an airline will get
a free ticket
B. people who fly an airline frequently will get a discount
C. people who have built up a certain number of flying miles with an airline will get
a cash award
D. people who fly an airline frequently will get extra service
12. According to this passage, the federal government's attitude towards airline mergers
is one of ________.
A. encouragement
B. restriction
C. prohibition
D. approval
13. The expression "a wild card" in the last paragraph most probably means
A. a chief concern
B. an important factor
C. an unpredictable element
D. a necessary consequence
14. Which of the following statements is true?
A. Airline mergers will give rise to intense competition.
B. Consumers benefit from airline mergers.
C. Tie-ups between airlines seem to draw little public attention.
D. Ticket prices tend to be higher where there is only one carrier.
15. After the creation of the so called partnership of American and US Airways,
A. The two companies are considering the possibility of merger.
B. The price will decline in the near future.
C. It will be more convenient for passengers to fly their skies.
D. There will be no other competitors.
Passage 4
A decade ago Susic Makinster learned she might have a liver problem. Her doctors told her not to worry. So she didn't - until three years ago, when she was astonished to learn she had tested positive for hepatitis (肝炎) C, a blood-borne virus she had never heard of. Makinster, then 45, had been living with an infection that would likely stay with her for life and that could eventually destroy her liver and cause her death. Yet she had no idea how or when she had contracted the virus.
Hepatitis wasn't even discovered until 1989. Today an estimated 3.9 million Americans are infected, and most of them still don't know it. Like HIV, hepatitis is a slowacting virus that can be transmitted by shared needles and blood transfusions. But it is far more rampant. There is no vaccine to prevent its spread, and no reliable treatment. Some 75 percent of people who contract the virus will carry it for life; 20 percent will develop cirrhosis of the liver. Hepatitis is now the nation's leading reason for liver transplantation, and the second leading cause of cirrhosis (after alcohol). It will kill roughly 10,000 Americans this year - and that number is expected to triple over the next two decades, as more past infections come to light. Says Surgeon General David Satcher, "This is a major public health crisis."
Until treatment is less hit-or-miss, living with hepatitis
B. is also a good idea, since a dual infection can aggravate the disease. And preventing further spread requires some precautions. Experts are divided on the need to practise safe sex, since the virus is normally only in the blood. But they stress the importance of covering open wounds and not sharing razors and toothbrushes will be a matter of accommodation. Though most people who contracted the virus become chronically infected, many never develop advanced liver disease. That's partly luck, but not entirely. Giving up alcohol brightens the prognosis, and many sufferers tout the benefits of reducing
一．考研阅读的基本解题思路：（四步走） 第一，扫描提干，划关键项。 第二，通读全文，抓住中心。 1.通读全文，抓两个重点： ①首段（中心句、核心概念常在第一段，常在首段出题）； ②其他各段的段首和段尾句。（其他部分略读，有重点的读） 2.抓住中心，用一分半时间思考3个问题： ①文章叙述的主要内容是什么？ ②文章中有无提到核心概念？ ③作者的大致态度是什么？ 第三，仔细审题，返回原文。（仔细看题干，把每道题和原文的某处建立联系，挂起钩）定位原则： ①通常是由题干出发，使用寻找关键词定位原则。（关键词：大写字母、地名、时间、数字等） ②自然段定位原则。出题的顺序与行文的顺序是基本一致的，一般每段对应一题。 ★要树立定位意识，每一题、每一选项都要回到原文中某一处定位。 第四，重叠选项，得出答案。（重叠原文=对照原文） 1. 通过题干返回原文：判断四个选项，抓住选项中的关键词，把选项定位到原文的某处比较，重叠选项，选出答案。 2.作题练习要求：要有选一个答案的理由和其余三个不选的理由（高中的时候大家都这样做的） 二．阅读理解的解题技巧 1.例证题： ①例证题的标记。当题干中出现example, case, illustrate, illustration, exemplify 时。 ②返回原文，找出该例证所在的位置，既给该例子定位。 ③搜索该例证周围的区域，90%向上，10%向下，找出该例证支持的观点。例子周围具有概括抽象性的表达通常就是它的论点。 注意：举例的目的是为了支持论点或是为了说明主题句。举例后马上问这个例子说明了什么问题？不能用例子中的话来回答这个问题。 ④找出该论点，并与四个选项比较，得出选项中与该论点最一致的答案。 ⑤例证题错误答案设计的干扰特征经常是：就事论事。即用例子中的某一内容拉出来让你去选。 要求：在阅读中，遇到长的例子，立即给这个例子定位，即找出起始点，从哪开始到哪结束。 2.指代题： ①返回原文，找出出题的指代词。 ②向上搜索，找最近的名词、名词性短语或句子（先从最近点开始找，找不到再找次近的，一般答案不会离得太远）。 ③将找到的词、词组或句子的意思代入替换该指代词，看其意思是否通顺。 ④将找到的词、词组或句子与四个选项进行比较，找出最佳答案。 3. 词汇题：“搜索代入”法
新东方大学英语四级强化版——阅读理解 阅读文体分类 文科——作者的态度、观点与结论理科——文章客观事实的考核 一般议论文实验型 分类文章科技成果型 对比文章现象解释型 阅读理解基础 词汇量：300~400个 句子： 多重复合句 并列句：but，主语and主语 阅读题型 1. 主题题——对应文章的主题所在，题干有明显可辨认特征 特征：main——写作目的和标题 文章主题在第一、二段，段落主题在段落第一、二句以及末句 只要有development出现就是主题，history / predict / forecast出现极大可能不对 2. 细节题——占题目的绝大多数（80%）左右，对应文章细节部分的内容 Keyword关键词 名词：人名、具体年份、确切数字 动词 形容词、副词 上一题用过的词不要再用 3. 推理题——与细节题类似的一种题型，一般需要根据文章内容作简单推理 一般推理：imply、infer 指代题（refer）：it/them 4. 词汇题——考核对于英文词汇在句子中的含义或把握篇章里的寓意 构词 动词尾巴（副词和介词） 相似结构 5. 态度题——考查作者的写作态度或作者对于文章某描述内容的态度 方法：排除相同态度和非表态的选项，然后根据文章主题选择 态度词汇： 赞成：optimistic 反对：critical 中立：objective 非表态：arbitrary 6. 文章结构题——有部分四级文章属于节选文章，此题型考核对于文章结构和写作整体的理解 7. 应用题——给予文章以外的情况，要求套用文章当中的理论进行推理 阅读方式 扫描（scan） 主题词（theme word） 扫描的目的是用浏览全文的方法了解文章的大意和主题思想，并对文章的结构有个总的概念。扫描时，应特别注意文章的重点，以及篇章中的主题词（theme word），因为它们往往是出题的地方，解题的关键。
abreast: a.齐头并进的,并肩的,不落后于...的 acclaimed: a.深受赞誉和欢迎的 acclaim: v.喝彩,欢呼 address: v.对付,处理,着手解决,满足(需要) adhere: v.1.粘附 2.坚持固守 3.追随,拥护 adherence: n.1.坚持,遵守 2.依附,信奉 3.粘附 adjunct: n.1.附属物，辅助物 2.助手，副手 adversity: n.1、厄运，逆境，困境 2、痛苦，不幸，灾难 affect: v.模仿,喜欢采用,(故作姿态地)修习,培养 air: n.1.外观，神态 2.故作的姿态，架子 $$$all but(后接形容词或副词): adv.几乎(即等于almost) all but: 只是 $$$$all the more: adv.更加,越发,格外,愈发,尤其 allusion: n.1、暗指，间接提到 2、引用典故，典故 ambush: v.埋伏;n.伏兵,埋伏 ameliorate: v.改善，使变好 annexation: n.1.附加，并吞 2.附加物，合并物 anything more than: adv.不只是(即等于not merely) apparition: n.1.鬼怪，幽灵，幻影 2.（特异景象的）显现 appeal to: v.1.有感染力,有吸引力 2.求助于,诉诸于 apprehension: n.忧虑，担心，恐惧，疑惧;逮捕;理解 approach: v.（着手）处理，（开始）对付，对待，（着手）探讨;方法,策略appropriation: n.1.拨款，拨付 2.挪用，占用 3.合适 arbitrary: a.1.随心所欲的，个人武断的 2.反复无常的 3.专制的，任意的 archaic: a.1.古代的，古风的 2.古体的，陈旧的 architects: 建筑师 argument : n. 争论, 辩论, 论据, 论点, ～ (for,against), 意见 arid: a.1.干旱的，干燥的 2.不毛的，贫瘠的 article: n.1.文章，论文，报道 2.条款，规定 3.（物品的）一件，物件 artlessness: n.单纯，天真，自然，不矫揉造作 as + 形容词（或副词）+ as + 句子：此乃让步状语句式，表示“虽然” 或“尽管”之意，而两个“as”中的第一个亦可以省略as yet: adv.迄今为止 aspiration: n.强烈的愿望，志向，抱负 assassination: n.暗杀 assiduous: a.刻苦勤奋的 2.经常的,坚持不懈的 at a moment′s notice: prep.一俟通知马上就…
·第一篇：Youth 青春 Youth Youth is not a time of life; it's a state of mind; it's not a matter of rosy cheeks, red lips and supple knees; it's a matter of the will, a quality of the imagination, a vigor of the emotions; it's the freshness of the deep springs of life. Youth means a tempera-mental predominance of courage over timidity, of the appetite for the adventure over the love of ease. This often exists in a man of 60 more than of grows old merely by a number of years. We grow old by deserting our ideals. Years may wrinkle the skin, but to give up enthusiasm wrinkles the soul. Worry, fear ,self-distrust bows the heart and turns the spring back to dust. Whether 60 or 16 ,there is in every human being's heart the lure of wonder, the unfailing childlike appetite of what's next and
2020年12月英语四级仔细阅读答案（新东方版）2020年12月英语四级仔细阅读答案（新东方版） 提示：考试采取"多题多卷"模式，试题顺序不统一，请依据试题实行核对。 Passage One 56. A) Its success is hard to copy anywhere else. 57. B) Lack of the right kind of talents. 58. A) Its location is not as attractive to rich people. 59. D) It is an old city with many sites of historical interest. 60. C) They can do more than providing money. Passage Two 61. C) It may prevent your business and career from advancing. 62. B) Encourage people to disagree and argue. 63. A) To find out the truth about an issue. 64. D) They take care not to hurt each other’s feelings. 65. D) Acknowledge their contribution. 相关推荐： 2020年12月英语四级真题及答案专题 2020年12月英语六级真题及答案专题
2020年12月英语四级成绩查询专题2020年12月英语六级成绩查询专题
生而为赢——新东方英语背诵美文30篇创建时间：2006-8-11 16:36:00 第三十篇：First Inaugural Address (Excerpts) John F. Kennedy We observe today not a victory of party, but a celebration of freedom, symbolizing an end, as well as a beginning, signifying renewal, as well as change. For I have sworn before you and almighty God the same solemn oath our forbears prescribed nearly a century and three quarters ago. …… In your hands, my fellow citizens, more than mine, will rest the final success or failure of our cause. Since this country was founded, each generation of Americans has been summoned to give testimony to its national loyalty The graves of young Americans, who answered the caI1 to service, surround the globe. Now the trumpet summons us again, not as a cal1 to bear arms, though arms we need, not as a call to battle, though in battle we are, but a call to bear the burden of a long, twilight struggle, year in and year out, rejoicing in hope, patient in tribulation, a struggle against the common enemies of man: tyranny poverty disease, and war itself Can we forge against these enemies a grand and global alliance, North and South, East and West, that can assure a more fruitful life for all mankind? Will you join in that historic effort? In the long history of the world, only a few generations have been granted the role of defending freedom in its hour of maximum danger. I do not shrink from this responsibility I welcome it. I do not believe that any of us would exchange places with any other people, or any other generation. The energy the faith, the devotion, which we bring to this endeavor, will light our country and all who serve it, and the glow from that fire can truly light the world. And so my fellow Americans, ask not what your country can do for you, ask what you can do for your country. My fellow citizens of the world, ask not what America will do for you, but what together we can do for the freedom of men. Finally whether you are citizens of A1nerica, or citizens of the world, ask of us here, the same high standards of strength and sacrifice which we ask of you. With a good conscience our only sure reward, with history the final judge of our deeds, let us go forth to lead the land we love, asking His blessing and His help, but knowing that here on earth, God's work must truly be our own. NOW：注册即可免费打电话，免费赠送正版江民杀毒软件HOT 使用方法： 1，点击校园梦网客户端下载链接，下载客户端软件，安装
原文分为：passage ,paragraph ,sentence ,word 四个部分 题干：在阅读中充当路标的作用 选项分为：正确选项与错误选项。其中，错误选项又可分为干扰选项与SB选项 杯弓蛇影——偷梁换柱、移花接木、以偏概全——消减方法： 将选项中的概念及其最大的概念组合，与原文一一对应。 解释：分析选项的主谓宾，或找选项中的动作，找出发出动作的主体与作用的对象。然后回到原文中一一对应，千万不要关注文章中与选项中出现的一两个一样的单词，避免出现连连看的错误。不要过多注意sentence，而要注意the sense that the sentence make。 阅读做题方法： 1．阅读题干，合理推测文章大意 2．重点阅读第一题，回原文重点阅读首段，定位第一题 3．依次定位各题目，根据不同类型进入各题型解题方式 文章体裁与题材 体裁：议论，说明，记叙 题材：商业经济，文化教育，社会伦理，科学普及 Word 考点： 1．一词多意——词汇同义替换 e.g. https://www.doczj.com/doc/2219013258.html,te 与fallen 在某些语境中介可表示“已故的” 2.remove 与extranet在某些语境中介可表示“提取” 3.mobiel phone 与terminal在某些语境中介可表示“终端机” 2．词性活用 e.g. 1. A profit. A赚钱了。此处profit名词做动词用，译作“赚钱” 2.prower ，名词作动词用，表示“给……充电”，如：A powers B. A给B 充电。 Sentence考点： 七种句子结构：主干隔离、并列句、定语从句、非谓语动词和独立主格、强调和倒装、虚拟语气、同位语和插入语 定语从句 作用： 1.修饰和限定名词，多由分词和非谓语动词替代。 e.g. The method developed for the oil and gas industry. 2.连接两个具有共同名词的句子 e.g. I have three books of which the red is my favorite. 3.表示因果关系 e.g. The A and the B is fighting on the bridge of which they both falling into the river. 可拆分为：They both falling into river off the bridge. ※处理定语从句时，多用拆分的方法，拆分时在介词或关联词处 主干隔离： ※主干：主+谓、主+谓+宾、主+谓+宾+宾、主+谓+宾+宾补、主+系+表 主干隔离：主语和谓语之间以及谓语与宾语之间加入东西，所形成的语法现象 消解主干隔离的方法： ○1句子开头第一个独立名词为句子主语，应该与和其匹配的动词在一起，中间部分跳过 独立名词：前面没有介词或关系词 E.g. That Kevin is a good man is a truth.因为Kevin前有that 的存在，故不是句子的主语，主语是that引导的定语从句。
如何从托福小白到大白(●—●) 托福分手大师 二零一五年叁月
大师想说话： 最近《超能陆战队》了，然后“暖男”大白也了，大师也希望你能找到专属于你的大白，陪伴你走过艰辛的托福备考路程。一路有你，一路有大师。^_^ 这篇文章是大师花时间写的，所以，也希望你能认真看完，你肯定会有收获的。 针对的对象是：对托福考试零认知，或者刚刚开始背单词，又或者你被论坛五花八门的资料贴搞得头大，被培训机构天花乱坠的保分广告砸晕。 大师想说的话都在这里了，很多内容可能毁你三观，但是希望你能客观地去思考，当然，大师说的你也可以不同意，只要你能说出理由，欢迎跟大师讨论！ 入门篇： “单词背什么，怎么背” 首先声明，积累单词最有效的方法一定是通过长期的阅读积累，但为了短期的考试需求，我们不得不退而求其次，选择短期突击的方法。出于应试目的的背单词应该是高频率重复，单次消耗时间短，重复次数多，利用碎片时间背。 单词书选择： 大师推荐： 如果你喜欢纸质书：李笑来《新托福iBT词汇21天突破》+王玉梅《TOEFL 词汇》（两本都需用，单本词汇量太少）。 如果你能习惯电子版或者网页、app背单词：朗播词汇（网页＋APP），全部词汇来自真题。 免费下载pdf：https://www.doczj.com/doc/2219013258.html,/Information/Download/Files/3；（你也可以自己转成word版打印） 你看到这，可能会有两个疑问： 1.大师为啥推荐朗播词汇？ 大师明确告诉你，词汇书没有一本权威的，只是一定要弄清词源，单词书应该选择选词准确的，来源于考试真题是唯一选词标准。市面上大多数词汇书都是作者yy出来的，红宝书也不例外。 2.朗播词汇跟乐词、扇贝、百词斩有啥优势？
【具体谈谈技巧——语言技巧】 以下主要针对看图作文！ 1，建议文中，要有多种语法现象，不能简单地只有简单句和定语状语从句。要明确一点的是，即使您的语法不是很过关，也不要紧，只要您能够会用套话就可以啦，呵呵~建议文中有感叹句，反问句，强调据，倒装句，状语从句，排比句，和强调结构。比如: 看图作文，what a *** picture！ 反问句，在论述现象的段尾加上一句，can‘t we improve the situattion？ 在用于否定句的时候，可以将don’t写为do not，当然，不能每处都这样用，否则就没有意义了。 倒装，only in this way或者only by doing this 排比，make sth adj，adj and adj，用三个相近的形容词。 2，词汇和词组要多变！ 我认为，主要是在两方面， a，同义词的替换，比如，picture和cartoon等，如果这种词第二次出现就用cartoon替换掉，第三次出现就用drawing替换掉 b，同义词组，比如a number of n等于 n.+in growning number（不太确定啦！） 3，对于意思的表达要尽量的简单，否则是给自己带来难度。也就是说谈一些大家都明白的道理，而不要过分的谈一些逻辑很清晰的话，我所说就是大道理，比如老人不被儿女赡养，这些儿女就得不到社会和朋友的尊重，是非常简单描述的，而不要说其他难于表述的话。 总之，我是在抛砖引玉，希望各位多谈一些这样的话题和经典的套句，哪怕是增加字数也好，还有就是我们并不推荐那些对作文写作有较好把握的网友写这种模版作文，所以这个帖子只是针对部分网友。但是即使您不认可，我相信您也会从其中找出适合自己的增加字数的好句子，呵呵~~ 【具体谈谈技巧——英语的作文必需要强加联系，建议在作文中多加强以下内容】 1，段落安排（最新的2010年考研的作文体例，土纸并不太清楚，如果不对，请各位朋友见谅，希望能够汲取有价值的信息，土纸就不枉发这么多的新内容了） 无论大作文还是小作文，一般采取3-4段，总字数除以10或者12、13，一般是需要写的所有句子总数。对于重点写作的第二段（3段制）或者第三段（4段制），需要写的句子自然要多一些。对于第一段，建议不超过2句，最多不要超过三句，如果一句话那就更好了。例如，大作文，看图，第一段可以是一个感叹句，what a ◎◎ picture！ 第二段，表达自己的观点和看法；……等等，我就不赘述了。 2，句子安排 建议重点段落，长段落，利用长短句来构造段落结构，更直白点讲，长句式和短句式交错，长句式一般是从句，短句式可以是简单的主谓宾结构。 3，语法在作文中的重要作用 建议作文中，多利用语法现象体现英语写作的文采。一般来讲，语法是与句子结合使用的。对于长句式，多采用从句，这里可以利用虚拟语气，形式主语，倒装等。 对于短句式，建议使用强调句，双重否定居，插入语等。对于强调句，土纸强烈推荐一种强调句，对于实意动词做谓语的句子，如果想要强调，表达强烈的主观意愿，肯定句使用do +V动词，否定居采用do +not+V动词，进行这种助动词强调。 插入语，一般比较常用的是，主语 +，+ I think + ，+谓语等。 建议句子中利用不同的简单句，尤其建议使用疑问句，这个要多多练习，其实也不难使用。疑问句可以在一段之末，作为起承转合之用，下一段利用一个回答，起到承接。 其实语法现象很多，只要善于使用从句(建议状语从句一次，定语从句不超过三次，条件从
Youth Youth is not a time of life; it is a state of mind; it is not a matter of rosy cheeks, red lips and supple knees; it is a matter of the will, a quality of the imagination, a vigor of the emotions; it is the freshness of the deep springs of life. Youth means a temperamental predominance of courage over timidity, of the appetite for adventure over the love of ease. This often exists in a man of 60 more than a boy of 20. Nobody grows old merely by a number of years. We grow old by deserting our ideals. Years may wrinkle the skin, but to give up enthusiasm wrinkles the soul. Worry, fear, self-distrust bows the heart and turns the spirit back to dust. Whether 60 or 16, there is in every human being’s heart the lure of wonders, the unfailing appetite for wh at’s next and the joy of the game of living. In the center of your heart and my heart, there is a wireless station; so long as it receives messages of beauty, hope, cheer, courage and power from man and from the infinite, so long as you are young. When your aerials are down, and your spirit is covered with snows of cynicism and the ice of pessimism, then you’ve grown old, even at 20; but as long as your aerials are up, to catch waves of optimism, there’s hope you may die young at 80. 译文： 青春 青春不是年华，而是心境；青春不是桃面、丹唇、柔膝，而是深沉的意志，恢宏的想象，炙热的恋情；青春是生命的深泉在涌流。 青春气贯长虹，勇锐盖过怯弱，进取压倒苟安。如此锐气，二十后生而有之，六旬男子则更多见。年岁有加，并非垂老，理想丢弃，方堕暮年。 岁月悠悠，衰微只及肌肤；热忱抛却，颓废必致灵魂。忧烦，惶恐，丧失自信，定使心灵扭曲，意气如灰。 无论年届花甲，拟或二八芳龄，心中皆有生命之欢乐，奇迹之诱惑，孩童般天真久盛不衰。人人心中皆有一台天线，只要你从天上人间接受美好、希望、欢乐、勇气和力量的信号，你就青春永驻，风华常存。、
沈阳新东方VIP管理中心 PASSAGE-1 May the first is an important date in the college admission process in the United States. This is the last day for high school seniors to accept or reject offers of admission in the fall. But according to a recent report, there is a great change. Acceptance rates at the top colleges this year were lower than ever. 71 These days, college applicants are applying to more colleges because online and common applications make the process easier. 72 On the other hand, deciding students for top colleges to accept can be difficult because it takes much time. Students may not like being put on waiting lists. Also, common colleges work more to get the students they accept to accept them. Some colleges hold visiting days that offer a chance to attend classes and stay overnight. Some universities send gifts. 73 For many families, the most important thing colleges can do is to show them the money, and especially this year; the weak economy makes parents nervous. 74 The recent problems that sprea d from the housing market to credit markets have even affected student‘s loans. So lately, top schools have to spare lots of money to increase their financial aid for students. 75 The Education Department expects the number of high school graduates to start to go down. This will happen as the last of the children of the baby boom generation finish high schools. The number is not expected to start rising again until 2015. A. Besides, top colleges are facing changes in the population. B. What contributes to it? C. But a mistake can be costly if it happens. D. But top colleges ignore them. E. They have international students who know English. F. It can mean several acceptances to choose from. G. They cannot afford college as planned.
人人都能用英语读书笔记 关键在于“用”，以“熟悉”代替“钻研”。开场白 1、大脑是可塑的，成年人是可以学习第二语言的理论基础。 Taub 教授CI 疗法的成功首先证明区域论是错误的（至少不是完全正确的）——大脑可以重新组织自己；其次证明大脑自始至终都是可塑的，甚至可以重组——即，用一个新的脑图完成原本由受损的脑图完成的功能；最后证明的也是最重要的：脑图之间存在着相互竞争——所以，为了治好受损的右臂，要先把未受损的左臂给限制住。如果不把未受损的左臂给限制住的话，那么左臂的脑图将永远处于优势，进而，使得大脑对已经受损的右臂产生“习得之弃用”（Learned Nonuse） 这最后一条可以用来清楚地解释原本用“关键期论”错误地解释的现象：为什么成年后学习第二语言显得更为困难？ 成年之后，第二语言学习显得更为困难的原因并不在于关键期论所说的“此后大脑不再可塑”，而实际上在于这是第二语言所使用的脑图要与已经形成强大势力的母语脑图竞争——当然越来越难。然而，恰恰是这样的认识给了人们希望。目前，有很多教育学家开始提倡“浸泡式学习”，有一定的依据，也有相当的效果。所谓“浸泡式学习”，就是在特定的时间、特 定的环境里，强迫学生只使用第二语言，禁止使用母语，进而刺激大脑加速构建新的脑图。风靡全球的罗赛塔石碑语言学习软体（Rosetta Stone9）就是基于这个原理开发出来的。 对于第二语言习得者来说，最直观、最有意义的好消息是：1) 什么时候开始学都不晚；2) 只要方法得当，并加以时日，一定能学好。在学习这件事儿是，相信自己一定能学好，并不一定保证真的能够学好；但是，反过来，如果相信自己不可能学好，那最终真的就不可能学好。所谓“自证预言”（Self-fulfilling prophecy10）就是这样，总是在负面起作用。事实上，“语言习得关键期”之说四十多年来在全球造成了难以估计的恶果，不计其数的人在不经意之间把“假说”当成了“定论”，相信自己不可能学好，进而成为“自证预言”注定的受害者。“我没天分”、“我就学不好”、“英语太难了”之类的话，甚至这类的念头，其实都是强大的诅咒。 2、短期内学好英语对一个正常的人来说是一个可行的目标。 我们衡量一个目标是否现实，有一个特别简单而又朴实的判断标准——“有没有人成功过？”如果答案为真，为了确定那不是小概率事件，还可以进一步问“是不是有很多人成功？”如果这次的答案还为真，那么这就是个现实可行的目标。习得第二语言就是这样一个现实而又可行的目标。 进而，习得第二语言本质上来看，相对于其他任何领域都更多依赖积累，更少依赖天分的学科。对大多数人来说，语言只是工具；学习语言几乎无需创意，因为它只是最终用来表达创意的东西而已。学一门外语理论上来讲应该比学计算机容易多了：计算机技术总是日新月异，每个领域都有更高更陡峭的学习曲线；而学外语则不同，它是越学越简单的东西，语法知识总有一天可以学完，单词总有一天不用再背，而不停地读书，实际上已经不是在学习英语了，而是在享用工具。
高考英语阅读理解高分技巧 考英语试题中阅读理解部分是英语语言测试的重点，同时也是很多考生特别头疼并且容易失分的部分。那么，怎样才能在有限的时间里和紧张的环境下成为得分高手呢？ 在有限的时间内要在英语考试中成为阅读理解的“得分高手”，就要牢记以下要点： 第一、事实题——“鹦鹉学舌”。即根据文章中作者的思路和意图来做题，不要自己主观臆断。阅读理解试题中大部分题型都是对文章细节，段落事实的考查。这类题目的分值在阅读理解中所占的比重是最高的，一般在60%左右。因此把握住这类题目是得分的关键。此类题目又可分为两类，一类是直接考查事实题，另一类是判断正误题。这类题需要考生掌握文中的信息，对所列出的选项作出判断。如果题目是“not true”，“not right”或“not mentioned”，也就是“3正1误”，经常可以使用排除法，挑出其中与文章不符的一项即可，既快又准。 第二、猜测词意题——“瞻前顾后”。做此类题时不能只注重词语的表面意思，或是单凭自己的印象来做题，而是要回归原文，注重语境和情境，这样即使是面对不认识或不太理解的词语也不会束手无策。 第三、推理判断题——“去伪存真”。这类题目的设置经常使用“What can we infer from the text？”，“What can we know…？”或“What does the passage mainly talk about？”等设问，难点在于可能有多个选项都是正确的，但只有一个
最符合题意。解决此类题的关键是“去伪存真，”排除看似正确却不符合题意的选项。 第四、选择标题——“切中主题”。此类题型考查考生对文章的领悟和概括能力。所选文章题目应能涵盖文章内容，体现主题，即不能“太大”，也不可“太小”或过于片面。 综上所述，面对阅读理解，我们的目标是相对容易的事实题不丢分，其他题型多拿分。由此可见，良好的心态，严密的思考，适当的方法，必将促进考生阅读成绩的全面提高。
复旦历史地理学考研经验
————————————————————————————————作者: ————————————————————————————————日期: ?
201５年复旦大学历史地理学考研经验分享 今天登陆了复旦大学的研究生报考系统，看到自己已经被拟录取了,算是吃下了定心丸。虽然之前也打过电话确认过，但总感觉不踏实。如今大局已定，那就写写自己的经验，给后辈们一个参考吧。 先说说我自己，我于2011年毕业于上海政法学院,本科专业是行政管理。所以考复旦史地所,基本上是跨学校、跨专业、跨届别,算一种另类的三跨生。在决定考研以前,我在NGO行业工作,算上全职实习的话,工作年限是2010年10月至２０13年11月,整整三年光阴。 相信很多人都会奇怪,既然已经工作了,而且历史地理又不是本专业，那为什么会选择考这个,而且还是复旦的史地所。这个待我慢慢道来…… 一、兴趣是最好的老师 虽然我本科学的不是史地专业,但是从小到大，地理和历史一直是我最感兴趣的两门学科。在感兴趣的同时,我这两门课的成绩也很好，尤其是地理这一门(高考选科选的就是它）。好到什么程度？只要是考试，第一名肯定是我,班级第一、全校第一、全区第一。而且并不自夸,高中地理我并没有刻苦学习,只是很平常的用功,更多的功夫放在了语数外三门主课上了。至于说为什么不选历史,那纯粹是因为选历史拿不了高分。考地理一般我都可以在140分左右，历史要拿这个分数就会比较辛苦了。如此而已。 说这些陈年旧事，本意并不是想往自己的脸上贴金，而是想向大家说明在历史和地理学科上，我是有很浓厚的兴趣和底子在的。这一点对之后的考研复习意义重大。 二、奇烂无比的英语 为啥地理可以拿那么高的分，大学却只考了一个二本(而且还是二本二流)?大家一定有疑惑。其实答案非常简单,因为我主课不大好，尤其是英语！英语啊！～～~～我高考英语不!及!格!只考了８3分啊亲们。 英语不好是从初二开始的，然后延及整个高中,直到大学毕业都没有任何好转。大学四级我是425分压线过,而且考了三次，六级则只有300多分。所以其实英语是我最大的短板。 大三的时候身边许多同学都有考研的打算，而我直接放弃，考研这个念头连动都没动过。之所以如此,就是因为这块短板。我心里清楚得很，有它在,考研是１00%没门的。 三、为什么工作后再选择考研？ 哪有为啥工作了以后选择考研呢?这个就和自己的经历有关了。 高考填志愿选专业，现在想想那时候挺幼稚的,想着考公务员,也为了以后找工作方便，就报了行政管理这个专业。大学后参加了很多实践(包括学生会这类），发现自己对公务员体制以及风格比较抵触，自己也并非混官场的人,所以便放弃了考公务员这条路。 所以到了大四毕业,就找了和公务员系统有那么些类似的NＧO机构工作,既有利于社会公益,但又不属于体制,可以兼顾服务社会的理想和远离体制的决心。
2020年新东方大学英语六级写作背诵作文范文精选 21篇(二十) 20.Is Failure a Bad Thing? Failure is what often happens. It is everywhere in our life. Students may fail in exams, scientists may fail in their research work, and athletes may fail in competitions. Although failure happens to everyone, attitudes towards failure are various. Some people don't think their failure is a very important thing at all. So they pay no attention to it. As a result, they will have the same failure a period later. Some people think themselves are fools and lose their hearts in everything after they get a failure. Consequently, they spend their time and energy on useless things and they may really be fools as they have thought. Other people are quite different from the two kinds of people mentioned above. Instead of being distressed and lost, they draw a lesson from every failure and become more experienced. After hard work, they will be successful in the end. It is said that failure is the mother of success. Success will be gained after times of failures so long as we are good at drawing lesson from our failures. In my opinion, failure is not a bad thing, the really bad thing is taking a failure as failure or even lose our heart after failure.