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高一英语专题培优——阅读理解解题技巧考纲解读：阅读理解是英语考试中的一个重要题型，分值高、题量大。
阅读理解考查的根本是检验学生对有关信息的搜集、加工能力。
新的高中英语教学大纲明确规定："侧重提高阅读能力"。
英语考试大纲规定，考生应能：(1) 理解主旨和要义；(2) 理解文中具体信息；(3) 根据上下文推断生词的词义；(4) 做出简单判断和推理；（5）理解文章的基本结构；（6）理解作者的意图、观点和态度。
命题探究：一．选材特点：广东省高考阅读理解解题选材，一般遵循三个原则：1.文章一般为4篇，阅读量在2500个单词左右；2.题材广泛，包括科普、社会、文化、政治、经济等多方面内容；3.体裁多样，包括记叙文、说明文、应用文、论述文等。
二．题目类型：高考中的阅读理解一般分为四大类：细节题、猜词题、推断题以及主旨题三．题目特点：1.无论哪一类题都一定能在文中找到依据。
2.每篇文章的5个小题正确答案的关键信息按照短文出现的先后顺序依次排列。
如第2题的关键信息点在第二段中，那么第3题的关键信息点很可能就会在第三段中，而在第一段的可能性就很小。
主旨大意题和写作目的题一般都安排在第5小题。
阅读水平的提高不是一两天的阅读就可以见效的。
想要提高阅读能力，一是要培养良好的阅读行为习惯提高分数技巧：1. 抓好限时训练同学们可以通过限时训练有计划、循序渐进地提高自己的阅读速度。
做阅读理解训练时，尝试在原文中划出答案出处，这能帮助我们在阅读时以文章为依据，而不凭空猜想。
2. 养成良好的阅读习惯同学们在平时训练时要养成良好的阅读习惯。
首先要避免“指读”。
很多学生喜欢用手或笔指着文字读，这种阅读习惯容易使思维停留在手指着的局部单词上，会阻碍对中心思想的理解。
而且这种方法比默读慢得多，会影响阅读的速度。
其次要避免出声阅读。
嘴唇随着文字而蠕动或发出细小的声音都会大大地影响阅读速度。
还要避免过多地停顿回读。
在阅读过程中由于对某个词语或句子不太明白，眼睛过多地重复同一个词语或句子，这样既影响阅读速度，又影响对文章的连贯理解和较好地获取中心意思，而且易使眼睛和大脑疲劳。
一、高考英语阅读细节题三步法：第一步，初步读题干，弄清楚关键词所在位置和明确答题方向第二步，迅速定位和找出题干关键词相关的近义词，反义词或者解释性信息，最好明确句间逻辑关系和段间逻辑关系（因果，递进，解释，转折，对比，比较等关系）第三步，利用正确选项特点，确定答案(明确近义词替换原文信息，关注变换原文语态词性或词形，简化或概括原文，正话反说)二、高考英语阅读细节题三步法带练Key railway stations in EnglandSt Pancras InternationalLocated in London's city center on Euston Road, St Pancras International is one of the leading terminals (终点站) for Eurostar international train services from London to France, Belgium and the Netherlands.St Pancras station was established in 1868 and is one of the masterpieces of Victorian engineering. It impresses people with Victorian Gothic architecture and is one of the world's most elegant railway stations.Paddington railway stationPaddington railway station is also known as Paddington Underground Station. Situated in Paddington, central London, the station is close to Marylebone and Bayswater. Paddington was opened in 1838 and is the London terminal of services operated by the Great Western Railway. King's Cross railway stationLocated on the edge of Central London in the UK, King's Cross station, or London King's Cross, is one of the country's busiest stations. It was opened in 1845 and named in honor of King George IV.Today, London King's Cross is one of the main hubs (中心) of the UK railway routes, connecting many major cities, including Edinburgh, Inverness, York, Cambridge, Newcastle, Glasgow and many other domestic routes. What's more, the famous Harry Potter platform 9³/ ₄is set on London's King's Cross station.Liverpool Lime Street railway stationLiverpool Lime Street is the central railway station in Liverpool, England. Established in 1836, the station is the oldest still-in-use grand terminal mainline station in the world. Plus, the building itself is quite impressive; its front was designed in the Renaissance Revival style.Trips from Liverpool Lime Street cover plenty of destinations across England, Wales and Scotland. And being the busiest station in Liverpool, it serves over 16 million passengers a year.1. Which station was put in use the latest of all?A. St Pancras International.B. Paddington railway station.C. King's Cross railway station.D. Liverpool Lime Street railway station.第一步，初步读题干，弄清楚关键词所在位置和明确答题方向1.Which station was put in use the latest of all?哪一个车站投入使用的最晚?第二步，迅速定位和找出题干关键词相关的近义词，反义词或者解释性信息，最好明确句间逻辑关系和段间逻辑关系（因果，递进，解释，转折，对比，比较等关系）St Pancras station was established in 1868and is one of the masterpieces of Victorian engineering. It impresses people with Victorian Gothic architecture and is one of the world's most elegant railway stations.圣潘克拉斯车站建于1868年，是维多利亚时代工程的杰作之一。
高中英语阅读理解细节理解题40题1.Which of the following is NOT mentioned in the passage?A. Thing 1B. Thing 2C. Thing 3D. Thing 4答案：D。
本题考查对文章细节的理解。
在原文中依次提到了Thing 1、Thing 2 和Thing 3，而Thing 4 没有提及。
2.According to the passage, what is the main reason for something?A. Reason 1B. Reason 2C. Reason 3D. Reason 4答案：B。
原文中明确指出主要原因是Reason 2，其他选项Reason 1、Reason 3 和Reason 4 在文中并未提及是主要原因。
3.The author mentioned all of the following details EXCEPT _.A. Detail 1B. Detail 2C. Detail 3D. Detail 4答案：D。
文章中详细描述了Detail 1、Detail 2 和Detail 3，而Detail 4 并没有被提及。
4.What can we know from the passage about a certain person?A. Fact 1B. Fact 2C. Fact 3D. Fact 4答案：C。
根据文章内容，关于这个人我们可以知道Fact 3，而Fact 1、Fact 2 和Fact 4 与文章内容不符。
5.Which statement is TRUE according to the passage?A. Statement 1 is true.B. Statement 2 is true.C. Statement 3 is true.D. Statement 4 is true.答案：B。
高一英语阅读理解主旨大意与细节题单选题40题1. The passage mainly talks about the development of artificial intelligence in recent years. Which of the following best summarizes the main idea?A. The history of artificial intelligence.B. The current situation and future trends of artificial intelligence development.C. The inventors of artificial intelligence.D. The application of artificial intelligence in daily life.答案：B。
解析：文章主要讲述的是近年来人工智能的发展，A选项只提到了历史，过于片面；C选项文中未提及人工智能的发明者；D选项日常生活中的应用只是人工智能发展的一部分，不能完全概括主旨，而B选项当前情况和未来趋势能较好地概括文章主旨。
2. A passage is about the new achievements in space exploration technology. Which one is the main idea?A. The difficulties in space exploration technology.B. The new space exploration technologies and their significance.C. The cost of space exploration technology.D. The countries involved in space exploration technology.答案：B。
英语阅读理解细节题的解题技巧一、语义转换题——跳读查找法这是做事实细节题最基本也是最常用的方法。
在通常情况下，细节题主要考查考生对某句话或某几句话的理解，同学们若能根据题干内容从原文中找到相关的句子，然后进行比较和分析，便可确定最佳答案。
运用跳读查找法时，同学们要特别注意试题(包括选项)与原文之间的适当变换。
根据近几年的考题情况来看，现在很少有直接用原文中的句子进行考查和测试的，而通常要进行一定的处理。
而这种“处理”主要就是指进行语义转换，其中包括同义变换、概念解析、归纳事实等。
请看下面的例子(重庆高考英语试题)：“My kids really understand solar and earth-heat energy，” says a second-grade teacher in Saugus，California.“Some of them are building solar collectors for their energy course.” These young scientists are part of City Building Educational Program(CBEP)，a particular program for kindergarten through twelfth grade that uses the stages of city planning to teach basic reading，writing and math skills，and more.The children dont just plan any city. They map and analyze(分析) the housing，energy，and transportation requirements of their own district and foretell its needs in 100 years. With the aid of an architect(建筑师) who visits the classroom once a week，they invent new ways to meet these needs and build models of their creations.“Designing buildings of the future gives children a lot of freedom，”says the teacher who developed this program.“They are able to use their own rich imagination and inventions without fear of blame，because there are no wrong answers ina future context. In fact，as the class enters the final model-building stage of the program，an elected official and planning group make all the design decisions for the model city，and the teacher steps back and becomes an adviser.”CBEP is a set of activities，games and imitations that teach the basic steps necessary for problem-solving：observing，analyzing，working out possible answers，and judging them based on the childrens own standards.1. An architect pays a weekly visit to the classroom________ .A. to find out kids creative ideasB. to discuss with the teacherC. to give children lecturesD. to help kids with their program2. Who is the designer of the program?A. An official.B. An architect.C. A teacher.D. A scientist.【解题分析】1.选 D。
2021年地区高考英语阅读理解文章的细节理解8例一篇文章有了话题〔topic〕，确定了要表达的中心思想〔main idea〕，还必须通过许多细节的信息来进一步解释或者表达主题，表达中心思想。
弄懂这些细节，对于理解全文的作用是不容无视的，也是归纳、概括文章中心思想的根底。
因此，在高考命题中往往会要求考生根据不同的要求，阅读文章以获得某些特定的信息或者准确地寻找所需的细节。
这类考题可以是比拟直接的，理解字面意义就可以答题；但也可能是比拟间接的，要通过归纳、综合或者推理才能答题。
例1Tom Brenna was working in a Philadelphia office building when he noticed a black bag. The bag contained a book.This chance discovery ended a 12-day search by the Library Company of Philadelphia for a historical treasure –a 120-page diary kept 190 years a go by Deborah Logan, “a woman who knew everybody in her day,〞James Green, the librarian told the magazine American Libraries.Most of the diary is a record of big events in Philadelphia. It is also includes a description of British soldiers burning Washington, D.C. in the war of 1812. She describes President James Madison on horseback as “perfectly shaking with fear〞during the troubled days. George Washington, she writes, mistook her for the wife of a French man, and praised her excellent English.The adventure of the lost book began September 4 when Cory Luxmoore arrived from England to deliver the diary of his ancestor (祖先) to the library Company, which he and his wife considered to be best home for the diary.Green told American Libraries he had the diary in his possession “about five minutes〞when Luxmoore took it back because he had promised to show it to one other person. On returning his hotel after showing the precious book to Green, Luxmoore was shocked to realise that he had left it in the taxi.Without any delay, Green began calling every taxi company in the city, with no luck. “I’ve felt sick since then,〞Luxmoore told reporters.According to Green, no one has yet learned how the diary came to the office building. Tom Brennan received a reward of $1,000, Philadelphia gained another treasure for hit history. And Luxmoore told reporters, “It’s wonderful news. I’m on high.〞1. From the text, we learn that the diary is now owned by _______.A. Tom BrennaB. an unknown personC. a Philadelphia magazineD. the library Company of Philadelphia2. Philadelphia is thought to be the best home for the diary because ________.A. it was written in PhiladelphiaB. it tells stories about PhiladelphiaC. people in the city are interested in old thingsD. the British and Americans once fought in Philadelphia3. Which of the following shows the right order of what happened to the diary?a. Tom Brennan found the book in an office buildingb. The book was shown to James Greenc. Cory Luxmoore arrived from Englandd. The book was left behind in a taxiA. a, b, c, dB. c, b, d, aC. a, c, d, bD. c, a, b, d注释：第3小题是掌握文章细节的第一种情况，即获取信息是比拟直接的，理解字面意义就可以答题，正确答案显然是B.第1和2 小题属掌握文章细节的第二种情况，即信息获取是比拟间接的，要通过归纳、综合或者推理才能答题。
英语阅读理解细节题有哪些特点细节分为两大类：1、主要细节支持一段话的中心，对中心有直接作用，一般通过事例，数据，原因和定义等形式出现。
2、次要细节对中心的发展起间接作用。
3、正确答案的特点与原文情节表达手法不同，但所表达的意思相同。
目前高考英语试题中，很少可以从文章中直接找到答案的题。
4、干扰选项的特点①是原文信息，但与题目要求不符；②符合常识，但不符合原文内容；③与原文情节极为相似，只是在程度上有些变动；④选项中所提供的信息部分正确，部分错误；⑤在意思上与原文大相径庭甚至完全相反。
5、设问方式细节常考5ws：why, who, when, where, what等。
细节性题常用疑问词来提问，如：who, what, where, which, why, how many, when等。
除此之外，常见的提问方式还有：1. Which of the following is (not) mentioned?2. The writer mentions all of the following EXCEPT___________.3. According to the passage, which of the following statements is correct?4. Which of the following statements is not TRUE?5. Choose the right order of the events given in the passage.6、解题指导一般来说，解这类题要从两个方面入手：一是题干，二是选项。
题干特点：一般可以把题干分为定位信息和关键信息，前者告诉读者到哪里去寻找(主要是时间、地点等或某个从句)，后者告诉读者这个问题是关于什么的。
比如：What did the writer think after the kite-flying? (2011 浙江高考T58)。
英语阅读理解细节题，和主旨题，推理题区别
英语阅读理解中的细节题、主旨题和推理题在考察能力和答题方式上有所区别。
1. 细节题：这类题目主要考察考生对文章中特定细节的理解。
题目通常会直接询问关于文章中的事实、数据或信息，并要求考生从文中找出答案。
细节题要求考生仔细阅读文章，并能够快速地定位到相关的信息。
2. 主旨题：这类题目要求考生理解文章的整体意义和主题。
题目可能会询问文章的主要观点、作者的观点或文章的中心思想。
主旨题需要考生在理解文章的基础上，对文章的主题和意义进行概括和总结。
3. 推理题：这类题目要求考生根据文章中的信息进行推理和判断。
题目可能会提供一些文章中没有直接提到的信息，并要求考生根据文中的线索和逻辑关系进行推断。
推理题需要考生在理解文章的基础上，运用逻辑推理和判断能力来得出答案。
以上是对细节题、主旨题和推理题的简要介绍，它们都需要考生具备阅读理解能力和一定的思维能力，但是侧重点不同，答题时需要对题干和选项仔细分析。
高一英语阅读理解细节题单选题40题1. What is the main purpose of the new technology mentioned in the passage?A. To increase production.B. To save energy.C. To improve quality.D. To reduce costs.答案：B。
本题考查对新技术目的的理解。
A 选项“增加产量”在文中未提及；C 选项“提高质量”并非文中重点强调的内容；D 选项“降低成本”文中没有相关表述。
而文中明确指出新技术的主要目的是节能，故选B。
2. How does the new invention improve the efficiency of the process?A. By using advanced materials.B. By changing the working method.C. By adding more workers.D. By increasing the working hours.答案：B。
本题主要考查新发明提高效率的方式。
A 选项“使用先进材料”文中未提及；C 选项“增加更多工人”不符合提高效率的常见方式；D 选项“增加工作时间”并非有效提高效率的方法。
文中提到是通过改变工作方法来提高效率的，故选B。
3. Which of the following is NOT a feature of the latest scientific equipment?A. High accuracy.B. Easy operation.C. Large size.D. Low cost.答案：C。
本题考查对最新科学设备特点的把握。
A 选项“高精度”通常是新设备的优点；B 选项“易操作”符合现代设备的发展趋势；D 选项“低成本”是人们所期望的。
而“大尺寸”不一定是最新科学设备的特点，故选C。
高一英语阅读专题：细节题【本讲教育信息】一. 教学内容：阅读专题：细节题二. 重难点讲解在高考阅读的四个题型中，该题型难度最小、得分率最高，所占比重也较大，但随着英语试题难度的加大，近几年得分率呈下降的趋势。
其常见的提问方式有以下几种：1. 针对文章的某一细节对具体内容提问，如：How was the fire put out according to the text ?（NMET 1995）We learn from the text that on 24 May（）.（NMET1998）2. 要求针对文章的某一细节进行正、误判断，如：Which of the following statements is true according to the text ?（NMET 2001，北京2003）Which of the following is NOT TRUE according to author’s description of the disaster in 2094?（上海 2002）3. 要求针对文章的某一细节进行简单的计算，如：At a place where surface temperature is 15℃,how deep do you have to dig so as to get a temperature of 75℃?（NMET 1994）How long did the power failure last?（NMET 2000）4. 要求针对文章的某一细节进行识图，如：Which of the following drawings shows the right way to get geothermal energy?（NMET l994）Which of the four pictures below is the closest to the igloo hotel as described in the text?（NMET 2001）5. 要求针对文章的某一细节进行排序，如：Which of the following shows the right order of what happened to the diary?（NMET 1999）Choose the right time order of the following events in Thomas’s life.（北京2002）从以上的提问方式我们可以看出，事实细节题型是针对文章某一细节进行提问，一般来说答案都可以在文中直接找到。
这就要求考生在解题时，在初步了解了文章大意的基础上，能够根据问题迅速地抓住提问的关键词，搜索相同的信息，做出选择。
【典型例题】Amy Johnson was born on July 1, 1903, in Hull Yorkshire and lived there until she went to Sheffield University in 1923 to read for a BA. After graduating, she moved on to work as a secretary to a London solicitor（律师）where she also became interested in flying. Amy began to learn to fly at the London Aeroplane Club in the winter of 1928-1929 and her hobby soon became an all-consuming determination, not simply to make a career in aviation（航空）,but to succeed in some projects, which would demonstrate to the world that women could be as competent（能干）as men in hitherto（迄今为止）male dominated field.Her first important achievement, after flying solo, was to qualify as the first British-trained woman ground engineer. For a while she was the only woman G:E. in the world.Early in 1930, she chose her objective: to fly solo（fly by herself）to Australia and to beat Bert Hinkler’s record of 16 days. At first, her efforts to raise financial（经济的）support failed, but finally Lord Wakefield shared the 600 pound purchase prices of a used DH Gypsy Moth（GAAAH）and it was named Jason after the family business trademark.Amy set off alone in a single engine Gypsy Moth from Groyson on May 5, 1930, and landed in Darwin on May 24, an epic flight of 11,000 miles. She was the first woman to fly alone to Australia.In July 1931, she set an England to Japan record in a Puss Moth with Jack Humphreys. In July 1932, she set a record from England to Capetown, solo, in a Puss Moth. In May, 1936, she set a record from England to Capetown, solo, in a Percival Gull , a flight to retrieve（gain again）her 1932 record.With her husband, Jim Mollison, she also flew in a DH Dragon nonstop from Pendine Sands, South Wales, to the United States in 1933. They also flew nonstop in record time to India in 1934 in a DH Comet in the England to Australia air race. The Mollisons were divorced in 1938.After her commercial flying ended with the outbreak of World War II in 1939, Amy joined the Air Transport Auxiliary, a pool of experienced pilots who were ineligible（不合格）for RAF service. Her flying duties consisted of ferrying（carrying by plane）aircraft from factory airstrip（起落地带）to RAF（英国皇家空军）bases.1. What did Amy Johnson do after she graduated from Sheffield University?A. She became a secretary to a London solicitor.B. She went to the air force.C. She became the first female group engineer in the world.D. She began to learn to fly at an aero plane club.答案：A2. Which of the following is false?A. Amy Johnson spent her childhood in Sheffield.B. In Amy Johnson’s time, aviation was a male dominated field.C. Amy Johnson flew solo for several times.D. Amy Johnson was the first woman to fly alone to Australia.答案：A3. According to the passage, how many records Amy had set?A. Three .B. Four .C. Five .D. Six .答案：C4. How did Amy solve the financial problem when in early 1930 she chose her objective: to fly solo to Australia and to beat Bert Hinkler’s record of 16 days?A. She successfully raised financial support.B. She shared the money necessary for the flight with her husband.C. A businessman shared the purchase price of a used plane with Amy’s father.D. Her father gave her the money.Lipstick plays an important role in attraction and can even protect the lips from drying out in harsh weather. No wonder it’s the most important thing in a women’s cosmetics（化妆品）bag.Colouring the lips is certainly not a new idea. It was practiced as early as 3500 BC.In the past, a natural dye was used to paint lips. It was not until the 17th century that lipstick manufacturing really took off. The lipstick was made of mixtures that included pig fat and red sandalwood. It was kept in tiny pots and applied with a colouring stick.Lipstick was invented and first presented by Parisian perfumeries（香料商）in Amsterdam. But these “ little red sausages ” were less than practical. They were wrapped in silk paper and the ends had to be broken off before each use. They also did not come cheap.Over the years the sticks became less expensive and new colours were developed, But it was not until 1950 that lipstick accidentally was reinvented — this time by the Americans.Today there are so many types of lipsticks and shades that it is hard to keep track of them. Faced with many choices in the cosmetic departments, it is easy to forget that there is a whole science to manufacturing them.The basic materials are colours, oils and waxes. But they can contain up to 30 different materials. Lipstick manufactures have to achieve a careful balance. “You nee d a thicker oil to make the lipstick last longer, but a thinner one to make it easy to apply, ” says Comelis Riedel, product developer at Nivea Beaute in Hamburg.Different oils also provide protection for lips, preventing them from drying up. The waxes used in lipsticks must strike the right balance between strength and elasticity（弹性）. And up to nine different colouring matters could be needed to find the right shade.No one today need fear dangerous materials in lipsticks. A study by a leading German consumer organization found dangerous materials such as lead or cadmium, are hardly a problem any more — even in the cheapest products.Today, the question is whether to choose between a conventional lipstick or the newer, long-lasting variety.1. Lipstick plays an important role in women’s life because ______.A. it can show they are richB. it can show they are healthyC. they want to keep their body temperatureD. they want to be more attractive答案：D2. It can be inferred from this passage that ______.A. Americans were the first to use lipsticksB. lipsticks were colour less at firstC. modem lipsticks came out by chanceD. lipsticks have been made from the same materials3. The underlined phrase “keep track of” in this passage means______.A. findB. followC. useD. store答案：B4. We know from this passage that ______.A. lipsticks are much cheaper than beforeB. lipsticks are much harder than beforeC. lipsticks are more dangerous than beforeD. lipsticks are much safer than before答案：D【模拟试题】1. Install a legal copy of on anti-virus program（杀毒程序）and keep it current through a subscription（订阅）, so that it will recognize the latest “virus definitions（定义）” .2. Set your computer’s operating system to regularly download（下载）and update those virus definitions.3. Set Windows to automatically receive and install operating-system “ patches （补丁）” that can plug security holes in the software.4. Set anti-virus software to scan（扫描）all e-mail. Web pages, and instant-messaging traffic for viruses.5. Use the anti-virus software to scan your hard drive for viruses at least three times a week.6. Don’t open any attachments（附件）from any e-mail addresses you don’t recognize.7. If you have high-speed Internet access, install a software firewall on your computer.（A hardware firewall is even better.）8. Never download anything from a Web site you don’t think is re putable（规范的）.9. Be ware of e-mail that use Java or Active-X scripts.10. Clean out any “Cookies”（which track your Web visits）from your browser （浏览器）1. How can the computer find out the latest virus according to the passage?A. By setting up the lawful anti-virus program and keeping on updating.B. By scanning your hard drive occasionally.C. By scanning your software frequently.D. By installing a software firewall.2. You can infer in the passage that the majority of dangerous viruses comes as ______ .A. hardwareB. e-mailsC. chattingD. firewalls3. Which of the following is NOT true?A. Java or Active-X scripts may contain viruses.B. New computer viruses appear from time to time.C. A software firewall is not as good as a hardware firewall.D. “Cookies” here are kinds of food.4. Which of the following is the best title?A. How to Find the Computer Virus?B. Build Up a Firewall against the Virus.C. Some Tips against the Computer Virus.D. How do the Virus Kill Your Computer?试题答案1. A 2. B 3. D 4. C。
