专题八名词性从句
that, whether 与if 引导名词性从句的区别
——考题尝试(单句语法填空)
1．(2016·北京高考改编)The most pleasant thing of the rainy season is that one can be entirely free from dust.
2．(2013·全国卷Ⅰ改编)I am wondering whether you can pick him up at the airport. 3．(2015·北京高考改编)I truly believe that beauty comes from within. 4．(2012·浙江高考改编)I made a promise to myself that this year, my first year in high school, would be different.
——规则点拨
当名词性从句主干齐全，又不缺少状语时，用连接词引导。连接词有that, whether 和if 。
1．that: that 连接名词性从句，只起连接作用，不在从句中作成分。在宾语从句中可以省略。 The teacher informed us (that ) we would have a test the next day. 老师告知我们第二天进行测试。
2．if 和whether ：有“是否”的含义，表示一般疑问。主语从句和表语从句中只能用whether 不能用if 。if 和whether 也不在从句中作成分，只起连接作用。
The trouble is whether he can come on time. 麻烦是他是否能按时来。 [注意事项]
1．在下列情况下一般只能用whether ，不用if ： (1)引导主语从句并在句首时； (2)引导表语从句时；
(3)引导从句作介词宾语时； (4)从句后有“or not”时； (5)后接动词不定式时。
2．that 引导主语从句时，常用it 作形式主语，常见句型有：
(1)it ＋be ＋形容词(如： obvious, true, natural, surprising, good, wonderful, funny, possible, likely, certain, probable, evident, clear, apparent 等)＋that 从句。
(2)it ＋be ＋名词(如： no wonder, an honour, a good thing, a pity, no surprise 等)＋that 从句。
(3)it ＋be ＋过去分词(如： said, reported, thought, estimated, expected, decided, announced, arranged, recognized 等)＋that 从句。
类似句型还有：It cannot be denied that ... /It must be admitted that ...
(4)it ＋动词(如：seem, appear, happen, occur to sb., doesn 't matter, make no difference 等)＋that 从句。
——对点演练(单句语法填空)
1．That he will come to the conference has excited every one of us. 2．It 's no wonder that you 've achieved so much success. 3．It happened to me that I had been away when he called. 4．I feel it a pity that I haven 't been to the get-together.
5．We all find it important that we (should) make a quick decision about this matter. 6．I am not interested in whether they believe in me or not.
——考题尝试(单句语法填空) 1．(2014·福建高考改编)Pick yourself up. Courage is doing what you 're afraid to do. 2．(2014·浙江高考改编)“Every time you eat a sweet, drink green tea.” This is what my mother used to tell me.
3．(2013·北京高考改编)I took pride in what I had done in the absence of my father. 4．(2013·全国卷Ⅱ改编)By the way, do you know what they stand for? 5．(2013·福建高考改编)Personally speaking, I don 't think what these parents do is helpful to their children.
——规则点拨
连接代词who, whom, whose, what, which
这几个连接词不但起连接作用，也在从句中作名词或代词所作的成分，如主语、表语、宾语、定语。缺少连接代词，从句不完整。
What struck me most in the movie was the father 's deep love for his son. 影片中最打动我的是父亲对他儿子深深的爱。 What worries us most is who let out the secret. 最令我们担忧的是谁泄漏了秘密。 ——对点演练(单句语法填空)
1．It has not been decided yet who will preside over the meeting.
2．I 'd like to start my own business — that 's what I 'd do if I had the money. 3．(2017·太原五中一模)Who will come to help with my English hasn 't been decided. 4. (2014·湖南高考改编)As John Lennon once said, life is what happens to you while you are busy making other plans.
5．(2014·山东高考改编)It is difficult for us to imagine what life was like for slaves in the ancient world.
——考题尝试(单句语法填空) 1．(2015·北京高考改编)How we understand things has a lot to do with what we feel. 2．(2015·福建高考改编)—I wonder how Mary has kept her figure after all these years. —By working out every day. 3．(2015·湖南高考改编)You have to know where you 're going if you are to plan the best way of getting there.
4．(2015·重庆高考改编)We must find out when Karl is coming, so we can book a room for him. 5．(2014·广东高考改编)I didn 't understand why this would happen and ...
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——规则点拨
连接副词when, where, why, how
这几个连接词不但起连接作用，也在从句中作状语，表示时间、地点、原因和方式。 He didn 't tell me when we would meet again. 他没告诉我什么时候我们再相见。
Go and get your coat. It 's where you left it. 去把大衣拿来。就在你原来放的地方。
I have no idea how I can get to the railway station. 我不知道怎么能到火车站。
That 's why I want you to work there. 那就是我要你在那儿工作的原因。
——对点演练(单句语法填空) 1．(2017·大庆质量检测二)People who visited me used to ask me how I could sleep. “Doesn 't the sound of the traffic bother you? How can you get used to so much noise ？”
2．The problem is how we can improve our reading skills in such a short time. 3．She asked a question why there was a delay. 4．(2017·湖南岳阳一中检测)Mr. White is opposed to repairing the old building, and that 's where I
don
't agree.
whatever, whoever, whichever, whenever, wherever, however ——考题尝试(单句语法填空)
1．(2016·北京高考改编)Your support is important to our work. Whatever you can do helps. 2．(2013·江西高考改编)Whichever one of you breaks the window will have to pay for it. 3．(2014·北京高考改编)Some people believe whatever has happened before or is happening now will repeat itself in the future.
——规则点拨
它们的作用等同于who, what, which, where, when, how, 但语气加强了。这类词引导名词性从句时，不能用no matter ＋who/what ...代替。
1．引导主语从句。
Whoever did this job must be rewarded.无论谁做的这项工作都肯定会被奖励。 2．引导宾语从句，充当直接宾语。
I 'll give you however much money you need.不论你需要多少钱我都给你。 3．引导宾语从句，充当间接宾语。She will give wh oever needs help a hand. 她将给任何需要帮助的人提供帮助。 4．引导介词的宾语从句。
You can write about whatever topic you prefer. 你可以写你喜欢的任何话题。
5．引导宾语从句，充当宾语补足语。 We 'll make him whatever he is fit for.
他适合什么我们就让他做什么。
[注意事项]
“no matter ＋疑问词” 包括no matter who, no matter what, no matter which, no matter when, no matter where, no matter how ；它们的意义跟前面对应的“疑问词-ever ”相同，但它们只能用来引导状
语从句。
Whoever/No matter who comes, you will say I am out. 不管谁来，你就说我不在家。
However/No matter how tired he was, he went on working. 无论他多么累，他都继续工作。 ——对点演练(单句语法填空) 1．(2017·株洲二中月考)With an optimistic attitude and a strong will, we can overcome whatever difficulties we might meet with and achieve our goals.
2．As many as seven courses are provided, and they are free to choose whichever suits them best. 3．(2017·四川营山县模拟)Whoever sets fire to the forest should be punished.
4．Whichever team wins on Saturday will go through to the national championships.
一、名词性从句在语法填空中的命题点 1．宾语从句 (2014·广东高考)I didn 't understand ________ this would happen and my credit card had already been charged for the reservation.
2．主语从句 (2016·江苏高考改编)It is often the case ________ anything is possible for those who hang on to hope. 3．表语从句 ①(2016·北京高考改编)The most pleasant thing of the rainy season is ________ one can be entirely free from dust.
②(2015·安徽高考改编)A ship in harbor is safe, but that 's not ________ ships are built for. 4．同位语从句 ①(2016·天津高考改编)The manager put forward a suggestion ________ we should have an assistant. There is too much work to do.
②(2014·重庆高考改编)—Is it true that Mike refused an offer from Yale University yesterday? —Yeah, but I have no idea ________ he did it; that 's one of his favorite universities. 二、名词性从句在短文改错中的命题点 1．从属连词与连接副词之间的错用
4．从属连词that
与whether/if之间的错用
5．从属连词that的缺失
三、名词性从句在书面表达中的增分点
[增分技法]
1．掌握好引导词that的省略与不省略。
他的成功是因为他为比赛作了充分的准备。
His success lies in the fact that he was well prepared for the match.
2．what从句在写作中非常有用，叫不出名字的事物都可用这个句式来表达。
近几年，我们的学校发生了很大的变化，已不再是过去的样子了。
In the past few years, great changes have taken place in our school and it is no longer what it used to be.
3．用好whatever，however等引导的名词性从句和让步状语从句。
我们必须尽一切努力来保护我们的环境。
We must do whatever it takes to protect our environment.
[巧用增分]
①我反对这个工程的原因是，它花费太多的钱，而这些钱应当用来提高当地人们的生活水平。(be against, project, the reason why ...is that, to improve the lives of the local people)
The_reason_why_I_am_against_the_project_is_that_it_will_cost_too_much_money,_which_should_be _used_to_improve_the_lives_of_local_people.
②如果我们想成功，我们应当相信我们做的事情，相信我们自己。(succeed, believe in what we do, who we are)
We_should_believe_in_what_we_do_and_who_we_are_if_we_are_to_succeed.
③无论谁想成功，都必须尽最大努力。(whoever, succeed, do one's best)
Whoever_wants_to_succeed_must_do_his/her_best.
[题点对点练]
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．(2017·重庆南开中学月考)Life is ten percent what happens to you and ninety percent how you respond it.
2．(2017·邯郸调研)The new boy looked at the teacher for a few seconds and all the other students wondered what the boy would do.
3．(2017·四川成都高新区检测)In my opinion, what matters is whether we can win together as a team instead of individuals.
4．(2017·益阳模拟)Half of the world's population is under the age of 25 and when they are not involved in the decision-making process, they are not aware of what is taking place.
5．(2017·本溪高级中学月考)Whether the flight to New York will be delayed is what I'm especially worried about.
6．(2017·怀化一模)There are as many as five students' clubs in our school. You can join whichever interests you most.
7．(2017·杭州二模)With time going by, what once seemed vital in our life is no longer as important now.
8．(2017·山东省实验中学一模)She has received an offer from Berkeley, but I don't know whether/if she will accept it.
Ⅱ.单句改错
1．Success partly depends on if you have the patience to do simple things perfectly.if→whether
2．We're all pleased what we have once again overcome the difficulty.what→that
3．We all consider important that children should take plenty of milk as they grow.consider后加it 4．My suggestion is we should have a discussion about this matter instead of just laying it aside.is后加that
5．His promise which he would give away half of the year's income to the disabled turned out a lie.which→that
6．We are thinking about whom can be admitted into our club. The number of members is limited.whom→who
Ⅲ.单句写作
1．使我们这个学校特别的是，她的大多数毕业生都被名校录取了。(make ...special, graduate, be admitted to, famous colleges)
What_makes_our_school_special_is_that_most_of_its_graduates_are_admitted_to_famous_colleges.
2．令球迷欣喜的是那位年轻的球员在乒乓球锦标赛中表现得极为出色。(delighted, perform, the table tennis tournament)
What_delighted_the_fans/made_the_fans_delighted_was_that_the_young_player_performed_extremely _well_in_the_table_tennis_tournament._
3．如果能找到任何适合你的学习方法，你的学习效率就可能明显提高。(whatever, learning method, learning efficiency)
If_you_can_find_whatever_learning_method_(that)_suits_you,_your_study/learning_efficiency_is_likel y_to_improve_remarkably.
[题型综合练]
Ⅰ.语法填空
(2017·东北三省三校一模)The “selfie” is used to describe the self-taken photo, often from a smartphone. Someone takes about 10 selfies each time he does, and he only ends up __1__ (post) one or two of those. He picks the one that he feels make him look the __2__(good). In that picture, he gains confidence. For that moment, everything bad or terrible that has happened to him__3__ (remove), because that smile is what gives
him the__4__ (determine) to love himself.
I read__5__ poem recently and the young man said, “If I ask you__6__ you love, the answers will most likely roll off your tongue.You love to read. You love to write. You love your mom, your daughter, or your best friend. How long do you think you can go on and on before you say ‘I love__7__(I)’？”
That statement hit me like a ton of bricks.I've struggled with confidence all my life.I still do.And
in__8__ way am I saying that taking a selfie is a gateway__9__ confidence.__10__， the selfie does deserve some credit for allowing individuals to express themselves.
语篇解读：很多人会把自己满意的自拍照发到网上去，他们认为这样可以使自己增强爱自己的决
心。
Ⅱ.短文改错
Some of us is having problems with our parents, as they often look for our schoolbags. I fully understand when we are not comfortable about it, but there's no need to feel too sadly. Our parents check our bags to make it sure we're not getting into trouble. They had probably heard some horrible stories about other kid and think we might do the same. Or perhaps they just want to connect with us and are doing it all wrong. I suggest that we telling them we want them to trust us as much we'd like to trust them.
4 / 4
名词性从句 [专项训练] Ⅰ.单句语法填空 1．(2015·山师大附中一模改编)His favorite food is fried snacks and soft drinks.It is no surprise ____________losing weight is just his dream. 解析：句意：他最喜欢的食物是油炸类小吃和饮料。毫不奇怪减肥只是他的梦想。it 是形式主语，真正的主语是that引导的主语从句。从句中结构及句意完整，故用that引导。 答案：that 2．(2015·江西四校联考改编)_____________he misunderstood my position on the question is obvious from his remarks. 解析：根据句式结构可知_________he misunderstood my position on the question 为主语从句，从句中结构及句意完整，故用that引导。 答案：That 3．(2016·安徽铜陵五中月考改编)Now my hometown is not at all ____________a traveler who visited it ten years ago can expect. 解析：句意：现在我的家乡根本不是十年前来参观的游客可以想象的样子了。设空处引导表语从句，且在从句中作expect的宾语，故填what。 答案：what 4．(2015·湖南岳阳一中检测改编)Mr.White is opposed to repairing the old building，and that’s ____________ I don’t agree. 解析：句意：怀特先生反对维修那座旧建筑，而这正是我不同意的地方。设空处引导表语从句，从句中agree是不及物动词，后不能直接接宾语，故填where在从句中作状语。 答案：where 5．Whenever a natural disaster happens，we should offer_____________help we could give to those victims. 解析：句意：当自然灾害发生时，我们应该提供任何可能的帮助给那些受害者。________ help we could give为宾语从句，设空处作定语修饰名词help，根据句意可知，设空处表示“无论什么”故填whatever。 答案：whatever 6．The new boy looked at the teacher for a few seconds and all the other students wondered____________the boy would do. 解析：句意：新来的男生看了老师几秒钟，所有其他学生都想知道这个男生会做什么。设空处引导宾语从句，并在从句中作宾语，故填what。 答案：what 7．In my opinion，_____________matters is whether we can win together as a team instead of individuals. 解析：句意：在我看来，重要的是我们是否能够作为一个团队而不是个人获胜。设空处引导主语从句，并在从句中作主语，故填what。 答案：what 8．—How do you think I can make up with Tony? —Put aside ____________you disagree and try to find ____________you have in
名词性从句考点纳 概念: 在整个句中起名词作用的从句,包括主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。 判断： 主语从句在谓语动词前，且常用形式主语it 宾语从句在动词、介词、形容词后 表语从句在系动词后（be, seem, look等） 同位语从句在名词后且引导词在从句中不作成分 连接词分为三类： 从属连词：that, (不充当从句的任何成分, 不可省，没有意义 whether/ if (不充当从句的任何成分，不可省，“是否”的意思) 连接代词：what(ever), who(ever), whom(ever), which(ever),whose: 充当主、宾、表、定 连接副词：when, where, how, why (充当状语) 名词性从句的做法 1.判断 2.从句中缺什么给什么 考点一：what vs. that what 在句中充当成分，后面跟意思是： that在从句中充当成分，后面跟，意义 you have done might do harm to other people. you don’t like him is none of my business. 考点二：that 的省略 ●由连接词that引导从句时，that 在句中不担任任何成分，在口语或非正式 的文体中常被省去，但是，从句是并列句时，第二个分句及以后的分句前的that 。 He told me (that) he will go to Shanghai tomorrow and he will visit many sights. ●that位于句首引导主语从句时，不能省略。 He will win the match is certain. It is certain that he will win the match. he will win the match is certain.
专题14 名词性从句——精讲深剖 一．单句语法填空 1.（2019全国卷I）While they are rare north of 88°,there is evidence they range all the way across the Arctic,and as far south as James Bay in Canada. 【答案】that 【解析】考查同位语从句。根据句子结构分析可知，主句为there be句型，且结构完整，空格后为同位语从句，解释说明中心词evidence的内容，故填that。 2. （2018全国卷III）I'm not sure 61 is more frightened，me or the female gorilla (大猩猩) that suddenly appears out of nowhere. 【答案】who 【解析】考查宾语从句。句意：我不确定谁受到了更大的惊吓，是我还是那只不知从何处突然出现的雌性大猩猩。根据句意和句子结构可知，空处引导宾语从句，在从句中作主语，表示“谁”，故填who。 二．单项选择 1.（2019江苏卷）Scientists have obtained more evidence ___________ plastic is finding its way into the human body. A. what B. that C. which D. where 【答案】B 【解析】考查同位语从句。句意：科学家已经获得更多证据，塑料正在进入人们的体内。从句不缺句子成分，且与evidence指代的是同一事件，用that引导同位语从句。故选B。 2.（2018江苏卷）By boat is the only way to get here, which is _______ we arrived. A. where B. when C. why D. how 【答案】D 【解析】考查名词性从句。句意：乘船是到达这里唯一的途径，这就是我们如何到达的。分析which引导的非限定性定语从句可知，后面为表语从句，这里用连接副词how引导表语从句，充当方式状语，表示“如何”。故选D。
名词性从句的解题技巧（二） 安徽省蚌埠二中----朱正军 B）名词性从句缺表语： 从句缺表语比上述情况复杂一些，根据句意分析，如果需要使用连接代词的话，判断选择的 方法与上述方法相同，而表达“谁的？”这一所属关系时则用whose (如：I don’t know whose this book is.)。如： 15. I read about it in some book or other. Does it matter ____ it was? 【北京卷2006】 A. were B. what C. how D. which 16. ----Can you do me a favor? ----It depends on ____ it is. 【北京卷2006】 A. which B. whichever C. what D. whatever 17. I want to be liked and loved for _____ I am inside. 【北京卷2010】 A. who B. where C. what D. how 18. Engines are to machines ____ hearts are to animals. 【山东卷2006】 A. as B. that C. what D. which 【这是一个较为特殊的句式结构，从句是第一个are的表语。句意为“发动机对于机器而言就 如同动物的心脏。”】 答案：15. D 16. C 17. C 18. C。选择方法上文已经讲过，在此不再赘述。 如果不能使用连接代词，则根据语义选择适当的连接副词，如Please tell me who/what/where/how he is一句中的几个连接词都是正确的，具体用哪一个要看上下文。 C）名词性从句缺定语： 名词性从句缺定语如果指“谁的？”则用whose，如：I don’t know whose book this is. 如果指“什么的？”则用what或whatever，如：I don’t care what person you’d like to make friends with.或You can make friends with whatever person you like. 再如： 19. It is uncertain_____ side effect the medicine will bring about although about two thousand patients have taken it. 【浙江卷2010】 A. that B. what C. how D. whether 该题表达的是“什么样的”，所以答案为B。 如果指“哪一个？”则用which或whichever。如： 20. ____ team wins on Saturday will go through to the national championships. 【山东卷2006】 A. No matter what B. No matter which C. whatever D. whichever 【谈及星期六的比赛，当然就有了范围的限制，所以要用which或whichever，意为“哪个队”，分析一下句型结构不难看出连接词既是team的定语，whichever team又是will go through的 主语，即“一身兼两职”。同时，No matter wh+只能引导让步状语从句。】 答案：20. D。which与whichever之间语法上的区别和who与whoever whom与whomever相同，whichever可解释为any person who/any thing which。 二）如果名词性从句中不缺少上述成分，则根据句意有无疑问将连接词的选择分成两种情况：A）从句语义是确定无疑的： a) 从句表达的是“一种事实”则用that。 1. It never occurred to me ____ you could succeed in persuading him to change. 【陕西卷2010】 A. which B. what C. that D. if
专题八名词性从句 2016～2012年各省市高考题(改编) A卷全国卷 单句语法填空/单句改错 1．(2016·全国Ⅰ，短文改错)My uncle is the owner of a restaurant close to that I love.________ 答案that→where[由句子结构可知，介词to之后为宾语从句。从句谓语是不及物动词live。故用where引导。] 2．(2016·全国Ⅰ，阅读B)We now realize ________ important family is and how important to be near them, especially when you’re raising children. 答案how[考查宾语从句的连接词。根据后面的how important可以看出此处也是填how。] 3．(2016·全国Ⅱ，短文改错)The summer holiday is coming.My classmates and I are talking about how to do during the holiday.________ 答案how→what[考查疑问词的用法。我和同学们正在谈论假期里做什么。固定表达what to do，如何用how结构为how to do sth。] 4．(2016·全国Ⅱ，阅读B)Members leave books on park benches and buses, in train stations and coffee shops.________ finds their book will go to the site and record where they found it. 答案whoever[考查名词性主句中的主语从句。句意：无论是谁发现了他们的书，都去那儿，并记录下他们是在哪儿发现的书。] 5．(2016·全国Ⅱ，阅读D)The journey was intended to achieve more than ________Captain Robert Falcon Scott had done. 答案what[考查名词性从句，引导词在从句中做had done的宾语，故用
名词性从句考点及易错点归纳总结 考点：关系词的选用 原则：缺啥补啥，补缺用连接词或连接副词，具体选择看句意 易错点： 1.名词性从句关系词的省略问题：除了宾语从句可以省略that关系词外，其他的都不行。另需注意宾语从句如有两引导词that，则第一个可省，第二个不可。 2.主语从句及宾语从句常考的几个形式主语\宾语结构 （一）it作形式主语的常见句型： (1)It＋be＋形容词(necessary/likely/important/certain等)＋that从句 (2)It＋be＋名词(短语)(a pity/a shame/no wonder等)＋that从句 (3)It＋be＋过去分词(said/told/reported等)＋that从句 (4)It＋不及物动词(seem，appear，happen，matter等)＋that从句 （二）形式宾语 宾语一般放在及物动词或介词之后，但是，在下列情况下，须用it作形式宾语，而将真正的宾语(常为不定式/从句)后置。
(1)动词find/feel/think/consider/make＋it＋宾补(形容词或名词)＋不定式/从句 (2)动词hate/ like/ dislike/ appreciate/enjoy＋it＋从句 (3)短语动词see to/ depend on/rely on＋it＋从句 (4)固定搭配take it for granted that/owe it to sb.that＋从句 3.if 与whether 的异同 只用whether的情况： （1）主语从句位于句子开头 （2）介词后的宾语从句； （3）引导表语从句或同位语从句； （4）与or not连用； （6）与to do 连用 3. 语序问题：含有疑问意思的语序用陈述语序 4. 时态问题：与主句保持一致，但客观真理需用一般现在时。 5. 名词性从句的虚拟语气问题→that sb (should) do 6. 其他常考的表语从句 (1)This/ That/ It is why＋表语从句(表结果)“这/那就是……的原因” (2)This/ That/ It is because＋表语从句(表原因)“这/那是因为……” (3)The reason why...is that＋表语从句“……的原因是……” 7. 同位语从句与定语从句的区分 同位语从句在句中作某一名词的同位语，位于该名词之后，用以说明该名词的具体内容。定语从句则是对于从句中的某一名词进行修饰。 常见同位语从句的名词：advice，conclusion，doubt，fact，hope，idea，news，promise，question，suggestion，thought，truth，wish，word等。引导同位语从句的引导词：that，whether，how，where，when，why等。 The manager put forward a suggestion that we should have an assistant.There is too much work
【英语】名词性从句考点解析（Word版附答案）（word） 一、名词性从句 1．We believe ________ you have been devoted to ________ naturally of great necessity. A. that; being B. all that; be C. that all; are D. what; is 【答案】 D 【解析】【分析】句意：我们相信你所投入的当然是非常必要的。分析句子可知，believe 后接宾语从句，宾语从句中you have been devoted to缺少宾语，表示事物故用what；what you have been devoted to为主语，从句作主语，谓语动词用单数，故选D。 【点评】考查名词性从句和主谓一致，本题涉及what引导的主语从句和一般现在时。 2．Some people believe _______ has happened before or is happening now will repeat itself in the future. A. whatever B. whenever C. wherever D. no matter what 【答案】 A 【解析】【分析】句意：一些人认为之前发生的或现在正在发生的任何事情在将来都会重复发生。Whatever has happened before or is happening now是一个主语从句，whatever既引导起这个主语从句，也在句中做主语。BC项都属于副词的性质，都不能做主语，通常只能做状语；no matter what只能用来引导状语从句，故选A。 【点评】考查名词性从句，本题涉及"特殊疑问词+ever"引导的主语从句。 3． is even more important is the earth cooled down, water began to appear on its surface. A. When; that; when B. What; whether; as C. What; that; as D. lt; whether; as 【答案】 C 【解析】【分析】这题考查从句的用法，第一空填what引导主语从句，在主语从句中what做主语，第二空填that引导表语从句，在表语从句中，as是引导时间状语从句，句意是：甚至更重要的是：随着地球的冷却，水开始出现在表面。选C。 4．In the past decade, our education system too much on grades. However, grades have a direct connection with future success is still a question. A. focused; whether B. focused; if C. has focused; whether D. has focused; if 【答案】 C 【解析】【分析】考查时态和主语从句。根据In the past decade,在最近的几十年里，可知句子用现在完成时态，our education system是句子的主语，单数形式，所以第一空填has focused；第二空是主语从句做主语，if是否，不能引导主语从句，所以第二空填whether。故选C。
（二）名词性从句 一、填入适当的引导词 1. ---Could you tell me ________ the man is ? --- He is my brother. 2. I didn’t know ________ he was coming until yesterday . 3. ---It’s still a question _______ we shall have our sports . --- It’s said we shall have it next week . 4. The news ________ he was chosen made us happy . 5. The doctor asked ________ medicine you have taken . 6. This is ________ they solved the problems in the city . 7. ________ our football team will win is uncertain yet . 8. ________ frightened us most was ________ two lights appeared suddenly in the darkness . 9. My mother asked _______ was the matter with me . 10. The reason I didn’t come to the meeting was _______ I got ill . 二、单项选择 ( ) 1. The mason why he didn't come to the meeting was_________ he was ill. A. because B. because of C. that D. which ( ) 2. I don't know_________is_________I was born. A. that, why B. that, what C. that, where D. what, that ( ) 3. _________we need more time and effort is quite clear. A. When B. what C. That D. / ( ) 4. _____ he will start off to Nanjing isn't known to us. A. That B. Which C. Because D. When ( ) 5. _________she put the key is unknown to me. A. How B. Where C. In which D. Whether ( ) 6. I don’t understand is_________he has changed his mind. A. That, that B. Which, how C. What, what D. What, why ( ) 7. His suggestion is_________the food_________under low temperature. A. that, be kept B. that, would be kept C. What, should be kept D. that, keep ( ) 8. The news ______ Lincoln was murdered filled their heart with deep sorrow. A. which B. that C. about that D. in which ( ) 9. It makes no difference ______ he come or not. A. if B. that C. when D. whether ( ) 10. _________she has done astonishes everybody in the school. A. How B. Where C. In which D. The behaviour ( ) 11. _________ I was out when a friend came to see me that day. A. It is happened that B. It happened that C. It happened to D. That happened ( ) 12.They required that he_________at 6:30 am. A. arrived B. would arrive C. should arrive D. arriving ( ) 13. The retired teacher often thinks of_________ he can do more for the education. A. which B. how C. what D. that ( ) 14. I don’t think_________ . A. that he has finished his studies in such a short time possible B. possible that he has finished his studies in such a short time C. it that he has finished his studies in such a short time possible D. it possible that he has finished his studies in such a short time ( ) 15. The doctors did ______ they could the wounded man. A. that, save B. what, save C. and, save D. what, to save ( ) 16. Do you know _________to build bridge? A. how long it was taken B. how long it had taken C. how much time did it taken D. how much time it was taken ( ) 17. I don’t know_________he has bought these books. A. for whom B. to whom C. who D. whom ( ) 18. Take_________ you really like here. A. however B. whatever C. whenever D. wherever ( ) 19. _________do you think will give us a talk? A. Which B. What C. Who D.Whom ( ) 20. _____ he didn't come yesterday is strange. A. Which B. That C. It that D. Why ( ) 21. Tell me how much_________ . A. did the dictionary cost B. cost the dictionary C. the dictionary cost D. the dictionary costed ( ) 22. I doubt_________they will help us with it at once. A. whether B. that C. what D. / ( ) 23.How I wish I_________ last week's party. A. had been able to go to B. could go to C. were able to go to D. went to ( ) 24. It was just ______ she studied hard that he passed the exam. A. since B. for C. as D. became ( ) 25. _________has done it should be criticized. A. No matter who B. Who C. Whoever D. Anyone ( ) 26. Have you any idea ? A. how soon they will arrive B. how fast will they arrive C. how quick they will arrive D. how will they arrive ( ) 27. Air is to us ______ water is to fish. A. is that B. What C. Which D. that ( ) 28. Is it possible_________he misunderstood_________I said. A. that, that B. what, what C. what, that D. that, what ( ) 29. My hometown is no longer_________. A. what it used to be B. what is used to like C. like it used to be D. what is used to ( ) 30. He didn't know_________with the computer. A. what was the matter B. what the matter was C. what matter was it D. what wrong was 三、单句改错 1. We all agree with him on that he said. _________________ 2. Can you tell me where he lives in? _________________ 3. The fact he was seriously ill made them worded. _________________ 4. The problem is we are short of money. _________________ 5. Things were not that they seemed to be. _________________ 6. You don't like him is none of my business. _________________ 7. She said she will stay here for another week. _________________ 8. I will give this dictionary to whomever wants to have it. _________________ 9. The old man's sons wanted to know was where the gold had been hidden. ________________ 10. The news which we would go to Mount Tai during the winter vacation delighted us. ________________
专题十名词性从句 1.【2015·湖南】26.You have to know ________ you're going if you are to plan the best way of getting there. A. what B. that C. where D. who 【答案】C 【考点定位】考查宾语从句. 【名师点睛】判断是什么句子最关键，这个句子是由know引导的宾语从句，宾语从句的连接词有连接代词和连接副词.因为从句部分缺少状语成分，答案就出来了.正确解答该题需要理解句意以及注意上下文（you're going if you are to plan the best way of getting there.）的表达. 2.【2015·北京】3 3.I truly believe ______beauty comes from within. A. that B. where C. what D. why 【答案】A 【解析】 试题分析：句意：我很相信美丽源自于内心! 本题考查宾语从句.从句部分不缺少任何成分，因此用that起到连接作用，也可以省略.从句部分不缺少任何成分，因此用that起到连接作用，也可以省略.故选A. 【考点定位】考查名词性从句. 【名师点睛】名词性从句分多种，宾语从句在考试中也是很常见的，要注意宾语是句子的一个重要成分，它可以由名词、代词、名词短语或句子充当.当一个句子充当宾语时，这个句子就称之为宾语从句.一般情况下，宾语从句可作谓语的宾语，也可做主语的宾语.根据所选空在句中所作的成分来判断出是何种名词性从句. 3.【2015·安徽】25.A ship in harbor is safe, but that’s not ______ ships are built
名词性从句名词性从句引导词的基本用法：概念：（一）同宾语、名词性从句是指可以像名词一样在句子中充当主语、表语、了解各种引导词的使用首先要从整体上把握其基本形式，位语的从句。对于名词性从句， 同位语从句各自的一些特征。表语从句、宾语从句、方法。其次，要分别了解主语从句、（二）名词性从句的引导词 名词性从句的引导词引导词是否在名词性从句中充当成分的情况 连接代词：what, which, who, whom, whose 连接副词：when, where, why, how, what, which在从句中作主语、宾语、表语或定语； who在从句中作主语、表语；whom在从句中作宾语；whose在从句中作定语；when, where, why, how在从句中分别作时间状语、地点状语、原因状语、方式状语 连词: that;whether, if否 名词性从句的引导词： 1. 引导特殊疑问句的疑问词在转为引导名词性从句时，即成为连接代词(主要包括what, which, who, whom, whose)或者连接副词(主要包括when, where, why, how)。 注意体会如下例句：Choose which you like best. 选你最喜欢的。 // Who has taken away my bag is unknown. 谁拿走了我的包还不知道。 // Have you decided whom you are to nominate as your candidate? 你们是否已经决定提名谁做候选人了?/ / He asked when Mr. Gilbert would be allowed to go home. 他问什么时候可以允许吉尔伯特先生回家。 // Where we can look up his address is still a problem. 我们在哪儿可以查到他的地址还是个难题。// Why he did that wasn't quite clear. 他为什么做那件事还不十分清楚。 // How they will solve the serious problem has not been decided. 他们将怎样解决这个严重问题还没有决定。 以下两种特殊情况要给予特别关注： 也可以的问题，”？……什么“作连接代词引导的名词性从句既可以表示一个问what(1)． 表示相当于“名词/代词＋关系代词引导的定语从句”结构的意思，这种特殊用法在语法上被称作“关系代词型的what”，注意体会如下例句： He is not what (=the person that) he was a few years ago. 他不是几年前的他了。 // This is what (=the place that) they call Salt Lake City. 这就是他们称作盐湖城的地方。 // What (=the place that) is now the North Sahara Desert was once a civilized world. 现在的北部撒哈拉沙漠曾是一个文明世界。 // Our income is now double what (=the income that) it was ten years ago. 我们现在的收入是十年前的两倍。 // The color of the flower is different from what (=the color that) it was in the morning. 花朵(现在的)颜色与它早上的颜色不同。 (2) 带'ever后缀的疑问词除引导让步状语从句之外，还可以引导名词性从句(“no matter＋疑问词”的结构只能引导让步状语从句，不可以引导名词性从句)，注意体会以下例句：Whoever wants to see this film can go with us tonight.无论谁想看这部电影，今晚都可以和我们一起去。
专题十名词性从句 第一节基本知识与基本概念 【什么是名词性从句？】 顾名思义，主语从句在句子中作主语。有时本身出现在主语的位置上，也有时出于句子结构的考虑退到句子的尾部，前面用形式主语it代替。从句作主语时，谓语动词一般为单数形式。如: What I saw was beyond any verbal description. That his hair was turning grey worried him a bit. Why the company denied the contract is still unknown. When and where the government will build a city square is under discussion. It is pretty annoying that a small part of the machine is missing. It remains to be seen whether the new novel will be well received. 【宾语从句】 在句子中作宾语的从句就是宾语从句。由于这是同学们接触比较早的一种从句，应该问题不大。所以在近年的高考题中，以宾语从句的知识作为考点的题目较少。但是，宾语从句也有自己的特殊情况，如介词的宾语，形容词的宾语，宾语从句提前和并列的宾语从句等现象。如： We assumed that there would be more than 100 guests. He told the police in detail what he saw and heard. Nobody is sure what humans will look like in a million years. That will depend on whether they can get the chance. Whether I will have the time I am not sure at the moment. The conductor complained that we were not gifted in singing and that he would never come again. 【表语从句】 表语从句的最重要脸谱就是它们应该出现在系动词的后面。如： The only question left is how often the workers are paid. His idea for the coming weekend is that we go skating. 【同位语从句】 从脸谱上看，同位语从句最为麻烦。因为它们也是出现在一个名词的后面，起着解释说明的作用。
名词性从句 名词性从句相当于名词，可分别作主句的主语、表语、宾语和同位语。因此，名词性从句厅分为主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句和同位从句。 （一）引导名词性从句的连接词 1、连接代词：who, whose, whom, what, which。有词义，在从句中担任成分，如主语、表语、宾语、或定语等。 2、连接副词：when, where, why, how。有词义，在从句中担任成分，作状语。 3、连接词：that, whether, if, as if。that 无词义，在从句中不担任成分，有时可省略；if (whether), as if虽有词义，但在从句中不担任成分。 注意： 1、连接代词与连接副词在句中不再是疑问句，因而从句中谓语不用疑问式。连接代词与连接副词在从句充当句子成分，连接词whether 和if（是否），as if（好象）在从句中不充当句子成分，只起连接作用。根据句义，如果连接代词与连接副词，whether、if 和as if都用不上时，才用that作连接词（that本身无任何含义）。 2、不可省略的连词： （1）介词后的连词 （2）引导主语从句和同位语从句的连词不可省略。 That she was chosen made us very happy. We heard the news that our team had won. （二）主语从句 1、主语从句在复合句作主语。 e.g. Who will go is not important. 2、用it作形式主语，主语从句放在句末。 e.g. It doesn’t matter so much whether you will come or not. 主要句型有： （1）It+be+形容词+that从句。 It is probable that he told her everything. 很可能他把一切都告诉她了。 （2）It+be+名词词组(no wonder, an honour, a good thing, a pity, no surprise, etc.)+that从句。It’s no surprise that our team should have won the game. 我们没赢这场比赛真意外。 （3）It+be+过去分词+that从句。 It is said that Mr. Green has arrived in Beijing. 据说格林先生已经到了北京。 （4）It+seem, happen等不及物动词及短语+that从句。 It seems that Alice is not coming to the party at all. Alice似乎不来参加晚会。 （5）It+doesn’t matter (makes no difference, etc.)+连接代词或连接副词引起的主语从句。 It doesn’t matter whether she will come or not. 她是否来这无关紧要。 It makes no difference where we shall have the meeting. 我们在哪里开会毫无区别。 3、that引导主语从句时，不能省略。 e.g. That he suddenly fell ill last week made us surprised. 4、当主语从句作主语时，谓语动词一般用第三人称单数，下面这个句型例外。 What we need is more time and money. What we need are many more books. 5、if不能用在主语从句中，而是用whether Whether he left (or not) is unknown 6、引导主语从句的关联词有三类： (1)从属连词that。