【考点五】语法考点归纳5（定语从句、名词性从句）
定语从句考点归纳
1．高考对定语从句的考查集中体现在关系词的选择上，包括关系代词和关系副词。关系代词只有6个，即：that，which，who，whom，whose，as，关系副词只有3个，即：when，where，why。
2．选择关系代词和关系副词的方法：由于关系词既有连接作用又有替代作用和成分作用（引导定语从句并在从句中替代先行项/词而且还充当一定的成分），所以在选择关系词时有一个很简单的方法。把先行项/词还原到从句中，看看该用什么关系词来替代。例如：
I visited a scientist ______ name is known all over the country. 把先行词a scientist还原
到从句中就是：the scientist’s name is known all over the country 可见从句中缺定语，这里该填whose。又如：The school _____ I studied for only two years was three kilometers away.
把先行词the school还原到从句中就构成这样一个简单句：I studied for two years in the school.
“in the school”是一个表示地点的介词短语，在从句中作状语，要用where（=in which）来替代。3．注意关系代词as和which引导非限定性定语从句的区别：as引导的非限定性定语从句可以置于句首，而which引导的非限定性定语从句只能位于句中或句尾。
4．注意掌握只用关系代替that、只用关系代词which的常见的几种情况，以及“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句。
考点精析
1.关系代词引导的定语从句
关系代词所代替的先行词是人或物的名词或代词, 并在句中充当主语, 宾语, 定语等成分. 关系代词在定语从句中作主语时, 从句谓语动词的人称和数要和先行词保持一致.
(1)Who, whom, that这些词代替的先行词是人的名词或代词, 在从句中所起的作用如下:
Is he the man who/that wants to see you
他就是你想见的人吗 (who/that在从句中作主语)
Hs is the man whom/that I saw yesterday.
他就是我昨天见的那个人.(whom/that在从句中作宾语)
(2)whose用来指人或物, 只用作定语, 若指物, 它还可以同of which.互换. 例如:
They rushed over to help the man shoes car had broken down.
那人的车坏了, 大家都跑过去帮忙
Please pass me the book whose (of which) cover is green.
请递给我那本绿皮的.
(3)Which, that它们所代替的先行词是指代事物的名词或代词, 在从句中可作主语, 宾语等. 例如:
A prosperity which/that had never been seen before appears in the countryside.
农村出现了前所未有的繁荣. (Which/that在句中作宾语)
The package (which/that) you are carrying is about to come unwrapped.
你拿的包快散了 (which/that在句中作宾语)
2.关系副词引导的定语从句
关系副词可代替的先行词是时间. 地点或理由的名词, 在从句中作状语.
(1). When, there, why
关系副词when, where, why的含义相当于“介词+which”结构, 因此常常和“介词+which”结构交替使用. 例如:
There are occasions when (on which) one must yield.
任何人都有不得不屈服的时候.
Beijing is the where (in which) I was born.
北京是我的出生地.
Is this the reason why (for which) he refused our offer
这就是他拒绝我们帮助他的理由吗
(2). that代替关系副词
that可以用于表示时间, 地点, 方式理由的名词后取代when, where, why和“介词+which”引导的定语从句, 在口语中that常被省略, 例如:
His father died the year (that/when/in which) he was born.
他父亲在他出身那年逝世了.
He is unlikely to find the place (that/where/in which) he lived forty years ago.
他不大可能找到他40年前居住过的地方.
3.判断关系代词与关系副词
方法一: 用关系代词, 还是关系副词完全取决于从句中的谓语动词. 及物动词后面无宾语, 就必须要求用关系代词; 而不及物动词则要求用关系副词. 例如:
This is the mountain village where I stayed last year.
I’ll never forget the days when I worked together with you
方法二: 准确判断先行词在定语从句中的成分(主,谓,宾,定,状), 也能正确选择出关系代词或关系副词.例如:
(1)Is this museum ______you visited a few days ago
A. where
B. that
C. on which
D. the one
(2). Is this the museum ______the exhibition was held.
A. where
B. that
C. on which
D. the one
答案: (1) D (2) A
关系词的选择依据在从句中所作的成分, 先行词在从句中作主语, 定语, 宾语时, 选择关系代词(who, whom, that, which, whose); 先行词在从句中作状语时, 应选择关系副词(where地点状语, when时间状语, why原因状语).
4.限制性和非限制性定语从句
(1). 定语从句有限制性和非限制性两种. 限制性定语从句是先行词不可缺少的部分, 去掉它主句意
思往往不明确: 非限制性定语从句是先行词的附加说明, 去掉了也不影响主句的意思, 它与主句之间通常用逗号分开, 例如:
This is the house which we bought last month.
这是我们上个月买的那栋房子 (限制性)
The house, which we bought last month, is very nice.
这栋房子很漂亮, 是我们上个月买的 (非限制性)
(2). 当先行词是专有名词或物主代词和指示代词所修饰时, 其后的定语从句通常是非限制性的, 例
如:
Charles Smith, who was my former teacher, retired last year.
查理.史密斯去年退休了, 他曾经是我的老师.
My house, which I bought last year, has got a lovely garden.
我去年买的那栋房子带有个漂亮的花园
This novel, which I have read three times, is very touching.
这本小说很动人, 我已经读了三遍
5.介词+关系词
(1)介词后面的关系词不能生理.
(2)that前不能有介词.
(3)某些在从句中充当时间, 地点或原因状语的“介词+关系词”结构可以同关系副词when和where
互换.
This is the house in which I lived two years ago.
(This is the house where I lived two years ago)
Do you remember the day on which you joined our club
(Do you remember the day when you joined our club)
6.as, which引导的非限制性定语从句
由as, which引导的非限制性定语从句, as和which可代整个主句, 相当于and this或and that. as 引导的从句可放在主句的前面, which引导的从句只能放在主句的后面.
As we know, smoking is harmful to one’s health.
Tom, as we know is from England.
The sun heats the earth, which is very important to us.
7.关系代词的that用法
(1)不用that的情况
1)在引导非限制性定语从句时:
2)介词后不能用.
例如:
We depend on the land from which we get our food.
We depend on the land that/which we get our food from.
(2)只能用that作为定语从句的关系代词的情况
1)在there be句型中, 只用that , 不用which.
2)在不定代词, 如: anything, nothing, the one, all, much, few, any, little等作先行
词时, 只用that, 不用which.
3)先行词有the only, the very修饰时, 只用that
4)先行词为序数词, 数词, 形容词最高级时, 只用that
5)先行词既有人, 又有物时用that.
名词性从句考点归纳
1．在句中起名词作用的从句叫做名词性从句（the Noun Clause）。根据它们在句中所充当的成分不同，名词性从句又可分为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句四类。
2．广东高考对名词性从句的考查主要体现在连词的选择及各类名词性从句的应用上，注意掌握常见的从属连词that、if、whether等的用法、常见的连接代词who、what、which、whoever等的用法以及常见的连接副词when、where、why、how等的用法。
3．几个要注意的问题：
A．同位语从句与定语从句的用法区别：
一方面从概念和功能上区别：名词性从句作同位语一般用来解释或说明这些名词的具体含义或内容，在逻辑上表现为同位关系。主体词与同位语从句之间在逻辑上构成系表关系。而定语从句是形容词性的，其功能是修饰先行词，对先行词加以限定，描述它的性质或特征。另一方面，从连接词的作用上区别：在同位语从句中，that是连词，只起连接作用，无具体词义，that不可省略；
在定语从句中，that是关系代词，它在从句中充当一定成分（作主语或宾语），有具体的词义，作宾语时可以省略。试比较：
The plan t hat I’ll stay there for another week can’t come true. (同位语从句)
The plan that he raised was reasonable.（定语从句）
B．that与what的区别：
that在名词性从句中只起连接作用，不充当任何句子成分，因为关联词that之后是个完整的结构，而且that没有任何词汇意义；而名词性从句中的what集先行词与关系代词于一身，且本身有一定意义，不仅起连接作用，还要在其引导的从句中作主语、宾语、表语等。例如：
We all thought it a pity that he lost the good chance.
We must do what the boss told us to do.
C．who与whoever的区别:
who 是“谁”的意思，表疑问，whoever相当于anyone who，意为“任何人”。
Can you tell me who that gentleman is
Whoever wants it may have it.
D．动词后的宾语从句中表达“是否”既可以用“if”也可以用“whether”，但引导同位语从句，表达“是否、是不是”只能用“whether”。另外介词后接宾语从句，表达“是否、是不是”只能用“whether”。例如：
The question whether he will attend the meeting is not settled.
Everything depends on whether we have enough money.
考点精析
一．名词性从句的关联词有三类：
1．从属连词：that, whether, if
2．连接代词：who, whom, whose, what, which, whoever, whomever, whatever, whichever
3．连接副词：when, where, why, how, whenever, wherever, however
关联词的用法可以简单地归纳为三句话：
（1）从句不缺成分用that
（2）从句缺少主语，宾语和表语，指物用what, which, whatever，指人用
who/whom/whoever/whomever/whose.
（3）其他情况，句子中缺什么意思就补所需的带wh-的词(whether, where, when, how, why, who, whom, whose)。
下面我们逐一分析这三句话的含意。
第一句话：从句不缺成分用that，例如：
1） My hope is that she will soon be well again.（表语从句：我的希望是她能很快康复。）
2） Everybody hopes that she will soon be well again.（宾语从句：大家都希望她能很快康复。）
2） That she will soon be well again is our hope.（主语从句：她能很快康复是我们的希望。）
从上面三个句子可以看出：
1）名词性从句中的that只是起连接作用，不.充当任何成分，一定要与定语从句中的关系代词that相区别。
2）引导主语从句，表语从句和同位语从句的情况，that是可以省略的，引导是宾语从句。
第二句话：从句缺少主语宾语和表语，物用what，人用who/whom/whoever/whomever。这是名词性从句考试的重点，特别是what，这里的关键是否能辨认出句子的成分。例如：
______he needs is more time.（他需要的是更多的时间）
显然，主语从句中: he是主语，而谓语动词needs缺宾语，因此填what。
Tell us ______you saw and heard during your visit to that university.
同样，宾语从句中谓语动词saw和heard缺宾语，应填what。
This is not ______I want, 同样，表语从句中动词缺宾语，应填what
______some people are against is ______other people are for.
这是一个主语从句+表语从句的结构，介词against和for后面都没有宾语，无疑都应填what：一些人反对的就是其它人赞成的。
第三句话：其他情况，中文缺什么意思就补所需的带wh-的词(whether，where, when, how, why, who, whom, whose), 例如：
I wonder whether he will come in such bad weather.
天气这么糟糕，不知他是否会来。
Who will give us a lecture is unknown.
谁给我们作报告还不知道。
I have no idea how he learned about it.
我不知道他是怎么得知的。
名词性从句引导词列表：
特殊句式考点归纳
1．特殊句式包括强调句、倒装句、省略句等。因为我们常见的句子多数是陈述句，所以当我们在分析句子结构时，如果发现很难弄清句子结构，就要考虑特殊句式。对特殊句式我们通常采用还原句子结构或补全句子结构的方法来分析句子。具体说来，强调句去掉结构词it is/was…that/who后句子结构就一目了然了；对于倒装句，我们把它还原成正常的语序，再来分析句子结构；对于省略句，我们把省略的部分补全后就很容易分析句子结构了。
2．掌握强调句的基本结构以及常见的完全倒装和部分倒装的几种情况，准确识别各种特殊句式。
3．在写作中若能恰当使用强调、倒装等特殊句式，会增加文章的色彩。
定语从句整理 定语从句分为限定性和非限定性 1.定语从句修饰先行词 2.关系代词：that, who, whom, whose, which, as 关系副词：where, when, why 3.关系词在句中的作用1. 引导定语从句 2. 代替先行词3.在定语从句中担当一个成分 4.关系代词在从句中做主语或者宾语； 5.关系副词做状语，相当于：介词+which。 when是时间状语，where是地点状语，一些特殊先行词后面也用where，比如 point, situation, part, condition,case 表示到了某种地步，某种程度也用where. * where和when都可以换成介词+which，但是不是所有介词+which都可以换成where或者when。 *不是所有介词都可以放在which或者whom前面，一些动词短语比如：look for, look after，take care of turn in, pay attention to, depend on, listen to就不能拆开使用，且介词后面不能用who或者that 关于关系词的省略 1)who, whom, that, which, 做宾语时可省。 2)that做表语可省 be动词后 3)that做宾补可省 4)*关系副词when在time, year, day后面可省，也可换成that,但不 普遍 5)*关系副词where在place, 和anywhere, somewhere这种--where 的后面时候可以省略，也可换成that但不普遍 6)*关系副词why放在the reason后面，即可换成 for which, that 又可省略，此较普遍。但放在a reason后面可省，但貌似不可以换成that 7)the way后面可以用in which, that 也可省略 关于that 可以用that的情况； that 在定语从句中的功能非常多 1.可以代词关系代词 who, whom, which, 既可以做主语又可以做宾语，做宾语时可以省略；限从中可以说遇到关系代词就可以换成that， whose除外，因为whose的名词所有格（。。。的）whose= of which 2.关系副词why修饰the reason可换成that,也可省。 Notice:见到the reason不一定非要选why, 做宾语时候选which/that, 也可省。 3.that在某些特殊情况下代替 where， when但不普遍。 4.the way后面可以用in which, that 也可省略 必须用that的情况 (做宾语依旧可省） 1.先行词是不定代词 everything, anything, nothing, 等不定代词 *不含something 2.先行词被every, any, all, some, no, little, few, much等限定词修饰 3.先行词被序数词修饰 the first, the second..... 4.先行词被最高级修饰 the best, the most 5.先行词被the very, the most修饰时
定语从句知识点汇总 一、先行词 二、关系词 1.关系代词： 2.关系副词： 三、分类 1.限制性定语从句：对先行词有限制，区分的作用，并与先行词有着不可分割的关系，不能省略 2.非限制性定语从句：对先行词起补充说明的作用，可省略不会影响主句的意思，与主句用逗号隔开 3.区别： 4.非限制性定语从句的特殊情况 4.1有些既可以做限制性，又可以做非限制性的定语从句，其含义不同
There are 20 students in this class who are from the north of China. There are 20 students in this class,who are from the north of China. 5.关系代词that和关系副词why不能引导非限制性定语从句 四、关系词的用法 1.which,that which指物，在从句中作主语，宾语 that指人或物，指人可与who，whom互换；指物可与which互换 2.who,whom 从句中的介词提到关系代词词前，whom作宾语，不能用who代替 In our class there are 46 students, of whom half wear glasses. 先行词为指人的one,ones,anyone或those时，关系代词用who；双重定语从句中一个定语从句的关系代词是that，另一个指人的关系代词用who。 3.whose 表示“……的”。可指人或物。用来指物时， whose+名词=限定词+名词+of which=of which+限定词+名词 The house whose windows face south is ours. The house the window of which face south is ours.=The house of which the window face south is ours. 4.as 作为关系代词可指人或物，在从句中作主语，宾语或表语。 一般用于such...as 、the same...as 、as...as结构中，表示“像”的意思 We have found such materials as are used in their factory.
中考九年级英语定语从句完整归纳 一、定语从句 1．Kids，I hope you’ll remember the good old days____we spent together in junior high though it’s time to say goodbye. A．who B．what C．which 【答案】C 【解析】 【详解】 句意：孩子们，虽然到了说再见的时候了，我希望你们将记住那些我们一起在初中度过的美好的旧时光。who关系代词，引导定语从句，先行词指人，在从句中作主语或宾语；what什么，不能引导定语从句；which关系代词，引导定语从句，先行词指物，在从句中作主语或宾语。根据句子结构可知，这里考查定语从句，先行词是the good old days，从句中spent后缺少宾语，应用关系代词which引导，故应选C。 2． My grandparents like stories ________ have happy endings. A．they B．who C．which D．/ 【答案】C 【解析】 【详解】 句意：我爷爷奶奶喜欢有快乐结局的故事。考查定语从句。先行词stories（故事）表示物，需用关系代词that或which，引导词同时做从句的主语，根据句意结构，故选C。 3．On Monday April 15， 2019， the fire_______broke out in Notre Dame Cathedral in Paris shocked the world． A．that B．who C．where 【答案】A 【解析】 【详解】 句意：2019年4月15日，周一，巴黎圣母院发生的大火震惊了全世界。 A. that先行词是人或物， B. who先行词是人； C. where先行词是地点名词。本句先行词是fire，指物，在定语从句中作主语，关系代词用which/that。故答案为A。 【点睛】 在定语从句中，关系代词所代替的先行词是人或物的名词或代词，并在句中充当主语、宾语、定语等成分。关系代词在定语从句中作主语时，从句谓语动词的人称和数要和先行词保持一致。 1） who, whom, that这些词代替的先行词是人的名词或代词，在从句中所起作用如下： Is he the man who/that wants to see you? 他就是想见你的人吗?（who/that在从句中作主语）
The Attributive Clause 定语从句中应注意的几个问题 一、引导定语从句的关系词 指代人 who，whom，that 指代事物 which，that 所属关系 whose，of which 指地点 where 指时间 when 指原因 why 二、关系代词that和which在很多情况下可以互换，但下列情况只用that。 All ______ can be done has been done. Do you have anything ________ you don’t understand ? There is little _______ can be believed about it . The book doesn’t say much ________ amuses children. 先行词是all ,everything,nothing, anything, something,much,little,none等不定代词，引导定语从句用that 。 Hamburg is the most beautiful city _______I’ve ever seen. This is the best TV _______ is made in China. The first museum _______ he visited in China was the History Museum. 先行词被形容词最高级或序数词修饰时，引导定语从句用that 。 I’ve read all the books ________ you lent me. No sample ________ we have received is satisfactory. Please send us any information ________ you have about the subject. He is the only person _________ was present at the time. 先行词被any,some, no, much,few,little, every,all, very, only, last修饰时，引导定语从句用that 。 The famous writer and his works _________ the radio broadcast have aroused great interest among the students. A victim is a person,animal or thing ________ suffers pain,death,harm,etc. 先行词中既有人又有事物时，引导定语从句用that . Who _______ you have ever seen can do it better ? Who _______ you are talking to is the young fellow ? Who做先行词时，引导定语从句用that 。 （答案：以上都是that） 三、不用that，而用which，who，whom的情况 He made the same mistakes again ,_____ made his parents very angry. ( which) Yesterday I bought a dictionary,____cost me more than 100 yuan . (which) Mr Smith,_______ gave a talk several months ago,will come again. (who) My uncle has come back from abroad,___I haven’t met for along time. (whom) 在非限制性定语从句中，指事物用 which，指人用who或whom。
高考英语定语从句常见考点归纳 定语从句是中学英语教学的重点，也是学生学习的难点，同时又是高考考查的热点。纵观近年各地高考试题，就能发现考点大多集中在带有"插入语"的定语从句；which 、as 引导的非限定性定语从句；where 、when引导的定语从句以及定语从句和强调句、同位语从句的区别等方面。 对定语从句的考查不单纯考查其语法结构，而是把它融入到一定的语境中，考查考生的实际综合运用能力。 高考试题中，主要从以下角度考查定语从句： 定语从句的考点之一 that用法 正确区分关系代词that引出的定语从句功能强，除不能作定语(用whose)外，其它几个功能都可用that。但命题角度主要以that与which指物时的区别为重点进行命制。例如： （1）——Do you have anything in mind _________ you’d like for supper? ——Well, _________ is OK with me. A. that ; anything B. which ; everything C. what ; whatever D. where ; something 选A。 （2）The wrong you've done him is terrible, for ______ you should make an apology to him, I think. A. this B. which C. what D. that 选B。 定语从句的考点之二 判断成分，是关系代词还是关系副词 正确区分关系代词(that或which)与关系副词when(表时间)、where(表地点)、why(表原因)。 重点根据定语从句中所缺成分 （即关系词在定语从句中作状语时，使用关系副词when (on which); where(in which); why(for which)；在定语从句中作作主语、宾语或表语时，使用that或which。）来确定是用关系代词还是关系副词，绝不能因先行词是时间名词就用when，是地点名词就用where，是reason就用why来确定。 因此，认准先行词只是选择关系词的一个方面，更重要的是看其在后面定语从句中充当什么句子成分例如： （3）He should stand near the stage ________ he could watch and follow the play. A. where B. when C. that D. there 选A。 （4）Do you think the reason _______ he gave is believable. A. for which B. which C. why D. what 选B。 （5）We are living in an age _______ many things are done on computer. A. which B. that C. whose D. when 选D。
高考定语从句八个考点 定语从句是英语学习的一个重要语法项目,也是历年高考在具体的语境中考查考生灵活运用知识能力的一个重点。为了帮助同学们更好地掌握这一语法项目,本文结合近几年的高考试题,分析、探究定语性从句的考查,对其考查归纳为以下八个考点。 一、考查非限制性定语从句中的which 在非限制性定语从句中,which既起连接的作用,又在从句中充当一定的句子成分(主语、宾语或表语);放在主句之后,指代整个主句或主句中的部分内容。 【经典题赏析】 1. My friend showed me round the town, _______was very kind of him.(09全 国卷II) A. which B. that C. where D. it 解析:本题考查非限制性定语从句的关系代词的用法,选项中只有which可指代前面一个句子,并引导从句;it虽然可代替前面句子,但不能起连接的作用,故答案为A。 2. The Science Museum, _______we visited during a recent trip to Britain, is one of London’s tourist attractions. (08江苏) A. which B. what C. that D. where 解析:引导非限制性定语从句时,which在从句中可以作宾语,指代主句的主语“The Science Museum”,而where只能作状语。故答案为A。 3. Chan’s restaurant on Baker Street, ______ used to be poorly ru n, is now a successful business. (07浙江) A. that B. which C. who D. where 解析:该题逗号之间为非限制性定语从句,从句中缺少主语,所以选项范围 应是关系代词,排除掉关系副词where;而that不可以引导非限制性定语从句, 只有which可指代前面的China’s restaurant。故答案为B。 【小结】非限制性定语从句中,判断选which还是where, when,关键在于分析定语从句的主干结构是否完整,如果该从句的先行词是物,从句中缺少主
高考英语新定语从句知识点图文答案 一、选择题 1．The man took out a knife and made a mark ____ his sword was dropped, confusing the passengers on board. A．from where B．what C．on which D．where 2．China Today attracts a worldwide readership, ________ shows that more and more people all over the world want to learn about China. A．who B．whom C．that D．which 3．She has a gift for creating an atmosphere for her students ________ allows them to communicate freely with each other. A．which B．where C．what D．who 4．Take an active part in programs you enjoy______you can meet various kinds of people. A．what B．when C．that D．where 5．John invited about 40 people to his wedding, most of are family members. A．them B．that C．which D．whom 6．The students in Shanghai are using the same textbooks _______ we are now using. A．as B．that C．which D．whose 7．The beautiful dress _______ Miss Jones went to the ball was borrowed from a friend of hers. A．that B．which C．in which D．wearing which 8．All of us were so excited at the news ____we’ll go abroad for holidays ___we jumped with joy. A．that; that B．what; and then C．what; that D．which; so 9．She brought with her three friends，none of ________ I had ever met before. A．them B．who C．whom D．these 10．She's always suggesting ways ______ I can improve my cooking. I know she means well but this really annoys me. A．that B．which C．how D．when 11．He pointed out such a crucial detail about the experiment ______ we could never neglect. A．as B．that C．where D．when 12．The reason ________ he didn’t come to school on time is ________ he had to take care of his sick brother at home. A．That; because B．that; that C．why; because D．why; that 13．I saw a man shouting at a driver, ________ the car is blocking the street. A．whose B．of whom C．of which D．whom 14．_______ is known to all, grammar is not a set of dead rules. A．That B．Which C．As D．It 15．By now, we have raised 50.000 pounds for the poor children, ______ is quite unexpected. A．that B．which C．who D．it 16．Dr. Rowan, ______ secretary resigned two weeks ago, has had to do all his own typing.
Book 7 unit 4语法定语从句的考点归纳 备课人：张素琴刘玉红审查：高二英语组 Teaching time and classes: ______年_____月_____日_____午 第_______节________班出勤________数 第_______节________班出勤________数 一、考查几组关系词异同 1.考查先行词是物时，关系代词which, that充当主语或宾语异同：在限定性定语从句中充当主语、宾语关系代词which, that一般可以互换，关系代词作宾语时还可以省略，which 可引导非限定性定语从句。 ①（09江西）The house (that) I grew up ________ has been taken down and replaced by an office building. A. in it B. in which C. in that D. in ②（07年浙江）Chan’s restaurant on Baker Street, ______ used to be poorly run, is now a successful business. A. that B. which C. who D. where ③（10全国Ⅱ）I refuse to accept the blame for something ________was someone else’s fault. A. who B. that C. as D. what 2. 考查先行词是人，关系代词who,whom,that充当主语或宾语异同：在限定性定语从句中充当主语一般用who, that；充当宾语时三者可以互换或关系代词还可以省略；介词后的宾语,只能用whom等。 ①（06北京）Women _____ drink more than two cups of coffee a day have a greater chance of having heart disease than those ______ don’t. A. who ; 不填 B. 不填; who C. who ; who D. 不填; 不填 ②（10浙江）The settlement is home to nearly 1,000 people, many of _____ left their village homes for a better life in the city. A．whom B．which C．them D．those 3. 关系代词whose与which在定语从句作定语的区别：whose+名词=the +名词+of+which 或of+which +the+名词。 ①（10山东）That’s the new machine ______ parts are too small to be seen. A. that B. which C. whose D. What ②(08陕西)The man pulled out a gold watch, _____ were made of small diamonds. A. the hands of whom B. whom the hands of C. which the hands of D. the hands of which
定语从句高考考点分析归纳 李凌云2012/6/4 一、湖北省的近几年高考考题 1.(2010) My mother was so proud of all__________________（我所做的）that she rewarded me with a trip to Beijing.(do)（考察限定性定语从句只用that的情况之一，考关系代词作宾语可省，并结合过去完成时考时态。） 2.( 2010)____________________（正如我们强调的那样）many times, “serve the people” is our first policy.(stress) 3.(2009).Learning strategies, to_________________________(老师们认为)importance,have not yet drawn enough attention of students.(attach)（考察介词+which的非限制性定语从句，并结合attach importance to 考动词短语。） 4.(2008) The city______________________ (我成长的) is very hot and damp in summer.(grow)（考where或介词+which的限制性定语从句修饰地点名词，grow up 动词短语及不及物性，考时态一般过去时。） 5．(2007)Last night, John was answering the letters____________________ （寄给他的）during the past two weeks.（arrive）（考that\which在限制性定语从句作主语，关系代词作主语不可省，结合动词短语arrive for,与during the past two weeks用完成时，主句时态是was，故用过去完成时。） 二、从湖北近几年高考真题可以看出高考对定语从句的考过： 1、关系代词只用that的情况 2、关系副词 3、介词+which 4、as引导非限制性定语从句，表“正如” 三、结合各省市高考题及我们平时所做的定语从句，分析易考点，易错点及难点，并总结其用法，以期能帮助同学们正确运用定语从句。 考点一、考查关系词的选择 关系代词有_____ ______ _____ _____ _____ ____，关系副词有_____ _____ _____ ，what 不能引导定语从句。正确区分关系代词（that或which)与关系副词when(表时间)、where(表地点)、why(表原因)。重点根据定语从句中所缺成分（即关系词在定语从句中作状语时，使用关系副词when (介+ which); where(介+ which); why(for which)；在定语从句中作作主语、宾语或表语时，使用that或which）来确定是用关系代词还是关系副词，绝不能因先行词是时间名词就用when，是地点名词就用where，是reason就用why来确定。因此，认准先行词只是选择关系词的一个方面，更重要的是看其在后面定语从句中充当什么句子成分。另一种方法是代入法，即将先行词代入定语从句中，说得通的用关系代词，说不通的用关系副词。例如： 1．Nobody knows exactly the reason except that he no longer drives his car.(sentence)无人确切知道他判刑六个月的原因，只知道他再也不开车了。 2. This was the only reason_____________________ when asked why I had to share.(think)当被问到我为什么非要与人分享的时候，这是我能想到的唯一理由。 3. The school shop, _____________________, is closed for the holidays.（这家学校商店的顾客主要是学生，假日时不营业。） 4.Some experts recommend signs and posters be put up in areas_____________________.(allow)有些专家建议招牌和海报应该挂在不允许抽烟的地方。 5.The photo brought the hours back to me in the company.（team）
高中定语从句知识点汇 总 -CAL-FENGHAI-(2020YEAR-YICAI)_JINGBIAN
定语从句知识点汇总 一、先行词 二、关系词 1.关系代词： 2.关系副词： 三、分类 1.限制性定语从句：对先行词有限制，区分的作用，并与先行词有着不可分割的关系，不能省略 2.非限制性定语从句：对先行词起补充说明的作用，可省略不会影响主句的意思，与主句用逗号隔开 4.1有些既可以做限制性，又可以做非限制性的定语从句，其含义不同 There are 20 students in this class who are from the north of China. There are 20 students in this class,who are from the north of China. 5.关系代词that和关系副词why不能引导非限制性定语从句 四、关系词的用法 1.which,that which指物，在从句中作主语，宾语 that指人或物，指人可与who，whom互换；指物可与which互换 2.who,whom 从句中的介词提到关系代词词前，whom作宾语，不能用who代替 In our class there are 46 students, of whom half wear glasses. 先行词为指人的one,ones,anyone或those时，关系代词用who；双重定语从句中一个定语从句的关系代词是that，另一个指人的关系代词用who。 3.whose 表示“……的”。可指人或物。用来指物时， whose+名词=限定词+名词+of which=of which+限定词+名词 The house whose windows face south is ours. The house the window of which face south is ours.=The house of which the window face south is
定语从句高考考点解析 [考点一]考查以that与which引导的定语从句 (I) 通常只能用that的情况 (1) 当先行词是不定代词all, few, little, much, something, anything, nothing ,everything , none等时。 His brother did ______ she could to help him . A. all which B. all what C. all D. which (2) 先行词被序数词，形容词的最高级以及被all ; any ;every ;each ;few ;little; no ;some ;the only ;the very ;the same ;the last 等修饰时。 He is the only student that (who ) is punished for breaking the school rules . (3) 如果两个先行词一个指人，一个指物，应用关系代词that 。 The famous writer and his works that the radio broadcast have aroused great interest among the viewers . (4) 在某些句型和时间状语中，间或用that来引导定语从句，可以不用when 来修饰表示时间的名词，如：every time ,the first time ,the moment ,the day ,the period等。 (a) She made me feel at home the moment (that ) I arrived . (b) In the ten days I was there I gained two pounds in weight . （5）先行词被the only, the very, the last 修饰时。 That white flower is the only one (that) I really like. This is the very book (that) I want to find. （6）先行词是疑问词who, which, what 时，定语从句用that而不用who, (whom)和which引导。 Who is the person that is standing at the gate? Which of us that knows something about physics does not know this? What that is on the table belongs to me? （7）当关系代词在从句中作表语时 Mary is no longer the girl (that) she used to be. China is no longer the country that it used to be. (II) 通常只用which的情况 (1) 关系代词which引导非限定性定语从句，指物只能用which，不用that 。 Her sister has become a lawyer, ________ she wanted to be. A. who B. that C. what D. which (2) 关系代词which引导非限定性定语从句，指代前面整个句子内容时，只能用which。 Jim passed the driving test, _________ surprised everybody in the office. A. which B. that C. this D. it (3) 如果句中有两个定语从句，其中一个用了that，另一个最好用which。 Let me show you the novel that I borrowed from the library which was newly open to us. （4）介词加关系代词后，指物时，若无所属关系，只能用which [考点二]如何判断用关系代词还是关系副词 1) 找出定语从句中是否主语和宾语都齐全。如齐全用关系副词。用什么关系副词看先行词。 I will never forget the days (______ I stayed with you).
定语从句复习 1.定语从句类型（2种）： 2.定语从句关系词 关系代词（6个） 关系副词（3个） 怎样判断一个从句是不是定语从句 概念：定语从句又叫形容词性从句，即一个句子修饰一个名词或者代词的结构 The boy who got injured in the accident was sent to hospital immediately 判断以下句子是不是定语从句并选择 I advise you to cancel ___is thought unnecessary. He remembered the weekends ____ he climbed mountains. We took a picture_____ there is a tower. A. What B. when C. that D. where E. which 考点一:如何判定用关系代词还是用关系副词 1.I’ll never forget the days________________ we worked together. 2.I’ll never forget the days ___________ we spent together. 3.I went to the place I worked ten years ago. 4.I went to the place __________ I visited ten years ago. 5.This is the reason ___________ he was late. 6.This is the reason ____________ he gave. 考点二只用that不用which ①当先行词为all, much, little, few, none, something, anything, everything, nothing等不定代词时 ②先行词被all, every, no, some, any, little, much修饰时： ③先行词是序数词或形容词最高级修饰时。 ④先行词被the only, the very, the last 修饰时。 ⑤当有两个或两个以上分别表示人和物的先行词时，这个定语从句要用that而不用who (whom)和which引导。如： (6)为了避免重复。前面有who 用which不用that
定语从句的十大考点 修饰名词或者代词的从句叫做定语从句。被修饰的名词或者代词叫先行词；定语从句的引导词叫关系词（关系代词&关系副词）；定语从句分为限定性定语从句和非限定性定语从句（前有逗号隔开） 引导定语从句的关系代词有：that which who whom whose as 关系副词有：when where why 定语从句的十大考点 1. that 与which 在指代物时的用法区别 that 和which都可以引导先行词为物的定语从句，但是用法有区别： (1) 只能用that的情况 a.先行词为everything，all，little，much等不定代词时； b.先行词被all，every，no，any，some，little，much，one修饰时； c.先行词被the only，the very，the same，the last修饰时； d.先行词被序数词或形容词最高级修饰时； e.先行词是be的表语或there be 的主语时； f.先行词有人又有物时； g.当主句是以who或which开头的特殊疑问句时。 (2)只能用which的两种情况 a.非限定性定语从句中 b.关系代词前面有介词时Galileo built a telescope through which he could study the skies. 2．which与as的区别 as 和which 都可以引导非限制性定语从句，三种情况下只能用as，不能用which a. as置于句首引导定语从句时（As we know,…） b. as 含有“正如”之意（…as we expected） c. 先行词前有such, the same 修饰时（…such an easy question as the little boy can answer.）As is often the case等。 3. who、whom、that 的区别 a.先行词为指人的不定代词时，如those或people 时，常用关系代词who,不用that b.介词之后用关系代词whom引导定语从句 c.当先行词是一个限定性的表示人的特定名词时，不用that. 如：The aunt who came to see us last week is my farther’s younger sister. 4. whose 用法 “whose”表示谁（可以为人也可以为物）的（东西） 例：A child whose parents are dead is called an orphan.（“whose parents”表示那个孩子的双亲）He lives in a room whose window faces south.（“whose”表示那个房子的窗户） whose 表所属关系指物时，可与of which 转换，词序一般是： 名词+ of which Look at the building , the roof of which ( = whose roof )is white .
初中英语定语从句知识点总结 要学定语从句，得知道什么是定语。定语是用来限定、修饰名词或代词的。例如，a good book, good就是定语。那么复合句中修饰名词或代词的从句就叫做定语从句。定语从句由关系代词或关系副词引导，相当于形容词，在句中作定语。被定语从句修饰的词叫先行词，定语从句一般放在先行词的后面。引导定语从句的关联词称为关系词，关系词有关系代词和关系副词。关系代词有that, which, who, whom, whose等，绝对没有what;关系副词有where, when, why,how 等。关系词放在先行词和定语从句之间，起连接作用，同时又作定语从句的某个成分。 一、关系代词引导的定语从句 1、由who, whom, that，Whose引导的从句 这些词代替的先行词是人的名词或代词，who作主语指人，whom 作宾语指人，that既可作主语又可作宾语(作宾语可以省略)，可以指人也可以指物。Whose 用来指人或物，只用作定语。 (1) Is he the man who/that wants to see you? 他是那个想见你的男人吗?(who/that在从句中作主语) (2) He is the man whom/ that I saw yesterday. 他就是我昨天见的那个人。(whom/that在从句中作宾语) (3) The man whom you spoke to just now is our English teacher 你刚刚说话的那个男人是我们的英语老师 (4) he man whose son is a doctor is our professor. 那个儿子是医生的男人是我们的教授。