1 MULTIMEDIA TRANSPORT PROTOCOL AND MULTICAST COMMUNICATION

中国移动通信企业标准家庭网关终端技术规范版本号：3.0.0中国移动通信集团公司发布╳╳╳╳-╳╳-╳╳发布 ╳╳╳╳-╳╳-╳╳实施QB-╳╳-╳╳╳-╳╳╳╳ T e c h n i c a l S p e c i f i c a t i o n f o r H o m e G a t e w a y目录3.术语、定义和缩略语 ....................................................................................... 错误!未指定书签。

USB扩展及管理（可选）................................................................................ 错误!未指定书签。

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音视频流媒体传输与编码技术的教程随着互联网的快速发展，音视频流媒体传输已经成为了网络娱乐和通讯的重要组成部分。

在音视频流媒体传输过程中，编码技术扮演着关键的角色。

本文将介绍音视频流媒体传输以及常用的编码技术，帮助读者更好地理解和应用这些技术。

一、音视频流媒体传输基础1. 流媒体传输的概念流媒体传输是指通过网络将音频和视频数据实时传输到终端用户的技术。

与传统的下载方式不同，流媒体允许用户在数据传输过程中及时播放，而不需要等待所有数据下载完成。

这种实时传输的方式可以提供较低的延迟和更好的用户体验。

2. 音视频流媒体传输协议常见的音视频流媒体传输协议包括RTSP（Real-Time Streaming Protocol）、RTMP（Real-Time Messaging Protocol）以及HTTP（Hypertext Transfer Protocol）。

这些协议都有各自的特点和应用场景，如RTSP适用于实时传输，而RTMP则主要用于视频直播。

3. 音视频压缩编码技术由于音视频数据的体积较大，传输时需要较大的带宽和存储空间。

因此，音视频压缩编码技术应运而生。

常见的音频编码包括MP3、AAC等，而视频编码则包括H.264、H.265等。

这些编码技术可以将原始的音视频数据进行压缩，以减小文件大小和传输时的带宽需求。

二、音视频流媒体传输与编码技术详解1. 流媒体传输协议(1) RTSP协议RTSP（Real-Time Streaming Protocol）是一种实时流媒体传输协议，用于控制音视频流的传输和播放。

它支持客户端与服务器之间的交互，并能够动态调整传输速率和分辨率。

RTSP可以通过RTP（Real-time Transport Protocol）传输音视频数据，使得音视频播放更加流畅和稳定。

(2) RTMP协议RTMP（Real-Time Messaging Protocol）是一种传输音视频流的协议，常用于视频直播。

通信工程专业英语词汇摘要：本文介绍了通信工程专业的一些常用英语词汇，包括基础知识、通信技术、新通信技术等方面。

本文旨在帮助通信工程和计算机等相关专业的学生和工程师掌握和使用这些专业英语词汇，提高英语水平和专业素养。

一、基础知识1.1 信息的数字表示中文英文缩写信息information数字digital模拟analog二进制binary十进制decimal十六进制hexadecimal比特bit字节byte字word数据data编码encoding解码decoding1.2 多媒体信息与系统中文英文缩写多媒体multimedia文本text图像image音频audio视频video动画animation压缩compression解压缩decompression格式转换format conversion¹²³帧率frame rate⁴fps1.3 通信系统中文英文缩写通信系统communication system CS中文英文缩写发送端transmitter TX接收端receiver RX信道channel CH信号signal SG噪声noise NS调制modulation MOD解调demodulation DEMOD二、通信技术2.1 有线通信中文英文缩写有线通信wired communication WC电缆cable CB光纤fiber optic FO同轴电缆coaxial cable COAX双绞线twisted pair TP电话线telephone line TL网络线network cable NC屏蔽双绞线shielded twisted pair STP非屏蔽双绞线unshielded twisted pair UTP光纤到户fiber to the home FTTH 2.2 无线通信中文英文缩写无线通信wireless communication WC 无线电波radio wave RW微波microwave MW 红外线infrared IR可见光visible light VL激光laser LS射频radio frequency RF蓝牙Bluetooth BT 红外通信infrared communication IRC 可见光通信visible light communication VLC 射频识别radio frequency identification RFID 近场通信near field communication NFC 蜂窝移动通信cellular mobile communication CMC中文英文缩写卫星通信satellite communication SC全球定位系统global positioning system GPS2.3 网络通信中文英文缩写网络通信network communication NC计算机网络computer network CN局域网local area network LAN广域网wide area network WAN城域网metropolitan area network MAN互联网internet NET互联网协议internet protocol IP传输控制协议transmission control protocol TCP用户数据报协议user datagram protocol UDP超文本传输协议hypertext transfer protocol HTTP超文本标记语言hypertext markup language HTML统一资源定位符uniform resource locator URL网络地址转换network address translation NAT动态主机配置协议dynamic host configuration protocol DHCP 域名系统domain name system DNS三、新通信技术3.1 物联网中文英文缩写物联网internet of things IoT智能家居smart home SH 智能穿戴设备smart wearable device SWD 智能交通系统intelligent transportation system ITS智能电网smart grid SG智慧城市smart city SC 物联网协议栈internet of things protocol stack IoT-PS 物理层physical layer PHY网络层network layer NET传输层transport layer TRA应用层application layer APP 物联网应用协议internet of things application protocol IoT-AP 轻量级传输协议lightweight transport protocol LTP 约束应用协议constrained application protocol CoAP中文英文缩写消息队列遥测传输协议message queue telemetry transport protocol MQTT 物联网安全internet of things security IoT-S 物联网隐私保护internet of things privacy protection IoT-PP3.2 云计算中文英文缩写云计算cloud computing CC云服务提供商cloud service provider CSP云服务用户cloud service user CSU公有云public cloud PC私有云private cloud PC社区云community cloud CC云服务模式cloud service model CSM基础设施即服务infrastructure as a service IaaS平台即服务platform as a service PaaS软件即服务software as a service SaaS函数即服务function as a service FaaS云计算架构cloud computing architecture CCA云端cloud CLD边缘edge EDG3.3 大数据中文英文缩写大数据big data BD数据源data source DS数据清洗data cleaning DC数据转换data transformation DT数据存储data storage DS数据仓库data warehouse DW数据湖data lake DL数据分析data analysis DA数据挖掘data mining DM数据可视化data visualization DV数据安全data security DS数据隐私保护data privacy protection DPP。

物流名词的缩写全称中英文对照(2008-04-29 17:23:57)转载标签：杂谈3G 3rd Generation Networks 第三代網路3PL 3rd Party Logistics 第三方物流4PL 4th Party Logistics 第四方物流5-S Seiri, Seiton, Seiso, Seiketsu, Shitsuke 常組織、常整頓、常規範、常自律AAMPS Administrative Monetary Penalty System 行政罰款制度API Application Programming Interface 程式設定介面ARENA Asia North America Eastbound Rate Agreement 亞洲北美東向運輸協會ASME American Society of Mechanical Engineers 機械工程師美洲協ASP Active Sever Page 動態伺服端網頁AS/RS Automated Storage and Retrieval System 自動化存儲和修復系統操作AWB Air Waybill 空運提單BB2B Business to Business 企業與企業之間的交易B2C Business to Customer 企業與客戶之間的交易BAF Bunker Adjustment Factor 燃油附加費B/B Break Bulk 散件雜貨BCC Blind Carbon Copy 密件抄送BCO Beneficial Cargo Owner 貨物擁有者權益BIMCO The Baltic and International Maritime Council 波羅的海國際海運公會B/L Bill of Lading 海運提單BPO Business Process Outsourcing 企業外判程序BSP British Standard Pipe Tread 英國標準的管子踩踏CCAF Currency Adjustment Factor 幣值附加費CBM Cubic Metre 立方米C&F Cost and Freight 成本和運費CC Carbon Copy 抄送CDMA Code Division Multiple Address 分發(部門)若干位址編碼CEPA Closer Economic Partnership Arrangement 更緊密經貿關系的安排CFM Cubic Feet per Minute 每分鐘的立方尺CFR Cost and Freight 成本和運費CFS Container Freight Station 集裝箱貨物集散站CGI Common Gateway Interface CGI 介面CIF Cost, Insurance and Freight 成本和運費兼付保險費CILT The Chartered Institute of Logisticsand Transport 英國特許物流運輸學會CIM The Chartered Institute of Marketing 英國特許市務學會CIS Commonwealth of Independent States 獨立國家聯合體CLM The Council of Logistics Management 物流管理學會CIP Carriage and Insurance Paid To 兼付指定運費及保險費CLP Container Load Plan 集裝箱/裝載計劃表CNOOC China National Offshore Oil Corp. 中國海洋石油總公司C/O Certificate of Origin 產地來源證C.O.C. Carrier's Own Container 船東提供集裝箱C.D. Cash On Delivery 交貨付現COFC Container-on-flatcar 集裝箱輸送COSCO China Ocean Shipping Company 中國遠洋運輸公司COSL China Oilfield Services Limited 中海油田服務股份有限公司CPFR Collaborative Planning Forecastingand Replenishment 預報和補充合作計劃CPT Carriage Paid To 兼付指定運費CRM Customer Relationship Management 客戶關係管理CSA Customs Self Assessment 海關自我評估程序CSC International Convention for Safe Container 對安全容器的國際規定CY Container Yard 集裝箱堆場DD/A Document Against Acceptance 承兌交單DAF Delivery at Frontier 貨交邊境DDC Destination Delivery Charge 目的地提貨費DDP Delivered Duty Paid 完稅後交貨DDU Delivered Duty Unpaid 未完稅交貨DES Delivered Ex-Ship 貨交指定港口船上DEQ Delivered ex-Quay 貨交指定港口倉庫D.G. Dangerous Good 危險品貨物DNS Domain Name System 網絡領域名字系統D/O Delivery Order 出貨單DOS Disk Operating System 磁盤作業系統D/P Document Against Payment 付款交單DPP Damage Protection Plan 集裝箱損壤保險DRP Distribution Resources Planning 分發資源計劃EECR Efficient Customer Response 有效回應顧客的準則EDI Electronic Data Interchange 電子資訊傳遞E.&O.E. Errors and Omissions Excepted 錯誤和遺漏不在此限ERM Enterprise Resources Management 企業資源管理ERP Enterprise Resources Planning 企業資源計劃ETA Estimated Time of Arrival 預定到達時間ETD Estimated Time of Departure 預定出發時間EXW Ex-Works 到戶取貨FFAF Fuel Adjustment Factor 燃料附加費FAK Freight All Kinds 同一費率FAQ Frequently Asked Question 常見問題FAS Free Alongside Ship 船邊交貨FB/L FIATA Combined Transport Bill of Lading 國際運輸商協會聯運提單FCA Free Carrier 貨交貨運商人FCL Full Container Load 整箱集裝FCR Forwarder's Cargo Receipt 貨運承運人領貨單FEFC Far East Freight Conference 遠東(歐州)運費公會FEU Forty Feet Equivalent Unit 40英呎標準雜裝箱計算單位F.I. Free In 船方負責裝船費用FIATA International Federation of ForwardingAgent Associations 國際運輸商協FIFO First-in, First-out 貨物先進倉和先出倉的安排F.I.O. Free In and Out 船方不負擔裝卸費FIOST Free In, Out, Stowed & Trimmed 船方不負責裝船.卸船.理艙及平艙費用FMC Federal Maritime Commission 美國聯邦海事委員會F.O. Free Out 船方不負責卸船費用FOA Fire Defence Agency (Japanese) 防禦代辦處FOB Free On Board 離岸價格F.O.R. Free On Rail 火車上交貨F.O.T. Free On Truck 貨車上交貨F/R Flat Rack Container 平板集裝箱FRC Fuel Recovery Charge 恢復燃料費FTP File Transfer Protocol 檔案傳輸協定FTZ Free Trade Zones 自由貿易區GGDP Gross Domestic Product 國民生產總值GIF Graphics Interchange Format 圖形學交換版式GPRS General Packet Radio Service 無線電服務GRI General Rate Increasing 全部費率調高GSA General Sales Agent 全球系統之機動通信GSC Global Supply Chain 全球供應鏈GSM Global System for Mobile Communications 總推廣代理GWT Gross Weight 毛重HHAFFA Hong Kong Association of Freight Forwarding and Logistics Ltd. 香港貨運物流業協會有限公司HAWB House Air Waybill 空運代理行提單H/H Half Height Container 半高集裝箱HKIM Hong Kong Institute of Marketing 香港市務學會HTML Hypertext Mark-up Language 超文本記號HTTP Hypertext Transfer Protocol 超文本傳送IIADA Intra Asia Discussion Agreement 亞洲間集裝箱運輸研討協定I.A.Rates Independent Action rates 獨立等級價格IATA International Air Transport Association 國際航空運輸協會IBC Intermediate Bulk Container 中型液體集裝箱ICAO International Civil Aviation Organization 國際民用航空組織ICC International Chamber of Commerce 國際商會ICP Internet Content provider 聯網內容供應商Intranet 企業內聯網Extranet 企業外聯網Internet 企業互聯網ICT Information and Communications Technology 資訊和通信技術IEEE the Institute of Electronic and Electrical Engineering 電子和電的工程學院IICL Institute of International Container Lessors 國際集裝箱出租商學會IMDG International Maritime Dangerous Goods Code 國際危險的商品代碼IMO International Maritime Organization 國際海事組織Incoterms International Commercial terms 國際貿易術語IP Internet Protocol 國際網路議定書IPI Interior Point Intermodal 經美國西岸入內陸運輸IPO Initial Public Offering 首次上市集資項目IRA Informal Rate Agreement 非正式運價協定ISAPI Internet Server Application Programming Interface 網際網路伺服器應用式設計介面ISDN Integrated Server Digital Network 綜合服務數字網路ISO International Standard Organization 國際標準化組織ISP Internet Service Provider 網絡供應商ISPS International Ship and Port Facility Security 國際船舶與港口保安設施規則JJIT Just In Time 運送及時KKbps Kilobits per second 千分之一秒K/T Kilo Tons 公噸LLASH Ligther Aboard Ship 集裝箱子母船LAN Local Area Networking 本區域網絡L/C Letter of Credit 信用證LCL Less (than) container Load 併箱散貨L/G Letter of Guarantee 保函L.I. Liner Inward 入口航線LILO Last-in, Last-out 貨物後進倉和後出倉的安排L.I.O. Liner In and Out 船方負責裝卸費, 但不包碼頭費L.L.M.C Limitation of Liability for Maritime Claims 海事索賠任限制L.O.A. Length Overall 全長Lo-Lo ship Lift-on Lift-off ship 吊裝船LNG Liquefied Natural Gas 液化天然氣LPG Liquefied Petroleum Gas 液化石油汽LTL Less-than-truckload 散貨拼車MMAWB Master Air Waybill 空運提單MB Megabyte 百萬位元MBO Management By Objective 目標管理Mbps Millions of bits per second 數百萬位分之一秒MIS Management Information System 管理資訊系統MLB Mainland Bridge 大陸橋運輸模式MLO Main Line Operators 遠洋船公司MMS Multimedia Messaging Services 多型通訊聯繫服務MPEG Motion Picture Experts Group 活動圖片小組專家MQC Minimum Quantity Commitment 最小數量承諾MRP Material Requirements Planning 材料需要計劃M/S Motor Ship 輪船MSDS Material Safety Data Sheet 材料安全資料表MTO Multimode Transport Operator 聯運商NN/A Not Applicable/Not Available 不適用╱無資料NAP Network Access Point 網路途徑點N.O.E. Not Otherwise Enumerated 除非另有列名N.O.S. Not Otherwise Specified 除非另有指定NVOCC Non Vessel Operating Common Carrier 無船舶公共承運商OOCP Overland Common Point 內陸公共交貨點OEM Original Equipment Manufacturer 原產商O/H Over Height 超出正常高度OPM Other People's Money 籌集資金ORC Origin Receiving Charge 始發港付加費O/S Open Side Container 開邊集裝箱O/T Open Top Container 開頂集裝箱O/W Over Width 超出正常闊度PP2P Path to Profit 對得益的路徑PCD Pitch Circle Diameter 間隔圓圈直徑PCS Port Congestion Surcharge 港口擠塞附加費PDA Personal Digital Assistant 電子手賬PDF Portable Document Format 便攜式文件版式PENAVICO China Ocean Shipping Company 中國外輸代理公司（外代）P&I Club Protection and Indemnity Club 英國標準保賠會PKI Public Key Infrastructure 公開鑰匙基礎POD Port of Discharge 卸貨港POL Port of Loading 裝貨港POP Point of Presence 存在的點PPP Point-to-Point Protocol 點對點的草案PSS Peak Season Surcharge 季節附加費PSTN Public Switched Telephone Network 公開轉換電話網路PTO Please Turn Overleaf 請閱後頁PWS Personal Web Server 私人伺服器QQDII Qualified Domestic Institutional Investors 國內機構投資者赴海外投資資格認定制度QFII Qualified Foreign Institutional Investors 國外機構投資者到內地投資資格認定制度RRAM Random Access Memory 隨機途徑記憶（存儲器）RF Reefer Container 冷藏集裝箱RFP Request For proposal 書面建議要求RFQ Request For Quotation 書面報價要求RFRC Rail Fuel Recovery Charge 軌道燃料恢復費用RMB Renminbi 人民幣Ro-Ro ship Roll-on Roll-off ship 滾裝船ROA Return On Assets 資產回報ROI Return On Investment 投資回報RRS Rate Restoration Surcharge 比率修復附加費R/T Revenue Tons 計費噸SSAN Storage Area Network 網路存儲SET Secure Electronic Transaction 安全電子交易S/C Service Contract 貨量簽訂合同SCM Supply Chain Management 鏈鎖供給管理S.G. Specific Gravity 特殊的重力SKU Stock Keeping Unit 儲備保持的單位SINOTRANS China National Foreign trade and Transportation Corporation 中國對外貿易運輸公司（外運）SNMP Simple Network Management Protocol 簡單網路管理草案SME Small and Medium-size Enterprises 中、小型企業SMS Short Message Services 短訊服務SMTP Simple Mail Transport Protocol 簡單郵件運輸草案S/O Shipping Order 裝船單S.O.C Shipper's Own Container 付貨人所屬集箱SQL Structure Query Language 架構疑問語S/S Steamship 言輪船SSL Secure Socket Layer 付款加密法S.T.C. Said To Contain 據報內裝TTACA Transatlantic Conference Agreement 跨大西洋公會協定TCP Transmission Control Protocol 傳輸控制草案TEU Twenty-foot Equivalent Unit 20英呎標準集裝箱計算單位T.H.C. Terminal Handling Charge 碼頭操作費TMS Transportation Management System 運輸管理系統TOFC Trailer-on-Flatcar 集裝箱車架輸送TQC Total Quality Control 全面品質控制TQM Total Quality Management 全面品質管理T.R.S. Terminal Receiving Station 碼頭收貨站TSA Transpacific Stabilization Agreement 跨太平洋穩定協議TSR Trans Siberian Railway 西伯利亞大鐵路T/T Telegraphic Transfer 電匯TVC Time Volume Contract 時間貨量合同TWRA Transpacific Westbound Rate Agreement 泛太平洋西向運費協會UUCP500 Uniform Customs and practice forDocumentary Credits 跟單信用證統一慣例和實務UHF Ultra High frequency 特高頻ULCC Ultra Large Crude Carrier 50萬噸油輸ULD Unit Load Device 成組器UNCTAD United Nations Conference of Tradeand Development 聯合國貿發會議URL Uniform Resource Locator 網址VV.A.T Value Added Tax 增值稅VHF Very High Frequency 甚高頻VLCC Very Large Crude Carrier 20萬噸油輪VMI Vendor Managed Inventory 供應商的存貨管理系統VOC Vessel Operating Carrier 船舶承運商V.O.W. Vehicle On Wheel 可駕駛的車輛VPN Virtual Private Network 虛擬網路VSL Vessel 輪船WWAP Wireless Appreciation Protocol 無線應（運）用草案WCS Wireless Communications Service 無線通信服務WMS Warehouse Management System 倉庫管理系統W.R. War Risks 兵險W.W. Warehouse Warrant 倉單WWW World Wide Web 全球資訊網XXML Extensible Mark-up Language 可延長的記號語言YYAS Yen Appreciate Surcharge 日圓調整費。

外文资料和中文翻译外文资料：Review of UMTS1.1 UMTS Network ArchitectureThe European/Japanese 3G standard is referred to as UMTS. UMTS is one of a number of standards ratified by the ITU-T under the umbrella of IMT-2000. It is currently the dominant standard, with the US CDMA2000 standard gaining ground, particularly with operators that have deployed cdmaOne as their 2G technology. At time of writing,Japan is the most advanced in terms of 3G network deployment. The three incumbent operators there have implemented three different technologies: J-Phone is using UMTS,KDDI has a CDMA2000 network, and the largest operator NTT DoCoMo is using a system branded as FOMA (Freedom of Multimedia Access). FOMA is based on the original UMTS proposal, prior to its harmonization and standardization.The UMTS standard is specified as a migration from the second generation GSM standard to UMTS via the General Packet Radio System (GPRS) and Enhanced Data for Global Evolution (EDGE), as shown in Figure. This is a sound rationale since as of April 2003, there were over 847 Million GSM subscribers worldwide1, accounting for68% of the global cellular subscriber figures. The emphasis is on keeping as much ofthe GSM network as possible to operate with the new system.We are now well on the road towards Third Generation (3G), where the network will support all traffic types: voice, video and data, and we should see an eventual explosion in the services available on the mobile device. The driving technology for this is the IP protocol. Many cellular operators are now at a position referred to as 2.5G, with the deployment of GPRS, which introduces an IP backbone into the mobile core network.The diagram below, Figure 2, shows an overview of the key components in a GPRS network, and how it fits into the existing GSM infrastructure.The interface between the SGSN and GGSN is known as the Gn interface and uses the GPRS tunneling protocol (GTP, discussed later). The primary reason for the introduction of this infrastructure is to offer connections to external packet networks, such as the Internet or a corporate Intranet.This brings the IP protocol into the network as a transport between the SGSN and GGSN. This allows data services such as email or web browsing on the mobile device,with users being charged based on volume of data rather than time connected.The dominant standard for delivery of 3G networks and services is the Universal Mobile Telecommunications System, or UMTS. The first deployment of UMTS is the Release ’99 architecture, shown below in Figure 3.In this network, the major change is in the radio access network (RAN) with the introduction of CDMA technology for the air interface, and ATM as a transport in the transmission part. These changes have been introduced principally to support the transport of voice, video and data services on the same network. The core network remains relatively unchanged, with primarily software upgrades. However, the IP protocol pushes further into the network with the RNC now communicating with the 3G SGSN using IP.The next evolution step is the Release 4 architecture, Figure 4. Here, the GSM core is replaced with an IP network infrastructure based around Voice over IP technology.The MSC evolves into two separate components: a Media Gateway (MGW) and an MSC Server (MSS). This essentially breaks apart the roles of connection and connection control. An MSS can handle multiple MGWs, making the network more scaleable.Since there are now a number of IP clouds in the 3G network, it makes sense to merge these together into one IP or IP/ATM backbone (it is likely both options will be available to operators.) This extends IP right across the whole network, all the way to the BTS.This is referred to as the All-IP network, or the Release 5 architecture, as shown in Figure 5. The HLR/VLR/EIR are generalised and referred to as the HLR Subsystem(HSS).Now the last remnants of traditional telecommunications switching are removed, leaving a network operating completely on the IP protocol, and generalised for the transport of many service types. Real-time services are supported through the introduction of a new network domain, the IP Multimedia Subsystem (IMS).Currently the 3GPP are working on Release 6, which purports to cover all aspects not addressed in frozen releases. Some call UMTS Release 6 4G and it includes such issues as interworking of hot spot radio access technologies such as wireless LAN.1.2 UMTS FDD and TDDLike any CDMA system, UMTS needs a wide frequency band in which to operate to effectively spread signals. The defining characteristic of the system is the chip rate, where a chip is the width of one symbol of the CDMA code. UMTS uses a chip rate of 3.84Mchips/s and this converts to a required spectrum carrier of 5MHz wide. Since this is wider than the 1.25MHz needed for the existing cdmaOne system, the UMTS air interface is termed ‘wideband’ CDMA.There are actually two radio technologies under the UMTS umbrella: UMTS FDD and TDD. FDD stands for Frequency Division Duplex, and like GSM, separates traffic in the uplink and downlink by placing them at different frequency channels. Therefore an operator must have a pair of frequencies allocated to allow them to run a network, hence the term ‘paired spectrum’. TDD or Time Division Duplex requires only one frequency channel, and uplink and downlink traffic are separated by sending them at different times. The ITU-T spectrum usage, as shown in Figure 6, for FDD is 1920- 980MHz for uplink traffic, and 2110-2170MHz for downlink. The minimum allocation an operator needs is two paired 5MHz channels, one for uplink and one for downlink, at a separation of 190MHz. However, to provide comprehensive coverage and services, it is recommended that an operator be given three channels. Considering the spectrum allocation, there are 12 paired channels available, and many countries have now completed the licencing process for this spectrum, allocating between two and four channels per licence. This has tended to work out a costly process for operators, since the regulatory authorities in some countries, notably in Europe, have auctioned these licences to the highest bidder. This has resulted in spectrum fees as high as tens of billions of dollars in some countries.The Time Division Duplex (TDD) system, which needs only one 5MHz band in which to operate, often referred to as unpaired spectrum. The differences between UMTS FDD and TDD are only evident at the lower layers, particularly on the radio interface. At higher layers, the bulk of the operation of the two systems is the same. As the name suggests, the TDD system separates uplink and downlink traffic by placing them in different time slots. As will be seen later, UMTS uses a 10ms frame structure which is divided into 15 equal timeslots. TDD can allocate these to be either uplink or downlink,with one or more breakpoints between the two in a frame defined. In this way, it is well suited to packet traffic, since this allows great flexibility in dynamically dimensioning for asymmetry in traffic flow.The TDD system should not really be considered as an independent network, but rather as a supplementfor an FDD system to provide hotspot coverage at higher data rates. It is rather unsuitable for large scale deployment due to interference between sites, since a BTS may be trying to detect a weak signal from a UE, which is blocked out by a relatively strong signal at the same frequency from a nearby BTS. TDD is ideal for indoor coverage over small areas.Since FDD is the main access technology being developed currently, the explanations presented here will focus purely on this system.1.3 UMTS Bearer ModelThe procedures of a mobile device connecting to a UMTS network can be split into two areas: the access stratum (AS) and the non-access stratum (NAS). The access stratum involves all the layers and subsystems that offer general services to the non-access stratum. In UMTS, the access stratum consists of all of the elements in the radio access network, including the underlying ATM transport network, and the various mechanisms such as those to provide reliable information exchange. All of the non-access stratum functions are those between the mobile device and the core network, for example, mobility management. Figure 7 shows the architecture model. The AS interacts with the NAS through the use of service access points (SAPs).UMTS radio access network (UTRAN) provides this separation of NAS and AS functions, and allows for AS functions to be fully controlled and implemented within the UTRAN. The two major UTRAN interfaces are the Uu, which is the interface between the mobile device, or User Equipment (UE) and the UTRAN, and the Iu, which is the interface between the UTRAN and the core network. Both of these interfaces can be divided into control and user planes each with appropriate protocol functions.A Bearer Service is a link between two points, which is defined by a certain set of characteristics. In the case of UMTS, the bearer service is delivered using radio access bearers.A Radio access bearer (RAB) is defined as the service that the access stratum (i.e.UTRAN) provides to the non-access stratum for transfer of user data between the User Equipment and Core Network. A RAB can consist of a number of subflows, which are data streams to the core network within the RAB that have different QoS characteristics,such as different reliabilities. A common example of this is different classes of bits with different bit error rates can be realised as different RAB subflows. RAB subflows are established and released at the time the RAB is established and released, and are delivered together over the same transport bearer.A Radio Link is defined as a logical association between a single User Equipment (UE) and a single UTRAN access point, such as an RNC. It is physically comprised of one or more radio bearers and should not be confused with radio access bearer.Looking within the UTRAN, the general architecture model is as shown in Figure 8 below. Now shown are the Node B or Base Station (BTS) and Radio Network Controller (RNC) components, and their respective internal interfaces. The UTRAN is subdivided into blocks referred to as Radio Network Subsystems (RNS), where each RNS consists of one controlling RNC (CRNC) and all the BTSs under its control. Unique to UMTS is the interface between RNSs, the Iur interface, which plays a key role in handover procedures. The interface between the BTS and RNC is the Iub interface.All the ‘I’ interfaces: Iu, Iur and Iub, currently3 use ATM as a transport layer. In the context of ATM, the BTS is seen as a host accessing an ATM network, within which the RNC is an ATM switch. Therefore, the Iub is a UNI interface, whereas the Iu and Iur interfaces are considered to be NNI, as illustrated in Figure 9.This distinction is because the BTS to RNC link is a point-to-point connection in that a BTS or RNC will only communicate with the RNC or BTS directly connected to it, and will not require communication beyond that element to another network element.For each user connection to the core network, there is only one RNC, which maintains the link between the UE and core network domain, as highlighted in Figure 10. This RNC is referred to as the serving RNC or SRNC. That SRNC plus the BTSs under its control is then referred to as the SRNS. This is a logical definition with reference to that UE only. In an RNS, the RNC that controls a BTS is known as the controlling RNC or CRNC. This is with reference to the BTS, cells under its control and all the common and shared channels within.As the UE moves, it may perform a soft or hard handover to another cell. In the case of a soft handover, the SRNC will activate the new connection to the new BTS. Should the new BTS be under the control of another RNC, the SRNC will also alert this new RNC to activate a connection along the Iur interface. The UE now has two links, one directly to the SRNC, and the second, through the new RNC along the Iur interface. In this case, this new RNC is logically referred to as a drift RNC or DRNC, see Figure 10. It is not involved in any processing of the call and merely relays it to the SRNC for connection to the core. In summary, SRNC and DRNC are usually associated with the UE and the CRNC is associated with the BTS. Since these are logical functions it is normal practice that a single RNC is capable of dealing with all these functions.A situation may arise where a UE is connected to a BTS for which the SRNC is not the CRNC for that BTS. In that situation, the network may invoke the Serving RNC Relocation procedure to move the core network connection. This process is described inSection 3.中文翻译：通用移动通信系统的回顾1.1 UMTS网络架构欧洲/日本的3G标准，被称为UMTS。

中国移动通信企业标准 家庭网关终端技术规范版本号：3.0.0 中国移动通信集团公司 发布╳╳╳╳-╳╳-╳╳发布 ╳╳╳╳-╳╳-╳╳实施 QB-╳╳-╳╳╳-╳╳╳╳T e c h n i c a l S p e c if i c a t i o n f o r H o m e G a t e w a y目录1. 范围 ................................................................................................................................................2. 规范性引用文件 .............................................................................................................................3. 术语、定义和缩略语 .....................................................................................................................4. 设备总体定义.................................................................................................................................4.1.设备在网络中的位置 ..................................................................................................................4.2.接口定义 ......................................................................................................................................4.3.设备类型 ......................................................................................................................................5. 接入型家庭网关 .............................................................................................................................5.1.接口要求 ......................................................................................................................................网络侧接口......................................................................................................................................网络侧接口描述..........................................................................................................................................网络侧以太网接口要求..............................................................................................................................接口要求 .......................................................................................................................................................接口要求 .......................................................................................................................................................接口要求 .......................................................................................................................................................用户侧接口......................................................................................................................................用户侧以太网接口要求..............................................................................................................................接口 ...............................................................................................................................................................接口（可选）................................................................................................................................................5.2.功能要求 ......................................................................................................................................数据通信要求..................................................................................................................................协议要求 .......................................................................................................................................................数据转发功能要求......................................................................................................................................功能要求 .......................................................................................................................................................地址管理及拨号管理功能要求....................................................................................................................地址管理及拨号管理功能要求....................................................................................................................要求 ...............................................................................................................................................................要求 ...............................................................................................................................................................组播要求 .....................................................................................................................................................其他功能要求..............................................................................................................................................安全要求..........................................................................................................................................防火墙 .........................................................................................................................................................登陆WEB页面的安全要求..........................................................................................................................设备安全性 .................................................................................................................................................要求....................................................................................................................................................功能要求............................................................................................................................................扩展及管理（可选）........................................................................................................................设备发现要求.........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................（可选） .......................................................................................................................................................支持WLAN的开启和禁用............................................................................................................................基本要求 .....................................................................................................................................................多SSID要求................................................................................................................................................安全要求 .......................................................................................................................................................5要求 ............................................................................................................................................................要求 ...............................................................................................................................................................基本应用要求................................................................................................................................... WLAN共享 ..................................................................................................................................................家庭存储（可选）......................................................................................................................................5.3.性能要求 ......................................................................................................................................路由转发性能要求..........................................................................................................................吞吐量 .........................................................................................................................................................地址学习 .....................................................................................................................................................缓存大小 (23)连接数量要求.............................................................................................................................................. 无线性能要求....................................................................................................................................吞吐量性能要求 (23)覆盖性能要求................................................................................................................................................接收灵敏度要求............................................................................................................................................5.4.管理和维护要求 (24)本地管理和配置要求......................................................................................................................本地管理基本要求......................................................................................................................................用户分级管理 (24)系统信息管理..............................................................................................................................................基本配置 .....................................................................................................................................................高级配置 .....................................................................................................................................................设备管理 .....................................................................................................................................................网络诊断 .....................................................................................................................................................设备认证注册功能......................................................................................................................................远程管理要求..................................................................................................................................远程管理基本要求......................................................................................................................................远程参数配置和性能监测..........................................................................................................................远程故障诊断功能......................................................................................................................................设备告警功能..............................................................................................................................................远程链路维持功能......................................................................................................................................软件远程管理..............................................................................................................................................业务部署和控制..........................................................................................................................................上行家庭网关远程管理实现方式 ................................................................................................................日志功能要求..................................................................................................................................5.5.预配置要求 ..................................................................................................................................预配置要求......................................................................................................................................5.6.硬件要求 ......................................................................................................................................基本要求..........................................................................................................................................硬件基本框图示例..........................................................................................................................5.7.软件要求 ......................................................................................................................................基本要求..........................................................................................................................................软件基本架构................................................................................................. 错误!未定义书签。

1.1音视频编解码技术1.1.1 MPEG4MPEG全称是Moving Pictures Experts Group，它是“动态图象专家组”的英文缩写，该专家组成立于1988年，致力于运动图像及其伴音的压缩编码标准化工作，原先他们打算开发MPEG1、MPEG2、MPEG3和MPEG4四个版本，以适用于不同带宽和数字影像质量的要求。

目前，MPEG1技术被广泛的应用于VCD，而MPEG2标准则用于广播电视和DVD等。

MPEG3最初是为HDTV开发的编码和压缩标准，但由于MPEG2的出色性能表现，MPEG3只能是死于襁褓了。

MPEG4于1999年初正式成为国际标准。

它是一个适用于低传输速率应用的方案。

与MPEG1和MPEG2相比，MPEG4更加注重多媒体系统的交互性和灵活性MPEG1、MPEG2技术当初制定时，它们定位的标准均为高层媒体表示与结构，但随着计算机软件及网络技术的快速发展，MPEG1、MPEG2技术的弊端就显示出来了：交互性及灵活性较低，压缩的多媒体文件体积过于庞大，难以实现网络的实时传播。

而MPEG4技术的标准是对运动图像中的内容进行编码，其具体的编码对象就是图像中的音频和视频，术语称为“AV对象”，而连续的AV对象组合在一起又可以形成AV场景。

因此，MPEG4标准就是围绕着AV对象的编码、存储、传输和组合而制定的，高效率地编码、组织、存储、传输AV 对象是MPEG4标准的基本内容。

在视频编码方面，MPEG4支持对自然和合成的视觉对象的编码。

（合成的视觉对象包括2D、3D动画和人面部表情动画等）。

在音频编码上，MPEG4可以在一组编码工具支持下，对语音、音乐等自然声音对象和具有回响、空间方位感的合成声音对象进行音频编码。

由于MPEG4只处理图像帧与帧之间有差异的元素，而舍弃相同的元素，因此大大减少了合成多媒体文件的体积。

应用MPEG4技术的影音文件最显著特点就是压缩率高且成像清晰，一般来说，一小时的影像可以被压缩为350M左右的数据，而一部高清晰度的DVD电影, 可以压缩成两张甚至一张650M CD光碟来存储。

IP多媒体子系统IMSIP多媒体子系统（IMS）是一种基于IP网络的集成电信解决方案，它将多种通信和媒体服务整合到一个统一的平台上。

IMS 是现代电信网络的核心，为用户提供了丰富的通信体验和更高质量的服务。

IMS的核心功能是实现多媒体通信服务，它支持语音、视频、短信和数据等不同形式的通信。

IMS通过使用IP协议，提供了一种开放的通信环境，可以与其他服务进行集成，如VoIP （Voice over IP）和视频通话。

IMS的设计基于多种协议和技术，包括SIP（Session Initiation Protocol）、SDP（Session Description Protocol）、RTP（Real-time Transport Protocol）、H.323（ITU-T推荐的一种多媒体传输协议）和MPEG（Moving Picture Experts Group）等。

这些协议和技术共同构成了IMS的基础架构，使其支持多种媒体通信服务。

IMS的架构包括以下几个核心组件：1. P-CSCF（Proxy-Call Session Control Function）：作为用户和IMS网络间的接口，负责呼叫的鉴权、路由和策略控制等功能。

2. S-CSCF（Serving-Call Session Control Function）：负责处理用户的呼叫请求，包括鉴权、会话管理、策略和访问控制等。

3. I-CSCF（Interrogating-Call Session Control Function）：负责处理呼叫路由以及用户鉴权请求，并将呼叫请求传递给适当的S-CSCF。

4. MGCF（Media Gateway Control Function）：负责控制语音和视频通信等媒体流的转发和转码。

5. HSS（Home Subscriber Server）：存储用户的个人信息和权限，辅助IMS进行会话管理和鉴权。

吐血推荐：通信英语缩语手册(M&HIRS-MFC)M&HIRS Multi-media & Hypermedia Information Retrieval System 多媒体和超媒体信息检索系统M-ACPA Multimadia Audio Capture and Play back Adapter 多媒体音频抓取回放适配器M-F Mobile network to Fixed network call 移动网络对固定网络的呼叫M-O Magneto-Optic 磁光MA Multipoint Access 多点接入MA Multiple Access 多路存取MAC Multiple Access Channel 多址接入信道MAC Multiple Access Capabillity 多址接入能力MAC Multi Address Call 多址呼叫MAC Message Authentication Code 消息认证码MAC Message Authentication Check 消息认证检验MAC Media Access Control 媒体接入控制MAC Maintenance and Administration Center 维护管理中心MACA Multiple Access Collision Avoidance 多址冲突避免MACC Medium ACcess Controller 媒体接入控制器MACE Media-Access Controller for Ethernet 以太网的媒体存取控制器MACNET Multiple Access Customer NETwork 多址访问用户网络MACS Multi-Access Communication System 多址接入通信系统MACU Media Access Control Unit 媒体接入控制单元MAD Multiple Access Device 多路存取设备MAD Mean Access Delay 平均接入延迟MADA Multiple Access Discrete Address 多址接入离散地址MADE Multichannel Analogue-to-digital Data Encoder 多路模数数据编码器MADI Multichannel Audio Digital Interface 多声道数字接口MADS Multiple Access Digital System 多路存取数字系统MADS Multiple Access Data System 多路存取数据系统MAHO Mobile Aided controlled HandOver 移动台辅助控制的越区切换MAI Multiple Address Instruction 多地址指令MAI Multiple Access Interference 多址接入干扰MAI MAintenance Interface 维护接口MALCT MALicious Call Tracing 恶意呼叫追踪MALU Multimadia Authoring Language for UNIX UNIXMAM Media Access Mode 媒体存取模式MAN Multiple-Access Network 多址接入网络MAN Metropolitan Area Network 城域网MAN Maintenance Alert Network 维护警报网MAP Multiservice Access Platform 多服务接入平台MAP Multimedia Access Protocol 多媒体存取协议MAP Mobile Application Protocol 移动应用协议MAP Mobile Application Part 移动通信应用部分MAP Medium Access Protocol 媒体存取协议MAPDU Management Application Protocol Data Unit 管理应用协议数据单元MAPI Multimedia Application Programming Interface 多媒体应用编程接口MAPI Messaging Application Programming Interface 信报传递应用程序编程接口MAPPU Multimedia Authoring and Playing Platform for UNIX UNIX多媒体制作演播平台MAPS Multiple Address Processing System 多地址处理系统MAPU Multiple Address Processing Unit 多址处理设备MARISAT MARItime SATellite 海事卫星(通信)MARS Multiple Access Retrieval System 多路存取检索系统MARS Multimedia Audiovisual Retrieval Service 多媒体声视检索服务MARS Multicast Address Resolution Server 多播地址解释服务器MARS Military Affliated Radio System 军用附属无线电系统MARS MAchine Retrieval System 机器检索系统MAS Multiple Access System 多路存取系统MAS MASs calling 大众呼叫业务MASC Mobitex ASynchronous Communication 移动图文信息异步通信MASE Message Administration Service Element 消息管理服务单元MASS Multimedia Application Shared Service 多媒体应用共享业务MASS MAintenance SubSystem 维护子系统MASTER Multiple Access Shared Time Executive Routine 多路存取分时执行程序MAT Multidrop Access Trunk 多点分出接入中继线MAT Metropolitan Area Trunk 大城市中继线MAT Maintenance Access Terminal 维护接入终端MATD Maximum Acceptable Transit Delay 最大可接受转接时延MAU Multistation Access Unit 多站点存取单元MAU Multiple Access Unit 多重接入单元MAU Media Attachment Unit 媒体连接器MAU Media Access Unit 媒体存取设备MAU MAintenance Unit 维护单元MAUI Multimedia Application User Interface 多媒体应用用户接口MAVC Multimedia Audio Video Connection 多媒体音像连接MAVIX Multimedia Audio Video Information eXchange 多媒体音频视频信息交换MB MegaBytes 兆字节Mb Megabit 兆位MBA Multipoint Broadband Access 多点宽带接入MBAA Multiple-Beam Adaptive Array 多波束自适应阵列MBAN Multimedia Broadband Access Network 多媒体宽带接入网MBC Multicasting Balancing Circuit 多播平衡电路MBC Meteor Burst Communication 流星余迹通信MBHCA Million Busy Hour Call Attempt 百万次忙时试呼MBN Mesh-Bonding Network 网状网络MBONE Multicast backBONE 多播主干网MBPS MegaBytes Per Second 兆字节/秒MBS MoBile Station 移动站MBS Mobile Broadband System 移动宽带系统MBSU Multi Block Synchronization signal Unit 多信息组同步信号单元MBTP Multiple Buffer Transfer Protocol 多缓冲传递协议MC Multipoint Controller 多点控制器MC Multipoint Connection 多点连接MC Multimedia Computer 多媒体计算机MC Multimedia Communication 多媒体通信MC Module Control 模块控制MC Mobile Computer 移动式计算机MC Micro Cell 微小区MC Message Center 消息中心MC Message Categories 消息种类MC Media Control 媒体控制MC Master Clock 主时钟MC Maintenance Center 维护中心MC-CDMA MultiCode CDMA 多码CDMAMC-TDMA MultiCarrier Time Division Multiplexing Access 多载频时分多址接入MCA MultiChannel Access 多路接入MCA Micro Channel Architecture 微通道体系结构MCAL Malicious CALl 恶意呼叫MCAS MultiChannel Access System 多路接入系统MCC Multimedia Communication Channel 多媒体通信频道MCC Multichhannel Communication Center 多信道通信中心MCC Multicast Coordination Center 多播协调中心MCC Mobile Country Code 移动台国家码MCC Mobile Call Control 移动呼叫控制MCC Master Control Center 主控制中心MCC MAN Control Center 城域网络控制中心MCC Maintenance Control Center 维护控制中心MCC Main Communication Center 主通信中心MCCC Multi-Connection Call Control 多连接呼叫控制MCCP Multimedia Computing and Communication Platform 多媒体计算及通信平台MCCU Multiple Communication Control Unit 多路通信控制单元MCD Maximum Cell Delay 最大信元时延MCDN Micro-Cellular Data Network 微蜂窝数据通信网MCDQDB MultiChannel DQDB 多信道双队列数据总线MCDT Multimedia CD-ROM Title 多媒体光盘标题MCE Master Communication Equipment 主通信设备MCF Mobile Control Function 移动控制功能MCF Message Communication Function 消息通信功能MCF Management Communication Function 管理通信功能MCGA Multi-Color Graphics Array 多色彩图形阵列MCGA Multi-Color Graphics Adapter 多彩色图形适配卡MCHO Mobile Controlled HandOver 移动控制切换MCI Mobile Communication Interface 移动通信接口MCI Media Control Interface 媒体控制接口MCI Malicious Call Identification 恶意呼叫识别MCIC MultiChip Integrated Circuit 多芯片集成电路MCL Message Control Language 报文控制语言MCLR Mean Cell Loss Rate 平均信元丢失率MCM MultiCarrier Modulation 多载波调制MCM Maintenance Control Module 维护控制模块MCMF MultiCommodity Maximum Flow 多商品最大流量MCN Mobile Control Node 移动控制节点MCNS Multimedia Cable Network System 多媒体有线网系统MCP Multiflow Conversation Protoco 多流对话协议MCP Mass Calling Platform 大众呼叫平台MCPA MultiCarrier Power Amplifier 多载波功率放大器MCPC Multiple Channel Per Carrier 多信道单载波MCPN Mobile Customer Premises Network 移动用户驻地网MCPU Multiple Channel Processing Unit 多信道处理单元MCPU Multiple Call Processing Unit 多呼叫处理单元MCR Minimum Cell Rate 最低信元速率MCR Mean Cell Rate 平均信元率MCS Multipoint Conferencing Server 多点会议服务器MCS Multipoint Communication Service 多点通信业务MCS Multimedia Conferencing System 多媒体会议系统MCS Multimedia Chatting System 多媒体交谈系统MCS MultiCast Server 多播服务器MCS Microwave Communication System 微波通信系统MCS Message Control System 消息控制系统MCS Master Control Station 主控制站MCS Mass Calling Service 大众呼叫业务MCS Maritime Communications Subsystem 海事通信子系统MCS Maintenance-data Collection System 维护数据收集系统MCS Maintenance Control Subsystem 维护控制子系统MCSO Multimedia Communication Service Object 多媒体通信业务对象MCSS Military Communication Satellite System 军事通信卫星系统MCT Multicast Channel Translator 多播信道转换器MCTD Mean Cell Transfer Delay 平均信元传递时延MCU Multipoint Conference Unit 多点会议单元MCU Multipiont Control Unit 多点控制单元MCU Module Control Unit 模块控制单元MCU Mobile Control Unit 移动控制单元MCU Minimum Coding Unit 最小编码单元MCU Master Controller Unit 主控制器单元MCU Management and Communication Unit 管理和通信单元MD Multimode Distortion 多模失真MD Message Discrimination 消息鉴别MD Mediation Device 中介设备MD-IS Mobile Data Intermediate System 移动数据中间系统MDB Multimedia DataBase 多媒体数据库MDBMLS Multimedia DataBase Machine Learning System 多媒体数据库机器学习系统MDD Multimedia Database Design 多媒体数据库设计MDD Multi-Dimensional Database 多维数据库MDF Main Distribution Frame 主配线架MDI Medium Dependent Interface 媒体相关接口MDK Multimedia Development Kit 多媒体开发工具MDL Mirrored Data Links 镜像数据链接MDL Management entitiy and Data Link layer 管理实体与数据链路层(的通信) MDLP Mobile Data Link Protocol 移动数据链路协议MDM Multiplexer-DeMultiplexer 复用器-解复用器MDM Multimedia Data Management 多媒体数据管理MDM Media Device Manager 媒体设备管理程序MDNEXT Multiple-Disturber NEXT 多干扰近端串话MDOP Multimedia Data Operation Platform 多媒体数据*作平台MDR Message Detail Recorder 详细消息记录器MDS Multipoint Distribution System 多点分布系统MDS Multiple Data Stream 多数据流MDSE Message Delivery Service Element 消息传递服务单元MDSL Medium bit-rate Digital Subscriber Line 中比特率数字用户线MDSO Multimedia Data Storage and Organization 多媒体数据存储和组织MDSS Mass Digital Storage System 大容量数字存储系统MDU Management Data Unit 管理数据单元MDX Multiplexer-DemultipleXer 复用器-解复用器ME Maintenance Entity 维护实体ME Measurement Entity 测量实体MEF Maintenance Entity Function 维护实体功能MEI Maintenance Event Information 维护事件信息MEO Middle Earth Orbit 中地球轨道卫星MES Mobile Earth Station 移动地球站METON METropolitan Optical Network 都市光网络MexE Mobile station application execution Environment 移动基站应用执行系统MF Maintenance Funcation 维护功能MF Mediation Function 中介功能MF Medium Frequency 中频MF Multi-Frequency 多频MF-TDMA MultiFrequency Time Division Multiple Access 多频时分多址接入MFA Multi-Frame Alignment 多帧定位MFBT Multicast Forward / Backward Tree 多播前向/反向树形网络MFC Multicore-Fiber Cable 多芯光缆MFC Multi-Frame Code 多帧编码MFC Multi-Frequency Code 多频码MFC Multi-Frequency Code signaling 多频码信令MFC Multi-Frequency Control 多频控制吐血推荐：通信英语缩语手册(MFCR-MP3)MFCR Minimum Free Capacity Routing 最小自由容量选路MFOTS Military Fiber-Optic Transmission System 军用光纤传输系统MFREC Multi-Frequency RECeiver 多频接收器MFS Metropolitan Fiber Syster 都市光纤系统MFS Multi-Frame Structure 复帧结构MFS Multi-Frame Synchronizer 复帧同步器MFS Multiple Frequency Shift 多频位移MFSND Multi-Frequency SeNDer 多频发送器MFT Multi-Function Terminal 多功能终端MG Media Gateway 媒体网关MG Multicast Grouping 多播分组MGCP Media Gateway Control Protocol 媒体网关控制协议MGF Mobile Gateway Function 移动网关功能MGPF Mobile Geographic Position Function 移动地理定位功能MGS Mobile Gateway Switch 移动网关交换MGS Multimedia Gateway Server 多媒体网关服务器MGW Media GateWay 媒体网关MH Message Handler 报文处理程序MH Message Handling 消息处理MH Mobile Host 移动式主机MHE Message Handling Environment 消息处理环境MHEG Multimedia Hypermedia Expert Group 多媒体超媒体专家组标准MHN Multimedia Handling Node 多媒体处理节点MHS Message Handling Systems 消息处理系统MHS-SE Message Handling System Service Element 消息处理系统业务单元MI Mutiplex Interface 复用接口MIAS Multipoint Interactive Audiovisual System 多点交互式声视系统MIB Management Information Base 管理信息库MIBC Management Information Base Chip 管理信息库芯片MIC Media Interface Connector 媒体接口连接器MIC Message Identification Code 消息识别码MIC Module Interface Circuit 模块接口电路MIC Multimode Image Coding 多模图像编码MICA Media Informetion Communication Application 媒体信息通信应用程序MICE Mamagement Information Control Exchang 管理信息控制交换MID Message IDentification 报文标志MID Multiplexing IDentifier 复用标志MIDI Musical Instrument Digital Interface 乐器数字化接口MIDS Management Information Dataflow System 管理信息数据流系统MIDS Multimedia Intelligent Database Systems 多媒体智能数据库系统MIE Micromedia Information Exchange 微媒体信息交换MIE Multipurppose Internet Extensions 多用途因特网扩充MIF Management Information Format 管理信息格式MII Media-Independent Interface 与媒体无关的接口MII Mobile Information Infrastructure 移动通信信息基础设施MILS MAC Internal Layer Service MAC层内服务MIM Management Information Model 管理信息模型MIMD Multiple Instruction Multiple-Data 多指令多数据流MIME Multipurpose Internet Mail Extension 多用途因特网邮件扩展MIN Mobile Intelligent Network 移动智能网MIN Multistage Interconnected Network 多级互连网MIP Multimedia Information Provider 多媒体信息提供者MIP Multiple Information Passageway 多信息通道方式MIPS Million Instructions Per Second 每秒百万指令MIRS Multimedia Information Recall System 多媒体信息检索系统MIS Management Information Services 管理信息服务MIS Management Information System 管理信息系统MIS Multiple Interactive Screen 多交互式屏幕MISDN Mobile Integrated Service Digital Network 移动综合业务数字网MIT Management Information Tree 管理信息树MIT Modular Intelligent Terminal 模块化智能终端MITS Multimedia Interactive Telelearning System 多媒体交互远程学习系统MIU Multi-Interface Unit 多接口装置MIU Multimedia Information User 多媒体信息用户MIU Multistation Interface Unit 多站接口装置MJP Micro Java Processor 微型Java处理器MK Master Key 主密钥MKS Multimedia Kiosk Service 多媒体触摸屏服务ML-EDF Mode-Locked Erbium Doped Fiber 锁模掺铒光纤ML-FRL Mode-Locked Fiber Ring Laser 锁模光纤环型激光器MLAN Multichannel Local Area Network 多通道局域网MLAP MAC Level Access Protocol 媒体接入控制层接入协议MLC Mobile Local Circuit 移动通信本地电路MLLR Multi-rate Least-Loaded Routing 多速率最低负载选路MLLRP Multi-rate Least-Loaded Routing with Packing 多速率最低负载分组选路MLN Middle Level Network 中级网络MLP Machine Language Program 机器语言程序MLP Message Link Protocol 报文链路协议MLP Multi-Layer Protocol 多层协议MLP MultiLink Procedure 多链路规程MLR Most-Loaded Routing 最多负载选路MLS Multimedia Learning Station 多媒体学习站MLT MultiLink Trunking 多链路骨干技术MM Maintenance Management 维护管理MM Maintenance Module 维护模块MM Mass Memory 大容量存储器MM Mixed Mode 混合方式MM Mobility Management 移动性管理MM Modelling Multimedia 建模多媒体MM MultiMedia 多媒体MM MultiMode 多模MM/MMI MultiMedia / MultiModel Interface 多媒体/多方式接口MMA Multiple Module Access 多模块存取MMAC MultiMedia Access Center 多媒体访问中心MMAP Mobility Management Application Protocol 移动性管理应用协议MMC Maintanance, Monitoring and Control 维护和监控MMC Man-Machine Communication 人机通信MMC Man-Machine Controller 人机控制器MMC Meet-Me Conference 会聚式会议电话MMC MultiMedia Communication 多媒体通信MMC MultiMedia Communicator 多媒体通信体MMC MultiMedia Controller 多媒体控制器MMC Multimedia Marketing Council 多媒体市场委员会MMC Multimedia Multiparty Conferencing 多媒体多方会议MMC MultiMedia Collaboration 多媒体协作MMCA Message-Mode Communication Adapter 报文方式通信适配器MMCC MultiMedia Conference Control 多媒体会议控制MMCD MultiMedia Compact Disc 多媒体光盘MMCF MultiMedia Communications Forum 多媒体通信论坛MMCM MultiMedia Control Manager 多媒体控制管理器MMCP Multimedia Mail Content Protocol 多媒体邮件内容协议MMCS Multimedia Mobile Communication System 多媒体移动通信系统MMCX MultiMedia Communicaton eXchange 多媒体通信交换MMDD Management Multimedia Dynamic Data 多媒体动态数据管理MMDS Multichannel Microwave Distribution System 多频道微波分配系统MMDS Multichannel Multipoint Distribution Service 多信道多点分配服务MMDS Multipoint Multichannel Distribution System 多点多信道分配系统MME MultiMedia E-mail system 多媒体电子邮件系统MMEM MultiMedia Electronic Mail 多媒体电子函件MMF MultiMode Fiber 多模光纤MMH MultiMedia Hub 多媒体集线器MMI Man-Machine Interaction 人机交互MMI Man-Machine Interface 人机接口MMI MultiMedia Input 多媒体输入MMI Multi-Mode Interference 多模干扰MMIC Monolithic Microwave Integrated Circuit 单片微波集成电路MMIO MultiMedia I / O 多媒体输入/输出MMIS Multimedia Management Information System 多媒体管理信息系统MML Man-Machine Language 人机语言MML Multimedia Mechanism Layer 多媒体结构层MML Multimedia Module Library 多媒体模块库MMM Multi Modem Manager 多调制解调器管理器MMM MultiMedia Mail 多媒体邮件MMM MultiMedia Multiplexer 多媒体复用器MMM Multiunit network Management and Maintenance message 多单元网络管理和维护消息MMMD MultiMedia Multi-Database 多媒体多数据库MMMS Multimedia Mail Messaging Service 多媒体邮件报文服务MMMS MultiMedia Mail Service 多媒体邮政业务MMN MultiMedia Network 多媒体网MMNI Message Memory Network Interface 消息存储器网络接口MMP Maritime Mobile Phone 海上移动电话MMP Module Message Processor 模块消息处理器MMP Multiplexed Message Processor 复用信息处理器MMPC MultiMedia PC 多媒体个人计算机MMPDLL Multimedia Movie Player DLL 多媒体电影放映机DLL MMPM MultiMedia Picture Management 多媒体图像管理MMS Maritime Mobile Satellite system 海上移动卫星系统MMS Middleware Message Service 中间件消息业务MMS Model Management System 模型管理系统MMS MultiMedia Service 多媒体业务MMS Multi-Modular Storage 多模块存储器MMS Multiport Memory System 多端口存储器系统MMSAF MultiMedia Services Affiliate Forum 多媒体业务会员论坛MMSE Man-Machine System Engineering 人机系统工程学MMSE Minimum Mean Square Error 最小均方误差MMSER Minimum Mean Square Error Restoration 最小均方误差复原MMT MultiMedia Terminal 多媒体终端MMTS MultiMedia Transport System 多媒体传送系统MMU Mass Memory Unit 大容量存储器MMUI MultiMedia User Interface 多媒体用户接口MMV MultiMedia Viewer 多媒体观赏器MMW MultiMedia World 多媒体世界MMX MultiMedia eXtension 多媒体扩展MN/MX MiNimum / MaXimum 最小值/最大值MNC Mobile Network Code 移动网络代码MNC MultiNational Company 多国公司MNCS Multipoint Network Control System 多点网络控制系统MNF Multisystem Networking Facility 多系统连网设施MNH Minimum Number of Hops 最小跳频数MNP Microcom Network Protocol 微通网协议MNP Mobile telephone Number Portability 移动电话号码可携MNRU Modulated Noise Reference Unit 调制噪声参考单位MNSC Main-Network Switching Centre 主网络交换中心MNU MainteNance Unit 维护单元MO Managed Object 被管对象MO Memory Object 存储对象MOA Maintenance, Operation, Administration 维护、运行和管理MOAR Measurable One-way Attenuation Range 可测单向衰减范围MOAS Multimedia Office Automatic System 多媒体办公自动化系统MOC Maintenance Operations Center 维护运行中心MOD Magneto-Optic Disc 磁光碟片MOD Movies On-Demand 电影点播MOD Music On Demand 音乐点播MODAL Microwave Optical Duplex Antenna Link 微波光双工天线链路MODEM MOdulator-DEModulator 调制解调器MODI MODule Interface 模块接口MODID MODule IDentity 模块识别MODIF Modular Optical Digital InterFace 模块化光数字接口MOM Magneto-Optical Modulation 磁光调制MOM Maintenance Operation Modules 维护*作模式MOM Mass Optical Memory 大容量光存储器MOM Message Oriented Media 面向消息的媒体MOM Message Oriented Middleware 面向消息中间件MOMS Multiple Orbit-Multiple Satellite 多轨道，多卫星MONET MObile NETwork 移动网MONET Multi-wavelength Optical NETwork 多波长光网络MOOS Maintenance Out Of Service 停业维护MOP Maintenance and Operation Processing 维护和运行处理MOPS Million Operations Per Second 每秒百万次运算MOS Maintenance Operation Subsystem 维护运行子系统MOS Management Operating System 管理运行系统MOS Master Operating System 主*作系统MOS Mean Opinion Score 平均意见评分MOS Metal Oxide Semiconductor 金属-氧化物-半导体MOS Multimedia Operation Software 多媒体*作软件MOSPF Multicast Open Shortest Path First 多播开放式最短路径优先MOTIS Message-Oriented Text Interexchange System 面向报文的文本交换系统MOU Memorandum Of Understanging 谅解备忘录MP Main Processor 主处理器MP Maintenance Processor 维护处理器MP Management Point 管理点MP Management Process 管理过程MP Memory Protection 存储器保护 MP Message Passing 信息传递MP Message Priority 消息优先级MP Misrouting Probability 错接概率MP Module Processor 模块处理器MP Multipath Propagation 多径传播MP Multipoint Processor 多点处理器MP3 MPEG-1 layer 3 MPEG-1音频第三层标MPA Multichannel Protocol Analyser 多通道协议分析仪MPC Message Passing Coprocessor 信息传送协处理器MPC Minimum Performance Criterion 最低性能指标MPC MPOA Client MPOA客户机MPC Multimedia Personal Computer 多媒体个人计算机MPC Multimedia Product Council 多媒体产品协会MPC Multi-Processor Controller 多处理器控制器MPCI Mobile Protocol Capability Indicator 移动协议能力指示器MPCOS Multimedia Personal Computer Operating System 多媒体个人计算机*作系统MPD Mode Power Distribution 模功率分布MPDU Media Protocol Data Unit 媒体协议数据单元MPDU Message Protocol Data Unit 消息协议数据单元MPE Multimedia Processing Equipment 多媒体处理设备MPEG Motion Picture Experts Group 活动图像专家组(编码标准)MPF Mobile Packet processing Function 移动分组处理功能MPGA Mask Programmable Gate Array 掩模可编程门阵列MPI Message Passing Interface 消息传递接口MPI MultiPath Interference 多径干扰MPIC Message Processing Interrupt Count 信息处理中断计数MPICC Multimedia Personal Information Communication Center 多媒体个人信息通信中心MPIS MultiPurpose Information System 多用途信息系统MPL Message Processing Language 信息处理语言MPL Modular Part Library 模块化部件库MPL Multiple Parallel Loop 多平行环路MPLM Multiple PoLarization Modulation 多偏振(极化)调制MPLS Multi-Protocol Label Switching 多协议标记交换MPM Maintenance and Peripherals Module 维护和外围设备模块MPM Message Passing Model 报文传送模型MPM Message Processing Module 消息处理模块MPM Multi-Processor Mode 多处理机方式MPMP Microwave Point to MultiPoint 微波一点至多点MPNA MultiPort Network Adapter 多端口网络适配器MPOA MultiProtocol Over ATM ATM多协议运行MPOL MultiProblem Oriented Language 面向多种问题的语言MPP Massively Parallel Processor 大规模并行处理器MPP Message Passing Processing 报文传送处理MPP Message Processing Program 报文处理程序MPPF Multipoint Protocol Polling Function 多点协议*询功能MPR Multiple Protocol Router 多协议路由器MPS Message Processing System 信息处理系统MPS Mobile Phone Service 移动电话业务MPS Model Processing System 模型处理系统MPS MPOA Server MPOA服务器MPS MultiPriority System 多优先级系统MPSC MultiProtocol Serial Controller 多协议串行控制器MPSK Multiple Phase Shift Keying 多相移键控MPSR MultiPath Self-Routing 多通路自选路由MPTN Multi-Ptotocol Transport Network 多协议传输网络MPU Main Processor Unit 主处理器单元MPU Multimedia Processing Unit 多媒体处理单元MPVCS MultiPoint Video Conferencing System 多点视频会议系统MQ Message Queue 消息队列MR Modulation Rate 调制速率MR Multicast Repeater 多播复用器MRAS Multifame Remote Alarm Signal 多帧远程告警信号MRC Maximum Ratio Combining 最大比联合MRC Mobile Radio Communication 移动无线电通信MRCP Mobile Radio Control Post 移动无线电控制站MRCS Multiple Rate Circuit Switching 多速率电路交换MRM MultiResolution Modulation 多分辨率调制MRN Minimal Routing Number 最小路由选择数MRN Multiple Reflection Noise 多点反射噪声MRP Manufacturing Resource Planning 制造资源计划MRP Message Routing Process 信息路由选择过程MRRC Mobile Radio Resource Control 移动无线资源控制MRS Meeting Room System 会议室系统MRS Message Relay Service 消息转发业务MRSE Message Retrival Service Element 消息检索服务单元MRT Mean Repair Time 平均修复时间MRT Mean Response Time 平均响应时间MRT Message Routing Table 消息路由选择表MRTR Mobile Radio Transmit and Receive 移动无线电发射与接收MS Media Synchronization 媒体同步MS Message Storage 消息存储MS Message Store 消息存储器MS Mobile Service 移动业务MS Mobile Station 移动台MS Mobile Subscriber 移动用户MS Mode Scrambler 扰模器MS Multimedia System 多媒体系统MS Multiplex Section 复用段MS Multi-Stage 多级MS Mutual Synchronization 互同步MSA Multimedia Stream Adaptive 多媒体流量自调节器MSA Multiplex Section Adaptation 复用段适配MSAIS Multiplex Section Alarm Indication Signal 复用段告警指示信号MSAT Mobile SATellite 移动通信卫星MSB Maximum Spare Bandwidth 最大备用带宽MSB Most Significant Bit 最高有效位MSB Most Significant Byte 最高有效字节MSBP MultiService Billing Protocol 多业务计费协议MSB S MultiService Billing System 多业务计费系统MSC Main Switching Center 主交换中心MSC Master Supervision Center 主监控中心MSC Merge-Split Component 可组合分立式部件MSC Message Sequence Chart 信息序列图MSC Message Switching Center 信息交换中心MSC Mobile Switching Center 移动交换中心MSC Most Signification Character 最高有效字符MSC Multimedia Super Corridor (马来西亚)多媒体超级走廊MSCH Multiplex SubCHannel 复用子信道MSCM Multichannel SubCarrier Multiplexing 多信道副载波复用MSCP Mobility and Service Control Point 移动性和服务控制点MSCP Network Service Control Point 网络服务控制点MSCS Mass Storage Control System 大容量存储器控制系统MSCT Message Switching Concentration Technique 消息交换集中技术MSCU Multi Station Control Unit 多点控制单元MSD Medium Specific Decoder 中速专用译码器MSD Most Signification Digit 最高有效数字MSD SE Mobile Satellite Data Switching Exchange 移动卫星数据交换机MSD SL Multirate Single pair Digital Subscriber Line 多速率单对数字用户线MSE Maintenance SubEntity 维护子实体MSE Mean Squared Error 均方误差MSF Mass Storage Facility 大容量存储设备MSF Multichannel Selective Filter 多信道选择滤波器MSG S MeSseGe Switching 消息交换MSI Mobile Station Identification number 移动站识别号码MSIC Medium Scale Integrated Circuit 中规模集成电路MSID Mobile Station IDentifier 移动台识别码MSIN Mobile Subscriber Indentification Number 移动通信的用户识别号码MSIN MultiStage Interconnection Network 多级互连网络MSK Minimal Shift Keying 最小频移键控MSL MeSsege Length 消息长度MSL MicroStrip Laser 微带激光器MSL Mirrored Server Link 镜像服务器链接MSL Multimedia Software Layers 多媒体软件层MSL Multiplex Section Layer 复用段层MSL Multi-Satellite Link 多卫星链路MSLAN Middle Speed LAN 中速局域网MSLM Microchannel Spatial Light Modulator 微信道空间光调制器MSLR Main-to-Side Lobe Ratio 主/副瓣比MSM Matrix Stackable Module 矩阵式堆叠模块MSM Media Support Module 媒体支持模块MSM Message Switching Multiplexing 信息交换复用MSM Mobile Station Modem 移动站调制解调器MSM Multiwavelength Simultaneous Monitoring 多波长同步监视MSMC Multiwavelength Simultaneous Monitoring Circuit 多波长同步监视电路MSMR Multiple Service Multiple Resource 多业务多资源MSN Message Switching Network 消息交换网MSN Multi-Satellite Network 多卫星网络MSN Multi-Server Network 多服务器网络MSN Multi-System Networking 多系统联网MSN Mutual Synchronization Network 互同步网络MSNF Multi-System Networking Facility 多系统连网设备MSN S Multimedia Service Navigation System 多媒体业务导航系统MSO Multiple Service Operator 多业务运营商MSOH Multiplexing Section OverHead 复用段开销MSP Management Service Provider 管理服务提供商MSP Master Synchronization Pulse 主同步脉冲MSP Media Stream Protocol 媒体流协议MSP Mixed Signal Processing 混合信号处理MSP Multiplex Section Protection 复用段保护MSP Multi-Service Platform 多业务平台MSP MultiStream Processing 多数据流处理MSR Mobile Support Router 移动通信支持路由器MSRN Mobile Station Roaming Number 移动通信站漫游号码MSS MAN Switching System 城域网交换系统MSS Maritime Satellite Service 海事卫星业务MSS Mass Storage Subsystem 大容量存储器子系统MSS Master-Slave Synchronization 主-从同步MSS Metropolitan Switching System 城域交换系统MSS Mobile Satellite Service 移动卫星业务MSS Mobile Satellite System 移动卫星系统MSS Mobile Subscriber Station 移动用户站MSS Mobile Suporting Station 移动通信支持站MSS Multimedia System Service 多媒体系统业务MSS Maximum Segment Size 最大段宽MSSA Multi-Service Storage Architecture 多服务存储结构MSSC Maritime Satellite Switching Center 海事卫星交换中心MSSC Mobile Satellite Switching Center 移动通信卫星交换中心MSSC Mobile Service Switching Center 移动业务交换中心MSSCSG Modular Spread Spectrum Code-Sequence Generator 积木式扩频码序发生器MSSFU Mobile Satellite Store-and-Forward Unit 移动通信的卫星存储转发单元MSSR Multiple Service Single Resource 多业务单信源MST Minimum Spanning Tree 最小生成树吐血推荐：通信英语缩语手册(MST-MXU)MST Monolithic System Technology 单片系统技术MST Multi Service Terminal 多业务终端MST Multiplex Section Termination 复用段终接设备MSU Maintenance Signal Unit 维护信号单元MSU Mass Storage Unit 大容量存储单元MSU Message Signal Unit 消息信号单元MSU Multiple Signal Unit 多重信号单元MSU Multiple Subscriber Unit 多用户单元MSVC Meta Signaling Virtual Channel 元信令虚通道MSW Machine Status Word 机器状态字MSW MagnetoStatic Wave 静磁波MSW Message SWitch 消息交换器MT Machine Translation 机器翻译MT Magnetic Tape 磁带MT Maintenance Tree 维护树MT Master Terminal 主机终端MT Message Transfer 消息传送MT Message Type 消息类型MT Mobile Terminal 移动终端MT Multimedia Terminal 多媒体终端MT Multimedia Toolkits 多媒体工具包MT-CDMA MultiTone CDMA 多音CDMAMTA Message Transfer Agent 消息传送代理MTA Multimedia Titles and Application 多媒体节目及应用MTA Multimedia Transport API 多媒体运送应用编程接口MTA Multi-protocol Terminal Adaptor 多协议终端适配器MTAE Message Transfer Agent Entity 报文传送代理实体MTBC Mean Time Between Calls 平均呼叫间隔时间MTBC Mean Time Between Complaints 平均申告间隔时间MTBD Mean Time Between Defects 平均故障间隔时间MTBD Mean Time Between Degradation 平均衰变间隔时间MTBD Mean Time Between Detection 平均(故障)检测时间MTBE Mean Time Between Errors 平均错误间隔时间MTBF Maximal Time Between Faults 最大无故障工作时间MTBF Mean Time Between Failures 平均故障间隔时间MTBI Mean Time Between Interruption 平均中断间隔时间MTBM Mean Time Between Maintenance 平均维修间隔时间MTBM Mean Time Between Malfunction 平均误动作间隔时间MTBO Mean Time Between Overhauls 平均检修间隔时间MTBR Mean Time Between Removals 平均拆换间隔时间MTBR Mean Time Between Repairs 平均修理间隔时间MTBSE Mean Time Between Software Errors 平均软件错误间隔时间MTBSF Mean Time Between Service Failures 平均业务故障间隔时间MTBSF Mean Time Between System Failures 平均系统故障间隔时间MTBSO Mean Time Between Service Outage 平均业务中断间隔时间MTC Main Test Component 主测部件MTC Main Trunk Circuit 主干线电路MTC Message Transmission Control 信息传输控制MTC Multimedia Telephone Communication 多媒体电话通信MTCF Mean Time to Catastrophic Failure 平均出现严重故障的时间MTCM Message Transmission Control Module 消息传输控制模块MTCM Multiple Trellis-Coded Modulation 多格状编码调制MTCS Multimedia Telecommunication Conference System 多媒体电信会议系统MTD Maximum Transfer Delay 最大传送延迟MTDF Mean Time to Degradation Failure 平均出现衰变的时间MTDM Multimedia Time Division Modulator 多媒体时分调制器MTDTE Mobile Telephone Data Transfer Equipment 移动电话数据传送设备MTE Message Transfer Event 消息传送事件MTE Multisystem Test Equipment 多系统测试设备。