2020届二轮复习名词性从句
【考情分析】
1．what，that引导名词性从句的区别；
2．whether，if引导名词性从句的区别；
3．名词性从句与定语从句、状语从句的区别；
4．it作形式主语、形式宾语的情况；
5．名词性从句中的虚拟语气。
【知识归纳】
考点一：名词性从句分类
名词性从句相当于名词，可分别作主句的主语、表语、宾语和同位语。因此，名词性从句可分为主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句和同位从句。
（一）主语从句
1、主语从句在复合句作主语。
e.g. Who will go is not important.
2、用it作形式主语，主语从句放在句末。
e.g. It doesn’t matter so much whether you will come or not.
注意：that引导主语从句时，不能省略。
e.g. That he suddenly fell ill last week made us surprised.
（二）表语从句
1、表语从句在复合句中作表语，位于系动词之后。
e.g. The question was who could go there.
注意：引导表语从句的连接词that有时可省去。
e.g. My idea is (that) we can get more comrades to help in the work.
（三）宾语从句
1、宾语从句在复合句中作宾语。引导宾语从句的连词that一般可省略。
e.g. I hope (that) everything is all right.
2、介词之后的宾语从句，不可用which或if连接，要分别用what 或whether。
e.g. I’m interested in whether you’ve finished the work..
I’m interested in what you’ve said.
注意1：whether与if都可以引导宾语从句，常可互换。但下面情况不能互换。
①宾语从句是否定句时，只用if，不用whether。
e.g. I wonder if it doesn’t rain.
②用if 会引起误解，就要用whether。
e.g. Please let me know whether you want to go.（此句如果把whether改成if，容易当成条件句理解）
③宾语从句中的whether 与or not直接连用，就不能换成if；不直接连用，可换。
e.g. I don’t know whether or not the report is true.
I don’t know whether/ if the report is true or not.
注意2以下情况只能用whether
⑴介词后的宾语从句要用whether引导
⑵whether 可与不定式连用
⑶whether也可引导主语从句、表语从句、同位语从句，让步状
语从句，以上从句中均不能换成if
⑷宾语从句中的whether 与or not直接连用
e.g. It depends on whether we have enough money.
They don’t know whether to go there.
（四）同位语从句
同位语从句在句中作某一名词的同位语，一般位于该名词（如：news, fact, idea, suggestion, promise等）之后，说明该名词的具体内容。
e.g. I have no idea when he will be back.
The fact that he had not said anything surprised everybody.
1.同位语从句的功能
同位语从句对名词进一步解释，说明名词的具体内容，一般由that 引导。如：
The king’s decision that the prisoner would be set free surprised all the people.
国王作出的这名囚犯释放的决定让人们大吃一惊。
2.同位语在句子中的位置
同位语从句有时可以不紧跟在它所说明的名词后面，而是被别的词隔开。如：
He got the news from Mary that the sports meeting was put off.
他从玛丽那里得知运动会要延期举行。
3.同位语从句与定语从句的区别
1)定语从句中的that既代替先行词，同时在从句中作某个成分（主语或宾语），而同位语从句中的that是连词，只起连接主句与从句的作用，不充当句中任何成分。
2)定语从句是形容词性的，其功能是修饰先行词，对先行词加以限定，描述它的性质或特征；同位语从句是名词性的，其功能是对名词进行补充说明。如：
The news that he told me is that Tom would go abroad next year.
他告诉我的消息是汤姆明年将出国。（第一个that引导的从句是定语从句，that在从句中作宾语）
The news that Tom would go abroad is told by him.
汤姆将出国的消息是他讲的。（同位语从句，that在句中不作任何成分）
考点二名词性从句的关联词分类：
1．从属连词：that, whether, if, as if
注意：that, whether, if, as if。that 无词义，在从句中不担任成分，有时可省略；if (whether), as if虽有词义，但在从句中不担任成分。
Eg: The question is whether it is worth doing.
My hope is that she will soon be well again.（表语从句）
Everybody hopes that she will soon be well again.（宾语从句）
That she will soon be well again is our hope.（主语从句）
需要注意的是：引导主语从句，表语从句和同位语从句的情况，that是不可以省略的
2．连接代词：who, whom, whose, what, which, whoever, whomever, whatever, whichever
Eg:Who will take his place is unknown.
That is what he is worried about.
I have no idea which team will win.
注意：连接代词有词义，在从句中担任成分，如主语、表语、宾语、或定语等。
3．连接副词：when, where, why, how, whenever, wherever, however Eg:Where she has gone s not known yet.
Please tell me when we shall discuss our work plan.
This is why he is late.
You have no idea how worried I was.
注意：连接副词有词义，在从句中担任成分，作状语。
总结：连接代词与连接副词在句中不再是疑问句，因而从句中谓语不用疑问式，而应用陈述语序。连接代词与连接副词在从句充当句子成分，连接词whether 和if（是否），as if（好象）在从句中不充当句子成分，只起连接作用。根据句义，如果连接代词与连接副词，whether、if 和as if都用不上时，才用that作连接词（that本身无任何含义）。
考点三that 和what 引导的名词性从句
that和what都可以引导名词性从句，但that是连接词，本身无词义，仅起连接作用，不在从句中担任任何成分；what是连接代词，
不仅引导名词性从句，而且在从句中充当一定的成分，如主语、宾语或表语。如：
That he stole a bike was true.
他真的偷了一辆自行车。
The important thing is what you do, but not what you say.
重要的是你做什么，而不是说什么。
考点四if和whether引导的名词性从句
whether和if均可引导动词后的宾语从句，常可互换。但从句中有or not时或介词宾语从句中只能用whether连接。其他名词性从句，如主语从句、表语从句、同位语从句只用whether连接，不用if。如：I don’t care about whether you have money or not.
我并不在意你是否有钱。
介词后的宾语从句一般不用which和if引导，要用whether和what。that也很少引导介词宾语从句，只在except, but, besides等之后才用。如：
I could say nothing but that I was angry.
我无话可说，只是感到生气。
考点五“疑问词”及“疑问词＋ever”引导的名词性从句
1．如何选择这些引导词呢？根据它们的意思和从句所缺的成分进行选择
(1)who意为“谁”，在从句中可以用作主语、表语或宾语。
(2)whom意为“谁”，在从句中用作宾语，一般可以用who来取代，但在介词后面时只能用whom。
(3)whose意为“谁的”，在从句中用作定语。
(4)which意为“哪一个”，在从句中用作定语。
(5)when意为“什么时候”，在从句中用作时间状语；where意为“哪里”，在从句中用作地点状语；how意为“怎样，多么……”，在从句中用作状语；why意为“为什么”，在从句中用作原因状语。
2．连接代词whoever，whatever，whichever可引导名词性从句，相当于anyone who, anything that等。他们也可以引导让步状语从句，相当于no matter who/ what/ which。如：
Whoever breaks the law should be punished. 任何违法的人都要受到惩罚。
3．who / whoever, what / whatever等的用法区别
一般说来，what/who等含特指意义，而whatever/whoever等含泛指意义，意为“无论什么/无论谁”，相当于anything that.../anyone who...。如：
Whoever wants to go may go.
无论谁想去都可以去。
Do you know who can repair a bike?
你知道谁会修自行车吗？
You can have whatever food you want.
你想吃什么都可以。
He can do what he wants to.
他可以(能够)想做什么就做什么。
【提醒】
(1)介词后的宾语从句一般不用which和if引导，要用whether和what。that也很少引导介词宾语从句，只在except, but, besides, in等之后才用。
(2)引导宾语从句的连接词that一般可以省略，但如果有二个或二个以上的宾语从句时，最后一个that不可以省略。
(3)如果宾语从句后还有宾语补足语，则必须用it作形式宾语，而将宾语从句后置，并且that不能省略。
(4)doubt用于肯定结构时，后面用whether/ if引导名词性从句；用于否定结构或疑问结构时，后面用that引导名词性从句。be sure 用于肯定句或疑问句时，后接that引导的名词性从句；用于否定句时，后接whether/ if引导的名词性从句。
(5)连接代词who，what，whose，which通常不能引导同位语从句。
1. 在主语从句中, 下面的几种情况谓语动词通常用“should +动词原形”,should可省略。
①“It is+形容词+that ... ”句型。常见的形容词有important, necessary, natural, funny, strange, surprising, astonishing等。
I was surprised/shocked that the boy should shout at his head teacher. 这位男生竟然对班主任大声嚷嚷,我感到很吃惊。
It is strange that the poor old man should have been invited to his wedding. 那位贫穷老人竟然被邀请参加他的婚礼,真是奇怪。
②“It is +名词+that ...”句型。常见的名词有pity, shame, advice, suggestion, proposal(提议,建议),requirement, request, desire, order等。It’s really a wonder that all the passengers on board should have been saved while the plane itself sank into the freezing Hudson River in New York.
③“It is+动词的过去分词+ that ... ”句型。常见的动词有advise, order, propose, request, suggest, demand, require等。如:
It was ordered that no parking allowed in front of the building.
2. 在含有advice, order, demand, proposal(提议), requirement, suggestion等名词的表语从句、同位语从句中,谓语动词用“should+动词原形”,should可省略。如:
It’s his suggestion made yesterday that we delay buying a flat.
3. 在下列动词后的宾语从句中,谓语动词用“should+动词原形”,should 可省略。这类动词有:insist(坚持), urge(催促), order(命令),command(命
令), request(请求,要求), demand(要求),require(要求,需要),suggest(建议),advise(建议),propose(建议) , recommend(建议, 推荐) 等。如:
1.The doctor suggested that he (should) try to lose his weight.
2.He insisted that we (should ) tell him the news.
4. 用wish表示对过去事情的遗憾。其句子结构为：宾语从句的谓语用过去完成时，或would, could, might+现在完成时。例：
I wish (that可省略，下同)I hadn't wasted so much time.我后悔不该浪费这么多时间。(事实上已浪费了)
He wishes he hadn't lost the chance.他真希望没有失去机会。(其实已失去)
We wished he had spoken to us.(wished，had + spoken)(事实上他并没同我们讲)
I wish you had called earlier.(wish, had + called)(事实上已迟了).
【考点例析】
1. As many five courses are provided, and you are free to choose ______ suits you best. 【2012陕西卷】
A whatever B. whichever C. whenever D. wherever
1.B 考查名词性从句。句意：由于提供了五个课程，因此你可以自由选择最适合你的那一个。
所填词引导的从句做动词choose的宾语，引导词在从句中做主语，
故正确答案为B。
2. Jerry did not regret giving the comment but felt ______ he could have expressed it differently. 【2012北京卷】
A. why
B. how
C. that
D. whether
2 C。本题考查名词性从句。宾语从句不缺少成分用that引导。故正确答案为C。
3．It suddenly occurred to him ____he had left his keys in the office. 【2012江西卷】
A．whether B．where C．which D．that
3.D 考点：考察名词性从句当中的主语从句。it作形式主语，真正的主语为that he had left his keys in the office。且that在句中无意义，并不充当任何成分。故正确答案为D。
4. Everyone in the village is very friendly. It doesn't matter ____ you have lived there for a short or a long time. [2012湖南高考真题]
A. why
B. how
C. whether
D. when
4.C 本题考查名词性从句引导的用法。根据空后的or可知为whether … or短语。故正确答案为C。
5. Evidence has been found through years of study______ children’s early sleeping problem likely to continue when they grow up. 【2012重庆卷】
A. why
B. how
C. whether
D. that
5. D考查名词性从句。分析句子结构可知，空白处后面为句子主语“Evidence”的同位语从句，在这一从句中，句意完整，不缺少成分，应该使用“that”作为引导词。因此，正确答案为D选项。
5.The limits of a person’s intelligence,generally speaking, are fixed at birth, but_____he reaches these limits will depend on his environment. 【2012安徽卷】
A. where
B. whether
C. that
D. why
5.B 考查名词性从句。首先把插入语generally speaking删掉，but whether he reaches these limits作为句子主语，也就是说本题应为whether引导的主语从句，故正确答案为B。
6. It is by no means clear _____the president can do to end the strike. 【2012全国新课程】
A. how
B. which
C. that
D. what
6. D 本题考查主语从句。句意：总统采取什么行动结束这次罢工一点也不清楚。此处it是形式主语，what引导的是主语从句，作真正的主语。What作do的宾语。故空格处应使用兼语词what, 故正确答案D。
7. It doesn’t matter ________ you pay by cash or credit card in this store. 【2012山东卷】
A. how
B. whether
C. what
D. why
7 B 本题考查主语从句。句意：在这个商店中用现金或信用卡支付都可以。此处it是形式主语，后面whether...or…引导的主语从句是真正的主语，whether...or…意为：是…还是…都行。
8. We promise _____attends the party a chance to have a photo taken with the movie star. 【2012福建卷】
A. who
B. whom
C. whoever
D. whomever
8.C 本题考查名词性从句。首先本句考查的关键短语是promise sb sth“向某人承诺某事“本句指的是向参加聚会的人提供一个和电影明星合影的机会，不定式做chance的定语，然后就是参加聚会的任何人whoever=anyone who，故正确答案为C。
9.It doesn’t matter _________you turn right or left at the crossing ---both roads lead to the park. (2012天津卷)
A. whether
B. how
C. if
D. when
9.A考查名词性从句。句意：在十字路口，你是向右拐还是向左拐都没有关系——两条路都到公园。
whether引导主语从句。it做形式主语。因为从句的部分是选择性的一般疑问句，所以选择whether。
10.—We've only got this small bookcase. Will that do?
—No, ____ I am looking for is something much bigger and stronger.【2012上海卷】
A. who
B. that
C. what
D. which
10.C考查名词性从句。句意：—我们只是弄到了这只小的书架，行吗？—不行。我所要找的是比它更大更坚实的书架。既要引导主语从句又要在主语从句中作宾语，只有what具备这样的双重功能。故正确答案为C
【方法技巧】
我个人认为在师生备考复习的过程中应该：
1．从结构和句意两方面分析定语从句和名词性从句，尤其是定语从句和同位语从句的区别。
2．从结构入手，分析名词性从句和状语从句之间的关系及区别。3．加强名词性从句引导词各自意义，用法，特点的辨析。
4．加强长、难句的分析和理解练习。
总之，在名词性从句的测试中首先应该把握住名词性从句的定义：相当于一个名词的句子；其次应该记住名词性从句的引导词：that、what、whether、if、who、whom、whoever、which、whichever、whose、when、where、how、why等等；再就是应该弄明白连接词之间的区别和各自的功能，比如：that和what 、whether和if等等；最关键的应该学会分析句子结构，从句子结构来找到解决问题的突破口：即问题的题眼。
【专题训练】
1.Your skirt is really splendid, but ______we actually need is not a skirt but a new pair of shoes.
A. that
B. what
C. whether
D. how.
2. ______made me more surprised was ______the pickpocket asked my friend to lend him some money and he agreed.
A. What ;that
B. That; that
C. What; whether
D. It; that
3. What do you think of this suggestion that we ______lunch at the new restaurant?
A. will have
B. are going to have
C. would have C. have
4. I don’t know the reason ______you were absent from the meeting, but I’m sure that someone will tell me the reason ______you haven’t told me.
A. why; that
B. that; why
C. because; which
D. of which; that
5. ______made his mother surprised was ______Tom Smith should have been fooled by such a simple trick.
A. What; that
B. What; because
C. That; what
D. That; because
6. According to Bill Gates, the idea ______we can play video games and receive E-mails without sitting at a keyboard will come true. However, it is unclear ______it will be on sale and ______it will cost.
A. which; that; what
B. /; whether; how much
C. that; when; what
D. that; that; how much
7. The doctors are trying their best to reduce the people’s fear ______they would be infected by the present disease called SARS.
A. whether
B. which
C. when
D. that
8. Word has come ______in some western countries, demand for graduates from MBA courses has fallen down.
A. that
B. while
C. when
D. as
9. Though Frances congratulates herself on her success she sometimes wonders ______will happen to her private life.
A. it
B. what
C. which
D. that.
10. I think Mother would like to know ______I’ve been up to so far, so I decide to send her a quick not.
A. which
B. why
C. what
D. how
11. Pointing to the house on________roof grew lots of bush，the old man told me that was________I would stay.
A．its；what B．whose；what C．whose；where D．its；where
12．The news________ is spreading around this area is________ a heavy storm is coming.
A. what；/
B. that；that
C. /；that
D. that；which
13. After more than ten years’ study, they realized________they thought was the whole family’s dream________ he had been working for.
A. where; which
B. that; that
C. which; where
D. what; that 14．A normal young child gains great pleasure when________ he(she) does pleases his(her) mother.
A. that
B. if
C. as
D. what
15．________made many contestants angry is________was called the fair play turned out to be unfair at all.
A. What; that what
B. What; what
C. It; that
D. It; what that
16. He told me the news, believe it or not，________he had earned $1 000 in a single day.
A. that
B. which
C. as
D. because
17. They lost their way in the forest, and________made matters worse was that night began to fall.
A. it
B. which
C. that
D. what
18. Patience is a kind of quality and that is________it takes to do anything well.
A. what
B. which
C. which
D. how
19. It has come to my notice________some of you have missed classes.
A. what
B. which
C. that
D. when
20. “What were yo u trying to prove to the police？” “ ________I was last night.”
A. That
B. When
C. Where
D. What
【参考答案】
1-5.B.A DA A 6-10 C DAB C 11-15 CBDDA 16-20 ADACC
2016-2020高考英语试题分类汇总-定语从句（解析 版） 【2020年】 1.（2020·江苏卷）Many lessons are now available online, from __________ students can choose for free. A. whose B. which C. when D. whom 【答案】B 【解析】考查定语从句。句意：许多课程现在都可以在网上找到，学生们可以从中免费选择。此处是非限定性定语从句，先行词是many lessons，关系词在从句中做介词from的宾语，应使用关系代词which 引导。故选B。 3.（2020·天津卷）Dr. Rowan, __________ secretary resigned two weeks ago, has had to do all his own typing. A. whose B. of whom C. of which D. which 【答案】A 【解析】考查定语从句。句意：罗文博士的秘书两周前辞职了，他现在只能自己打字。______ secretary resigned two weeks ago是非限制性定语从句，修饰Dr. Rowan，引导词在从句中作定语，表示“Dr. Rowan’s ”，表示“……的” ，应用关系代词whose引导该从句，故选A。 3.（2020·新课标Ⅲ卷）In ancient China lived an artist61 paintings were almost lifelike. 【答案】whose 【解析】考查定语从句。句意：中国古代有一位画家，他的画几乎栩栩如生。此处为定语从句修饰先行词artist，且先行词在从句中作定语，故应用关系代词whose。故填whose。 【2019年】 1.【2019·江苏卷】We have entered into an age _______ dreams have the best chance of coming true. A. which B. what C. when D. that 【答案】C 【解析】考查定语从句。句意：我们已经进入到了一个时代，在这个时代梦想实现的机会最大。句中先行词为an age（一个时代），且先行词在从句中做时间状语，所以关系词用when。故选C。 2.【2019·天津卷】Their child is at the stage__________ she can say individual words but not full sentences. A. why B. where C. which D. what 【答案】B 【解析】考查定语从句。句意：他们的孩子正处于能说单个单词而不能说完整句子的阶段。句中she can
定语从句 考纲要求： 掌握定语从句的基本知识；区分定语从句和名词性从句的性质和用法。 在具体的语境中考查非限制性定语从句的引导词以及“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句；设置语境，考查抽象地点或时间概念的名词作先行词时关系副词的选择，甚至通过增加先行词的隐蔽性来增加试题的难度；考查定语从句的特殊句型，即：特定词汇+of whom/which 引导的定语从句。 复合句中修饰名词和代词的从句叫做定语从句，被修饰的名词或代词叫先行词。引导定语从的连接词有关系代词who, whom, that, which, whose, as 和关系副词when, why, where等。这些关系代词或关系副词有替代先行词，连接主句和从句，并在从句中充当成分三个作用。定语从句有限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句两类。 限制性从句是句子不可缺少的部分，主句和从句间不用逗号隔开。 非限定性定语从句是对主句先行词的补充说明，去掉不影响主句意思的完整性。一般用逗号把主从句分开。关系代词that不可以引导非限定性定语从句，其他可引导定语从句的连词均可引导非限定性定语从句。
先行词：被定语从句修饰的名词或代词叫做先行词，定语从句必须放在先行词之后。有时先行词是关系代词前的整个句子。 1.当先行词是人： 关系词要用who, whom, that, whose等，其中who/that 在从句中课充当主语或宾语，whom 在从句中只能充当宾语，whose在从句中充当定语,不可省略(of whom 可以代替whose指人，词序是名词+of whom。) This is the man who/that can speak several foreign language.（who/that 在从句中作主语，不可省略） I like the girl (who/whom/that)you referred to yesterday.(who/whom/that 在从句中作宾语，可省略） The government tried to help the old woman whose son (of whom the son/the son of whom）died in the war. [注意：whose与所修饰名词之间无任何冠词，否则要用of whom] 注意： ?若连接词在从句中作介词宾语并且介词在前面，代替人必须用whom，且不可省略There is nobody in the street to whom I can turn for help.(turn to sb for help 求助于某人) ?若介词在后面，则who, whom或that均可引导从句，且可以省略。 There is nobody in the street that /who/whom I can turn to for help. （填一填）The settlement is home to nearly 1000 people, many of ________ left their village homes for a better life in the city. ?在下列情况下多用who或whom,而不用that ①先行词是all, anyone, one, ones, those, people等时 All who can dance well will be invited.（who在从句中作主语） Those who (whom)he knows will be invited.(who/whom在从句中作宾语） ②在被分割的定语从句中 A new teacher will come who will teach us English. ③在there be句型中 There is a girl who wants to see you. ④一个句子中有两个定语从句，其中一个用that引导，为了避免重复，另一个用who. Every student that is from China who likes English will have a chance to get a book. 2.当先行词是物： 连接词要用which，that，whose，which/that在从句中作主语或宾语；whose在从句中作定语，后直接跟名词，无冠词，若有则用of which。（whose是一个表示所属关系的词,在定语从句中做定语,相当于my, his, her, its, their 等修饰人或物。of which可以代替whose指物，词序一般是名词+of which或of which+名词。） The building which/that stands in the center is our school library.（which/that在从句中作主语，不可省略） This is the book (which/that)you want.(which/that 在句中作宾语，可以省略） The building whose window (of which the window)faces south is our school library.(作定语）（填一填）Look out! Don't get close to the house ________ roof is under repair. 注意： ?如果关系代词在句中作介词宾语并且介词在前面，必须用which，且不可省略。 The house in which I live is near yours. The house (that/which )I live in is near yours.
教学过程 一、复习预习 1、对上节课课后作业中的问题进行查漏补缺； 2、导入： e.g. She is a beautiful girl. She is a beautiful girl who drives me crazy. 二、知识讲解 （一）定语从句定义
1、定语从句：在复合句中，修饰某个名词或代词的句子（做这个名词或代词的定语）叫定语从句，定语从句一般放在被修饰的名词或代词后面。 2、先行词：被修饰的名词或代词叫做定语从句的先行词。 3、关系词：用来引导定语从句的词叫做关系词。 关系代词的种类： 关系代词：that, which, who, whom, whose, as 关系副词：when, where, why 4、定语从句结构：先行词+关系词+定语从句。 a、There she saw a wall of water that was quickly advancing towards her. b、In Japan, someone who sees another person making the gesture will think it means money. c、Visitors can go on exciting rides where they can feel what it is like to do the things they have seen their heroes do in the movie. d、Oprah Winfrey is a black woman whose rise to fame is an inspiring story. （二）定语从句分类 限定性定语从句：从句对先行词进行必要的描述或说明，对先行词起修饰限定作用，从句与先行词紧密相连，缺少它则句义显得不完整，一般不用逗号隔开。非限定性定语从句：对先行词进行补充说明，解释，它与先行词关系松散，用逗号隔开。 1、The man who gave me this book is T om .(限定性) 2、T om,who is reading a book ,is my classmate (非限定性) （三）关系代词 1、who指人，在定语从句中作主语。 e.g. The man who is sitting under the tree is a German . 2、Whom指人，在句中做宾语，可省略，但在做介词的宾语是只能用whom,不能用who。关系代词前有介词时不能省略。 e.g. I know the girl (whom) the teacher is speaking to . I know the girl to whom the teacher is speaking . 3、whose, 作定语，可指人或物 e.g. Everyone heplps the child whose parents are dead. They are the lazy students whose homework wasn’t handed in . 4、that 指人或物，多指物，作主语（不能省略）或宾语（可省略） e.g. He is the finest comrade that has helped us . This is a plant that grows in the north . 5、which ,指物，在句中做主语（不能省略），或宾语（可省略）。 e.g. This is a plant which grows in the north . ☆常用that不用which的情况 1、当先行词是all, everything, anything, nothing, much, little, none, one等不定代词时，只用that。 歌诀助记：不定代词这路货，全用that准没错。 Pay attention to everything that I do.
专题十名词性从句 第一节基本知识与基本概念 【什么是名词性从句？】 顾名思义，主语从句在句子中作主语。有时本身出现在主语的位置上，也有时出于句子结构的考虑退到句子的尾部，前面用形式主语it代替。从句作主语时，谓语动词一般为单数形式。如: What I saw was beyond any verbal description. That his hair was turning grey worried him a bit. Why the company denied the contract is still unknown. When and where the government will build a city square is under discussion. It is pretty annoying that a small part of the machine is missing. It remains to be seen whether the new novel will be well received. 【宾语从句】 在句子中作宾语的从句就是宾语从句。由于这是同学们接触比较早的一种从句，应该问题不大。所以在近年的高考题中，以宾语从句的知识作为考点的题目较少。但是，宾语从句也有自己的特殊情况，如介词的宾语，形容词的宾语，宾语从句提前和并列的宾语从句等现象。如： We assumed that there would be more than 100 guests. He told the police in detail what he saw and heard. Nobody is sure what humans will look like in a million years. That will depend on whether they can get the chance. Whether I will have the time I am not sure at the moment. The conductor complained that we were not gifted in singing and that he would never come again. 【表语从句】 表语从句的最重要脸谱就是它们应该出现在系动词的后面。如： The only question left is how often the workers are paid. His idea for the coming weekend is that we go skating. 【同位语从句】 从脸谱上看，同位语从句最为麻烦。因为它们也是出现在一个名词的后面，起着解释说明的作用。
高考英语专题定语从句知识点真题汇编及答案解析 一、选择题 1．Dr. Rowan, ______ secretary resigned two weeks ago, has had to do all his own typing. A．whose B．of whom C．of which D．which 2．She has a gift for creating an atmosphere for her students ________ allows them to communicate freely with each other. A．which B．where C．what D．who 3．Take an active part in programs you enjoy______you can meet various kinds of people. A．what B．when C．that D．where 4．They overcame some difficulties and completed the work ahead of time, ________ was something we had not expected. A．that B．which C．it D．what 5．He bought a new building _____top is different from those of the others around. A．what B．which C．that D．whose 6．5G is an exciting mobile technology, ________ will give a massive boost to smart cities and vehicles. A．where B．when C．that D．which 7．My brother bought a telescope, ______ he could study the star in the night sky. A．of which B．through which C．in which D．on which 8．Last week, only two people came to look at the house, _______ wanted to buy it. A．neither of them B．both of them C．none of whom D．neither of whom 9．We came to a place ______ they had never paid a visit before. A．in which B．to which C．what D．which 10．He pointed out such a crucial detail about the experiment ______ we could never neglect. A．as B．that C．where D．when 11．Detectives are investigating the company, three of ________ senior executives have already been under arrest. A．its B．which C．those D．whose 12．You'll find taxis waiting at the bus station ________ you can hire to reach your host family. A．which B．where C．when D．as 13．The growth of economy is influenced by a number of factors, ________are beyond our control. A．most of them B．most of that C．most of what D．most of which 14．We won’t forget the heroes ________ lost their lives whi le fighting against a forest fire. A．who B．whose C．when D．why 15．The commander got a chance to visit the mountain_____ top was covered with thick snow ,____ he had been dreaming of for years. A．that; which B．whose ; which C．of which ; what D．of whom ;that
在复合句中充当定语的从句叫定语从句。定语从句的作用相当于形容词，用来修饰主句中的某一名词或代词或整个主句，所以，也称作形容词性从句。被定语从句修饰的词叫先行词，定语从句一般紧跟在它所修饰的先行词之后。在先行词和定语从句之间起连接作用的词叫关系词。关系词有关系代词和关系副词两种。 提示：关系词在定语从句中有三大作用 1. 连接作用——连接先行词和定语从句。 I I . 我把我所有的钱都给了她。（连接先特词和定语从句I ） 2. 替代作用——在定语从句中替代从句所修饰的先行词。 a . 住在隔壁的那个人是个名师。（替代） 3. 成分作用——在定语从句中作主语、宾语、定语或状语。 I . 我喜欢传统的中国画。（在定语从句中作主语） 一、关系代词引导的定语从句 引导定语从句的关系代词主要有, , , , 等。它们分别代替前面的先行词，并在定语从句中作主语、宾语或定语。 A． 指人，在定语从句中作主语。 ? 借钱给你的那人叫什么名字？（定语从句修饰先行词） . 谁笑到最后谁笑得最好。（定语从句修饰先行词） , , . 会议主席坐在我右边，他先发言。（定语从句修饰先行词） B． 指人，在定语从句中做宾语。在口语或非正式文体中，可省略或可用来代替，但在介词后面以及在非限制性定语从句中只能用。 . 有些人我们是喜欢的，有些人则是我们讨厌的。（定语从句分别修饰先行词, ） I . 和我一起工作的人都很友好。（定语从句修饰先行词） . , I , . . , I , . 昨晚我在电话里和卡特先生交谈过，他对我们的计划很感兴趣。（非限制性定语从句中不能用代替） , I , . 两个人来到我的办公室，我以前从未见过他们。（在介词后面不用） C． 人、物皆可，做定语，后面要紧跟被修饰的名词，先行词和后面的名词之间往往是从属关系。 . 有些人，他们的脸你永远难以忘怀。（定语从句修饰先行词） I . 我看见一些树的树叶由于空气污染而发黑。（定语从句修饰行词） D． 1．指物，在定语从句中做主语或宾语。做宾语时常可省略。
名词性从句 名词性从句指在复合句中起名词作用的从句，它在句子中可作主语、宾语、表语或同位语。名词性从句既是中学英语教学的重点，也是高考考查的热点。 一、名词性从句的分类 名词性从句包括主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。其连接词有that, if, whether；连接代词who, what, which；连接副词when, where, how, why等。 考查热点一：对主语从句的考查 主语从句在复合句中充当主语，它可以放在主句谓语动词之前。但为了保持句子平衡，多数情况下可用it作形式主语，而把主语从句置于句尾。 考查热点二：对宾语从句的考查 宾语从句在句子中作及物动词或介词的宾语。如果主句的谓语动词是及物动make, find, see, think等，则把宾语从句置于宾语补足语之后，用it作形式宾语。另外，某些作表语的形容词，如sure, happy, glad, certain 等之后也可以带宾语从句。 考查热点三：对表语从句的考查 表语从句在句子中作表语，位于主句中的系动词之后。 一、什么是表语（predicative） 在形式上，位于系动词后的就是表语。从含义上讲，表语是回答主语“是什么”或“怎么样”的语法成分。即是指“是”字句“是”字后面的成分。表语就是起表述作用的句子成分。它修饰的是主语。表语是用来说明主语的身份、性质、品性、特征和状态的。表语须和连系动词一起构成句子的复合谓语。表语常由名词、形容词、副词、介词短语、不定式、动词的-ing、动词的-ed、从句来充当，它常位于连系动词（be, become, appear, seem等）之后。 Albert Einstein was a famous professor of physics.
高考英语专题定语从句知识点单元汇编 一、选择题 1．You were really between a rock and a hard place ______ you had to choose between your career and your relationship. A．when B．where C．before D．until 2．She has a gift for creating an atmosphere for her students ________ allows them to communicate freely with each other. A．which B．where C．what D．who 3．Though it is 30 years_______we last met, I still remember the scene_______we got separated on a rainy day. A．before; where B．before; which C．since; when D．since; where 4．Such a film ___________ was shown in the cinema yesterday is not suitable for children. A．as B．that C．which D．/ 5．Optimism is the essential ingredient of top performers,__________we assume separates the high achievers from the rest. A．as B．who C．which D．that 6．John invited about 40 people to his wedding, most of are family members. A．them B．that C．which D．whom 7．My brother bought a telescope, ______ he could study the star in the night sky. A．of which B．through which C．in which D．on which 8．Companies should understand the risks _______ they are exposed and monitor their control environments adequately. A．on which B．in which C．to which D．with which 9．Last week, only two people came to look at the house, _______ wanted to buy it. A．neither of them B．both of them C．none of whom D．neither of whom 10．Sales director is a position _______ communication ability is just as important as sales. A．which B．that C．when D．where 11．She brought with her three friends，none of ________ I had ever met before. A．them B．who C．whom D．these 12．China Today attracts a worldwide readership, ________ shows that more and more people all over the world want to learn about China. A．who B．whom C．that D．which 13．The Molalla High School has a wall of Post-it notes ________ students write kind messages for kids to take when they have a bad day. A．that B．which C．when D．where 14．_______ is known to all, grammar is not a set of dead rules. A．That B．Which C．As D．It 15．The art festival is an annual event ______ the students can show off their talents.
高考英语定语从句陷阱题总结归纳 ◆典型陷阱题分析◆ 1.The factory was built in a secret place,around______high mountains. A.which was B.it was C.which were D.them were 【陷阱】容易误选A或B,将A、B中的which和it误认为是其后句子的主语。【分析】最佳答案是C,around which were high mountains是一个由“介词+which”引出的非限制性定语从句,而在该从句中,主语是high mountains,around which是表语,所以句子谓语应用复数were,而不是用单数was.请做以下类例题目(答案均为C: (1Yesterday we visited a modern hospital,around_______some fruit shops. A.which is B.it is C.which are D.them are (2The murder happened in an old building,beside______the city police station. A.which are B.it is C.which is D.them are (3Next month we’ll move to a new building,next to_______a nice restaurants where we can have Chinese food. A.which are B.it is C.which is D.them are 2.A man with a bleeding hand hurried in and asked,“Is there a hospital around______I can get some medicine for my wounded hand?” A.that B.which C.where D.what 【陷阱】容易误选B,认为around是介词,选which用以代替前面的名词hospital,在此用作介词around的宾语。 【分析】最佳答案为C。以上语法分析并不算错,但问题是,照此分析,此句的意思即为:有没有这样一个医院,我在它的附近可以买药治我的手伤?这样的语境显然有点不合情理,因为人们通常是在医院里面治伤,而不是在医院附近治伤。此题选C的理由是:句中的around不是介词,而是副词,意为“在附近”;其后的where引导定语从句用以修饰其前的地点名词hospital,句意为:附近有没有一家医院,我可以去治我的手伤? 3._____is known to everybody,the moon travels round the earth once every month. A.It
高中英语定语从句讲解及练习 定语从句是高中重点知识，也是高考常考点，大家也不容易掌握，这篇文章主要教你关系代词引导的定语从句 关系副词引导的定语从句判断关系代词与关系副词限制性和非限制性定语从句等内容，有例题讲解定语从句在句中做定语，修饰一个名词或代词，被修饰的名词词组或代词即先行词。定语从句通常出现在先行词之后，由关系词（关系代词或关系副词）引出。 关系代词有：who, whom, whose, that, which等。 关系副词有：when, where, why等。 18.1 关系代词引导的定语从句 关系代词所代替的先行词是人或物的名词或代词，并在句中充当主语、宾语、定语等成分。关系代词在定语从句中作主语时，从句谓语动词的人称和数要和先行词保持一致。 1）who, whom, that 这些词代替的先行词是人的名词或代词，在从句中作主语和宾语。例如： Is he the man who/that wants to see you? 他就是你想见的人吗？（who/that在从句中作主语） He is the man whom/ that I saw yesterday. 他就是我昨天见的那个人。（whom/that在从句中作宾语） 2）whose 用来指人或物，（只用作定语, 若指物，它还可以同of which互换）。例如： They rushed over to help the man whose car had broken down.那人车坏了，大家都跑过去帮忙。 Please pass me the book whose （of which）cover is green.请递给我那本绿皮的书。 3）which, that所代替的先行词是事物的名词或代词，在从句中可作主语、宾语等。例如： A prosperity which / that had never been seen before appears in the countryside. 农村出现了前所未有的繁荣。（which / that在句中作宾语） The package （which / that）you are carrying is about to come unwrapped. 你拿的包快散了。（which / that在句中作宾语） 18.2 关系副词引导的定语从句 关系副词可代替的先行词是时间、地点或理由的名词，在从句中作状语。 1）关系副词when, where, why的含义相当于\"介词+ which\"结构，因此常常和\"介词+ which\"结构交替使用。例如： There are occasions when （on which）one must yield.任何人都有不得不屈服的时候。 Beijing is the place where（in which）I was born.北京是我的出生地。 Is this the reason why （for which）he refused our offer?这就是他拒绝我们帮助他的理由吗？ 2）that代替关系副词，可以用于表示时间、地点、方式、理由的名词后取代when, where, why和\"介+which\"引导的定语从句，在口语中that常被省略。例如： His father died the year （that / when / in which）he was born.他父亲在他出生那年逝世了。 He is unlikely to find the place （that / where / in which）he lived forty years ago. 他不大可能找到他四十年前居住过的地方。 18.3 判断关系代词与关系副词 方法一：用关系代词，还是关系副词完全取决于从句中的谓语动词。及物动词后面无宾语，就必须要求用关系代词；而不及物动词则要求用关系副词。例如： This is the mountain village where I stayed last year. 这是我去年呆过的山村。 I'll never forget the days when I worked together with you.我永远不会忘记与你共事的日子。 判断改错： （错）This is the mountain village where I visited last year. （错）I will never forget the days when I spent in the countryside. （对）This is the mountain village （which）I visited last year. （对）I'll never forget the days （which）I spent in the countryside. 习惯上总把表地点或时间的名词与关系副词where, when联系在一起。此两题错在关系词的误用上。 方法二：准确判断先行词在定语从句中的成分（主、谓、宾、定、状），也能正确选择出关系代词/关
高考英语专题定语从句知识点难题汇编及答案 一、选择题 1．Car races are recorded and uploaded to YouTube and other video platforms, ______________ they can be viewed repeatedly. A．which B．where C．when D．there 2．China Today attracts a worldwide readership, ________ shows that more and more people all over the world want to learn about China. A．who B．whom C．that D．which 3．Such a film ___________ was shown in the cinema yesterday is not suitable for children. A．as B．that C．which D．/ 4．Search engines search the Internet based on the key words you type in, and choose such web pages for you ________ contain the words you ask for. A．where B．who C．which D．as 5．The book tells stories of the earthquake through the eyes of those lives were affected A．whose B．that C．who D．which 6．They overcame some difficulties and completed the work ahead of time, ________ was something we had not expected. A．that B．which C．it D．what 7．My brother bought a telescope, ______ he could study the star in the night sky. A．of which B．through which C．in which D．on which 8．Companies should understand the risks _______ they are exposed and monitor their control environments adequately. A．on which B．in which C．to which D．with which 9．She brought with her three friends，none of ________ I had ever met before. A．them B．who C．whom D．these 10．We came to a place ______ they had never paid a visit before. A．in which B．to which C．what D．which 11．In China, “mythical creatures” is used to describe troublesome schoolchildren ________ behaviors drive their parents crazy. A．whose B．when C．who D．of whom 12．Try to be a responsible school by not allowing anyone to attend class, ________ has had a fever. A．who B．which C．as D．that 13．You were really between a rock and a hard place ______ you had to choose between your career and your relationship. A．when B．where C．before D．until 14．I'm glad to introduce Mr.Smith to you,without______my experiment would have ended in failure.
高考英语定语从句知识点技巧及练习题 一、选择题 1．Dr. Rowan, ______ secretary resigned two weeks ago, has had to do all his own typing. A．whose B．of whom C．of which D．which 2．Until now, we have raised 100,000 pounds for the poor children, ___________ is quite unexpected. A．that B．which C．who D．it 3．Though it is 30 years_______we last met, I still remember the scene_______we got separated on a rainy day. A．before; where B．before; which C．since; when D．since; where 4．Such a film ___________ was shown in the cinema yesterday is not suitable for children. A．as B．that C．which D．/ 5．We all have times of insecurity in life, _____ there is nothing to do but bravely face the feelings of doubt. A．which B．when C．where D．that 6．He bought a new building _____top is different from those of the others around. A．what B．which C．that D．whose 7．My brother bought a telescope, ______ he could study the star in the night sky. A．of which B．through which C．in which D．on which 8．Liberty, equality, and fraternity are the ideals _______ human beings have been fighting. A．to which B．against which C．with which D．for which 9．Last week, only two people came to look at the house, _______ wanted to buy it. A．neither of them B．both of them C．none of whom D．neither of whom 10．All of us were so excited at the news ____we’ll go abroad for holidays ___we jumped with joy. A．that; that B．what; and then C．what; that D．which; so 11．We came to a place ______ they had never paid a visit before. A．in which B．to which C．what D．which 12．The reason ________ he didn’t come to schoo l on time is ________ he had to take care of his sick brother at home. A．That; because B．that; that C．why; because D．why; that 13．The growth of economy is influenced by a number of factors, ________are beyond our control. A．most of them B．most of that C．most of what D．most of which 14．We won’t forget the heroes ________ lost their lives while fighting against a forest fire. A．who B．whose C．when D．why 15．—Where was the experiment carried out? —It was in the lab built in the 30s_______Mr. Smith worked as an assistant professor A．that B．which C．where D．when 16．The commander got a chance to visit the mountain_____ top was covered with thick snow ,____ he had been dreaming of for years.