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(完整版)长难句重难点整理

(完整版)长难句重难点整理
(完整版)长难句重难点整理

长难句(1)

考研英语长难句四大类型及五大特点

一、长难句的特点

英语长句一般指的是各种复杂句,复杂句里可能有多个从句,从句与从句之间的关系可能包孕、嵌套,也可能并列或平行。从功能来说,英语有三大复合句,即:①名词性从句,包括主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句;②形容词性从句,即我们平常所说的定语从句;③状语从句。

英语长难句五大特点:

1)结构复杂,逻辑层次多;

2)常须根据上下文作词义的引申;

3)常须根据上下文对指代词的指代关系做出判断;

4)并列成分多;

5)修饰语多,特别是后置定语很长;

二、考研英语长难句分析类别

第一类:复杂修饰成分

句子本不难,但是修饰成分多且长。1、从句(定语、状语、同位语从句等)修饰;2、介词短语修饰;3、分词修饰;4、不定式修饰。经常是在同一个句子里既有从句又有介词短语,且都不止一个。

例:The methods that a community devises to perpetuate itself come into being to preserve aspects of the cultural legacy that community perceives as essential.

分析:主语:The methods;谓语:come into being;that a community devises to perpetuate itself为定语从句,修饰the methods;不定式to 表示目的状语;that community perceives as essential为定语从句,修饰the cultural legacy。

译文:一个社会设计出来保存自己的方法得以形成来保持那个社会认为最重要的一些方面。

第二类:大段的插入与或同位语,打断读者的思路,割裂前后之

间的语义,造成理解的困难。我们称之为“打岔”。

例:Moreover, I can feel strong emotions in response to objects of art that are interpretations, rather than representations, of reality.

分析:在浏览该句时,发现句子中出现了双逗号,其中间的内容rather than representations为插入语,浏览的时候先跳过。这样就可以看到把that are interpretations 和of reality连接起来了。That引导定语从句,修饰objects of art。

译文:而且,我从艺术品上能够感到强烈的情感。艺术品是对现实的阐释,而非代表现实。

第三类:语序调整或倒装:为了平衡句子的结构或强调一些内容,通常会人为地对句子进行句序调整。

例:Nowhere do 1980 census statistics dramatize more the American search for spacious living than in the Far West.

分析:否定副词nowhere放在句首,所以句子出现部分倒装。注意:more 与否定词nowhere一起使用,相当于最高级。dramatize 此处的意思是“突出显示,使…戏剧化”。

译文:1980年美国的人口普查数据表明,没有哪个地方比美国最西部更能突出显示美国人想寻找更广阔的生存空间。

第四类:省略:相对以上三种来讲比较简单,在短句中大家一般都可以看出。

但是如果在长句中出现,特别是如果与以上三种之一甚至几种同时出现,也会给同学们带来很大的困难。

例:That sex ratio will be favored which maximizes the number of descendants and hence the number of gene copies transmitted.

正常语序:That sex ratio which maximizes the number of descendants will be favored and hence the number of gene copies transmitted.

该例句中which引导的定语从句修饰sex ratio,由于谓语句子主干较短,所以进行了后置。另外,and并列的后半句省略了主谓语that sex ratio maximizes。

三大从句类型:

从句是最常见的语法形式,也是构成长难句的基本要素。正是因为从句的存在,才使得句子的表达层次化、多样化、复杂化。

●名词性从句(主语、表语、宾语或同位语)

●定语从句

●状语从句。

名词性从句:

在主从复合句中,从句可以充当主句的主语、表语、宾语或同位语。由于在多数情况下,主语、表语、宾语或同位语这四种句子成分由名词性词类充当,所以,我们把这些作用相当于名词的从句统称为名词性从句,把充当主语、表语、宾语或同位语的从句分别称为主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句或同位语从句。也就是说充当什么成分就叫什么从句。名词性从句由连接词(或关联词)如whether,that,who,whom,whose,which,what,when,where,how,why等

引导。它们的特点是:

1、疑问词有本身的词义;

2、疑问词在从句中担当句子成分,如主语、宾语或状语;

3、这种疑问词引导的从句一律用陈述语序,不能用疑问语序。

定语从句:

在复合句中,修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。被定语从句所修饰的词叫先行词;引导定语从句的词叫关系词。关系词分为关系代词和关系副词。定语从句分为限定性定语从句(和非限定性定语从句。限定性定语从句是对先行词起修饰限定作用。一般从句不能省略,如果省略整个句子意思不完整。非限定性定语从句对先行词起补充作用。一般从句可以省略,如果省略整个句子意思仍然完整。

状语从句:

指句子用作状语时,起副词作用的句子。它可以修饰谓语、非谓语动词、定语、状语或整个句子。根据其作用可分为时间、地点、原因、条件、目的、结果、让步、方式和比较等从句。状语从句一般由连词(从属连词)引导,也可以由词组引起。从句位于句首或句中时通常用逗号与主句隔开,位于句尾时可以不用逗号隔开。

名词性从句:

一、主语从句

(一)以what, whatever, whoever, whether, when, where, how, why等词引导的主语从句,在翻译的时候,一般可以按照英语原文顺序来翻译。

What he told me was only half-truth.

他告诉我的只是些半真半假的东西而已。

Whatever is worth doing should be done well.

任何值得做的事情都应该做好。

Whether he comes or not makes no difference.

他来不来都没有关系。

When we can begin the expedition is still a question.

我们何时才能开始这次考察仍然是悬而未决。

How he is going to do it is a mystery.

他准备怎么做这个事情是个迷。

(二)用it作形式主语的主语从句,可以把主语从句放到汉语句子最前面去翻译。为了强调起见,it一般可以译出来;如果不需要强调,it也可以不译出来。

It doesn’t make much difference whether he attends the meeting or not.

他参加不参加会议没有多大关系。(It没有翻译)

It seemed inconceivable that the pilot could have survived the crash.

驾驶员在飞机坠毁之后,竟然还能活着,这看来是不可想象的。(It 翻译为“这”)

有时候,如果主语从句仍然按照英语原来的顺序翻译的话,it一般不需要译出来。在汉语译文的开始,一般可以用“...的是,...”这样的结构来翻译。

It is strange that she should have failed to see her own shortcomings.

真奇怪,她竟然没有看出自己的缺点。(It不用翻译,还可以用“奇怪的是...”这样的结构来翻译)

二、宾语从句

(一)用that, what, how, when, which, why, whether, if 等引起的宾语从句,翻译成汉语的时候,一般不需要改变它在原句中的顺序。

I told him that because of the last condition, I’d have to turn it down.

我告诉他,由于那最后一个条件,我只得谢绝。

Can you hear what I say?

你听得到我所讲的吗?

I don’t know that he swam across the river.

我不知道他游过了那条河。

I don’t know how he swam across the river.

我不知道他是怎么游过那条河的。

He has informed me when they are to discuss my proposal.

他已经通知我他们将在什么时候谈论我的建议。

有时可加“说”字,再接下去翻译译英语原文宾语从句的内容。Smith replied that he was sorry.

斯密斯回答说,他感到遗憾。

He would remind people again that it was decided not only by himself but by lots of others.

他再三提醒大家说,决定这件事的不只是他一个人,还有其他许多人。

(二)用it 作形式宾语的句子,在翻译的时候,that所引导的宾语从句一般可按英语原文顺序翻译;it有时候可以不用翻译。

I made it clear to them that they must hand in their papers before 10 o’clock in the morning.

我向他们讲清楚了的,他们必须在上午十时前交卷。(it没有翻译)I heard it said that he had gone abroad.

听说他已经出国了。(it没有翻译)

但有时候,也可以在译文中将that引导的宾语从句提前到句子最前面翻译。

I regard it as an honor that I am chosen to attend the meeting.

我被选参加会议,感到光荣。(it没有翻译)

We consider it absolutely necessary that we should open our door to the outside world.

打开国门,实行开放,我们认为这是绝对必要的。(it翻译为“这”)三、表语从句

It seems that it is going to snow.

看起来要下雪了。

That is why Jack got scolded.

这就是杰克受到训斥的原因。

The question remains whether we can win the majority of the people.

问题是我们能否赢得大多数人民群众的支持。

His view of the press was that the reporters were either for him or

against him.

他对新闻界的看法是,记者们不是支持他,就是反对他。

四、同位语从句

能接同位语从句的名词主要有:belief(相信),fact(事实),hope(希望),idea(想法,观点),doubt(怀疑),news(新闻,消息),rumor (传闻),conclusion(结论),evidence(证据),suggestion(建议),problem(问题),order(命令),answer(回答),decision(决定),discovery(发现),explanation(解释),information(消息),knowledge (知识),law(法律),opinion(意见,观点),truth(真理,事实),promise(承诺),report(报告),thought(思想),statement(声明),rule(规定),possibility(可能)等。

(一)一般来说,同位语从句可以直接翻译在主句后面。

He expressed the hope that he would come over to visit China again.

他表示希望再到中国来访问。

There is a possibility that he is a spy.

有可能他是一个间谍。

(二)有时候在翻译同位语从句时,可以将其放在所修饰的名词前面,相当于前置的修饰语,但不一定使用定语的标志词“的”。这种情况下,同位语从句都是比较简单。

We know the fact that bodies possess weight.

我们都知道物体具有重量这一事实。

The rumor that he was arrested was unfounded.

关于他被捕的传闻是没有根据的。

(三)增加“即”(或者“以为”)这样的词来连接,或用冒号、破折号直接分开主句和同位语从句。

But this does not in any way alter the fact that they are now, from a practical point of view, irrational.

但这却丝毫改变不了这样一个事实,即从实用的观点来看,他们今天仍是不合理的。

We have reached the conclusion that practice is the criterion for testing truth.

我们已经得出这样的结论:实践是检验真理的标准。

Not long ago, the scientists made an exciting discovery that this waste material could be turned into plastics.

不久前,科学家们获得一个令人振奋的发现——可以把这种废物变成塑料。

定语从句的翻译:

一、前置译法

如果一个定语从句在句中的作用是修饰和限定名词,那么通常就采取译为前置定语的方法。但注意译成前置定语后既不能影响原文所表达的意思,还要使整个句子的表达言简意赅、连贯通顺、语气较强。

例句:Water, which is a clear liquid, has many uses.

译文:水是一种清澈的液体,有许多用途。

在前置译法的过程中如果定语从句中的谓语不含有具体意义,可省译从句中的谓语。这种译法很简便,也很有效。

有时候,出于汉语行文的需要和逻辑关系方面的考虑,可将定语从句提在主语之前翻译,用来说明情况,但不作为被修饰名词的定语。

例句:There are also great advantages that come from the variety of culture brought by settlers from other lands.

译文:移民从个地方带来了多种文化,产生了极大的好处。

二、后置译法

我们都知道,英语中很多定语从句都是为了连接两个具有共同名词的句子而存在的,因此在翻译时最好分为两个分句。而对于起限定作用的定语从句,如果结构较为复杂,句子太长,无法译成前置的定语,最后就译成一个后置的并列分句,这样更合乎汉语的习惯。

例句:Our war against terror is a contest of will in which perseverance is power.

译文:我们的反恐战争是一场意志力的较量。在这场较量中,不屈不挠的精神就是力量。

结构较复杂的定语从句常译成后置的并列分句,在多数情况下要重译先行词,或即便句子不长,出于某种原因需要强调先行词,也要重译先行词。

例句:Days and nights are very long on the moon, where one day is as long as two weeks on the earth.

译文:在月亮上,白天和黑夜都相当长,月亮上的一天等于地球上的两周。

有些定语从句翻译时译成后置分句,但可不重译先行词,任符合汉语习惯。

例句:Both picnics and BBQ are friendly, informal social events that offer an opportunity to enjoy a meal outside in pleasant surroundings.

译文:野餐和烧烤都是友情洋溢、不拘礼节的社交活动,可以让大家在户外的一个怡情的环境里高高兴兴地美餐一顿。

三、转换译法

有的定语从语法结构上是定语,其定语的作用,从意义上说又相当于一个状语从句,所以常常被称为状语化的定语从句,说明时间、原因、条件、结果、目的、让步、假设等关系。其中表示因果关系的是考研阶段最为重要的知识点。

例句:I’m not speaking of the few thousand astronomers, geographers and so forth who could give, or have a theoretical knowledge of that proof, but of the ordinary newspaper-reading citizens, such as you or we.

译文:我说的不是数千位天文学家、地理学家之类的人,因为他们可以用观察到的事实或用理论上的依据来证实这点,我指的是如同你我一样只会看报纸的普通读者。

考研英语长难句翻译之四大状语从句

状语从句时考研翻译中很重要的一部分,几乎涉及到每一个长难句,所以我们有必要把状语从句单独拿出来解决。一般来讲状语从句

的翻译相对简单,顺着句子的顺序去翻译就好了,但我们有时候还是会发现有些问题不是很好处理。

首先我们先看一下状语从句的特点。1.一般情况下,引导英语状语从句的从属连词,基本可以在汉语中找到相对应关联词,但有时不必翻译,因为引导汉语状语分句的关联词时常省略,有近50%的汉语复句中并不使用关联词语而且省略关联词的汉语句子更为精练。

2.英语状语从句的位置颇为灵活,置于主句之前或主句之后均可。汉语状语分句一般位于主句之前,只有偶尔才位于主句之后。

这是在翻译状语从句时总体来讲应该注意的问题,下面我们从状语从句的几个分支分别来看一下翻译。

(一)时间状语从句的翻译

1、译成与汉语完全对应的表示时间的状语

例:When they approached Trenton, lights were still burning in many of the houses and Christ mas parties were still going on.

当他们逼近屈兰敦时, 许多房子里仍然灯火通明,圣诞晚会还未结束。

由于英汉语言表达的习惯差异,通常汉语的状语从句位于句首,而英语的状语从句可前可后, 以后为多。汉语是一种意合的语言,汉语句子较少使用关联词。

2、翻译成固定(常规)句型

一般像由hardly (scarcely)…. when (before)…no sooner…

than…as soon as …the moment(the instant )…just as…等短语连词引导的时间状语从句翻译成汉语时, 主句与从句通常要互换, 常常译成包含"刚(一)……就……"这种结构的句子。同样,包含该结构的汉语句子亦应翻译成英语中相对应的固定句式。

例:计算机刚一启动,就发现有病毒。

Hardly had the computer started working when viruses were found.

As soon as she heard the news, she fainted.

3、译成并列分句

例:I was going home when I met Mary.

我正要回家, 就在这个时候,我碰到了玛丽。

4、转译为其他状语从句

英语状语从句有时它们的深层意义互相渗透,可以互相替换,需要转译。有些时间状语从句虽然形式上是由表示时间的引导词(如when, before, until 等)引导,但根据句子逻辑意义来判断,应灵活翻译成表因果关系的从句,或者翻译为表条件的状语从句或表目的的状语从句。

When winds blow particles against a large rock for a long time, the softer layers of the rock are slowly worn away.

由于风把砂粒刮起来, 碰撞大岩石,久而久之,较松软的岩石层就被慢慢地磨损。(---表原因的偏句)

(二)原因状语从句的翻译

英语原因状语从句通常由从属连词as, because, since 引导。所有的英语原因状语从句在汉语译文中通常位于句首,偶尔亦置于句末。汉语的原因状语从句翻译成英语时可位于译句句首,也可置于译句句末。

1、译成表示原因的分句

例:It is frequently said that computers solve problems only because they are "programmed" to do so.

人们常说,电脑之所以能解决问题, 只是因为电脑给输入了解决问题的"程序"。

2、译为不带关联词、因果关系内含的并列分句

As families move away from their stable community, their friends of many years, and their extended family relationships, the informal flow of information is cut off.

众多家庭搬出安定的社区,离开交往多年的朋友,远离大家庭的其他成员, 日常信息来源就此切断。

(三)条件状语从句的翻译

1、译成相对应的表条件的分句

If the epidemic cannot be controlled effec tively, the whole country will come into chaos.

如果这种流行传染病得不到有效控制, 整个国家将会陷入一片混乱之中。

2、译成不含关联词、内含条件关系的句子

If you melt two or more metals together, you can get a new metal.

将两种以上的金属熔化在一起就可产生一种新金属。

3、译成补充说明情况的分句

Be respectful to your superiors, if you have any, also to strangers, and sometimes to others.

要尊重你的上司,如果你有上司的话。对待陌生人,有时还有别人,也要尊重。

4、译成特定的条件分句

They might be prepared to trim production-but only if they are convinced it will firm prices

它们可能准备削减产量--但条件是必须先使这些产油国确信, 石油价格将保持稳定。

(四)让步状语从句的翻译

1、译成表示"让步"的分句

Although there are these cultural differences,the main engine propelling the separatist cause is economic.

尽管有文化差异,但是推动分裂主义进程的主要动力是经济因素。

2、译成表"无条件"的条件分句

汉语里有一种复句,前一分句排除某一方面的一切条件,后一分句说出在任何条件下都会产生同样的结果,也就是说结果的产生没有什么条件限制。这样的复句里的前一分,称之为"无条件"的条件分

句,通常以whatever, wherever, whoever, whenever, no matter wh-为引导词, 通常翻译为以"不论" "无论" "不管" 等关联词。

Yet whenever I stopped by his hospital bedside, he was surrounded by visitors from his church, singing and praying.

然而,无论我何时来到他的病床边,他总是被来自他奉职教堂的人所包围,他们又唱又祷告。

中考陈述句、感叹句、疑问句和祈使句

陈述句、感叹句、疑问句和祈使句 中考主要考查疑问句的疑问词/组、祈使句、感叹句及反义疑问句的回答和它们之间的转换以及应用。其中对疑问词的选择、感叹句的运用及反义疑问句的考查是重点。 一、陈述句 陈述句用来陈述一件事或表达一种看法,有肯定和否定两种形式,句末通常用句号,读降调。 (一)陈述句的肯定式 结构:主语+谓语+其他。如: That boy always helps others. 那个男孩经常帮助别人。 I went to the cinema with my friend yesterday. 昨天我和朋友去电影院了。 (二)陈述句的否定式 1. be的否定式 (1)be用作系动词时,结构为:主语+be+not+表语+其他。如: Tom was not at home yesterday. 昨天汤姆不在家。 (2)be用作助动词,用于be doing/be going to do/be done等时态或被动语态中,结构为:主语+ be+ not+动词的现在分词或过去分词+其他。如: Mother is not cooking. 妈妈没在做饭。 The sweater isn’t made of wool. 这件毛衣不是羊毛做的。

2. 助动词、情态动词的否定式 The girl doesn’t do housework at home. 这个女孩在家不做家务。 Man can’t live without water. 没有水人类不能生存。 3. 除not外,其他否定词也可以构成否定句 (1)用no表示,no=not any/a。如: He has no child.=He doesn’t have any children.他没有孩子。 (2)never绝不,从来不。如: I have never seen such a strange man. 我从没见过这样奇怪的人。 (3)little, few几乎没有。如: There are few students in the crowd. 人群里几乎没有学生。 (4)no one/nobody 没有人。如: No one/Nobody is interested in the book. 没有人对这本书感兴趣。 (5)nothing 什么也没有。如: There is nothing left in the backpack. 背包里没剩什么东西了。 (6)neither of... 没有什么人(常用于两者都不);none of... 没有任何人,什么都没有(用于三者及以上都不)。如:

破解高考英语阅读理解长难句的方法(最新整理)

破解高考英语阅读理解长难句的方法 破解高考英语阅读理解长难句的方法 高考英语阅读理解的文章大都选自英语原版材料,文中含有一些长难句,比较难以理解,对做题会有影响。没关系,看看突破高考英语阅读长难句的5大招,再瞅瞅历年高考长难句精析,10分钟就能教你搞定高考英语中的那些长难句。 英语句子之所以难以理解,有许多原因,其中一个主要原因是句子太长或者句子结构复杂。句子过长或者复杂通常是该句除了主干之外还包含了一些附加部分,如插入语、同位语、分隔现象、各种从句或较长的非谓语动词短语等等。下面我们来谈谈几种英语阅读长难句的处理方法。 方法1:找谓语,定主语 一般情况下,一个谓语形式的动词对应其动作的发出者(主语),我们可以根据谓语动词的意义来确定其主语。而且,如果一个句子中出现两个或两个以上的谓语形式的动词,则该句可以是并列句或复合句(并列谓语动词的情况除外)。如:

People feared that weakening a 21-year-old ban on the sale of ivory would encourage illegal hunting and hurt elephant populations. 【句意】二十一年来,象牙交易一直被明令禁止,人们担心削弱这一禁令会助长非法捕猎,导致大象数量减少。 【分析】that引导宾语从句,从句中谓语动词是encourage 和hurt,根据逻辑意义,可知encourage和hurt 的主语是动名词短语weakening a 21-year-old ban on the sale of ivory。 方法2:提主干,去枝叶(从句、状语和定语等) 一般情况下,一个句子中的主句所表达的信息为主要信息,从句、状语和定语等所表达的信息为次要信息。若句子的主干提炼不出来,就不能完全把握句子的核心意义,从而导致思维混乱,主次不分。如: Economists from the University of Sussex analysed findings

初中英语知识点总结:感叹句和祈使句

知识点总结 一、感叹句 感叹句是用来表达喜、怒、哀、乐等强烈感情的一种句式。尽管感叹句的表现形式多种多样,但主要的表现形式只有两种,即what和how引导的感叹句。what修饰名词,how 修饰形容词、副词或动词。 1、由感叹词what引导的感叹句。what修饰名词或名词短语,有以下两种形式: 1)What+a(an)+(形容词)+单数可数名词+主语+谓语!或是:What+名词词组+主语+谓语!如:What a fine day it is! 2)What+(形容词)+可数名词复数或不可数名词+主语+谓语!如:What kind women they are! What nice music it is! 2、由How引导的感叹句。how用来修饰形容词、副词或动词。其结构是:How+形容词(副词)+主语+谓语!例如: How hard the workers are working! How clever the girl is! 注意:当how修饰动词时,动词不跟着感叹词提到主语之前。How fast the runner runs! 3、what与how引导的感叹句,一般情况下可以相互转换,转换后意义不变。(具体见下)如:What an interesting story it is!==How interesting the story is! what a beautiful building it is!==How beautiful the building is! 在口语中,感叹句的主语和谓语常常省略。如:What a nice present!(省略it is)How disappointed!(省略she is或其它可作本句主、谓的词语) 二、祈使句 用于表达命令、请求、劝告、警告、禁止等的句子叫做祈使句,祈使句通常省略主语,谓语动词用原形,句尾用感叹号或句号。 1、肯定结构: 1)动词原形(+宾语)+其它成分。如:Please have a seat here. 请这边坐。有的祈使句在意思明确的情况下,动词可省略。如:This way, please. = Go this way, please. 请这边走。 2)Be + 表语(名词或形容词)+其它成分。如:Be a good boy! 要做一个好孩子! 3)Let + 宾语+ 动词原形+ 其它成分。如:Let me help you. 让我来帮你。 2、否定结构: 1)don't+动词原形+其他。如:Don't forget me! 不要忘记我! Don't be late for school! 上学不要迟到! 2)Let + 宾语+ not + 动词原形+ 其它成分。如: Let him not go. 别让他走。 3)有些可用no开头,用来表示禁止性的祈使句。如:No smoking! 禁止吸烟! 常见考法 对于感叹句和祈使句的考查,常会出现在单选和完成句子中,主要考察两种句子的用法和构成。 典型例题:You should not talk in class.(改写同义句) in class. 解析:本题考查祈使句的用法。从题意“你不应该在课堂上说话”可知,这是建议对方不要做某事的,应该用祈使句。

祈使句与感叹句、陈述句

祈使句的作用是要求、请求或命令、劝告、叮嘱、建议别人做或不做一件事。祈使句的句末一般用感叹号,但是有些祈使句的语气较弱,可以用句号结尾。祈使句可以用语气词“吧”作结尾,也可以不用语气词。祈使句可以表示命令、请求、禁止、劝阻等。祈使句表示请求、命令、建议等等。谓语动词一律用原形。句子中通常不用主语,句末用惊叹号或 者句号,用降调。祈使句中的主语常常被省去。表示命令的祈使句例如: “保持肃静!”、“起立”表示请求的句式表示请求的句式通常是“请……”。例如: “请等我一会。”表示禁止的句式表示禁止的句式有:“不准……”、“不要……”、“别……”等。例如: 此处不准停车! 例如: 此处禁止吸烟! 表示劝阻的句式表示劝阻的句式通常是「请勿……」。例如:请勿在车厢内饮食。 陈述句:就是把问句化成陈述句。 如。他真的是一个好孩子吗? 转陈述句:他真是一个好孩子。 感叹句:有赞叹类似的语句: 如:他真是一个好孩子啊! 反问句:如:难道他真是的是一个好孩子吗?(注意:陈述句转反问句中一般在句子前加难道……吗?) 双重否定句:两个否定变肯定 如:我不得不承认那个本是我的 在双重否定句中,有那么几个个可以用: 不得不不能不难道……不……不可能不不会不怎么会……不不是不等 更加详细的话你去BAIDU搜一 感叹句:加上“啊”及“!”,有时应加上“真”、“很”、“多么”、“太”。 陈述句改反问句:加上“怎么”“怎能”“难道”其中一个反问词,有“不”改没“不”,没“不”改有“不”(看情况,不能一个词、比如“不声不响”你把它改了意思就变了,要看情况),加上“吗”、“呢”以及“?”。 陈述句改双重否定句:加上“不得不”、“不会不”、“不能不”、“无()不”、“没()不”的其中一个(看情况选)。

高考英语阅读长难句

高考英语阅读长难句 1 Researchers analyzing word-of-mouth communication —e-mails, Web posts and reviews, face-to-face conversations — found that it tended to be more positive than negative, but that didn't necessarily mean people preferred positive news 2 Those given night milk, which contained 10 times the amount of melatonin, were less active and less anxious than those fed with the milk collected during daytime, according to the study published in The Journal of Medicinal Food. 3.While the effect of cows milk harvested at different time has not been tested on humans up to now, taking melatonin drugs has been suggested to those who are struggling to fall asleep at night. 4 CCM organizes a variety of events, including performances by the well-known LaSalle Quartet, CCM's Philharmonic Orchestra, and various groups of musicians presenting Baroque through modern music. 5 To people who are used to the limited choice of apples such as Golden Delicious and Royal Gala in supermarkets, it can be quite an eye opener to see the range of classical apples still in existence, such as Decio which was grown by the Romans. 6 For many older people, particularly those living alone or in the country, driving is important for preserving their independence, giving them the freedom to get out and about without having to rely on others. 7.But we all have to accept that as we get older our reactions slow down and this often results in people avoiding any potentially challenging driving conditions and losing confidence in their driving skills. 8 The proposal attempts to deal with what some call the “death valley”of autonomous vehicles: the grey area between semi-autonomous and fully driverless cars that could delay the driverless future. 9 The friendship that grew out of the experience of making that film and The Sting four years later had its root in the fact that although there was an age difference, we both came from a tradition of theater and live TV. 10.We shared the belief that if you’re fortunate enough to have success, you should put something back - he with his Newman’s Own food and his Hole in the Wall camps for kids who are seriously ill, and me with Sundance and the institute and the festival. 11 TOKNOW makes complex ideas attractive and accessible to children, who can become involved in advanced concepts and even philosophy—and they will soon discover that TOKNOW feels more like a club than just a magazine.

教案--祈使句和感叹句

Unit 7 Poems Grammar 祈使句和感叹句 学习任务:1.祈使句 2.感叹句 达到目标:理解什么祈使句和什么是感叹句,并能正确使用他们。 过程与方法:导学-自学-讨论 语法之一祈使句 一定义:什么是祈使句? 用于表达命令、请求、劝告、警告、禁止等的句子叫做祈使句。 二:祈使句有没有主语? 祈使句因对象(即主语)是第二人称(you),所以通常都没有主语。 三、祈使句的表现形式 祈使句的动词都是动词原形,句末使用逗号或感叹号来表示结束。 例: ①Go and wash your hands. (去洗你的手。——命令) ②Be quiet,please.(Please be quiet.)(请安静。——请求) ③Be kind to your sister.(对姊妹要和善。——劝告) ④Watch your steps.(走路小心。——警告)Look out!Danger!(小心!危险!) ⑤Keep off the grass. (勿践草坪。——禁止)No parking.(禁止停车。——禁止) No eating or drinking.(禁止吃喝。——禁止) No littering.(禁止乱扔垃圾。——禁止) 四、归纳与概括:祈使句口诀 例如:①Open the door ,please. ②Don’t open the door. ③Be quiet, boys and girls! ④Don’t be late again! ⑤Let’s go to play basketball. 语法之二:感叹句 一、定义:有时候我们为了强调或表示强烈的情感而使用的句子,这类句子称之为感叹句。常见的有what 和how引导的句子。 What感叹句 句型1.what +a+形容词+名词+主语+动词!例如:What a good boy he is! 句型2. what +an+形容词+名词+主语+动词!例如:What an interesting book it is! 句型3.what +形容词+复数名词+主语+动词!例如:What good boys they are ! 句型4.what +形容词+不可数名词+主语+动词!例如:What bad weather it is! How 感叹句 How +形容词/副词+主语+动词! 例如“ ①How beautiful she is ! ②How clever that boy is ! ②How slowly you walk! ④How fast the teacher speaks! 小结:

高考英语阅读理解长难句的处理技巧

高考英语阅读理解长难句的处理技 巧 高考英语考试的关键在与理解,很多学生在长难句理解方面有所欠缺,下面就是给大家带来的高考英语阅读理解长难句的处理技巧,希望大家喜欢! 一、处理长难句的原则方法 如果待处理的长难句为一个复杂的单句,可这样处理:跳读修饰成分,迅速找出主谓结构。这样一来,我们便可以将长句化为短句,将难句化为易句。具体步骤是:先跳读修饰成分或附加成分,找出句子的主干并理解其意义;然后再分段理解修饰成分或附加成分。 如果待处理的长难句为一个复杂的并列句,可这样处理:先找出其中的并列连词,然后再根据并列连词的意思理清句子前后是顺连关系还是反连关系,是因果关系还是转折关系等,最后再根据不同的语境关系正确理解句意。 如果待处理的长难句为一个复杂的主从复合句,可这样处理:先分清主句与从句,然后弄清从句的性质,即弄清它是什么

从句——名词性从句,还是状语从句,或是定语从句。注意,弄清从句性质对于理解复合句的意思至关重要。 另外,有一点要提醒同学们,在处理长难句时,如果既能正确理解句意,又能将其准确地译成中文,那是最好了。但是,对于有些长难句,要在较短时间内(如在参加考试时)将其译成中文比较困难,此时只要能正确理解其意思就行了,如果硬要勉为其难地译成中文,不仅会浪费时间,而且在许多情况也没有必要。 二、经典高考真题实例分析 下面这篇*共有194个单词,却只有9个句子,平均每个句子大约有22个单词,是近几年高考英语阅读理解中一篇比较典型的集中含有长难句的*。*内容如下: Tristan da Cunha, a 38-square-mile island, is the farthest inhabited island in the world, according to the Guinness Book of Records. It is 1,510 miles southwest of its nearest neighbor St. Helena, and 1,950 miles west of Africa. Discovered by the Portuguese admiral(葡萄牙海军上将) of the same name in 1506, and settled in 1810, the island belongs to Great Britain and has a population of a few hundred. Coming in a close second——and often wrongly mentioned as the most distant island——is Easter Island, which lies 1,260 miles

中考英语备考:英语感叹句与祈使句专讲(知识梳理 练习)

中考英语感叹句与祈使句专讲(知识梳理练习) 中考英语感叹句与祈使句专讲(知识梳理+练习) 感叹句和祈使句都是中考考察的重点,在选择题、句型转换、填空和改错等题型中都会出现。这属于语法的基础部分,也是重点部分。需要完全搞懂,驾轻就熟。 一、感叹句 感叹句的概念: 感叹句表示快乐、惊讶、悲哀、厌恶、恐惧等浓厚和强烈的感情。感叹句一般用降调,句末都用叹号。 感叹句构成; How或what(a、an)+感叹部分+陈述句(主谓) 感叹句一般用感叹词How或What引导。How作状语,修饰形容词、副词或动词,What作定语,修饰名词。 (一)由感叹词what引导的感叹句。 注意,What引导的感叹句感叹部分主体是名词。 1、 What+a/an+(形容词)+单数可数名词+主谓+! 例句:What a fine day it is! 2、What+(形容词)+可数名词复数或不可数名词+主谓+! 例句:What kind women they are! 3、What+形容词+不可数名词+主谓! 例句:What nice music it is!

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