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2015江苏高考英语D篇翻译

2015江苏高考英语D篇翻译
2015江苏高考英语D篇翻译

Freedom and Responsibility

Freedom’s challenge in the Digital Age is a serious topic. We are facing today a strange new world and we are all wondering what we are going to do with it.

Some 2,500 years ago Greece discovered freedom. Before that there was no freedom. There were great civilizations, splendid empires, but no freedom anywhere. Egypt and Babylon were both tyrannies, one very powerful man ruling over helpless masses.

In Greece, in Athens (雅典), a little city in a little country, there were no helpless masses. And Athenians willingly obeyed the written laws which they themselves passed, and the unwritten, which must be obeyed if free men live together. They must show each other kindness and pity and the many qualities without which life would be very painful unless one chose to live alone in the desert.The Athenians never thought that a man was free if he could do what he wanted. A man was free if he was self-controlled. To make yourself obey what you approved was freedom. They were saved from looking at their lives as their own private affair. Each one felt responsible for the welfare of Athens, not because it was forced on him from the outside, but because the city was his pride and his safety. The essential belief of the first free government in the world was liberty for all men who could control themselves and would take responsibility for the state.

But discovering freedom is not like discovering computers. It cannot be discovered once for all. If people do not prize it, and work for it, it will go. Constant watch is its price. Athens changed. It was a change that took place without being noticed though it was of the extreme importance, a spiritual change which affected the whole state. It had been the Athenians pride and joy to give to their city. That they could get material benefits from her never entered their minds. There had to be a complete change of attitude before they could look at the city as an employer who paid her citizens for doing her work. Now instead of men giving to the state, the state was to give to them.What the people wanted was a government which would provide a comfortable life for them; and with this as the primary object, ideas of freedom and self-reliance and responsibility were neglected to the point of disappearing. Athens was more and more looked on as a cooperative business possessed of great wealth in which all citizens had a right to share.

Athens reached the point when the freedom she really wanted was freedom from responsibility.There could be only one result. If men insisted on being free from the burden of self-dependence and responsibility for the common good, they would cease to be free. Responsibility is the price every man must pay for freedom. It is to be had on no other terms. Athens, the Athens of Ancient Greece, refused responsibility; she reached the end of freedom and was never to have it again.

But, “the excellent becomes the permanent”, Aristotle said. Athens lost freedom forever, but freedom was not lost forever for the world. A great American, James Madison, referred to: “The capacity (能力) of mankind for self-government.”No doubt he had not an idea that he was speaking Greek. Athens was not in the farthest background of his mind, but once man has a great and good idea, it is never completely lost. The Digital Age cannot destroy it. Somehow in this or that man’s thought such an idea lives though unconsidered by the world of action. One can never be sure that it is not on the point of breaking out into action only sure that it will do so sometime.

参考翻译:

自由与责任

在数字时代,自由是一个严肃的话题。我们当下面对的是一个陌生的新世界,我们都在想着我们将要做什么。

大约在2500年前,希腊发明了自由。在这之前自由并不存在。当时有伟大的文明,辉煌的帝国,但没有任何的自由。埃及和巴比伦都是独裁的,有着一个集权者统治着绝望的大众。

在希腊雅典,一个小国家的小城市,在这里没有绝望的民众。雅典人自愿地遵守着他们通过的自由人生活在一起就必须遵守的成文或不成文法。他们必须向对方展示仁慈和怜悯,还有许多品质。没有了这些品质,百姓就会活在水中当中,除非一个人选择独自于孤苦沙漠当中。雅典人从不认为为所欲为的人是自由的,自由人是自控之人。让自我服从于自我臣服的东西才是自由的。他们自视自己的生活为私事,并从这个理念中被救赎。每个人都对雅典的福祉负责,不是因为这是被外界强加的力量,而是因为这个城市是他们的骄傲和温床。世界上第一个自由政府的必要信念对于每一个能自控,能对这个国家负责的人来说都是自由的。

然而发掘自由与发明电脑大相径庭。一次发明自由,不代表永远流长。如果人民不珍视它,不经营它,它将会消逝。持续的耕耘才是它的价值。雅典改变了,这是一次被人忽视,却又极为重要的改变,是一次影响整个国家的精神层面的改变。它曾是雅典带给这座城市的骄傲与喜悦。人们可以从雅典身上获取物质利益,雅典却并不了解人们的想法。在人们把这座城市当作雇主来支付城市员工工作酬劳之前,必须要有一个彻底的转变。现在并不是人民要奉献给国家,而是国家得偿还给人民。人民所想要的是一个能给予人民舒适生活的政府,并把这种观点作为主要对象。对于自由的想法,自立和责任被抛之脑后,达到逐渐消亡的程度。雅典被愈发看成是一个拥有巨大财产的合作企业,在这个企业中每个公民都有权分享。

当雅典真正需要的是从责任中汲取的自由,她达到了这样的程度。结果只有一个,如果人民坚持自由,而摆脱自我依赖和社会共同利益责任感的重负,他们将不再自由。责任是每个人都必须为了自由而付出的代价,这一点决不动摇。雅典,古希腊的雅典,排斥了承担责任,她走向自由的终结,自由不复存在。

然而亚里士多德说:“优秀的东西成为永久的东西。”雅典永远失去了自由,但是世界并非永远失去了自由。一个杰出的美国人杰姆斯麦迪逊这样说:“有能者自治。”毫无疑问,他不知道他说的正是希腊。希腊并不位列在他脑中最深邃的背景中,然而一旦人类有了一个伟大而美好的想法,那就永不会消失。数字时代无法摧毁它。不知在某个人的思想当中,这样的想法依然存在,尽管还没有被世界的种种动机所考量。没有人能确保它是否处在突破瓶颈,步入实践的阶段,但可以确信,总有一天它能成为现实。

(Translator:Diodio)

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第四部分: 任务型阅读(共10 小题; 每小题1 分, 满分10 分) 请阅读下面短文,并根据所读内容在文章后表格中的空格里填入一个踿踿最恰当的单词。 注意: 请将答案写在答题卡上相应题号的横线上。每个空格只填一个单词。 People select news in expectation of a reward. This reward may be either of two kinds. One is related to what Freud calls the Pleasure Principle, the other to what he calls the Reality Principle. For want of better names, we shall call these two classes immediate reward and delayed reward. In general, the kind of news which may be expected to give immediate reward are news of crime and corruption, accidents and disasters, sports, social events, and human interest. Delayed reward may be expected from news of public affairs, economic matters, social problems, science, education, and health. News of the first kind pays its rewards at once. A reader can enjoy an indirect experience without any of the dangers or stresses involved. He can tremble wildly at an axe-murder, shake his head sympathetically and safely at a hurricane, identify himself with the winning team, laugh understandingly at a warm little story of children or dogs. News of the second kind, however, pays its rewards later. It sometimes requires the reader to tolerate unpleasantness or annoyance—as, for example, when he reads of the threatening foreign situation, the mounting national debt, rising taxes, falling market, scarce housing, and cancer. It has a kind of “threat value."It is read so that th e reader may be informed and prepared. When a reader selects delayed reward news, he pulls himself into the world of surrounding reality to which he can adapt himself only by hard work. When he selects news of the other kind, he usually withdraws from the world of threatening reality toward the dream world. For any individual, of course, the boundaries of these two classes are not stable. For example, a sociologist may read news of crime as a social problem, rather than for its immediate reward. A coach may read a sports story for its threat value: he may have to play that team next week. A politician may read an account of his latest successful public meeting, not for its delayed reward, but very much as his wife reads an account of a party. In any given story of corruption or disaster, a thoughtful reader may receive not only the immediate reward of indirect experience, but also the delayed reward of information and preparedness. Therefore, while the division of categories holds in general, an individual's tendency may transfer any story from one kind of reading to another, or divide the experience between the two kinds of reward.

2015年江苏省高考英语试卷及答案(word版本)

英语试题 第一部分听力(共两节,满分20分) 做题时,先将答案标在试卷上。录音内容结束后,你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上。 第一节(共5小题;每小题1分,满分5分) 听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题,从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项,并标在试卷的相应位置。听完每段对话后,你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。 例:How much is the shirt? A.£19.15. B. £9.18. C.谊9.15. 答案是C。 1 . What time is it now? A.9: 10. B.9:50. C. 10:00. 2.What does the woman think of the weather? A.It’s nice. B. It’s warm. C. It’s cold. 3.What will the man do? A.Attend a meeting. B. Give a lecture. C. Leave his office. 4.What is the woman’s opinion about the course? A. Too hard. B. Worth taking. C. Very easy. 5 . What does the woman want the man to do? A. Speak louder. B.Apologize to her. C.Turn off the radio.

第二节(共15小题;每小题1分,满分15分) 听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题,从题中所给的A 、B 、C 三个选项 中选出最佳选项,并标在试卷的相应位置。听每段对话或独白前,你将有时间阅读各个小题, 每小题5秒钟;听完后,各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。 听第6段材料,回答第6、7题。 6. How long did Michael stay in China? A. Five days. B. One week. 7. Where did Michael go last year? A. Russia. B. Norway. 听第7段材料,回答第8、9题。 8. What food does Sally like? A. Chicken. B. Fish. 9. What are the speakers going to do? A. Cook dinner. B. Go shopping. 听第8段材料,回答第10至12题。 10. Where are the speakers? A. In a hospital. B. In the office. 11. When is the report due? A. Thursday. B. Friday. 12. What does George suggest Stephanie do with the report? A. Improve it. B. Hand it in later. C. Leave it with him. 听第9段材料,回答第13至16题。 13. What is the probable relationship between the speakers? A. Salesperson and customer. B. Homeowner and cleaner. C. Husband and wife. 14.What kind of apartment do the speakers prefer? C. Two weeks. C. India. C. Eggs. C. Order dishes. C. At home. C. Next Monday. 15. How much rent should one pay for the one-bedroom apartment? A. $350. B. $400. C. $415. 16. Where is the apartment the speakers would like to see? A. On Lake Street. B. On Market Street. C.On South Street. 听第10段材料,回答第17至20题。 17. What percentage of the world's tea exports go to Britain? A. Almost 15% . B. About 30% . C. Over 40% . 18. Why do tea tasters taste tea with milk? A. Most British people drink tea that way. B. Tea tastes much better with milk. C. Tea with milk is healthy. 19. Who suggests a price for each tea? A. Tea tasters. B. Tea exporters. C. Tea companies. 20. What is the speaker talking about? A. The life of tea tasters. B. Afternoon tea in Britain. C. The London Tea Trade Centre. 第二部分:英语知识运用(共两节,满分35分) 第一节:单项填空(共15小题;每小题1分,满分15分) 请阅读下面各题,从题中所给的A 、B 、C 、D 四个选项中,选出最佳选项,并在答题卡上 将该项涂黑。 例:It is generally considered unwise to give a child he or she wants. A. however B. whatever C. whichever D. whenever 答案是B 。 21. The number of smokers, is reported, has dropped by 17 percent in just one year. A. it B. which C. what D. as 22. Schools should be lively places where individuals are encouraged to to their greatest potential. A. accelerate B. improve C. perform D. develop

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2015高考英语试题 导读:本文2015高考英语试题,仅供参考,如果能帮助到您,欢迎点评和分享。 高考数学频道讯:2015高考英语试题 本试卷分为第I卷(选择题)和第II卷(非选择题)两部分。满分150分。考试时间120分钟。 第I卷(选择题,共115分) 注:每小题选了答案后,用铅笔把答案卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需要改动,用橡皮擦干净后,再选涂其他答案标号。不能答在试卷上。 第一部分:听力(满分30分)。 做题时,先将答案划在试卷上。录音结束后,你有两分钟的时间将答案转涂到答题卡上。 第一节(共5小题;每小题1.5分,满分7.5分) 听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话后有几个小题,从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项,并标在试卷的相应位置。听完每段对话后,你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。 例:How much is the shirt? A.£19.15 B.£9.18 C.£9.15 答案是C。

1.What will the woman do for the man? A.Have his luggage delivered. B.Help him to find his luggage. C.Take care of his luggage. 2.When does the man’s plane take off? A.At 5:00. B.At 5:30. C.At 7:00. 3.Where are the two speakers? A.In a shop. B.In a police station. C.At a party. 4.How does the woman come here ? A.By land. B.By sea. C.By air. 5. Who sent a new camera to the boy ? A.His uncle. B.His mother. C.Alice. 第二节(共15小题;每小题1.5分,满分22.5分) 英语试题第1页(共12页) 听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题,从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项,并标在试卷的相应位置。听每段对话或独白前,你将有时间阅读各个小题,每小题5秒钟;听完后,各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。 听第6段材料,回答第6至8题。 6.What is the probable relationship between the speakers? A.Guest and hostess. B.Customer and waitress. C.Husband and wife.

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