2004年中山大学外国语学院453语言学概论考研真题及答案
I.Transcribe the following words into IPA symbols,with stress marking where necessary.(10%) Example:life---/laif/resoect/ri’spekt/
1.elite
2.chimney
3.sacrifice
4.hierarchy
5.agenda
6.chaotic
7.wrestle
8.pamphlet
9.Greenwich10.amour
II.Fill in the following blanks.(15%)
1._______is an umbrella term which covers a variety of different interests in language and society,including the social functions of language and the social characteristics of its users.
2.Allophones are said to be in_______because they never occur in the same context.
3._______refers to the change of a sound as a result of the influence of an adjacent sound.
4.The category of_______is prominent in the grammar of Latin,with six distinctions of nominative,vocative,accusative,genitive,dative and ablative.
5.In I957.Robert Lado published his Linguistics Across Cultures in which he presented a large quantity of data and stated the importance of_______analysis.
6.For Bloomfield,linguistics is a branch of Psychology,and specifically of the positivistic brand of psychology known as_______.
7._______Theory was formally proposed by Dan Sperber and Deirdre Wilson in their book https://www.doczj.com/doc/2818555683.html,munication and Cognition in1986
8.Inspired by the medieval grammarians,Ogden and Richard(1923)present the classic semantic triangle”in their book_______.
9.The generative approach to linguistics refers to the theory originated with the American linguist_______,who published his book Syntactic Structures in1957.
10.In the1960’s M.A.K Halliday made the distinction between‘_______’and‘actual linguistic
behaviour’.
11.The theory of meaning which relates the meaning of a word to the thing it refers to,or stands
for,is known as the_______theory.
12.The Prague School can be traced back to its first meeting under the leadership of_______.
13.The purpose of_______test is in discover what the testee already knows about the target
language.It is not confined with any particular course but the learner’s general level of language mastery.
14.The idea that the meaning of a sentence depends on the meanings of the constituent words
and the way they are combined is usually known as the principle of_______.
15.The man who turned linguistics proper into a recognized distinct academic subject in Britain
was_______,the first Professor of General Linguistics in Great Britain.
III.Define the following terns.(50%)
1.prescriptive grammar
2.back formation
3.psycholiguistics
4.linguistic relativity
5.phatic communion
6.traditional grammar
7.grammatical word8.theme
9.cooperative principle10.hyponymy
IV.Explain the following statements with examples.(30%)
1.Arbitrariness of language makes it potentially creative,and conventionality of language makes teaming a language laborious.
2.Chomsky’s Innateness Hypothesis is based on his observations that some important facts can never be otherwise explained adequately.
3.In Functional Grammar,the Interpersonal Function embodies all uses of language to express social and personal relations.
V.Answer the following questions with examples where necessary.(45%)
1.To what extent is phonology related to phonetics and how do they differ?
2.What is the Post-structuralist view towards learner’s errors?
3.What do the following two quotes reveal about the different emphases or perspectives of language studies?
...A human language is a system of remarkable complexity.To come to know a human language would be an extraordinary intellectual achievement for a creature not specifically designed to accomplish this task.A normal child acquired this knowledge on relatively slight exposure and without specific training.He can then quite effortlessly make use of an intricate structure of specific rules and guiding principles to convey his thought and feelings to other... Thus language is a mirror of mind in a deep and significant sense,It is a product of human intelligence,created anew in each individual by operations that lie far beyond the reach of will or consciousness.
(Noam Chomsky,1975.Reflections on Language Pantheon Books.) It is fairly obvious that language is used to serve a variety of different needs but until we examine its grammar there is no clear reason for classifying its uses in any particular way However,when we examine the meaning potential of language itself,we find that the vast numbers of options embodied in it combine into a very few relatively independent“networks”, and these networks of options correspond to certain basic functions of language This enables us to give an account of the different functions of language that is relevant to the general understanding of linguistic structure rather that to any particular psychological or sociological investigation.
(M.A K Halliday,https://www.doczj.com/doc/2818555683.html,nguage structure and language function,in John Lyons,New
Horizons in Linguistics penguin)
参考答案
I.Transcribe the following words into IPA symbols,with stress marking where necessary.(10%)
1.elite//
2.chimney//
3.sacrifice//
4.hierarchy//
5.agenda//
6.chaotic//
7.wrestle//
8.pamphlet//
9.Greenwich//
10.amour/
II.Fill in the following blanks.(15%)
1.sociolinguistics
https://www.doczj.com/doc/2818555683.html,plementary distribution
3.assimilation
4.case
5.contrastive
6.behaviourism
7.Relevance
8.The Meaning of Meaning
9.Noam Chomsky
10.linguistic potential
11.referential
12.Mathesius
13.proficiency
https://www.doczj.com/doc/2818555683.html,positionality
15.J.R.Firth
III.Define the following terms.(50%)
1.Prescriptive grammar is a grammar which states rules for what is considered the best or most
grammarian’s views of what is best.
2.Back-formation.It refers to an abnormal type of word-formation where a shorter word is derived by deleting an imagined affix from a longer form already in the language.For example, from“editor”the word“edit”was generated.
3.Psycholinguistics investigates the interrelation of language and mind,in processing and producing utterances and in language acquisition for example.It also studies language development in the child,such as the theories of language acquisition;biological foundations of language;and the relationship between language and cognition.
4.linguistic relativity:This is one of two points in Sapir-Whorf hypothesis.It states that similarity between languages is relative,the greater their structural differentiation is,the more diverse their conceptualization of the world is.For example,not every language has the same set of words for the colors;in Spanish there is no word that corresponds to the English meaning of “blue”.
5.phatic communion:The term phatic communion originates from Malinowski’s study of the functions of language.It refers to the social interaction of language.We all use small, seemlingly meaningless expressions to maintain a comfortable relationship between people without involving any factual content.Ritual exchanges about health or weather often state the obvious phatic communion.
6.Traditional grammar is a grammar that is usually based on earlier grammars of Latin or Greek. It is often notional and prescriptive in their approach.
7.grammatical word:Those words that express grammatical meanings,such as conjunctions, prepositions,articles,and pronouns,are grammatical words.
8.theme:In systemic-functional grammar,theme is the element which serves as the point of departure of the message;it is that with which the clause is concerned.
9.Cooperative principle was proposed and formulated by Grice.It expresses that in making a conversation,the participants must first of all be willing to cooperate;otherwise,it would not be possible for them to carry on the talk.It goes like this:“make your conversational contribution such as is required,at the stage at which it occurs,by the accepted purpose or direction of the talk exchange in which you are engaged”.This principle can be further specified as the four following maxims:Quantity,Quality,Relation;Manner.
10.Hyponymy refers to the sense relationship between a more general,more inclusive and a
more specific word.The word which is more general in meaning is called the superordiante, and the more specific words are called its hyponyms.
IV.Explain the following statements with examples.(30%)
1.Arbitrariness of language makes it potentially creative,and conventionality of language makes teaming a language laborious.
Key:The widely accepted designing feature of arbitrariness refers to the fact that the forms of linguistic signs bear no natural relationship to their meaning.For instance,we cannot explain why a book is called a/buk/and a pen a/pen/.The arbitrary nature of language is a sign of sophistication and it makes it possible for language to have an unlimited source of expressions. The link between a linguistic sign and its meaning is a matter of convention.Here we have to look at the other side of the coin of arbitrariness,namely,conventionality.Arbitrariness of
language laborious.Because there is already an accepted convention of what a linguistic sign means,the learner can not arbitrarily impose certain meaning to that sign as they like;instead, he has to follow and remember what has been settled down,which makes learning more difficult than just arbitrarily creating a sign to refer to certain meaning.
2.Chomsky’s Innateness Hypothesis is based on his observations that some important facts can never be otherwise explained adequately.
Key:Chomsky’s innateness hypothesis is based on his observations that some important facts can never be otherwise explained adequately.First,children learn their native language fast and with little effort.It is said that children become fluent speakers of their native language by the age of five.Considering the fact that small children are not yet intellectually mature for any other sciences,this is surprising fast.Second,there are other facts that are puzzling if language was not innate.Children learn their mother tongue in very different environments.But they follow more or less the same stages in acquisition:the babbling stage,nonsense word stage, holophrastic stage,two–word utterance,developing grammar,near-adult grammar,and full competence.Despite the great difference in linguistic environment,they reach uniform levels of competence.Children may be good at different things,but in their first language acquisition, their difference is amazingly small.Third,the child learns the total grammar of the language during a limited period of time,from limited exposure to speech(which is often degenerate data).He can not only produce and understand sentences he has heard,but also sentences he has never heard before.What he learns seems to be set of rules rather than individual sentences.
All these suggest that although babies are not born knowing a language,they are born with a predisposition to develop a language in much the same way as they are born with a predisposition to leaner to walk.Like the ability to walk,the ability to speak and understand spoken langue seems to be a natural human activity.
3.In Functional Grammar,the Interpersonal Function embodies all uses of language to express social and personal relations.
Key:In Functional grammar,the interpersonal function embodies all uses of language to express social and personal relations.In terms of interpersonal function,the clause is seen as an interactive event.In this event,the speaker selects certain role and assigns a corresponding one to the addressee.If the speaker is asking a question,for example,he assumes the role of one asking for information and puts the addressee in the role of one expected to provide information.
More specifically,this meta-function is realized by the grammatical structure in terms of the Mood system,and it is also in terms of it the speaker assigns the interactive role to himself and the hearer.The Mood structure reveals four types of speech function,namely,offer, command,question,and statement.For example,as to the statement,it is often referred to by a semantic category of proposition,and it is often realized by indicatives,with Subject preceding Finite.
V.Answer the following questions with examples where necessary.(45%)
1.To what extent is phonology related to phonetics and how do they differ?
1.Bandwidth and Delay a. On a generic multi-hop network, explain the potential causes of delay for a packet: ? Propagation delay: ? Transmission delay: ? Queueing delay: ? Processing delay: b. For a fixed network path, which of these delays are constant over time, and which ones vary with load? Explain why. c. (Estimating bottleneck bandwidth). An interesting technique used to estimate the bottleneck bandwidth in a network is called packet pair. The idea is simple: you send two packets back-to-back (no gap), at the full bandwidth of the first hop. The receiver at the other end can then determine the bandwidth by measuring the delay between the receptions of the two packets. In this problem we will do just that, with a simplified 3-link network shown in the figure below, with no extra traffic, no queues, and instantaneous access to the medium.
2015中山大学878信号与系统考研真题 一、(5×3=15分)计算题（注: δ(·)表示单位冲激函数，u(·)表示单位阶跃函数，后题同） 1. dt t t t )1()3cos(-?∞∞-δπ 2.现有一离散时间的线性时不变系统，当输入 ]3[5.0][-=n n x δ 时，系统响应为]1[5.0][-=n u n y n ，求该系统的单位冲激响应 3.若x[n]= - n (u [n+1] - u[n-2] )，h[n]=2(u[n]-u[n-3] )，计算y[n]=x[n]*h[n] （其中*表示信号的卷积运算，后题同)。 二、(10×2=20分)判断分析题 1.某离散时间系统由下列方程描述 ???=是奇数 ，是偶数n n n x n y 0],[][ 其中，x[n]是系统的输入，y [n]是系统的输出，试判断并解释该系统的下列属性是否成立:1）线性;2)时不变性;3)稳定性;4)无记忆性;5)因果性。 2.判断并解释下面每一种表述是否正确 (1)如果x(t)是奇信号，则 - x(-t)是偶信号。 (2)周期信号通常都是能量有限信号。 (3)信号 )22c o s ()2s i n ()(t t t x ππ+= 是周期信号。 (4)冲激信号具有有限的面积和能量。 (5)若x(t)是一个能量有限的实信号，则一定存在常数A 和θ，可使得)6c o s ()3c o s (*)(θ+=t A t t x 三、(15分)确定如题图3所示周期信号的傅里叶级数，并计算该信号中一次谐波和二次谐波的功率。 四、(15分)某线性时不变系统如题图4所示，其中1),()(),`()(21===T t u t h t t h δ （1）求系统的频率响应H(jw)，并请画出系统的幅频特性和相频特性曲线; （2）若激励信号为式x(t)=Sa(2t) ，求响应y(t)。(注：t t t Sa )sin()(= ）
2011年中山大学外国语学院833语言学概论考研真题及答案 I.Transcribe the following words into IPA symbols,with stress marking where necessary.(10 points) Example：find—／／,beneath—／／ 1.corpora 2.sociologist 3.Chef 4.debris 5.nasal 6.embedding 7.antonymy 8.facial 9.annotated 10.phonetics II.Fill in the following blanks.(15points) 1.Lyons predicted in the seventies by pointing out that linguistics is_______,rather than speculative or intuitive：it operates with publicly variable data obtained by means of observation or experiment. 2.Phonetic similarity means that the_______of a phoneme must bear some phonetic resemblance. 3.Words can be classified into variable words and invariable words.As for variable words,they may have_______changes.That is,the same word my have different grammatical forms but part of the word remains relatively constant. 4.In their book_______written in l923,C.K.Ogden and I.A.Richards presented a“representative list of the main definitions which reputable students of meaning have favoured.”There are16 major categories of them,with sub-categories all together,numbering22. 5.Hyponymy is a matter of class membership.The upper term in this sense relation i.e.the class name,is called_______,and the lower terms,the members,Hyponyms. 6.Charles Darwin,the founder of Evolution Theory,was one of the first keeping the diary of his son’s_______. 7.And the Firthian tradition in this respect was further developed by the founder of systemic-functional linguistics,M.A.K.Halliday,whose contributions to sociolinguistics could be better seen from his understanding of language from a socially_______or interactional perspective,his functional interpretation of grammar as a resource for meaning potential, and his linguistic model in the study of literature. 8.For some reasons,much of the research on writing has concentrated on the preparation and revision processes rather than on the sentence generation and lexical access processes that have been the focus of_______language production.
【育明教育】中国考研考博专业课辅导第一品牌育明教育官方网站： https://www.doczj.com/doc/2818555683.html, 12009年中山大学信号与系统考研真题答案精解 2015考研英语写作七大误区
【育明教育】中国考研考博专业课辅导第一品牌育明教育官方网站：https://www.doczj.com/doc/2818555683.html, 2词汇与语法错误 考研英语写作让很多同学都很头痛，有两点原因：一为词汇，二为语法。因为英语与汉语的区别是一词多义，非常讲究用词准确而且正式。同时，英语的词汇非常丰富，一个词语通常都有许多同义词和近义词。考生如果平时注意积累并加以练习，就能够在考试中熟练地加以运用。英文写作也同样非常讲究语法，尤其是考研作文作为正式文体，需要注意以下几点小细节：(1)尽量少用缩写形式。如don't,can't,won't 应写为do not,cannot,will not 等。(2)用更加正式的否定形式。如not…any 应写为no,not…much 写为little,not many 写做few 等。(3)尽量少用"etc.","and so on"等表达方式。例如：Activities include dancing,singing,etc 。Activities include dancing,singing,and other fun stuff 。 ◎中文式思维模式 很多考生在考试过程中把一些中文的成语、谚语翻译成英文，这种做法导致的结果就是文章不仅行文不符合英文的规律，读起来也让人觉得非常不舒服。。纠正中文思维习惯的关键依然在于培养英文语感，同时考生在平时的练习中也要尽量让自己用英文来思考。如果考生需要用到谚语，名句等，最好的办法是直接掌握英文的谚语、名句，并灵活运用到文章中。 ◎注意字数与标点 考研英语作文一分钟平均7～8个字，字数多少算个够?自己目测一下，以大作文为例，中等大小一行15字，最起码写到12，13位置,因为阅卷人做的第一件事情就是看你的字数，就看你的位置到没有到。如果你的字数没写够，他就认为你连最起码的写够字数的能力都不具备。但是这不是说写得越多就会得到高分。一是时间不允许，二是写得越长，越容易暴露你的缺点。所以临考前要掐表练习字数。 ◎忽视优秀范文的背诵 通过范文的背诵，我们可以有针对性的了解高分范文的写作特点，积累写作常用的词语表达，和闪光句型，解决考生在进行写作训练时，心中有千言万语，笔下无一言的困境。但是，考生一定要谨记，高分范文的背诵在精不在多，20篇足够，但是一定要背的滚瓜烂熟，张口就能说，提笔就能写。很多考生抱怨过，我背了很多范文，可还是什么也写不出来，根本原因就是这些范文背诵不够熟练，根本没有深化成自己的东西。 ◎写作训练的量不足 很多时候，考生容易高估自己的写作水平，或者说，意识不到自己的经常会犯下的语法错误。这些问题只有通过实战才能发现并解决。但是在这个过程中，考生练习时写的作文，必须英语水平好的同学或是老师，有条件的同学可以请专业的认识进行批改，只有这样，训练的作用才能最大化。 ◎准备不足，匆忙下笔 任何一篇作文出题都是有它独特的道理的，所以提前审题和构思就显得必不可少了。很多考生目前存在一个情况，想到哪写到哪，使作文杂乱无章，毫无条理，同时容易出现写错单词和用错句型的情况。英语写作不是语文散文，写英语作文，之前一定要认真审题和思考，对出题者希望得到的预期尚未揣摩透彻，这也就造成了一些同学虽然语言功底非常不错，但是最终的结果还是没有拿到一个自己预期的心理分数，最大的问题就出在切题不准确或者不够突出中心上了。 ◎忽视文化差异，用中文思维串联英文词汇
考试设立 机构人事部 考试名称 （中文）全国翻译专业资格（水平）考试 考试名称 （英文）China Aptitude Test for Translators and Interpreters －CATTI 考试设立 时间2003年12月 考试主办 机构 国家人事部和中国外文局联合举办 出题部门中国外文局 评卷部门中国外文局 发证机构国家人事部 考核语种英、日、俄、德、法、西班牙、阿拉伯语 （现已开设英、日、法语） 考试费用 （北京地区04年11月）三级笔译考试费460元 三级口译考试费690元 二级笔译考试费550元 二级口译考试费780元 考点设置 2004年11月考点设置： 英语口译“交替传译"考试试点城市为北京、天津、上海、重庆、武汉、广州、沈阳、哈尔滨、济南、南京、杭州、成都、昆明、长沙、兰州； 英语笔译考试试点城市为北京、天津、上海、重庆、武汉、广州、沈阳、长春、哈尔滨、石家庄、西安、太原、呼和浩特、济南、南京、杭州、合肥、福州、郑州、成都、南宁、昆明、长沙、南昌、兰州。 法语口译和笔译考试试点在北京、上海进行； 日语口译和笔译考试试点在北京、上海、大连进行。 难易程度三级笔译部分：英译汉要求600个单词；交替传译要求300个单词全； 二级笔译部分：英译汉要求800个单词；口译要求1000个单词。 对应水平三级，非外语专业本科毕业、通过大学英语六级考试或外语大专毕业生水平，并具备一定的口笔译实践经验； 二级，非外语专业研究生毕业或外语专业本科毕业生水平，并具备3-5年的翻译时间经验； 一级，具备8-10年的翻译实践经验，是某语种互译方面的专家 证书作用 翻译专业资格(水平)考试纳入国家职业资格证书制度，统一规划。翻译专业资格（水平）证书将取代传统的翻译专业技术职务评审。 证书有效期每3年重新注册登记一次，一次注册有效期3年 证书
中山大学考研448汉语写作与百科知识真题 第一部分: 百科知识(请从ABCD四个选项中选出一个最佳答案50分) 1、《弟子规》原名《训蒙文》，为清朝康熙年间秀才李毓秀所作。其内容采用______第六条:“弟子入则孝，出则弟，谨而信，泛爱众，而亲仁，行有余力，则以学文。”的文义以三字一句，两句一韵编撰而成，分为五个部分加以演述;具体列举出为人子弟在家、出外、待人接物、求学应有的礼仪与规范，特别讲求家庭教育与生活教育（）。 A、《论语、为政篇》 B、《论语·雍也篇》 C、《论语，子罕篇》 D、《论语。学而篇》 2、“克己复礼为仁，一日克己复礼，天下归仁焉” “非礼勿视，非礼勿听，非礼勿言，非礼勿动” “己所不欲，勿施于人” “死生有命，富贵在天” “四海之内，皆兄弟也” “君子成人之美，不成人之恶” 以上引语皆出自《论语》哪一篇目?（）。 A、里仁篇 B、泰伯篇 C颜渊篇 D、子路篇 3、《三字经》中“融四岁，能让梨”，融是（）。 A、建安七子之一 B、竹林七贤之一 C、唐宋八大家之一 D、东汉四才子之一 4、《陈涉世家》为司马迁所著《史记》中的一篇，是秦末农民起义领袖陈胜、吴广的传记。公元前209年，以陈胜、吴广为首的戍卒九百人在大泽乡(今安徽宿州东南)举行了中国历史上第一次大规模的农民起义，揭开了反对秦王朝残暴统治的序幕。“世家”是给什么人做的传?（）。 A、帝王 B、王侯 C、重臣 D、将士 5、苏格兰位于大不列颠岛北部，英格兰之北，以格子花纹，风笛音乐，畜牧业与威士忌工业而闻名。2011年5月，主张维持统一的工党在苏格兰地方选举中败给苏格兰民族党，这使得一些苏格兰人又萌生了独立的念头。2014年9月18日，按照苏格兰政府发布的《苏格兰的未来:苏格兰独立指南》白皮书，苏格兰举行了全民公投。最终，约55%的选民投了反对独立的票。因此，英国仍将保持统一。以下哪位作家的作品主要以苏格兰为创作背景?（）。 A、 Charles Dickens B、 George Eliot C、 Walter Scott D、 Oscar Wilde 6、爱尔兰文学(英语:Irish literature)是指在爱尔兰产生或爱尔兰人创作的文学作品。爱尔兰是一个无论面积还是人口规模都很小的国家，却对世界文学做出了与其国家规模极不成比例的巨大贡，用英语写成的爱尔兰文学可以看作是英语文学的一个分支。以下哪一位作家不是爱尔兰作家?（）。 A、James Joyce B、 George Bernard Shaw
中山大学SSL VPN隧道服务指南 一、环境要求及注意问题 1）客户端计算机已经接入因特网，并且网络通信正常。 2）使用主流浏览器：IE、火狐、opera 、Safari 、谷歌，搜狗等。 3）电脑安装3721、上网助手等工具，可能会影响正常使用SSL VPN，可以视情况先卸载。4）目前登陆中山大学VPN系统后，能够访问校内所有TCP 应用。如：WEB（包括图书馆数据库资源）、SSH、Telnet、远程桌面等。 5）目前使用64位操作系统登录VPN后，只能使用WEB资源。（如ssh、telnet、远程桌面不能使用，后续会支持）。 二、典型使用方法举例 （注：以下所有截图皆在Windows 7系统下的IE 8.0为例，其它操作系统或浏览器，界面可能稍有不同） 1）设置好IE浏览器之后，直接在IE地址栏输入中山大学SSL VPN的登录页面地址https://https://www.doczj.com/doc/2818555683.html,来登录SSL VPN。访问SSL VPN时，会弹[安全警告]，点击[继续浏览此网页]。如下图：
2）进入登陆界面，输入用户名和密码（用户名为Netid），点击【登陆】，如下图
进入系统后，系统会自动安装控件，请耐心等待几十秒，安装完成后，系统自动跳转到如下界面： 3）此时，首次登陆SSL VPN 完成，即可使用SSL VPN隧道服务，同时在系统任务栏右下角生成SSL VPN 图标。 注意：如果要退出VPN ，请直接右键任务图标并点击【退出SSL VPN】。 4）为了便于下次登录，可以设置生成桌面快捷方式，具体步骤如下： 点击浏览器右上角的【设置】按钮，进入操作界面后，点击【自动登录】，在右边按要求依次填入SSL VPN 登陆地址、用户名和密码，并选择【生成桌面快捷方式】。具体操作流程如下图：
2013中山大学外国语学院日语、德语、法语系考研资料大全 考研 专业 050203 法语语言文学050204 德语语言文学050205 日语语言文学 初试 科目 （1）101思想政治理论 （2）241英语 （3）633基础法语 （4）834语言学概论（用中文考试， 日法德专业）（1）101思想政治理论 （2）241英语 （3）634基础德语 （4）834语言学概论（用中文考 试，日法德专业） （1）101思想政治理论 （2）241英语 （3）635基础日语 （4）834语言学概论（用中文考 试，日法德专业） 复试科目F1504法国文学与文化（用法文考 试） F1503德国文学与文化（用德文考 试） F1502日本文学与文化（用日文 考试） 初试指定教材《新编英语教程3》（1-3册） 李观仪上海外语教育出版社 《法语》（1-4册） 马晓宏外语教学与研究出版社 《语言学教程》 胡壮麟北京大学出版社 《语言学纲要》 叶蜚声北京大学出版社 《当代大学德语》（1-4册） 梁敏外语教学与研究出版社 《新编英语教程3》（1-3册） 李观仪上海外语教育出版社 《德汉翻译基础教程》 张建琪外语教学与研究出版社 《高级德语教程》下 陈晓春上海外语教育出版社 《高级德语教程》上 陈晓春上海外语教育出版社 《语言学教程》 胡壮麟北京大学出版社 《语言学纲要》 叶蜚声北京大学出版社 《日语综合教程》第五-八册 皮细庚上海外语教育出版社 《新编英语教程3》（1-3册） 李观仪上海外语教育出版社 《语言学教程》 胡壮麟北京大学出版社 《语言学纲要》 叶蜚声北京大学出版社 必备参考资料 《2013中山大学834语言学概论考研复习精编》 《2013中大834语言学概论考研模拟五套卷与答案解析》 中山大学法语语言文学专业历年考研真题试卷2005-2012(基础法语与语言学概论) 中山大学德语语言文学专业历年考研真题试卷2005-2012（基础德语与语言学概论）
中山大学研究生英语期末考试题2
Passage 1 One motivational analyst who became curious to know there had been such a great rise in impulse buying at supermarkets was James Vicary. He suspected that some special psychology must be going on inside the women as they shopped in supermarkets. His suspicion was that perhaps they underwent such an increase in tension when confronted with so many possibilities that they were forced into making quick purchases. He set out to find out if this was true. The best way to detect what was going on inside the shopper was through the use of a galvanometer or lie detector. That obviously was impractical. The next best thing was to use a hidden motion-picture camera and record the eye-blink rate of the women as they shopped. How fast a person blinks his eyes is a pretty good index of his state of inner tension. The average person, according to Mr. Vicary, normally blinks his eyes about 32 times a minute. If he is tense, he blinks them more frequently; and, under extreme tension, he may blink up to 50 or 60 times. If he is notably relaxed, on the other hand, his eye-blink rate may drop to a subnormal twenty or less. Mr. Vicary set up his cameras and started following the ladies as they entered the store. The results were startling, even to him. Their eye-blink rate, instead of going up to indicate mounting tension, went down and down, to a very subnormal fourteen blinks a minute. The ladies fell into what Mr. Vicary calls a hypnoidal trance, a light kind of trance that, he explains, is the first stage of hypnosis. Mr. Vicary has decided that the main cause of the trance is that the supermarket is packed with products which in former years would have been items only kings and queens could have afforded and here in this fairyland they were ava ilable to all. Mr. Vicary theorizes: “Just within this generation, anyone can be a king or queen and go through these stores where the products say ‘buy me, buy me’.” 1 Vicary’s curiosity was aroused by the fact that _________. A. there was a decrease in sales in supermarkets B. women were showing strong resistance to products in supermarkets C. there seemed to be no logic in women’s buying habits D. women were shopping very carefully 2 According to the article, eye-blink rate is an indication of ________. A. the truth or falsity of a statement B. the mental ability of a person C. blood pressure D. the emotional state of a person 3 Mr. Vicary’s test ________________. A. proved his original hypothesis to be true B. proved that the tension of a woman shopper, after entering the store, decreased rather than increased C. nullified the eye-blink rate as a measurement of tension D. showed that a woman’s reaction to the products in a supermarket is impossible to determine 4 After his tests, Mr. Vicary concluded that _____________. A. shopping was apt to create serious nervous disorders B. a supermarket is a fantastic place
中山大学软件学院2009级计算机应用软件(2011学年秋季学期) 《S E-315计算机体系结构》期末试题答案(A) I.Fill in the blank (1 pt per blank, 20 pts in total) 1. 存储容量I/O带宽；2．N N/2；3．SPEC2000 100；4．资源结构；5．向后向前；6．硬件软件； 7．平均修复时间平均无故障时间8．向量标量；、 9．超标量超流水线；10．集中式共享存储器多处理结构、分布式共享存储器结构 II. Single-choice questions (1 pt per question, 10 pts) 1．D； 2. A； 3. C； 4. B； 5. B； 6. D； 7. D； 8. D； 9. D； 10. C。 III. T or F questions (the right to play "√"; the wrong fight "×",1 pt per question, 10 pts in total) 1．√； 2．×； 3．√； 4．×； 5．×； 6．×； 7．√； 8．×； 9. √； 10．√。 IV. Calculation or to answer the following questions (12 points per question, 60 points in total) 1．⑴计算机体系结构的量化原则有：①大概率事件优先的原则；②Amdahl性能公式； ③CPU性能公式；(④局部性原理；⑤利用并行性。 ⑵加速比主要取决于两个因素：①在原有的计算机上，能被改进并增强的部分在总执行时间中所占的比例；②通过增强的执行方式所取得的改进，即如果整个程序使用了增强的执行方式，那么这个任务的执行速度会有多少提高。 ⑶一个计算机体系结构，从产生到消亡，大约需要15-20年时间，经历的阶段包括：硬件-系统软件-应用软件-消亡。 2．⑴指令 I1和 I2之间有 RW 相关，I2和 I3之间有 RW 相关，I1和 I3之间有 WW 相关，I1和 I2之间还有 WR 相关。 ⑵对 I1和 I2之间的 WR 相关，可用定向传送解决。根据寄存器重命名技术，对引起 RW 相关的 I2中的 R2，对引起 WW 相关的 I3 中的 R1，可分别换成备用寄存器 R2’、 R1’。经寄存器重命名后，程序代码段实际执行时变为： I1 ADD R1 ，R2，R4 I2 ADD R2’，R1，1 I3 SUB R1’，R4，R5 3．⑴根据平均访存时间公式：平均访存时间＝命中时间＋失效率×失效开销可知，可以从以下三个方面改进Cache性能： ⑵降低失效率；②减少失效开销；③减少Cache命中时间 ⑵在多处理机系统中的私有Cache 会引起Cache 中的内容相互之间以及共享存储器
高译教育-中山大学考研翻译硕士英语真题2011 Part 1: Vocabulary and grammar. （30 POINTS） 01.Scarcely ____ when she started complaining to me of the terrible living conditions on the campus. A. I arrived B. I had arrived C. did I arrived D. had I arrived 02.At that time, this kind of cloth was hard to ____ because the textile technology was not that advanced. A. come up with B. come through C. come over D. come by 03.____ the action stopped did we have time to think what might have happened. A. Only if B. If only C. Only when D. When only 04.____ the fact that he is an adult now, we should give hire more freedom. A. In consideration of C. In light of B. In comparison with D. In contrast to 05.____ of the tires on the motorcycle looks any better than the other. A. Not any B. No one C. None D. Neither 06.The air crash led to the ____ of the diplomatic relations between the two countries. A. suspicion B. suspense C. suppression D. suspension 07.____ he has created striping stage settings for the Martha Graham dance company, artist Isamu Noguchi is more famous for his sculpture. A. But for B. Nevertheless C. In spite of D. Although 08.There is no other man in history than Jefferson who ____ the ideas of democracy with such fullness, persuasiveness and logic. A. foresaw B. foreshadowed C. formulated D. fortified 09.Bit by bit, a child snakes the necessary changes to make his language ____ . A. as other people C. like other people B. as other people?s D. like other people?s 10.In the long run, English learning, difficult as it is, is ____ to a learner in his or her career development. A. profitable B. advantageous C. prominent D. rewarding 11. It is vitally important that you ____ the international conference on cross-culturalcommunication. A. shall attend B. must attend C. attend D. might attend 12. The one pleasure that Einstein ____ his great fame was the
《计算机网络》第1次作业 学习中心：学号：姓名： 注意：作业完成后在规定时间内提交给老师，提交时在“文件名称”和“注释”处也要写清楚“学习中心，学号，姓名，入学时间”，以便登记你的作业成绩。 一、单项选择题（本大题共20小题，每小题1分，共20分） 1. OSI 参考模型的结构划分为七个层次，其中下面四层为（ A ）。 A）物理层、数据链路层、网络层和传输层 B）物理层、数据链路层、网络层和会话层 C）物理层、数据链路层、表示层和传输层 D）物理层、数据链路层、网络层和应用层 2. TCP/IP 参考模型可以分为（ B ）。 A）应用层、传输层和互连层 B）应用层、传输层、互连层和主机—网络层 C）应用层、表示层、传输层、互连层和主机—网络层
D）应用层、表示层、会话层、传输层、互连层和主机—网络层 3. 计算机相互通信的语言是（B） A）算法B）协议 C）程序D）对话 4．移相键控通过改变载波信号的（ D）来表示数字信号1、0。 A）振幅B）波长 C）角频率D）相位 5. 数据报、虚电路、报文交换的共同特点之一是（A）。 A)各结点都要存储转发B)都可以用在交互式通信 C) 都可以把信息送到多个目的地D）都不需要事先建立连接 6.在OSI的7层结构中，实现帧同步功能的的层是（A） A）数据链路层B）传输层 C）表示层D）应用层 7. OSI 参考模型的网络层传送的数据单位是（C）。 A）比特流 B）数据帧C）数据分组 D）数据报文 8．（B）信号的电平是连续变化的。 A）数字B）模拟 C）脉冲D）二进制 9. 香农公式告诉我们：信道极限数据率=Wlog2（1+S/N），其中 W 为信道带宽，S/N 为信号功率/噪音功率。但在实际使用中，（ B ）。 A）可达到的信道极限值要高得多 B）可达到的信道极限值要低得多 C）可达到该信道极限数据率 D）可接近该信道极限数据率 10．假定通信信道的带宽为 3kHz，信噪比为 30dB，那么该信道能达到最大数据传输率约为（ D）。 A）3000bps B）12000bps C）24000bps D）30000bps 11. SDH 信号最基本的模块信号是（ B ）。
2004年中山大学外国语学院453语言学概论考研真题及答案 I.Transcribe the following words into IPA symbols,with stress marking where necessary.(10%) Example:life---/laif/resoect/ri’spekt/ 1.elite 2.chimney 3.sacrifice 4.hierarchy 5.agenda 6.chaotic 7.wrestle 8.pamphlet 9.Greenwich10.amour II.Fill in the following blanks.(15%) 1._______is an umbrella term which covers a variety of different interests in language and society,including the social functions of language and the social characteristics of its users. 2.Allophones are said to be in_______because they never occur in the same context. 3._______refers to the change of a sound as a result of the influence of an adjacent sound. 4.The category of_______is prominent in the grammar of Latin,with six distinctions of nominative,vocative,accusative,genitive,dative and ablative. 5.In I957.Robert Lado published his Linguistics Across Cultures in which he presented a large quantity of data and stated the importance of_______analysis. 6.For Bloomfield,linguistics is a branch of Psychology,and specifically of the positivistic brand of psychology known as_______. 7._______Theory was formally proposed by Dan Sperber and Deirdre Wilson in their book https://www.doczj.com/doc/2818555683.html,munication and Cognition in1986 8.Inspired by the medieval grammarians,Ogden and Richard(1923)present the classic semantic triangle”in their book_______. 9.The generative approach to linguistics refers to the theory originated with the American linguist_______,who published his book Syntactic Structures in1957. 10.In the1960’s M.A.K Halliday made the distinction between‘_______’and‘actual linguistic behaviour’. 11.The theory of meaning which relates the meaning of a word to the thing it refers to,or stands for,is known as the_______theory. 12.The Prague School can be traced back to its first meeting under the leadership of_______. 13.The purpose of_______test is in discover what the testee already knows about the target language.It is not confined with any particular course but the learner’s general level of language mastery. 14.The idea that the meaning of a sentence depends on the meanings of the constituent words and the way they are combined is usually known as the principle of_______. 15.The man who turned linguistics proper into a recognized distinct academic subject in Britain was_______,the first Professor of General Linguistics in Great Britain. III.Define the following terns.(50%) 1.prescriptive grammar 2.back formation 3.psycholiguistics 4.linguistic relativity 5.phatic communion 6.traditional grammar 7.grammatical word8.theme 9.cooperative principle10.hyponymy