高中英语语法讲义-----定语从句
概念
1,定语：修饰限定人或物的成分。a cute girl , the pen on the desk .
The boy sitting here is my student. The book bought yesterday is popular.
2,定语从句：修饰限定人或物的句子.
The boy who is sitting here is my student. The book which was bought yesterday is popular 3,先行词：被定语从句修饰的人或物—the boy / the book. *注意词组---the old man under the tree(指人)
4，关系词：代替先行词引导定语从句的词（关系代词和关系副词）---who / which.
I, who am 48, teach you English.
5,限定性定语从句：从句紧跟在先行词后译为一句话。
6,非限定性定语从句：主句从句逗号分开，译为两句话。既可对某个先行词也可对整个主句进行补充说明
（不用that）。
You have been admitted to a top university , which has made your parents excited.
限定性定语从句：
在从句中所做成分关系词
先行词指人：1，主语who/ that
2, 宾语whom/ who/ that/---
3, 定语（某人的）+ n whose
I have a friend. 1, He works in Wuhan.-----I have a friend who / that works in Wuhan.
2, I love him -----I have a friend ( whom/ who/ that ) I love.
3,His name is Ray.----I have a friend whose name is Ray.
*当做介词宾语且和介词一起引导从句时：介词+ whom（人）/which （物）+从句。不能省略！
The girl is Lily. You talked with her.---The girl (whom/who/that) you talked with is Lily.
---The girl with whom you talked is Lily.
在从句中所做成分关系词
先行词指物1，主语which/ that
2, 宾语which / that / ---
3, 定语（某物的）+ n whose * whose + n = the+ n of which / of which the +n .
4，状语时间when =介词+ which
地点where= 介词+ which * 从句完整
the reason why = for which
I have a flat . 1, It lies on the 5th floor.---I have a flat which / that lies on the 5th floor.
2, I bought it in 2006.----I have a flat (which / that) I bought in 2006.
3, Its door faces to the south.---I have a flat whose door(the door of which/ of which the door ) faces to the south.
4,We’ve lived in it for about 11 years---I have a flat (which / that)we’ve lived in for about 11 years.
/ in which we’ve lived for about 11years.
/ where we’ve lived for about 11 years.(we’ve lived为SVi完整)
I’ll remember the day __when__ we had a good time together.(从句完整)
_(_which / that)_ we spent together (从句缺宾语) *spend/take/last/devote等可加时间做宾语
●The reason __why_ he was late （从句完整）is that he was ill .
_(which/that)_ he told me (从句缺宾语)
非限定性定语从句：1 , 主句SV，关系词+ 从句。
2, S , 关系词+ 从句，V .
3, 关系词+ 从句，主句SV.
高频考点：
1，只用that：先行词为不定代词/ 最高级或序数词修饰/既有人又有物。
2，as 的用法：在限定性定语从句中such/ so / the same +先行词as +定语从句（不完整）
●Such/ so ….that + 状语从句（完整）He is such a clever boy _as_ we all like (缺宾语)
_that_ we all like him（完整）在非限定性定语从句中，指物一般用which，若从句在后或在中时是被动结构缺主语或有正如…之意用as,从句在主句前必须用as.
As is known to us , the earth travels round the sun.
3, 数词/ 不定代词+ of which/whom , 介词+ whose+ n
Mr. Li has collected more than 300 stamps, 32 of which are very precious.
I have many students, some of whom come from Tai zhou.
There was once a hill , on whose top stood a temple.
4, 地点的模糊化，case，situation, activity, atmosphere, phone 等都可以做表地点的先行词，从句完整时都可以用where 引导。I’ll create a teaching atmosphere _where_ you can feel relaxed.
5, one of +复数名词+关系代词+复数形式动词，the only one of +复数名词+关系代词+单数形式动词。
6，the way +从句/that+从句/ which + 不完整从句/ in which +完整从句
7，time （次数）that +完整从句，time（时间）when/ during which +完整从句。
解题方法：1，看限定还是非限定；2，看先行词指人还是指物；3，看从句是否完整/所缺成分.
练习1：
1.Creating an atmosphere _____ employees feel part of a team is a big challenge.
2.The number of smokers, _____ is reported, has dropped by 17 percent in just one year.
3.The boss of the company is trying to create an easy atmosphere _____ his employees enjoy their
work.
4.Some experts think reading is the fundamental skill upon ______ school education depends.
5.China Today attracts a worldwide readership, _____ shows that more and more people all over the
world want to learn about China.
6.It is a truly delightful place, _____ looks the same as it must have done 100 years ago with its
winding streets and pretty cottages.
7.As the smallest child of his family, Alex is always longing for the time _____ he should be able to
be independent.
8.The books on the desk, _____ covers are shiny, are prizes for us.
9.Opposite is St. Paul’s Ch urch, _____ you can hear some lovely music.
10.I didn’t become a serious climber until the fifth grade, _____ I went up to rescue a kite that was
stuck in the branches of a tree.
11.A company _____ profits from home markets are declining may seek opportunities abroad.
12.We’ll reach the sales targets in a month _____ we set at the beginning of the year.
13.The book has helped me greatly in my daily communication, especially at work _____ a good
impression is a must.
14.English is a language shared by several diverse cultures, each of _____ uses it differently.
15.Students should involve themselves in community activities _____ they can gain experience for
growth.
16.The exact year _____ Angela and her family spent together in China was 2008.
17.I am looking forward to the day _____ my daughter can read this book and know my feelings for
her.
18.Please send us all the information _____ you have about the candidate for the position.
19.Until now, we have raised 50,000 pounds for the poor children, _____ is quite unexpected.
20.Among the many dangers _____ sailors have to face, probably the greatest of all is fog.
21.The museum will open in the spring with an exhibition and a viewing platform _____ visitors can
watch the big glasshouses being built.
22.Many countries are now setting up national parks _____ animals and plants can be protected.
23.We have launched another man-made satellite, _____ is announced in today’s newspapers.
24.John invited about 40 people to his wedding, most of _____ are family members.
25.Finally he reached a lonely island _____ was completely cut off from the outside world.
26.When I arrived, Bryan took me to see the house ______ I would be staying.
27.The book tells stories of the earthquake through the eyes of those _____ lives were affected.
28.The president of the World Bank says he has a passion for China, _____ he remembers starting as
early as his childhood.
29.Mo Yan was awarded the Nobel Prize for Literature in 2012, _____ made one of the Chinese
people’s long-held dreams come true.
30.Happiness and success often come to those _____ are good at recognizing their own strengths.
练习2：
1.Those motorcycles, _____ a huge umbrella is fixed, are a huge threat to people walking in the
street.
2.-----You see, he seems to have done too badly in practicing playing basketball.
-----Yeah, but he _____ makes no mistakes makes nothing, so I think it doesn’t matter.
3.In ancient Egypt, green represented hope and spring, _____ is the time of year _____ things in
nature start to grow after a long winter.
4.This is the most serious and worst situation _____ I have ever experienced as a fan of the NBA.
5.The other day, my friend John drove his car down the street at what I thought was a dangerous
speed, _____ surprised everyone in the car.
6.Do you still remember the boss in _____ restaurant you worked during the summer holiday?
7.-----Where did you lose your bicycle?
-----It was in the playground _____ I played basketball.
8.What is known to us all is that the old worker, _____ life was hard in the past, still works hard in
his seventies.
9.In most cases, college graduates don’t mind what job they will do so long as it is one _____ they
can earn money to support themselves.
10.As a student of Senior Three, he has very little free time _____ he can spend developing his own
interest.
11.At the request of some English learners, he has published a lot of books, one of _____ is about
English idioms.
12.I’m sorry not to have replied to your letter earlier, for _____, I must say, I apologize.
13.Almost every teenager will experience a period in their life _____ they aren’t content with their
parents.
14.There are many new central leaders in China now, of _____ many once worked in the western
provinces.
15.He was educated at the local high school, after _____ he went on to Peking University.
16.Drive-ins have large parking lots _____ customers are served in their cars by waitresses.
17.With the fast development of agriculture, the people, in _____ village she taught 10 years ago,
have lived a happy life.
18.The result was not the same as they had expected, _____ was rather disappointing.
19.Mr. Luke, in _____ supermarket we bought an iPad last week, will give us a report on how to
choose a career this evening.
20.Tango is a passionate dance, _____ brings the dancers together in a way that words can’t express.
练习3
There was a time __1__ I was tired of learning English and disliked to speak English. And this was the reason __2__ my father forced me to join in a 30-day training in an English club before I went to senior high school. When I first came to the club, __3__ I met many strangers, I missed my parents very much. So I packed up my things and wanted to go home. Fortunately, my guide, __4__ teacher was Yu Minhong, communicated with me face-to-face, from __5__ I gained some useful instructions. He also showed me a good partner, and we got along well with each other. Gradually I adapted to the life there. Every day I would like to talk to other teenagers and set down a series of activities __6__ we did. I should be grateful to my father and the guide, __7__ encouraged me to fall in love with English. Now I feel it interesting to learn English, into __8__ I put my entire energy. Every day I read my words and passages aloud. In class I join in English discussion. Before I go to sleep, I recall the passages, through __9__ I can memorize a large number of new words. __10__ our English teacher says, “As long as you form the habit of learning English every day and have perseverance, you will conquer English sooner or later.”
1.__________
2.__________
3.__________
4.__________
5.__________
6.__________
7.__________
8.__________
9.__________ 10.__________
定语从句参考答案：
练习1：
1.where 句意：营造一种让员工感觉到自己就是团队一员的氛围是极大的挑战。本题考查定语
从句。先行词为atmosphere，关系词在定语从句中充当地点状语，故用where。
2.as 句意：正如报道的那样，吸烟的人数仅在一年内就已经减少了百分之十七。本题考查非
限制性定语从句。先行词为整个主句的内容，关系词在定语从句中作主语，故填as。as is reported正如报道的那样。
3.where 句意：该公司的老板在努力营造一种轻松的氛围，在这种氛围中，他的员工们可以享
受工作的乐趣。先行词为atmosphere，关系词在定语从句中作地点状语，故答案为where。
4.which 句意：一些专家认为阅读是学校教育所依赖的基本技能。先行词为skill，关系词在定
语从句中作介词upon的宾语；本句中介词upon已被提前，故答案为which。
5.which 句意：《今日中国》吸引了世界各地的读者，这表明世界上越来越多的人想了解中国。
本题考查非限制性定语从句。先行词为设空处前的一句话，关系词在定语从句中作主语，故答案为which。
6.which 句意：这真是一个宜人的地方，它看上去和100年前的样子一样，有蜿蜒的街道和漂
亮的村社。本题考查非限制性定语从句。先行词为place，关系词在定语从句中作主语且指事物，故用which。
7.when 句意：作为家里最小的孩子，Alex总是期盼着他能够独立的时候。先行词为time，关
系词在定语从句中作时间状语，故答案为when。
8.whose 句意：桌上那些封面闪闪发亮的书是我们的奖品。本题考查定语从句。先行词为the
books，与从句中的covers为所属关系，故答案为whose。
9.where 句意：你们在对面的圣保罗教堂能听到一些动听的音乐。先行词为St. Paul’s Church，
关系词在从句中作地点状语，故用where。
10.when 句意：我直到五年级才真正成为一个攀登者，那时，我爬到树上去拿一个被挂在树枝
上的风筝。在本句中，先行词为the fifth grade,设空处在定语从句中作时间状语，故填when。
11.whose 句意：从国内市场得到的利润正在下降的公司可以去国外寻找机会。先行词为
company，关系词在定语从句中作定语，故填whose。
12.which/that 句意：一个月以后我们将会达到年初所定的销售目标。先行词是the sales targets，
关系代词在定语从句中作set的宾语，所以填关系代词which/that。
13.where 句意：这本书对我的日常交流很有帮助，尤其是在工作单位。在那里必须给人留下良
好的印象。at work（在工作单位）表地点，故用where引导定语从句并在从句中作地点状语。
14.which 句意：英语市一种被好几种不同的文化都使用的语言，而且每一种文化使用它的方式
也不同。先行词是cultures，且关系词在定语从句中作介词of的宾语，所以填which。
15.where 句意：学生应该参加社区活动，他们从中能获得成长经验。先行词为community
activities，关系词在从句中作地点状语，故填where。
16.which/that 句意：安杰拉和她的家人一起在中国度过的确切年份是2008年。先行词是the exact
year，关系词在定语从句中作spent的宾语。故填which/that。
17.when 句意：我正期待着那天的到来，那时我的女儿可以读这本书并且了解我对她的感情。
先行词是the day，关系词在定语从句中作spent的宾语，故填which/that。
18.that 句意：请把你拥有的关于竞聘这个职位的那个候选人的所有信息发给我们。先行词the
information被all修饰，所以只能填关系代词that。
19.which 句意：到目前为止，我们已经为那些贫穷的孩子们筹款50,000英镑，这非常出乎我们
的意料。本题考查非限制性定语从句，先行词是前面整个句子，关系词在定语从句中作主语，所以填which。
20.which/that 句意：在海员们不得不面对的许多危险中，最大的危险很可能是雾。先行词是
dangers，关系词在定语从句中作face的宾语，且指物，故填which/that。
21.where 句意：博物馆将在春天开放，届时将有一个展览和一个观景平台。参观者可以在那个
观景平台上观看正在建设的大温室（玻璃暖房）。先行词为a viewing platform，关系词在定语从句中作地点状语，故用where。
22.where 句意：很多国家现在都在建立国家公园，在那里动植物能够受到保护。先行词为
national parks，故使用表示地点的关系副词where引导定语从句。
23.which 句意：我们又发射了一颗人造卫星，这件事是在今天的报纸上宣布的。设空处引导非
限制性定语从句，关系词在定语从句中作主语，故用which。
24.whom 句意：约翰邀请了大约40人参加他的婚礼，他们当中绝大部分都是自家人。定语从
句中，介词在关系词前，先行词为人时，关系代词只能用whom。
25.which/that 句意：他最后到了一座完全与外面世界隔绝的孤岛上。先行词是island，关系词
在定语从句中作主语且指物，故用which/that。
26.where 句意：在我到达后，Bryan带我去看了我将要住的房子。先行词the house表示地点，
故用关系副词where引导。
27.whose 句意：这本书从生活遭受地震影响的人们的视角讲述地震的故事。先行词为those，
在从句中和lives是所属关系，故填whose。
28.which 句意：世界银行主席说他对中国有一种情结，他记得这种情结始于他的儿童时代。先
行词是a passion for China，关系词在定语从句中作宾语，在非限制性定语从句中用which。
29.which 句意：莫言被授予2012年诺贝尔文学奖，这使得中国人长久以来拥有的梦想之一变
成了现实。which引导非限制性定语从句。
30.who 句意：幸福和成功经常青睐那些善于发现自身长处的人。先行词为those，关系词在定
语从句中作主语，且指人，故用who。
练习2：
1.where 句意：那些车身上都安装着大伞的摩托车对于街上的行人是一个很大的威胁。先行词
为those motorcycles，关系词在从句中作地点状语，故用where。
2.who/that 句意：——你看，他似乎在练习打篮球方面表现极差。——是的，但是不犯错误的
人将一事无成，因此我想那不重要。先行词为he，关系词在从句中作主语且指人，故填who/that。
3.which; when 句意：在古埃及，绿色代表着希望和春天。春天是经过漫长的冬季后大自然中
万物开始复苏的季节。第一空先行词为spring，非限制性定语从句，关系词指事物且作主语，故用which。第二空先行词为the time of year，关系词作时间状语，故用when。
4.that 句意：这是我作为NBA球迷经历过的最严重最糟糕的情况。先行词为situation，关系
词作宾语，且先行词被形容词最高级修饰，故用that。
5.which 句意：前几天，我的朋友约翰驾着他的车以我认为是危险的速度在大街上行驶，这使
得车里的每个人都感到很吃惊。非限制性定语从句，关系词指事物，故用which。
6.whose 句意：你还记得你暑假工作的那家饭店的老板吗？先行词为the boss，与后面的
restaurant是从属关系，故答案为whose。
7.where 句意：——你在哪儿丢的自行车？——是在我打篮球的操场上。先行词为the
playground，关系词作地点状语，故用where。
8.whose 句意：我们都知道那位老工人七十多岁了还在辛苦工作，过去他的生活就很艰难。先
行词为the old worker，与life之间为从属关系，故答案为whose。
9.where 句意：在大多数情况下，大学毕业生不在乎他们将做什么工作，只要是一份能挣钱养
活自己的工作就行。先行词为one，即a job，关系词作地点状语，故用where。
10.that/which 句意：作为一名高三的学生，他几乎没有空闲时间去培养自己的爱好。先行词为
time，作spend的宾语，故答案为that/which。
11.which 句意：应一些英语学习者的要求，他出版了许多书，其中有一本是关于英语习语的。
先行词为books，作of的宾语，故用which。
12.which 句意：很抱歉没能早点给你回信，对此我必须道歉。先行词为“not to have replied to your
lette r earlier”，作for的宾语，故用which。
13.when 句意：几乎每个青少年都会经历一段对父母不满的时期。先行词为a period，关系词作
时间状语，故用when。
14.whom 句意：在当今中国很多新的中央领导中有很多曾在西部省份工作过。先行词为new
central leaders，关系词作of的宾语，且指人，故用whom。
15.which 句意：他在当地的一所高中上的学，后来考上了北京大学。先行词为前面的主句，与
after构成时间状语，故用which。
16.where 句意：“免下车”餐厅有很大的停车场，顾客可以在自己的汽车里接受服务员的服务。
关系词作地点状语，故用where。
17.whose 句意：随着农业的快速发展，在她10年前教书的村子里，人们一直过着幸福的生活。
关系词作定语，故用whose。
18.which 句意：结果和他们预料的不一样，相当令人失望。考查非限制性定语从句，which作
主语。
19.whose 句意：上周我们在Luke先生的超市里购买了iPad，他今天晚上要给我们作关于择业
的讲座。关系词作定语，故用whose。
20.which 句意：探戈是一种热情奔放的舞蹈，它以一种难以用语言表达的方式把跳舞者聚在一
起。先行词为dance，非限制性定语从句，且关系词作主语，用which。
练习3：
1.when 句意：有一段时间，我讨厌学英语并且不喜欢说英语。There was a time when…有一段
时间……。
2.why 引导定语从句。
3.where 先行词是the club，关系词作地点状语。
4.whose 先行词是my guide，与teacher之间是所属关系。
5.which 先行词作from的宾语，且from提前。
6.that/which 先行词是activities，在定语从句中作宾语，故用that/which。
7.who 先行词是my father and the guide，关系词作主语且指人。
8.which 先行词是English，关系词作from的宾语。
9.which 先行词为I recall the passages，关系词作介词through的宾语。
10.As 正如我们英语老师所说的……
高中英语语法讲义——名词 名词的数 单数名词变复数名词的常用法则 （1）一般情况直接加-s, 如：books, trees. （2）以-s, -x, -ch, -sh结尾的加-es, 如：glasses, boxes, watches, brushes. （3）以辅音字母加-y结尾的名词把-y改为-i再加-es. 如：stories, countries. （4）以-o结尾的常在词尾加-s，但中学英语中下列名词要加-es, 它们是：黑人英雄 ．．中吃土豆 ．．、西． ．．．．在回声 红柿 ．．，即Negroes, heroes, echoes, potatoes, tomatoes. 下列以-o结尾的名词既可加-es, 也可加-s,它们是：zeros (zeroes)零, mosquitos (mosquitoes)蚊子, volcanos (volcanoes) 火山。 （5）以-f或-fe结尾的名词变为复数时一般直接加-s，但下列名词需把f或fe去掉，加-ves，它们是：为 了自己 ．．和一片树叶 ．．上，把狼．劈成了两半．，即：selves, lives, ．．．．站在架子 ．．手里拿着刀子 ．．和他的妻子 ．．活命．，小偷 thieves, wives, knives, loaves, leaves, shelves, wolves, halves. 但下列以-f结尾的名词既可变f为v后加-es，也可直接在f后加-s，它们是：handkerchiefs (handkerchieves)手帕，scarfs (scarves)围巾。 （6）合成名词变复数时，通常只将里面所含的主体名词变为复数，如果没有主体名词，则将最后一部分变为复数。如sons-in-law女婿；passers-by过路人；storytellers讲故事的人；housewives家庭主妇。（7）“man/ woman+ n.”变复数时，作定语的man/ woman和中心词都要变复数。 men teachers男老师women engineers女工程师 （8）不规则复数形式 ①变内部元音 foot-feet man-men woman-women tooth-teeth mouse-mice goose-geese gentleman-gentlemen ②单复数同形的名词 sheep deer spacecraft太空船 aircraft飞行器Chinese Japanese
高中英语定语从句讲解及练习 定语从句是高中重点知识，也是高考常考点，大家也不容易掌握，这篇文章主要教你关系代词引导的定语从句 关系副词引导的定语从句判断关系代词与关系副词限制性和非限制性定语从句等内容，有例题讲解定语从句在句中做定语，修饰一个名词或代词，被修饰的名词词组或代词即先行词。定语从句通常出现在先行词之后，由关系词（关系代词或关系副词）引出。 关系代词有：who, whom, whose, that, which等。 关系副词有：when, where, why等。 18.1 关系代词引导的定语从句 关系代词所代替的先行词是人或物的名词或代词，并在句中充当主语、宾语、定语等成分。关系代词在定语从句中作主语时，从句谓语动词的人称和数要和先行词保持一致。 1）who, whom, that 这些词代替的先行词是人的名词或代词，在从句中作主语和宾语。例如： Is he the man who/that wants to see you? 他就是你想见的人吗？（who/that在从句中作主语） He is the man whom/ that I saw yesterday. 他就是我昨天见的那个人。（whom/that在从句中作宾语） 2）whose 用来指人或物，（只用作定语, 若指物，它还可以同of which互换）。例如： They rushed over to help the man whose car had broken down.那人车坏了，大家都跑过去帮忙。 Please pass me the book whose （of which）cover is green.请递给我那本绿皮的书。 3）which, that所代替的先行词是事物的名词或代词，在从句中可作主语、宾语等。例如： A prosperity which / that had never been seen before appears in the countryside. 农村出现了前所未有的繁荣。（which / that在句中作宾语） The package （which / that）you are carrying is about to come unwrapped. 你拿的包快散了。（which / that在句中作宾语） 18.2 关系副词引导的定语从句 关系副词可代替的先行词是时间、地点或理由的名词，在从句中作状语。 1）关系副词when, where, why的含义相当于\"介词+ which\"结构，因此常常和\"介词+ which\"结构交替使用。例如： There are occasions when （on which）one must yield.任何人都有不得不屈服的时候。 Beijing is the place where（in which）I was born.北京是我的出生地。 Is this the reason why （for which）he refused our offer?这就是他拒绝我们帮助他的理由吗？ 2）that代替关系副词，可以用于表示时间、地点、方式、理由的名词后取代when, where, why和\"介+which\"引导的定语从句，在口语中that常被省略。例如： His father died the year （that / when / in which）he was born.他父亲在他出生那年逝世了。 He is unlikely to find the place （that / where / in which）he lived forty years ago. 他不大可能找到他四十年前居住过的地方。 18.3 判断关系代词与关系副词 方法一：用关系代词，还是关系副词完全取决于从句中的谓语动词。及物动词后面无宾语，就必须要求用关系代词；而不及物动词则要求用关系副词。例如： This is the mountain village where I stayed last year. 这是我去年呆过的山村。 I'll never forget the days when I worked together with you.我永远不会忘记与你共事的日子。 判断改错： （错）This is the mountain village where I visited last year. （错）I will never forget the days when I spent in the countryside. （对）This is the mountain village （which）I visited last year. （对）I'll never forget the days （which）I spent in the countryside. 习惯上总把表地点或时间的名词与关系副词where, when联系在一起。此两题错在关系词的误用上。 方法二：准确判断先行词在定语从句中的成分（主、谓、宾、定、状），也能正确选择出关系代词/关
（1）表语从句 1．定义：用作表语的从句叫做表语从句。 2．构成：关联词+简单句 3．引导表语从句的关联词的种类： (1) 从属连词that。如： The trouble is that I have lost his address. 麻烦是我把他的地址丢了。 (2) 从属连词whether, as, as if。如： He looked just as he had looked ten years before. 他看起来还与十年前一样。 The question is whether they will be able to help us. 问题是他们是否能帮我们。 注：从属连词if一般不用来引导表语从句，但as if却可引导表语从句，如： All this was over twenty years ago, but it's as if it was only yesterday. gh能跟表语从句的谓语动词一般为系动词be, seem, look等。如： It looked as if it was going to rain. 看起来天要下雨了。 连接副词 where, when, how, why。 如：The problem is who we can get to replace her. 问题是我们能找到谁去替换她呢。 The question is how he did it. 问题是他是如何做此事的。 That was what she did this morning on reaching the attic. 那就是她今晨上了阁楼干的。 解释： 1．连词because可引导表语从句。如： I think it is because you are doing too much. 我想这是因为你做得太多。 2．在一些表示“建议、劝说、命令”的名词后面的表语从句中，谓语动词用虚拟语气。should+动词原形表示，should可省略。如： My suggestion is that we (should) start early tomorrow. 我的建议是我们明天一早就出发。（2）主语从句 1．定义：用作主语的从句叫做主语从句。 2．构成：关联词+简单句 3．引导主语从句的关联词有三类： (1) 从属连词that。如：That they were in truth sisters was clear from the facial resemblance between them. 很明显，她们确是亲姐妹，她们的脸型很相似。 (2) 从属连词whether。如： Whether he’ll come here isn’t clear. 他是否会来这里还不清楚。 (3) 连接代词who, whom, whose, what, which, whoever, whatever, whichever 连接副词 where, when, how, why。如： What she did is not yet known. 她干了什么尚不清楚。 How this happened is not clear to anyone. 这事怎样发生的，谁也不清楚。 Whoever comes is welcome. 不论谁来都欢迎。 Wherever you are is my home ---- my only home. 你所在的任何地方就是我的家----我唯一的家。 解释： 1．主语从句能用it作形式上的主语。常以it作形式主语的句型有： A. It+be+形容词(obvious, true, natural, surprising, good, wonderful, funny, possible, likely, certain, probable, etc.)+that从句。如： It is certain that she will do well in her exam. 毫无疑问她考试成绩会很好。 It is probable that he told her everything. 很可能他把一切都告诉她了。 B. It+be+名词词组(no wonder, an honour, a good thing, a pity, no surprise, etc.)+that
专题一名词、介词和数词 1．The_________is just around the corner and you won’t miss it． A．bicycle’s shop B．bicycle shop C．bicycles shop D．bicycles’shop 2．Rose was wild with joy________the result of the examination． A．to B．at C．by D．as 3．________people in the world are sending information by E-mail every-day． A．Several million B．Many millions C．Several millions D．Many million 4．This is not a match．We’re playing chess just for________． A．habit B．hobby C．fun D．game 5．No matter what you do，you should put your________into it． A．mind B．heart C．brain D．thought 6．There are usually at least two________of looking at every question． A．means B．directions C．views D．ways 7．My chest________when I make a deep breath，doctor． A．harms B．wounds C．hurts D．injures 8．The home improvements have taken what little there is________my spare time． A．from B．in C．of D．at 9．Luckily，the bullet narrowly missed the captain________an inch． A．by B．at C．to D．from 10．To regain their________after an exhausting game，the players lay in the grass． A．force B．energy C．power D．health 11．According to the recent research，heavy coffee drinking and heart attack is not necessarily________and effect． A．reason B．impact C．fact D．cause 12．Every new________has the possibility of making or losing money． A．event B．venture C．adventure D．expedition 13．The conference has been held to discuss the effects of tourism________the wildlife in the area． A．in B．off C．at D．with 14．The young dancers looked so charming in their beautiful clothes that we took________pictures of them． A．many of B．masses of C．the number of D．a large amount of 15．“I don’t think it's my________that the TV blew up．I just turned it on，that’s a11．”said the boy． A．error B．mistake C．fault D．duty 16．One of the consequences of our planet’s being warming up is a(n) ________in the number of natural disasters． A．result B．account C．reason D．increase 17. Life is tough in the city．In order to lose their________，some people drink alcohol． A．temper B．mood C．consciousness D．pressures 18．I don’t mind picking up your things from the store．________，the walk will do! me good． A．Sooner or later B．Still C．In time D．Besides 19．The accident is reported to have occurred _______the first Sunday in February． A．at B．on C．in D．to 20．________two exams to worry about，I have to work really hard this weekend． A．With B．Besides C．As for D．Because of 21．He got to the station early，________missing his train．． A．in case of B．instead of C．for fear of D．in search of 22． I feel that one of my main duties________a teacher is to help the students to be．
高考英语语法复习讲义——动词 动词 1) 表示动作中状态的词叫做动词。 2) 根据其在句中的功能，动词可分为四类，分别是：实义动词(Notional Verb)、系动词(Link Verb)、助动词(Auxiliary Verb)、情态动词(Modal Verb)。 说明： 有些情况下，有些动词是兼类词， 例如：We are having a meeting.我们正在开会。(having是实义动词。) He has gone to New York.他已去纽约。(has是助动词。) 3) 动词根据其后是否带有宾语，可分为两类，分别是：及物动词(Transitive Verb)、不及物动词(Intransitive Verb)，缩写形式分别为vt. 和vi.。 说明： 同一动词有时可用作及物动词，有时可用作不及物动词。 例如：She can dance and sing. 她能唱歌又能跳舞。(sing在此用作不及物动词。) She can sing many English songs. 她能唱好多首英文歌曲。(sing用作及物动词。) 4) 根据是否受主语的人称和数的限制，可分两类，分别是：限定动词(Finite Verb)、非限定动词(Non-finite Verb) 例如：She sings very well. 她唱得很好。(sing受主语she的限制，故用第三人称单数形式sings。) She wants to learn English well. 她想学好英语。(to learn不受主语she的限制，没有词形变化，是非限定动词。 说明： 英语中共有三种非限定动词，分别是：动词不定式(Infinitive)、动名词(Gerund)、分词(Participle)。 5)根据动词的组成形式，可分为三类，分别是：单字词(One-Word Verb)、短语动词(Phrasal Verb)、动词短语(Verbal Phrase) 例如：The English language contains many phrasal verbs and verbal phrases. 英语里有许多短语动词和动词短语。(contains是单字动词。)
2021届高中英语新高考语法基础版一轮复习讲义（9） 被动语态知识点整理总结 被动语态是中高考经常考的语法之一，也是日常口语和写作中必不可少的句子形式，今天笔者就带大家一起来学习它。 01 被动语态的概念 所谓被动语态是相当于主动语态而言的。如果主语是动作的执行者，那么我们就称其为主动语态，反之，如果主语是动作的承受者或动作的对象，那我们就称其为被动语态。如： 主: Many people speak Chinese. 被: Chinese is spoken by many people. 02 被动语态的结构 被动语态由"be＋及物动词的过去分词"构成。人称、数和时态的变化是通过be的变化表现出来。下面通过speak来说明常见时态的被动语态：一般现在时 am/is/are＋spoken 一般过去时 was/were＋spoken
一般将来时 will/shall be＋spoken 现在进行时 am/is/are being＋spoken 过去进行时 was/were being＋spoken 现在完成时 have/has been＋spoken 过去完成时 had been + spoken 03 被动语态的执行者 被动语态的执行者一般以by+人/物来引出。如果没有执行者或没必要说出执行者，则可以省略这部分。如： Some computers were stolen last night. 无法确定执行者，因此无by结构。 The glass was broken by Mike.
执行者是Mike，所以这里用by引出。 04 含有情态动词的被动语态 用“情态动词＋be＋过去分词”结构。 如： We can repair this watch in two days. This watch can be repaired in two days. 05 特殊情况主动变被动 make/let+sb+do变为被动要还原to。如： He made the boy work for two hours a day. The boy was made to work for two hours a day. 双宾语结构的物做被动语态主语时，后面要还原出介词。如：Jack gave Peter a present just now. A present was given to Peter just now. 巩固练习 1. The flowers were so lovely that they ______ in no time. A. sold B. had been sold
高中英语语法权威解析 目录: 第０１章名词性从句 第0２章“Iｔ”用法及其句型与固定搭配讲解 第03章高中英语语法中得省略现象 第04章主谓一致 第05章动词不定式 第06章倒装结构 第07章定语从句 第０8章被动语态 第09章祈使句 第10章感叹句 第１1章疑问句 第12章名词 第一章名词性从句 在句子中起名词作用得句子叫名词性从句(Ｎｏun Cｌaｕsｅs)。名词性从句得功能相当于名词词组, 它在复合句中能担任主语、宾语、表语、同位语、介词宾语等,因此根据它在句中不同得语法功能,名词从句又可分别称为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句与同位语从句、一. 主语从句 主语从句就是在复合句中充当主语得从句,通常放在主句谓语动词之前或由形式主语it 代替,而本身放在句子末尾。 1. It 作形式主语与ｉt引导强调句得比较 It 作形式主语代替主语从句,主要就是为了平衡句子结构,主语从句得连接词没有变化、而i ｔ引导得强调句则就是对句子某一部分进行强调,无论强调得就是什么成分,都可用连词that。被强调部分指人时也可用who/ｗｈｏｍ、例如: ａ) It isａpitｙｔhaｔyoｕｄidn’t go ｔo seｅｔhｅｆilm.您不去瞧那场电影真可惜。 b) It doeｓn’tｉntereｓt me whethｅrｙou sｕｃceed or not、我对您成功与否不感兴趣、 c) Ｉｔisｉn thｅｍoｒnｉng thaｔｔｈe ｍurder took place. 谋杀案就是在早上发生得、(强调句型) d) Ｉt is Joｈn tｈat broke ｔｈeｗｉｎdow。就是Joｈn打碎得窗户。(强调句型) 2、用ｉt 作形式主语得结构 (1)It is + 名词＋从句 It is ａfaｃt tｈat…事实就是… Ｉt ｉs an honor ｔhat …非常荣幸 It ｉｓｃommon knowlｅdge ｔhat …就是常识 (2)Ｉt is + 形容词+从句 It is naturａl thａt…很自然… It ｉｓstrａｎｇe that…奇怪得就是…(3) It ｉｓ＋不及物动词+ 从句 Ｉｔｓｅems thａｔ…似乎… Ｉt ｈappeneｄthat…碰巧… Iｔappeaｒs that…似乎…
高三毕业总复习语法专项练习题1 1. —Have you enjoyed your visit here? —Yes, I’ll be very sorry _____. A. for leaving B. of leaving C. to leave D. with leaving 2. —I’ll help you whenever you need me. —Good. I’d like _____ me tomorrow. A. you helping B. that you will help C. you to help D. that you help 3. —Where did he go? —He went to another store _____. A. to buy pencils B. for buying pencils C. buy pencils D. buying pencils 4. —My baby has a heart trouble. —Did the doctor find it difficult _____? A. in treating B. treating C. for treating D. to treat 5. —Did the judge ask you many questions? —Yes, and _____. A.they were difficult to be answered B.to answer them was to be difficult C.they were difficult to answer D.they had difficulty in answering 6. The lost child desired nothing but _____ home. A. go B. to go C. going D. went 7. Last summer I took a course on _____. A. how to make dresses B. how dresses be made C. how to be made dresses D. how dresses to be made 8. I know him _____ a good basketball player while in college. A. to have been B. to be C. was D. had been 9. I was surprised _____. A. watching him to eat so quickly B. watch him eat so quickly C. watching him eat so quickly D. to watch him eat so quickly 10. Now we could not do anything but _____ for him here. A. waited B. waiting C. to wait D. wait 11. I don’t know her and I don’t _____. A. want B. want to C. want it D. want so 12. To play fair is as important as _____. A. to play well B. play well C. we play well D. playing well 13. It’s most foolish _____ so. A. for you to say B. of you to say C. with you saying D. in your saying 14. I have no pen _____. A. writing B. to write C. to write with D. to be writing 15. Those letters are _____ to the countryside right away. A. to be sent B. sending C. to have been sent D. sent 16. _____ our wishes, we must try our best to work well. A. Realizing B. To realize C. Realized D. Having realized 17. Would you please _____ on the table? A. don’t write B. not to write C. not write D. not writing 18. Tom pretended _____ something when his mother came in. A. writing B. to write C. to be writing D. being written 19. We are all afraid _____ by robbers. A. to rob B. to be robbed C. of robbing D. of being robbed 20. I’m sorry _____ off the light when I left the room. A. to forget to turn B. to have forgotten to turn C. to have forgotten turning D. to be forgetting turning 21. The child had no choice but _____. A. to cry B. cry C. crying D. cried
语法总结全集 名词和主谓一致 一、名词的分类 英语中名词主要可以分为可数名词和不可数名词。 1．可数名词 可数名词一般都有单复数。单数时，名词前可加不定冠词a/an；复数时，前面可加数词，名词本身要改成复数形式。 可数名词的复数有规则和不规则两种变化。规则的名词，只要在单数名词之后加“s”，“es”或去“y”加“ies”就行，如：an umbrella, twelve umbrellas；a factory, three factories。不规则的名词变化则要靠积累记忆，如：a mouse, ten mice；a policeman, six policemen。 有少数可数名词，如sheep，works（工厂），Chinese等，它们的单复数同形：a sheep, four sheep；a chemical works, five chemical works。 此外，还有一些可数名词只有复数形式，如clothes，trousers，cattle，police，people(人，人民)等。 英语名词中还有一些合成词，它们的复数形式有三种可能：1）后面的部分变成复数形式：grown-ups，boy students，grandchildren。2）前面的部分变成复数形式：passers-by，lookers-on，sons-in-law。3）前、后都变成复数形式：men doctors，women drivers。 2．不可数名词 不可数名词没有单复数的变化，前面也不能加a/an，或数词。但是我们可以用量词来表示不可数名词的数量，单复数表现在量词上，如：a piece of paper；two pieces of paper。 在有些情况下，不可数名词也可用a/an，表“一种”、“某种”的意思，如have a wonderful time，receive a good education，be made into a fine paper。 有时为了表示量大，不可数名词的后面也可加“s”，如sands，ashes，waters等。 但是我们在学习不可数名词的时候，特别要记住英语中有一些名词，它们无论在什么情况下，前面都不能用a/an，后面也不可加“s”，如weather，information，等。 3．有的名词既可是可数名词，也可是不可数名词 英语中有相当一部分的名词，既可以是可数，也可以是不可数，它们的意义有时略有不同，有时则完全不同。如：difficulty, success, time, work，paper，glass，等。 4．用于表示可数与不可数名词的数量“多”“少”的常用词和词组 跟可数名词连用的如：few, a few, many。 跟不可数名词连用的如：little, a little, much。 可数与不可数都能用的是：a lot of , plenty of。 二、主谓一致 1．通常被看作单数的主语部分 1）不定式、动名词和主语从句。 eg.. To see is to believe. Seeing is believing. What he said was different from what he did. 2）表示“时间”“距离”“金钱数量”的名词。 eg. Twenty years is quite a long time. 10 kilometers doesn’t seem to be a long distance to Mira. 300 dollars is too much for this old coin.
高中定语从句详细讲解 （一）定义及相关术语 1 ?定语从句：修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。定语从句一般紧跟在它所修饰的先行词之后。 2 ?先行词：被定语从句修饰的词叫先行词。 3 ?关系词：引导定语从句的词叫关系词。 关系词有关系代词和关系副词。关系代词有that, which, who, whom, whose, as 等；关系 畐y词有when, where, why 等。 关系词通常有下列三个作用：A、引导定语从句；B、代替先行词；C、在定语从句中 担当一个成分。例如： The man who is shak ing hands with my father is a policema n. 该句中，who is shak ing hands with my father是定语从句，修饰先行词the man , “ who ”是引导定语从句的关系词，代 替先行词the man，在定语从句中作主语。 （二）关系代词引导的定语从句 1 ? who 指人，在定语从句中作主语。 The boys who are playi ng football are from Class On e. 正在踢足球的男孩是一班的。 Those who want to go to the museum must be at the school gate at 7 tomorrow morni ng. 想去博物馆的人必须在明晨7点到大门口集合。 Yesterday I helped an old man who had lost his way. 昨天我帮助了一位迷路的老人。 That is the teacher who teaches us physics. 那就是教我们物理的老师。 2 ? whom 指人，在定语从句中做宾语，常可省略。 Mr Liu is the person （ whom ） you talked about on the bus. 刘先生就是你们在公共汽车 上谈论的那个人。 Li Mi ng is just the boy ( whom ) I want to see. 李明正是我想要见的男孩。 The professor ( whom ) you are wait ing for has come. The girl ( whom ) the teacher ofte n praises is our mon itor. 的班长。 注意：关系代词whom在口语或非正式文体中常可用 你正在等的教授已经来了。 老师经常表扬的那个女孩是我们who来代替，也可省略。 The man ( whom / who )you met just now is my old friend. 3 ? Which指物，在定语从句中做主语或宾语，做宾语时常可省略。 Football is a game which is liked by most boys. 足球是大多数男孩所喜欢的运动。 The factory which makes computers is far away from here. 制造计算机的那家公司离这儿很 远。 He likes to read books which are writte n by foreig n writers. 他喜欢外国作家写的书。 The house which is by the lake looks nice. 湖边的那幢房子看上去很漂亮。 This is the pen ( which ) he bought yesterday. 这是他昨天买的钢笔。 The film ( which ) they went to see last night was not interesting at all. 他们昨晚看的电影一点意思也没有。 4 ? That指人时，相当于who或whom ;指物时，相当于which.。在定语从句中作主语或 宾语，作宾语时常可省略。 The nu mber of people that / who come to visit this city each year reaches one milli on. 每年来参观这座城市的人数达一百万。 Where is the man that / whom I saw this morni ng? 我今天早上看到的那个人在哪儿? The person that /whom you in troduced to me is very kind. 你介绍给我的那个人很友好。
高中英语语法大全之形容词和副词 形容词及其用法 形容词修饰名词，说明事物或人的性质或特征。通常，可将形容词分成性质形容词和叙述形容词两类，其位置不一定都放在名词前面。 1)直接说明事物的性质或特征的形容词是性质形容词，它有级的变化，可以用程度副词修饰，在句中可作定语、表语和补语。例如：hot 热的。 2)叙述形容词只能作表语，所以又称为表语形容词。这类形容词没有级的变化，也不可用程度副词修饰。大多数以a开头的形容词都属于这一类。例如：afraid 害怕的。 （错）He is an ill man. （对）The man is ill. （错）She is an afraid girl. （对）The girl is afraid. 这类词还有：well，unwell，ill，faint，afraid，alike，alive，alone，asleep，awake 等。 3）形容词作定语修饰名词时，要放在名词的前边。但是如果形容词修饰以-thing为字尾的词语时，要放在这些词之后，例如： something nice 以-ly结尾的形容词 1）大部分形容词加-ly可构成副词。但friendly，deadly，lovely，lonely，likely，lively，ugly，brotherly，仍为形容词。 改错：(错）She sang lovely. （错）He spoke to me very friendly. （对）Her singing was lovely. （对）He spoke to me in a very friendly way. 2）有些以-ly 结尾既为形容词，也为副词。 daily，weekly，monthly，yearly，early The Times is a daily paper. The Times is published daily. 用形容词表示类别和整体 1）某些形容词加上定冠词可以泛指一类人，与谓语动词的复数连接。如：the dead，the living，the rich，the poor，the blind，the hungry The poor are losing hope. 2）有关国家和民族的形容词加上定冠词指这个民族的整体，与动词的复数连用。 the British，the English，the French，the Chinese. The English have wonderful sense of humor. 多个形容词修饰名词的顺序 多个形容词修饰名词时，其顺序为： 限定词--数词--描绘词--(大小，长短，形状，新旧，颜色) --出处--材料性质，类别--名词 a small round table a tall gray building
高中英语语法讲义-----定语从句 概念 1,定语：修饰限定人或物的成分。a cute girl , the pen on the desk . The boy sitting here is my student. The book bought yesterday is popular. 2,定语从句：修饰限定人或物的句子. The boy who is sitting here is my student. The book which was bought yesterday is popular 3,先行词：被定语从句修饰的人或物—the boy / the book. *注意词组---the old man under the tree(指人) 4，关系词：代替先行词引导定语从句的词（关系代词和关系副词）---who / which. I, who am 48, teach you English. 5,限定性定语从句：从句紧跟在先行词后译为一句话。 6,非限定性定语从句：主句从句逗号分开，译为两句话。既可对某个先行词也可对整个主句进行补充说明 （不用that）。 You have been admitted to a top university , which has made your parents excited. 限定性定语从句： 在从句中所做成分关系词 先行词指人：1，主语who/ that 2, 宾语whom/ who/ that/--- 3, 定语（某人的）+ n whose I have a friend. 1, He works in Wuhan.-----I have a friend who / that works in Wuhan. 2, I love him -----I have a friend ( whom/ who/ that ) I love. 3,His name is Ray.----I have a friend whose name is Ray. *当做介词宾语且和介词一起引导从句时：介词+ whom（人）/which （物）+从句。不能省略！ The girl is Lily. You talked with her.---The girl (whom/who/that) you talked with is Lily. ---The girl with whom you talked is Lily. 在从句中所做成分关系词 先行词指物1，主语which/ that 2, 宾语which / that / --- 3, 定语（某物的）+ n whose * whose + n = the+ n of which / of which the +n . 4，状语时间when =介词+ which 地点where= 介词+ which * 从句完整 the reason why = for which I have a flat . 1, It lies on the 5th floor.---I have a flat which / that lies on the 5th floor. 2, I bought it in 2006.----I have a flat (which / that) I bought in 2006. 3, Its door faces to the south.---I have a flat whose door(the door of which/ of which the door ) faces to the south. 4,We’ve lived in it for about 11 years---I have a flat (which / that)we’ve lived in for about 11 years. / in which we’ve lived for about 11years. / where we’ve lived for about 11 years.(we’ve lived为SVi完整) I’ll remember the day __when__ we had a good time together.(从句完整)