四位一体——知识清单+难点突破+解题秘诀+易错题型
中考英语语法考点总结——冠词和名
词
知识清单
冠词
一、不定冠词a/an的用法
1、用于第一次提到的某人或者某物。
This is a nook.
2、泛指人或物的类别，用于区别其它种类。
A plane is a machine that can fly.
3、泛指某人或者某物。
A girl is waiting for you.
4、用于表示时间、速度、价格等名词之前，表示“每一”的意思，相当于every。two kilometres an hour
five lessons a week.
5、不定冠词与序数词连用，表示“又一、再一”。
The cake is delicious, and I would like a second one.
6、不定冠词用在某些被具体化的物质名词或者抽象名词前，表示“一次、一场、一顿”等。
There will be a strong wind in the south of China.
His new book was a great success.
Oh, John. What a great surprise you gave us!
7、用于某些固定词组中。
have a good time 玩得开心in a hurry 匆忙for a while 一会儿
二、定冠词the的用法
1、表示双方都知道的人或事物。
Give me the book, please.
2、表示特指的或上下文提到过的人或物。
Do you know the girl in red?
I have a book. The book is interesting.
3、表示世界上独一无二的事物。
The earth moves around the sun.
4、用在序数词、形容词最高级以及对特定的两个名词进行比较时的比较级前面。The first lesson is very easy.
She is the most careful student in our class.
He is the younger of the two boys.
5、用在姓氏的复数名词前表示一家人。
The Greens are watching TV now.
6、用在单数可数名词前表示一类人或物。
The orange is orange.
7、用在江河、海洋、山脉、群岛、沙漠等专有名词前，或用在由普通名词构成的专有名词前。
the Great Wall 长城
the United States 美国
8、与某些形容词连用，表示一类人。
The rich should help the poor.
9、用在表示方位或西洋乐器名称的名词前。
Jilin province is in the north-east of China.
I like playing the piano.
10、用在某些固定词组中。
in the morning/afternoon/evening 在上午/下午/晚上
at the same time 同时
by the way 顺便问一下
in the end 最后
三、零冠词的用法
1、不可数名词和复数名词表示泛指时前面用零冠词。
Man can’t live without water.
Horses are domestic animals.
2、某些专有名词，如人民、地名、国家名等，前面用零冠词。
China is a great country.
Mary lives in New York.
3、名词前已有限定词，如物主代词、名词所有格、指示代词等修饰时，用零冠词。Every student likes English in our class.
4、用在表示日期、星期、月份、季节等词的前面，但若特指某年的某个季节，要在季节前加the。
June 1st is Children’s Day.
Spring comes after winter.
That event happened in the spring of 1932.
5、称呼或者表示头衔的名词作表语、同位语、补语时用零冠词。
This is Professor Li.
What’s wrong, Granny?
6、三餐、球类及学科名词前用零冠词。
I went to school without breakfast this morning.
He often plays basketball after school.
Of all the subjects, I like English best.
7、与by连用的交通工具名词前用零冠词。
by car; by train
注意：但take a car, in a boat, on the bike等短语中的交通工具前需要用冠词。
8、公共假日、节日名称前用零冠词。
New Year’s Day 元旦
Women’s Day 妇女节
9、某些固定词组中用零冠词。
at noon/night/dawn in danger
in time day and night
名词
一、名词的分类
名词按其所表示的事物性质可分为可数名词与不可数名词。具体情况见下表：
二、可数名词的复数形式
1、可数名词变复数规则如下：
2、某国人变复数的规则如下：
①单复数相同
Chinese-Chinese
Japanese-Japanese
②由-man构成的复合名词
Englishman-Englishmen
Frenchman-Frenchmen
注意：German-Germans
③以(i)an结尾的名词
American-Americans
Arab-Arabs
Egyptian-Egyptians
Australian-Australians
某国人变复数的口诀：中日不变、英法变，其余-s加后面。
三、名词所有格
1、名词所有格表示名词之间的所属关系，有两种表达形式：’s所有格和of所有格。Beijing is China’s capital.=Beijing is the capital of Chin a.
2、用and连接两个并列的单数名词表示共有关系，这时只在最后一个名词后加’s；表示分别拥有各自的物品时，两个名词在词尾都加’s。
This is Mary and her sister’s bedroom.
These are Tom’s and Mary’s bags.
3、以s结尾的复数名词，构成所有格时，在后面加上’；不以s结尾的复数名词在词尾加上’s。
Teachers’ Day Children’s Day
4、of所有格主要用于表示无生命的东西。
the door of the room
the leaves of the tree
5、表示店铺、医院、诊所、住宅等名称时，常在名词后面加上’s，表示该处所。
at the doctor’s=at the doctor’s office
6、表示时间、距离、国家、城市等无生命的名词，也可以用’s所有格。
today’s news
ten minutes’ walk/ride/drive
7、双重所有格有两种形式：of+名词所有格；of+名词性物主代词。
He is a friend of my brother’s.
Is she a daughter of yours?
难点突破
一、不定冠词a和an的区别
a用在以辅音因素开头的单词前；an用在以辅音音素开头的单词前。
There is a supermarket near my home.
There is an “f” in the word “five”.
特别提醒：
1、判断一个单词是以原因因素开头，还是以辅音音素开头，要根据其读音，而不是根据字母。
2、在26个字母中，前面用an的字母有：a, e, f, h, i, l, m, n, o, r, s, x，其余前面用a。
3、以字母u开头的单词要特别注意：an umbrella; an unusual story; a university
二、有些短语中用冠词和不用冠词的意义区别
go to school 上学（是学生）go to the school 到学校去（不一定是学生）
go to bed 上床睡觉go to the bed 向床边走去
at table 在吃饭at the table 在桌子旁边
at school 在上学at the school 在学校里
in class 在上课in the class 在班级里
in front of 在……（外部的）前面in the front of 在……（内部）的前面
三、同一名词可数与不可数意义的区别
有些名词既是可数名词，又是不可数名词，但意义有所不同。
fish 鱼（可数名词）fish 鱼肉（不可数名词）
chicken 鸡（可数名词）chicken 鸡肉（不可数名词）
paper 试卷（可数名词）paper 纸（不可数名词）
glass 玻璃杯（可数名词）glass 玻璃（不可数名词）
room 房间（可数名词）room 空间（不可数名词）
四、复合形容词中名词的形式
“数词+名词（形容词）”构成的复合形容词中的名词不能用复数形式，必须用单数形式。
She is a five-year-old girl.
a 100-metre race
五、双重所有格与of所有格的区别
a friend of his mother’s 他妈妈的一个朋友
the friend of his mother 他妈妈的朋友
六、名词作定语时的形式
1、名词作定语时，一般用单数形式，但sports例外。
paper tigers 纸老虎
apple trees 苹果树
work places 工作场所
sports shoes 运动鞋
2、当man和woman作定语时，被修饰的名词变成复数时，man和woman也要变成复数形式；如果是其它词，变复数时，只需把后面的名词变成复数形式。
man teacher-men teachers
woman doctor-women doctors
boy student-boy students
解题秘诀
1、解决冠词类题目时，首先要搞清楚句子中的名词时单数还是复数，是特指还是泛指，注意复数名词、不可数名词表示泛指时不用任何冠词，单数名词前常加不定冠词。
2、解决名词类题目时，遵循语义优先原则，四个备选项在语法结构上不存在差异，而在语义上虽然比较接近，但毕竟存在差异。
易错题型
1.Donald Trump, 71-year-old business man, was chosen President of the US
last year.
A.a; a
B. a; /
C. the; a
D. the; the
2.--When will car race begin?
--I’m not sure. Maybe next week, or maybe week after next.
A.a; the
B. an; the
C. the; a
D. the; the
3.--Are you leaving now? Having dinner with you was great fun.
--Thanks a lot, but I have to make early start tomorrow morning.
A./; an
B. a; an
C. /; the
D. a; the
4.--Can you remember when Mr. Green left city?
--Sorry, I can’t. I only remember it was Monday.
A.a; a
B. the; the
C. a; the
D. the; a
5.--Do you see Audi car parked here?
--Is it black one? A young man has driven it away.
A.an; a
B.the; the
C.the; a
D.an; the
6.We will see even stronger China in near future.
A. a; the
B. an; the
C. the; a
D. an; a
7. Tom wants to study at_____university in Europe, but hasn't decided which one to go to yet.
A. an
B. a
C. the
D. /
8. -- My son seldom has breakfast.
-- It is unhealthy habit. You must ask him to change it.
A./; an
B. the; an
C. /; a
D. the; a
9.Tong Liya is _______ famous actress who acted as a country woman in _______1970s
in the TV show Ordinary World.
A. a; / `
B. a; the
C. the; the
D. the;
/
10. --Has the little girl passed ______ P.E. test?
--She has tried twice, and the teacher will allow her to have_____third try.
A. the; /
B. a; the
C. the; a
D. the; the
参考答案
1-5 BDAA 6-10 BBABC
中考英语语法考点总结——代词和数
词
知识清单
代词
一、人称代词
1、人称代词的主格在句中充当主语。
I love my country.
She is a good student.
2、人称代词的宾格在句中充当宾语或者表语。
I don’t know her.
His mother is waiting for him outside.
--Who is it?
--It’s me.
3、人称代词的语序
几个人称代词并列作主语时，它们的顺序如下：
单数形式（二、三、一）you, he/she/it and I
复数形式（一、二、三）we, you and they
二、物主代词
1、形容词性物主代词放在名词前作定语，不能单独使用。
His parents are both office workers.
My name is Jack.
2、名词性物主代词常用来代替前面出现过的名词，相当于“形容词性物主代词+名词”。
This is my dictionary. Where is yours?
My idea is different from hers.
三、反身代词
1、反身代词用于动作发出者将动作反作用于本身，反身代词常用作宾语或者同位语。
The little boy is too young to look after himself.
I hope you can enjoy yourselves at the party.
The children made model planes themselves.
2、反身代词的常见词组
teach oneself 自学
learn by oneself 自学
enjoy oneself 玩得开心
help yourself to 随便吃
by oneself 独自
四、代词it的用法
1、指代前面提到过的事物。
This is not my book. It is Jim’s.
2、用来指代婴儿或者身份不明的人。
Someone is knocking at the door. Please go and see who it is.
3、指时间或者季节。
It is ten o’clock now.
4、指天气。
It is sunny today.
5、指距离。
How far is it from your school to your home?
6、作形式主语，常用于下列句型中：
①It is+adj.+(for/of sb.) to do sth.“做某事对某人来说是怎么样的”。It’s nice of you to help me so much.
It is important for us to work hard.
②It’s time to do/for/that...“该做某事了”。
It’s time to get up/for lunch/that we went home.
③It seems that...“看起来似乎……”。
It seems that he is quite happy.
④It’s one’s turn to do...“轮到某人做某事”。
It’s your turn to sing.
⑤It’s+adj.+that从句
It is necessary that you should be present at the meeting.
7、作形式宾语。
形式宾语的常见结构为：think/feel/find+it+adj./n.+to do sth.。
Do you think it necessary to learn to wait in line?
五、指示代词
1、this/these指代距离较近的事物或者下文要提到的事物。
This is my pen.
These are my books.
Please remember this: No pains, no gains.
2、that/those指代距离较远的事物或者上文提到过的事物。That’s h er bike.
He was ill. That was why he didn’t go to school.
3、打电话时，用this介绍自己，that询问对方。
This is Mike speaking.
Who’s that?
特别提醒：
it特指上文提到的同一个事物，同类且同物；one泛指上文提及到的同类事物中的一个，同类而不同物；that常用于比较结构中，代替前面提到过的可数名词单数或者不可数名词，以避免重复，代替复数名词时用those。
The book is mine. It is very interesting.
--Who has a pen?
--I have one.
The weather in Beijing is colder than that in Guangzhou in winter.
六、不定代词
1、some与any
表示“一些”时，some和any既可以修饰可数名词也可以修饰不可数名词。some一般用于肯定句中，用于疑问句中表示说话人希望得到肯定的回答或表示请求和建议；any多用于疑问句、否定句和条件句中。
You will find some books in the box.
I need some stamps. Are there any in your bag?
Would you like some rice for dinner?
2、many和much
many指代可数名词复数；much指代不可数名词。
Many of us have seen the film.
I know much about it.
3、either和neither
either表示“两者中任何一个”；neither指两个人或物中任何一个都不。
I have two pens, but I don’t like either of them.
Neither of the books is good.
4、both、all和none
both表示“两者都”，all指三者或者三者以上都；none指三者或者三者以上都不，
常用来回答how many/much引出的问题。
Both of my parents are farmers.
All of us should go there.
None of the students in our class can work out the maths problem.
--How much rice do you need?
--None.
5、each和every
each是不定代词，在句中可以用作主语、宾语、表语、同位语或者定语，表示“每一个”；every是限定词，在句中用作定语。
Each of us wears a yellow T-shirt.
Every student has passed the exam.
6、a little, little, a few和few
a little（一点儿）和little（几乎没有）用来修饰不可数名词；a few（一些）和few（几乎没有）用来修饰可数名词。
Would you please buy some salt for me, Tony? There is little left.
A few students are playing basketball on the playground.
7、the other, another, other, others, the others
七、复合不定代词
复合不定代词为：somebody, someone, something, anybody, anyone, anything, nobody,
nothing, everybody, everyone, everything。
Do you have anything special to tell me today?
Listen to me, boys and girls. I have something to tell you.
数词
一、基数词的表达
1、基数词1-12是独立单词，需逐个记忆。基数词13-19是在个位数后加上teen，其中thirteen, fifteen, eighteen属不规则变化。整十基数词20至90是在整十基数词后面加上ty构成，其中twenty, thirty, forty, fifty, eighty属不规则变化。非整十基数词21至99是在整十基数词后面加上个位数构成，中间加上连字符“-”。
73 seventy-three 88 eighty-eight
2、三位数以上的基数词，在百位数和十位数之间一般要用连词and。
1,342 one thousand, three hundred and forty-two
3、英语中没有“万”和“亿”这两个基数词，在表示“万”和“亿”时，要按十进位法来推算。
10,000 ten thousand
100,000,000 a hundred million
4、hundred, thousand, million, billion这些词前面如有表示具体数字的词，它们末尾不能加“s”，且不能与of连用；反之则在末尾加上s，与of连用。
three hundred people thousands of people
二、基数词的用法
1、用基数词表示编号。
Lesson Five 第五课
Room 801 801房间
Page Twelve 第十二页
Class One, Grade Three 三年级一班
2、表示百分数用基数词。
Thirty percent of it is water.
3、“数词+名词（形容词）”构成的复合形容词中的名词不能用复数形式，必须用单
数形式。
A twenty-year-old girl is behind me.
4、in the+整十基数词的复数形式/所有格形式，表示年代。
in the 1870s/1870’s 在19世纪70年代
5、in one's+整十的复数，表示某人的大概年龄。
The young man is in his early thirties.
三、序数词的构成
1、序数词1-3是独立的单词。
first, second, third
2、基数词4-19是在基数词后面加-th构成，其中fifth, eighth, ninth, twelfth, thirteenth, fifteenth是不规则变化。
fourth, fifth, sixth, seventh, eighth, ninth, tenth, eleventh, twelfth, thirteenth, fourteenth, fifteenth, sixteenth, seventeenth, eighteenth, nineteenth
3、整十的基数词20-90变序数词时，变y为i再加“eth”。
twentieth, thirtieth, fortieth, fiftieth, sixtieth, seventieth, eighties, ninetieth
4、21以上非整十基数词变序数词时，只需将其个位数变成序数词，其它位数仍用基数词。
twenty-first, seventy-sixth, two hundred and eighty-eighth
四、序数词的用法
1、序数词主要用作定语和表语，前面一般要加定冠词the。
The fifth lesson is very easy o learn.
Zhang Hua is always the first to come and the last to leave.
2、序数词和定冠词连用，表示顺序；和不定冠词连用，表示“又一、再一”；和零冠词连用，表示名次，起副词作用。
He failed twice, but he tried a third time.
Lily came second in the race.
3、表示分数时，分子用基数词，分母用序数词，若分子大于1，表示分母的序数词要用复数形式。
Two fifths of the books are mine.
4、日期的表达
2014年7月22日
22nd July, 2014= July 22nd, 2014
5、数词前加every，表示“每隔一段时间”。
every ten days 每隔十天
every fourth week 每隔三周
难点突破
1、复合不定代词被形容词修饰时的位置
当形容词或者else修饰复合不定代词时，形容词或者else要放在复合不定代词后面。Xiao Ming, I have something important to tell you.
We need one more helper. Can you find anyone else?
2、不定代词和of连用
anyone和everyone只能指人，不可以与of连用；any one，every one既可以指人，也可以指物，可以与of连用。
I would like everyone/every one to be happy.
I have kept every one of her letters.
I have a lot of books and you can borrow any one of them.
解题秘诀
1、解决代词类题目时，首先明确代词所指代的对象是人还是物；可数还是不可数；特指还是泛指；两者还是三者及以上；肯定还是否定。
2、熟记基数词和序数词的拼写，弄清楚基数词和序数词的基本用法和运用场合，重点掌握一些数词的特殊用法。
易错题型
1.I turned to bookshops and libraries looking for information and found .
A.none
B. nothing
C. both
D. neither
2.Tony’s mum looks young and beautiful. it’s hard to imagine she is already in her.
A.fifties
B. fifty
C. fiftieths
D. fiftieth
3.--Somebody is at the door. Could you go and answer it?
--Why ? I am busy now. Sally is sitting on the sofa doing nothing.
A.me
B. I
C. him
D. her
4.-- Just a minute, Tom. Is this the report you need to hand in today?
-- Oh, yes, Mum. I thought I had put in my schoolbag. Thank you.
A.everything
B. something
C. nothing
D. anything
5.--Have you got any books on English grammar? I want to borrow .
--Yes, here you are. But you must return it by Friday.
A. one
B. it
C. some
D. that
6. --Oh, the traffic is too heavy.
--Let's change ________way to the airport.
A. other
B. others
C. the other
D. another
7. -- Have you got anything to do this afternoon, Lucy or Lily?
-- Yes. ______ of us are going to the home for the elderly.
A. Each
B. Either
C. Both
D. All
8. --How many birds can you see in the tree?
--_______. All the birds have flown away.
A. None
B. No one
C. Nothing
D. A few
9. They have provided several ways to solve the problem. We can choose ________ to start with.
A. it
B. that
C. one
D. each
10. --Excuse me, how can I get to Nanshan Mountain?
--Oh, ________ of these two buses will take you there. You must go and take No.3 bus.
A. neither
B. all
C. none
D. both
参考答案
1-5 AAAAA 6-10 DCACA
中考英语语法考点总结——形容词和
副词
知识清单
一、形容词的基本用法
说明人或物的特征、性质和状态，常用来修饰名词或不定代词的词叫作形容词。
1、作定语
形容词作定语时，放在名词之前，复合不定代词之后。
He lives in a beautiful house.
There is nothing important in today’s newspaper.
2、作表语
放在系动词（be, feel, look, smell, taste, sound, get, become, keep, turn, seem等）之后。His idea sounds great.
3、作宾语补足语
放在宾语后面，常与make, keep, find, leave等动词连用。
They keep the classroom clean every day.
We find it important to learn English well.
二、副词的基本用法
1、副词的分类
①时间副词：now, then, today, tomorrow, yesterday, ago, early, late, already, yet, ever 等。
②地点副词：outside, inside, upstairs, here, there, home, away, off, up, down等，地点副词前面不用介词。
③方式副词：quickly, happily, loudly, suddenly, luckily, badly, easily, fast等，方式副词大多数由“形容词+ly”构成。
④程度副词：very, quite, too, so, rather等，程度副词用来修饰形容词和副词。
⑤疑问副词：when, where, why, how, how long, how soon, how far, how often, how much等。
⑥频度副词：sometimes, often, usually, always, seldom, never等。
⑦关系副词：when, where, why，关系副词用来引导定语从句。
2、副词的功能
①作状语
副词作状语修饰动词、形容词和副词，还可以修饰整个句子。
He works hard.（修饰动词）
He worked out the problem very easily.（修饰副词）
Unfortunately, he was away when I arrived.（修饰整个句子）
②作表语
作表语的副词，大多数表示位置或者状态，如：out, in, on, back, down, up, off, away, upstairs, downstairs等。
He is in.
What’s on this evening?
I must be off now.
三、形容词和副词级的用法
1、原级比较
表示A与B在某方面程度相同或者不同时，用形容词和副词原级。
肯定的结构：A...+as+形容词/副词原级+as+B“A和B一样……”
English is as interesting as Chinese.
2014中考英语语法知识点总结：动词 一定要记牢动词的现在分词，过去式，过去分词。比如：catch 的过去式和过去分词(caught，caught) 你可能就不知道吧?痛下决心，好好记一记吧。先讲系动词。 系动词：大概是最简单的动词了。你只需注意的是系动词除了be的形式之外，还有become，get，grow，turn，sound，look，smell，taste等，它们不能单独作谓语,必须和作表语的词语(如形容词, 名词等) 连用, 所以用的时候，可要小心为是呀!如：It smells delicious.(它闻起来味道很美)。delicious 是形容词，不是副词。 情态动词：首先要记住情态动词后必跟动词原形。 must的意思是"应当，必须"，侧重于说话者的主观看法，没有时态变化，其否定式是mustn't，在"Must I(we) ...."的疑问句中，须注意的是其否定回答常用needn't。如：Must I go?(我一定要走吗?) No,you needn't.(不，不必。) need意为"需要"。既可作实义动词，又可作情态动词，因此在用法上需要注意。作实义动词时，need后跟名词，动名词，或不定式。如：I need to go. (我得走了。) 作情态动词时，后跟动词原形。如：You needn't come tomorrow if you are busy. (如果你忙，明天就不必来了。) 实意动词：我们跑(run)，我们跳(jump)，我们笑(laugh)，这些都得用实意动词来表达。我们一起来看一看一些特殊的词吧。它们在接动名词和不定式时意义有所不同。 stop：这个词让好多同学大伤了一番脑筋，到底什么时候加to do，什么时候加 doing 呢?两者意义又有什么不同呢?OK, Come with me. 看下面两个句子。 When the teacher came in, they stopped to read. When the teacher came in, they stopped talking. 第一句的意思是"当老师进来时，他们停下来开始读书"。而第二句的意思是 "老师进来时，他们停止了说话"。所以stop to do sth表示"停止正在做的事情去干另一件事"。而stop doing表示"中断正在做的某事"。 forget，remember，regret 这三个词用法基本相同，只要记住+doing 表示"事情已经做过"，+to do表示"事情还未做"就可以了。
【英语】中考英语语法填空易错大盘点 一、初三中考语法填空（含答案详细解析） 1．阅读下面短文，在空格处填入一个适当的词或使用括号中词语的正确形式填空。 Strangely enough, some inventions are lost ________ people can't imagine their ________ （valuable）. A use may need to be "invented" along with the invention. An example is the fax machine. The technology for faxing ________ （invent）in the 1800s. It took more than one hundred years, however, for the fax to be seen as useful. In 1843 Alexander Bain invented a machine to ________ （electrical）transmit（传输）writing. At first, it was considered ________ （use）since few people thought there was ________ need for transmitting writing over ________ （wire）. Eventually the value of the invention was realized, and it was improved ________ office use. By the 1980s, the fax machine became a piece of standard ________ （equip）in offices. The reason is ________it can very quickly transmit written documents. Who knows how many other inventions just need to be recognized as valuable? 【答案】because；value；was invented；electrically；useless；a/any；wires；for；equipment；that 【解析】【分析】主要讲了一些发明因为人们不能想象它们的价值而失去，列举传真机器的发明来说明这点。 （1）句意：足够奇怪的是，因为人们不能想象它们的价值，所以一些发明消失了。后句表示原因，所以用because；形容词修物主代词修饰名词，their它们的，形容词修物主代词，所以后面用形容词valuable的名词value，不可数名词，故填because，value。 （2）句意：传真的科技在19世纪被发明。invent发明，实义动词，主语technology是动作invent的承受者，时态是一般过去时，所以用一般过去时的被动语态，结构是was/were+动词过去分词，主语technology是不可数名词，所以用was，invent的过去分词是invented，故填was invented。 （3）句意：1843年，亚历山大贝恩发明了一种电子传输文字的机器。electrical电子的，形容词，副词修饰实义动词，transmit传输，实义动词，所以用副词electrically，电子地，故填electrically。 （4）句意：起初，它被认为是无用的，因为很少有人认为有必要通过电线传输文字。be considere形容词，表示被认为怎么样，固定搭配，根据后文可知传真的作用后来才被认可，所以起初被认为是无用的，use使用，实义动词，其形容词是useless，无用的；原因是很少人认为有必要，few表示否定，所以用a/any；wire，电线，可数名词，前面没有表示单数的a或者one，所以用复数wires，故填useless；a/any；wires。 （5）句意：最终，这项发明的价值得以实现，并被改进为办公用途。为了办公用途才被改进，所以用for，为了，故填for。 （6）句意：到了20世纪80年代，传真机已成为办公室的标准设备。equip，装备，实义动词，形容词修饰名词，standard，标准的，形容词，所以用equip的名词equipment，设备，不可数名词，故填equipment。 （7）句意：原因是它能很快地传送书面文件。the reason is that...，原因是……，固定搭
中考英语语法考点重点解析 中考英语语法考点重点分析（一） 中考是一种比较激烈的选拔性考试，它承担着为高级中学挑选优秀学生的任务，所以它一定要有必要的难度和区分度，我们在认真分析了近五年上海中考原题语法和词汇部分后（20xx年至20xx年），下面扼要的总结了些上海中考的重点和考点，帮助广大学生熟悉考试的具体要求和重点，为学生们备战中考提供必要的帮助。 初中生因为刚涉及英语学习，语法方面还没有过多学复合句等问题，中考的考核绝大多数是以词法为主，20xx年到20xx年语法单项选择15道题，涉及句法的题寥寥，一般在2道左右。20xx年单项选择增加到20道考核句法的题也没有超过两道。这体现了中考英语语法考核重在考察各种词法，强调最基础的学习和积累，为以后的高中学习打下牢固的基本功。 冠词和代词注意的问题： 例：The scientists from United States live in Ninth street.（20xx 上海中考题） A. the……the B. /……the C. /……/ D. the……/ 解析：这是考察冠词的一道典型试题，需要强调的是学生要牢牢记住一些冠词的特殊用法，如普通名词构成专有名词一定要用the 如：the Great wall长城 the Shanghai Museum 上海博物馆 the New Oriental School 新东方学校。另外注意零冠词的用法：街道、广场、
公园的前面不用任何冠词。所以这道题是选择D。 例：Liu xiang and Yao ming are world-famous sports stars.____ of them have set a good example to us .(20xx年上海中考题) A. all B. neither C. both D. none 例：There are many new high-rises on ___ side of Huaihai Road .What a magnificent view!（20xx年上海中考题） A. either B. neither C. both D. all 解析：代词部分尤其是不定代词部分历来是考试的重点。Both 是指两者的全肯定，是说都怎么样，而all是说全部都，这是在指三个人或者以上；none是指三个人或者以上都不怎么样，是否定的概念，neither是说两者的都不怎么样，也是否定的概念；最重要的是either这个单词，它表示两者都怎么样和both一样是肯定的，但是只说一个或者是任何一个。就上面这道题来讲，第一题说刘翔和姚明都给我们树立了榜样，两者的都肯定，所以选择C. 后一题是说淮海路两旁都是高楼大厦，按道理来讲应该是选择both，但是注意side 是一边，这是个单数，所以是说任意一边都是高楼大厦，选择A. 动词方面需要注意的问题： 一、近意动词的辨析选择 例：The VIPs from 21 countries will ___the APEC in Shanghai this autumn.（20xx年上海中考题） A. hold B. take part in C. join D. attend
马上就要中考了，祝大家中考都考上一个理想的高中！欢迎同学们下载，希望能帮助到你们！ 2020最新中考英语语法知识点汇总
一、词类、句子成分和构词法： 1、词类：英语词类分十种： 名词、形容词、代词、数词、冠词、动词、副词、介词、连词、感叹词。 1、名词(n.)：表示人、事物、地点或抽象概念的名称。如：boy, morning, bag, ball, class, orange. 2、代词(pron.)：主要用来代替名词。如：who, she, you, it . 3、形容词(adj..)：表示人或事物的性质或特征。如：good, right, white, orange . 4、数词(num.)：表示数目或事物的顺序。如：one, two, three, first, second, third, fourth. 5、动词(v.)：表示动作或状态。如：am, is,are,have,see .
6、副词(adv.)：修饰动词、形容词或其他副词,说明时间、地点、 程度等。如：now, very, here, often, quietly, slowly. 7、冠词(art..)：用在名词前,帮助说明名词。如：a, an, the. 8、介词(prep.)：表示它后面的名词或代词与其他句子成分的关系。如in, on, from, above, behind. 9、连词(conj.)：用来连接词、短语或句子。如and, but, before . 10、感叹词(interj..)表示喜、怒、哀、乐等感情。如：oh, well, hi, hello. 2、句子成分：英语句子成分分为七种：主语、谓语、宾语、定语、 状语、表语、宾语补足语。 1、主语是句子所要说的人或事物,回答是“谁”或者“什么”。通 常用名词或代词担任。如：I’m Miss Green.(我是格林小 姐) 2、谓语动词说明主语的动作或状态,回答“做(什么)”。主要由动词 担任。如：Jack cleans the room every day. (杰克每天打 扫房间) 3、表语在系动词之后,说明主语的身份或特征,回答是“什么”或者 “怎么样”。通常由名词、代词或形容词担任。如：My name is Ping ping .(我的名字叫萍萍) 4、宾语表示及物动词的对象或结果,回答做的是“什么”。通常由
最新中考英语语法填空易错点汇总及练习测试题经典 一、初三中考语法填空（含答案详细解析） 1．阅读下面短文，在空白处填入一个适当的词，或填入括号中所给单词的正确形式。 About ten years ago when I was at university, I worked at my university's museum. One day ________ I was working in the gift shop, I saw two old people come ________ with a little girl in a wheelchair （轮椅）. As I looked closer ________ this girl, I realized she had no arms or legs, just a head, neck and body. She was ________ （wear） a little white dress. When the old people pushed her up to me, I was looking down at the desk. I turned my head and gave ________ （she） a smile. As I took the money from her grandparents, I looked back at the girl, who was giving me the cutest, ________ （happy） smile I had ever seen. Just at that ________ , her physical handicap （生理缺陷）was gone. All I saw was this beautiful girl, whose smile just impressed me ________ almost gave me a completely new idea of what life is all about. She took me from a poor, unhappy university student and brought me into her world, a world of smiles and love. That was ten years ago. I'm a ________ （success） business person now and whenever I feel frustrated and think about the trouble of the world, I will think of that little girl and the unusual lesson about life that she ________ （teach） me. 【答案】when/while；in；at；wearing；her；the happiest；time/moment；and；successful；taught 【解析】【分析】文章大意：大学期间遇到的一个坐轮椅的小女孩，她的可爱的乐观的微笑改变了我的人生观。十多年以来，她的微笑始终激励着我。 （1）句意：有一天，我在礼品店工作时，看到两个老人带着一个坐轮椅的小女孩进来。分析句式结构可知，I was working in the gift shop是一个时间状语从句，要用when或while 来引导；第一空格故填when或while；因I was working in the gift shop，因此two old people需要进来，我才能看到。固定短语come in，进来，第二个空格故填in。（2）句意：当我走近这个女孩时，我发现她没有胳膊或腿，只有头、脖子和身体。根据后面语句I realized she had no arms or legs, just a head, neck and body. 可知，我近距离地看到了这个小女孩。固定短语look at，看到，故填at。 （3）句意：她穿着一件白色的小裙子。wear，穿，动词，根据前面的was可知，此句要用过去进行时，故填wearing。 （4）句意：我转过头对她笑了笑。she，人称代词主格，她；固定短语give sb. sth.给某人某物，人称代词作give的宾语要用宾格，故填her。 （5）句意：她给了我一个我所见过的最可爱、最快乐的微笑。happy，开心，快乐。根据语句中的the cutest与I had ever seen可知此空要用最高级，故填the happiest。 （6）句意：就在那时，她的生理缺陷消失了。固定短语at that time，at that moment，在那时，故填time或moment。 （7）句意：我看到的只是一个美丽的女孩，她的微笑给我留下了深刻的印象，几乎让我对生活的意义有了全新的认识。分析句式结构impressed me与almost gave me a，……是小
中考英语语法总结 一、祈使句结构 1 祈使句结构 祈使句用以表达命令，要求，请求，劝告等。 1）祈使句有两种类型，一种是以动词原形开头，在动词原形之前加do (但只限于省略第二人称主语的句子)。 Take this seat. Do be careful. 否定结构： Don't move. Don't be late. 2）第二种祈使句以let开头。 Let 的反意疑问句 a. Let's 包括说话者 Let's have another try，shall we / shan't we = Shall we have another try b. Let us 不包括说话者 Let us have another try，will you / won't you = Will you please let us have another try
否定结构： Let's not talk of that matter. Let us not talk of that matter. 二、感叹句结构 感叹句结构 感叹句通常有what, how引导，表示赞美、惊叹、喜悦、等感情。 what修饰名词，how 修饰形容词，副词或动词，感叹句结构主要有以下几种： 掌握它的搭配，即掌握了感叹句的重点。 How +形容词+ a +名词+ 陈述语序 How+形容词或副词+ 陈述语序 What +名词+ 陈述语序 What+a+形容词+名词+ 陈述语序 What+ 形容词+复数名词+ 陈述语序 What+ 形容词+不可数名词+ 陈述语序 How clever a boy he is! How lovely the baby is! What noise they are making! What a clever boy he is!
一、选择题 1．My cousin Mary was born ＿＿＿ a singing voice. A．from B．in C．with 2．It is reported that he won an award________Best Actor________his role in that film. A．as; in B．as; for C．for;for D．for; in 3．—There is a hole in the wall. What is it for? —We have a dog. He can get in or out ________ it. A．past B．through C．across D．over 4．The old man arrived _________ the village _______ a rainy night. A．at; on B．on; at C．in; at D．on; in 5．I bought the tomatoes ________ the vegetable stall. A．at B．in C．on D．from 6．The girl often goes to the park many beautiful flowers. A．with B．have C．has D．in 7．—What do you think of happiness, Zoe? —I think happiness is a way station too much and too little. A．among B．between C．opposite D．beyond 8．The elephant is the only animal__________a trunk- a special long nose. A．For B．with C．to 9．Jiangsu Development Summit was open _____ May 20th in Nanjing. A．on B．in C．at D．by 10．—What's the secret good health? —Eating healthy food and taking enough exercise. A．in B．to C．on 11．It’s necessary for Tony to do ____ thing ____ his classmates do. A．same, as B．same, like C．the same, to D．the same, as 12．—I feel sad from time to time.Could you give me some advice? —________ sharing your worries with your parents? A．Why don't you B．How about C．Why not D．Would you like 13．---What’s your hobby ? ---______collecting balls, I also like different kinds of CDs. A．Besides B．Except C．Beside D．About 14．Can you jiaozi English? A．say;with B．speak;in C．say;in D．tell;about 15．My best friend is now________China, so I want to go________China, too. A．in；on B．on；to C．of；for D．in；to 16．Jim and Tim are talking _______ the phone. A．at B．on C．with D．in
英语语法基础知识大全最新中考英语语法易错 易混知识点汇总 1.Jane said she would e here ________ 9:00 and 9:30 tomorrow morning.A. fromB.atC. betweenD.around答案: C (选择B的同学没有把体看完整; 选择A的同学没有注意到from…to…的搭配.)2.It’s spring now.The students ________ trees these weeks.A. plantB.are plantingC.will plantD.planted答案: B (选择A注意 these weeks 并不表示经常做某事,而是强调这几个星期同学们一直在种树.)3.Must I finish it now?-- No, you ________.A.mustn’tB. needn’tC.can’tD. shouldn’t 答案: B (选择A的同学要注意mustn’t意思指不允许, needn’t指的是不必要.)4.Though
it’s cloudy now, it _________ get sunny later.A.can B.may C. mustD.need答案: B ( 选C的同学要注意语境, 这里强调过些时候也许会晴天, 表示推测性.)5.It is in the library, you _______ talk loudly.A.may notB.can’tC. needn’tD.mustn’t答案: D ( 选择B的同学要注意中文的干扰.can’t表示不能 够。)6.If anyone wants to say something in class, you ________ put up your hands first.A. mustB.mayC. shouldD.can答案: A ( 选其他三个选项的同学要注意语境，anyone暗示出语 气。表明是一个规定，而不是建议。)7.– I called you last night but no one answered the phone.-- I ________ dinner with my friends in the restaurant.A. haveB.hadC. was havingD.have
中考英语重点语法解析 一．英语语法重点与难点 1、as…as…结构：你和汤姆是一样好的孩子。 You’re a boy as good as Tom.=You’re as good a boy as Tom. 2、(1)too…to与so…that sb. can’t…的句型转换：前者为简单句，主语只有一个，而后者为复合句，主语有两个，试比较： The man was too angry to be able to speak. The man was so angry that he wasn’t able to speak. (2) too…to…与not enough to句型的转换： He is too young to get married.=He is not old enough to get married. The book is too difficult for me to read.= The book is not easy enough for me to read. 3、形容词原级表示比较级含义： 约翰不象迈克那么苯。 John is not so stupid as Mike. John is less stupid than Mike. John is cleverer than Mike. 4、用比较级表示最高级：约翰是班里最高的男生。 John is taller than any other boy in the class. John is the tallest boy in the class. 5、the more….. the more….表示“越……越……”: The more books you read, the wider your knowledge is.
英语时态讲解 【注】构成时态的助动词be (is, am, are), have (has), shall, will 等需根据主语的变化来选择。时态是英语中一个重要的语法范畴，它表示不同时间发生的动作或存在的状态以及动作发生或存在的方式。动作发生的时间可分为现在、过去、将来和过去将来四种形式，动作发生的方式可分为一般、完成、进行和完成进行四种形式。将时间形式和动作方式结合起来，就构成了以下 英语的时态是靠动词的变化和时间状语来表达的。英语中的时态共有十六种，但是常考的或较常用的只有9种。要掌握英语的时态和语态，必须掌握好英语中的助动词(do, be, have)和时间状语这两个核心问题。 1、一般现在时 主要用来表示人、事物的现在状况和特点；表示经常或习惯性的动作，句子中常有often, always, from time to time 等时间状语；表示客观规律和永恒真理等。 H e usually goes to work at 7 o’clock every morning. 他每天7点上班。 2、现在进行时 表说话时或目前一段时间内正在进行的活动：或表感情色彩，加强语气。与频率副词，如always，constantly，continually，again等连用表示说话人的某种感情色彩（赞叹、厌烦、埋怨等）。 We are having English class.
我们正在上英语课。 3、现在完成时 表示动作发生在过去，完成在过去，但强调与现在情况仍有联系，其结果或影响仍存在。 They have lived in Beijing for five years. 他们在北京已经住了5年了。 4．一般过去时 表在过去某个特定时间发生且完成的动作，或过去习惯性动作，不强调对现在的影响，只说明过去。常跟明确的过去时间连用，如：yesterday; last week; in 1945, at that time; once; during the war; before; a few days ago; He used to smoke a lot. 他过去抽烟比较厉害。 5. 过去进行时 表示过去某个时间点或某段时间内正在发生的动作。 Beijing was hosting the 29th Olympic Games in August 2008. 在2008年8月，北京正在举行29届奥运会。 6. 过去完成时 表示过去某个时间之前已经完成的动作，即过去完成时的动作发生在“过去的过去”，句中有明显的参照动作或时间状语，这种时态从来不孤立使用( before, after, by, up till ) They finished earlier than we had expected. 他们提前完成了（工作）。 7. 一般将来时 表在将来某个时间会发生的动作或情况。常和tomorrow, next year, in 2008等表示将来的时间状语连用。 I am leaving for Beijing tomorrow. 我明天就要离开北京。 8、将来进行时 表将来某个时间正在发生的动作，或按计划一定会发生的事情。 I’ll be doing my homework this time tomorrow. 明天这会我正在写作业。 9、将来完成时 表在将来某时刻之前业已完成的事情，时间状语非常明显。常用的时间状语一般用by+将来的时间。如：by the end of this year, by 8 o’clock this evening, by March next year以及由by the time…, before或when等引导的副词从句。 By the end of next month, he will have traveled 1000 miles on foot. 到下个月底，他步行将达到1000英里。 英语共有十六个时态、四个体。（注：四个体为——一般、进行、完成、完成进行。） 英语中的四个体相当于法语、西班牙语以及所有印欧语系罗曼语族中的式，如：直陈式，命令式等。
最新中考英语语法填空易错点汇总及练习测试题经典1 一、初三中考语法填空（含答案详细解析） 1．He was ________ （mention） in the letter. 【答案】 mentioned 【解析】【分析】句意：他在这封信里被提到了。mention是及物动词，根据句子机构可知是被动语态，be已经给出，行为动词使用过去分词mentioned，故答案是mentioned。【点评】考查一般过去时，注意动词过去式的变化规则。 2．语法填空 The British love sending text messages. They________（send）more than 2.5 billion messages every month. And most people now understand the language of text, with its numbers and missing letters. In fact, when a student at a Scottish school wrote the whole article "in txt", his/her teacher________（give）him/her "C+4 f4t"（"C+for effort"）. Although texting is a cheap way of________in touch with your friends, it can also bring problems. In 2005, a British teenager became the________（one）person in the world to receive treatment for an addiction（沉）to text messaging. In one year, the nineteen-year-old spent about ￡4, 5005________ texts. For some people, text messaging has ________（change）their lives. For example, James Trusler from Sussex in England travels around the world taking part in texting competitions and TV shows. He's the world's________（fast）texter and recently set a new world record while he________（appear）on Australian TV. He texted, "The razor-toothed piranhas of the genera Serraslmus and Pygocentrus are the most ferocious freshwater fish in the world. In reality they seldom attack humans."________took him 67 seconds. James sends a lot of text messages-about 2, 500 a month. But he doesn't get big bills ________（because）he works for a large mobile phone company！ 【答案】 send；gave；staying；first；on；changed；fastest；was appearing；It；because 【解析】【分析】这篇短文讲述的是在英国很多人喜欢发短信，在发短信时使用的一些数字和省略的单词形式，现在很多人也都能看明白了。发短信是一种比较便宜的方式，但同时也能带来问题，它甚至还改变了一些人的生活。 （1）句意：英国人喜欢发短信。他们每月发送超过25亿条短信。根据every month，可知时态是一般现在时，主语是they复数，故谓语是动词原形，故填send。 （2）句意：事实上，当苏格兰学校里的一个学生在整篇文章里写文本语言的时候，他的老师会给他一个C+ for effort（这也是一种文本语言）。根据when a student at a Scottish school wrote 可知从句时态是一般过去时，give的过去式是gave，故填gave。 （3）句意：虽然发短信是一个和你的朋友们保持联系的比较便宜的方式，但是它也能带来问题。stay in touch with，固定搭配，与......保持联系，of是介词其后是动名词，故填staying。 （4）句意：句意：在2005年，英国的一个青少年成为了世界上第一个因为沉溺于发短信而接受治疗的人。根据the定冠词可知此处是序数词，first，第一，是序数词，故填first。
初中英语语法八大时态 1.结构 肯定句式: 主语+动词原形/动词的第三人称单数+其他 否定句式: 主语+（助动词）don't/doesn't +动词原形+其他 一般疑问句式: Do/Does+主语+动词原形+其他 简略回答: (肯)Yes,主语+do/does (否)No,主语+do/does not 缩写形式: don't = do not doesn't = does not 例句：He often goes swimming in summer. I usually leave home for school at 7 every morning. 2.用法 1）表示经常的、习惯性的动作或存在的状态，常与表示频度的副词连用。 常用的频度副词有：always、often、usually、seldom、never、sometimes, every week (day, year, month…), once a week, on Sundays.频度副词在句中通常放在行为动词之前，系动词、助动词之后。 例如: He often goes swimming in summer. I usually leave home for school at 7 every morning. 2）表示主语具备的性格、特征和能力等。 例如：All my family love football . My sister is always ready to help others . Ann writes good English but does not speak well. 3)表示客观真理、客观存在、自然现象。 例如：The earth moves around the sun. Shanghai lies in the east of China. 4）表示按计划或安排好的，或将要发生的动作，可用一般现在时表将来。 但只限于start,begin,leave,go,come,arrive,return,take place等。 例如：The train leaves at six tomorrow morning. He comes back tonight. 5）在复合句中，当主句是一般将来时，时间或条件状语从句的谓语动词只能用一般现在时来表示将来要发生的动作。 例如：I'll tell him the news when he comes back. If you take the job , they will talk with you in greater details. 1.结构 肯定句式: 主语+动词过去式+其他 否定句式: 主语+（助动词）didn’t +动词原形+其他 一般疑问句式: Did+主语+动词原形+其他
中考英语语法讲解资料及练习目录 第1讲：名词...................................................................................................1-3 第2讲：代词....................................................................................................3-5 第3讲：形容词.................................................................................................5-7 第4讲：副词....................................................................................................7-10 第5讲：动词..................................................................................................10-12 第6讲：不定式..............................................................................................12-13 第7讲介词....................................................................................................13-17 第8讲：连词..................................................................................................17-21 第9讲：时态(一) (22) 第10讲：时态(二).......................................................................................22-28 第11讲：被动语态........................................................................................28-30 第12讲：句子种类（一） (30) 第13讲：句子种类（二）............................................................................30-32 第14讲：宾语从句........................................................................................32-33 第15讲：状语从句........................................................................................33-35 第16讲：就近原则........................................................................................35-36