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中考英语语法基本总结.

中考英语语法基本总结.
中考英语语法基本总结.

中考语法总结

第一部分:词法

中考考点一、名词

一、名词的复数:

1.名词变复数的规则形式

1).一般情况下直接加s book------books cup-----cups 2).以辅音字母+y结尾的,先变y为i再加es .

city-------cities

family-----families

3).以s、x、sh、ch结尾的加es .

bus-----buses wish------wishes watch------wathes

4).以o结尾的多数加S 初中阶段只有三个单词加es .

tomato-----tomatoes

potato------potatoes hero-----heroes 5).以f、fe 结尾的,先把f、fe变v 再加es .

leaf----leaves self---selves shelf----shelves life----lives thief---thieves

2.少数名词的复数形式是不规则的。man----men woman---women child----children foot-----feet tooth----teeth mouse---mice

3.单数和复数形式相同。

deer---deer fish----fish sheep----sheep Chinese ----Chinese Japanese---Japanese

4.某国人的复数。

1). 中、日不变。Chinese----Chinese Japanese---Japanese

2). 英、法变。Englishman----Englishmen

Frenchman----Frenchmen

3). 其余s加后面。American -----Americans German----Germans Australian---Australians

二、不可数名词:

1.不可数名词:

1).不能直接用数字表数量2).不能直接加a或an 3).没有复数形式4).可用some、any 、lots of、plenty of 、much 修饰5).可用“量词短语”表示

2.不可数名词的数量的表示方法:

a / 数字+ 量词+ of + 不可数名词

a piece of paper a cup of tea a glass of milk

三、名词的所有格:

1. ’s 所有格。

1).用and连接两个并列的单数名词表示

共有关系时,这时只在最后一个名词后加“’s.”

This is ____________________(Mary and Lily) bedroom .

2). 1).用and连接两个并列的单数名词表示各有关系时,这时分别在每个名词后加“’s.”

These are ________________(Tom and Jack ) school bags .

3).以s结尾的名词,变所有格时在s后加“’”,不以s 结尾的复数名词,仍加“’s”

Teachers’ Day Children’s Day

4).表示店铺、医院、诊所、住宅等名称时,常在名词后加’s 代表全称。

at the doctor’s at the Bob’s

5).由some、any、no、every与one、body 结合的复合不定代词something 、anything 等和else 连用时,所有格应加在else的后面。

This is _________________(somebody else ) pencil .

6).表示时间、距离、国家、城市等无生命的名词,也可在词尾加’s 来构成所有格。

an hour’s ride two weeks’ time China’s capital

2.of 所有格:

1).of 用来表示无生命的名词所有格。the map of China the door of the room

2).双重所有格:

of + 名词所有格of + 名词性

的物住代词

He is a friend of my _________(brother ) .

Is she a daughter of __________(you)?

四、名词作句子成分:

1.名词作主语

1).表示时间、金钱、距离作主语时,谓语动词用单数。

Two hours ________(be) enough for us to get there .

2).量词短语“数字+量词+ of +…”作主语时,谓语动词应与量词保持一致。

A pair of shoes _______(be) under the bed .

Two pieces of paper _______(be) on the desk .

3).名词+介词(with、except 、along with …….)+名词作主语时,谓语动词

应与前面的名词保持一致。

The teacher with the students _________(be) planting trees on the hill .

4).短语“neither…nor…、either…or…、not only…but also …”连接主语时,谓语动词实行就近原则。

Neither he nor I ______ (be) a Frenchman .

2.名词作定语:

1).名词作定语时,一般用单数形式。There is a shoe factory near the school .

2).名词作定语时,个别情况用复数形式。(sport )

The sports meeting will be held next week .

3).man、woman 作定语表示性别时,man、woman随后面的名词单复数而变。one man teacher two women

teachers

中考考点二:冠词的用法

考查重点

冠词的考查重点包括不定冠词a和an的用法,定冠词the的用法和零冠词的用法等。

一.a和an的区别

不定冠词有a和an两种形式,a用于辅音(不是辅音字母)开头的词前,an用于元音(不是元音字母)开头的词前。

例如:a boy, a university, a European country; an hour, an honor, an island, an elephant, an umbrella, an honest man ,a useful book

不看字母看读音,不见原因(元音)别施恩(n)

二.不定冠词的用法

1.泛指某一类人、事或物;相当于any,这是不定冠词a/an的基本用法。

A horst is an animal

2.泛指某人或某物,但不具体说明何人或何物。

A girl is waiting for you.

3.表示数量,有“一”的意思,但数的概念没有one强烈。

I have a computer.

4.表示“每一”,相当于every.

I go to school five days a week.我一周上五天课。

5.用在序数词前,表示“又一”,“再一”。

I have three books. I want to buy a fourth one.

6.用在某些固定词组中:

a lot(of), after a while ,a few ,a little ,at a time ,have a swim ,have a cold ,in a hurry ,for a long time,have a good time ,have a look

三.定冠词的用法

1.特指某(些)人或某(些)物,这是定冠词的基本用法。

The book on the desk is mine

2.指谈话双方都知道的人或事物。Open the window, please.

3.指上文已经提到的人或事物。

I have a car. The car is red.

4.指世界上独一无二的事物。

Which is bigger, the sun or the earth?

5.用在序数词,形容词最高级前。

The first lesson is the easiest one in this book.

6.用在由普通名词构成的专有名词前。

the Great Wall 长城,the United States 美国

7.用在某些形容词前,表示某一类人。the poor穷人, the blind盲人

8用在姓氏复数形式前,表示“全家人”或“夫妻俩”。

the Greens 格林一家或格林夫妻俩

9.用在方位词前。

on the left在左边,in the middle of在中间

10.用在乐器名称前。

She plays the piano every day.

11.用在表示海洋,河流,山脉,群岛及国家和党派等名词前。

the Black Sea黑海,the Yangzi River长江

12.用在某些固定词组中:

all the same仍然;all the time一直;at the moment此刻;at the same time同时;by the way顺便说;do the shopping/washing 买东西/洗衣服;in the morning/afternoon/evening 在上午/下午/晚上;in the open air 在户外,在野外

四.零冠词的用法

1.棋类,球类,一日三餐名词前不用任何冠词

Play chess play football have supper

特例:当football,basketball指具体的某个球时,其前可以用冠词:I can see a football.我可以看到一只足球。Where’s the football?那只足球在哪儿?(指足

球,并非“球类运动”)

2.季节,月份,星期,节假日名词前不用任何冠词.

In July in summer on Monday on Teachers’ Day

3.人名,地名,国家名前不加冠词

Beijing is the capital of China

4.学科,语言,称呼,语职务名词前不用冠词

Math is hard to learn

5.复数名词表示类别时不加冠词

They are workers I like eating apples

6.名词前已有物主代词(my,your,his,her等)、指示代词(this/these,that/those)、不定代词(some,any等)及所有格限制时,不用冠词

my book(正);my the book(误)

7.在表特定的公园,街道,车站,桥,学校等之前。

No.25 Middle School

五.用与不用冠词的差异

in hospital住院/in the hospital在医院里

in front of在…(外部的)前面/in the front of在…(内部的)前面

at table进餐/at the table在桌子旁

by sea乘船/by the sea在海边

go to school(church…)上学(做礼拜…) /go to the school(church…)到学校(教堂…)去

two of us我们当中的两人/the two of us

我们两人(共计两人)

next year明年/the next year 第二年

a teacher and writer一位教师兼作家(一个人)

/a teacher and a writer一位教师和一位作家(两个人)

中考专题三:代词

一.人称代词:

单数复数

主格宾格主格宾格

第一人称I me we us

第二人称y ou you you you

第三人称i t/she/he it/her/him t hey them 1.主格作主语,宾格作动词或介词的宾

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