名词解释
写作目的(writing purpose)
受众/读者(audience)
构思过程(thought process)
演绎式组织模式(deductive organizational patterns)
归纳式组织模式(inductive organizational patterns)
直接组织模式(direct organizational patterns)
间接组织模式(indirect organizational patterns)
写作修改的3个步骤(three distinct stages of revision: adding on; moving around; cutting out)
管理沟通(managerial communication)
组织沟通(organizational communication)
人际关系与团队建设(human relationships and team building)
销售沟通(sales communication)
商务文件(business documentation)
国际交流（跨文化交际）(international communication/ intercultural communication) 表达式写作(expressive writing)
沟通式写作(communicative writing)
简洁风格(clarity)
简易风格(the plain style)
简明风格(concision)
附件说明信函(cover letters of résumé)
3类求职信函(three general types of cover letters for job applications: the application letter; the prospecting letter; networking letter )
后续询问信函(follow-up letter)
致谢信函(thank-you letter)
谢绝工作回复(job rejection letter)
接受工作回复(job acceptance letter)
辞职信函(resignation letter)
告别信函(farewell letter)
常见履历表格式(common résuméformats)：按年月顺序(chronological résuméformat) 按任职顺序(functional résuméformat) 复合式(combination résuméformat)
简短文件(short document)
信息咨询函(message to obtain information)
谈判便函(messages that negotiate)
说服沟通便函(persuasive messages)
商务便函的特征（8C）：清晰性（clarity）正确性（correctness）具体性（concreteness）完整性（completeness）周到性（consideration）礼貌性（courtesy）简洁性（conciseness）一致性（coherence）
商务备忘录版式(format of a business memo)
商务备忘录功能(function of a business memo)
信函结构(structure of a letter)
信件和信封格式(styles of letter and envelop)
会议纪要(minutes)
逐字记录(verbatim minutes)
决议记录(minutes of resolution)
陈述记录(minutes of narration)
记录内容版式(minutes’content format)
会议议程(meeting agenda)
会议筹划(meeting preparations)
会议程序（3个环节）(meeting process: planning & preparing, conducting, and following-up)
会议后续工作(follow-up activities)
后续文案职责(accountability of follow-ups)
书面发言写作策略(writing strategies for business presentation)
书面发言的材料组织(wring organization for business presentation)
书面发言用语(language used in a presentation)
书面发言避讳用语(language avoided in a presentation)
人际沟通的功能(functions of interpersonal communication)
人际沟通的目的(purpose of interpersonal communication)
人际沟通的4个阶段(four general stages in interpersonal communication)
团队的特征(group characteristics)
团队的角色(group roles)
团队影响力(group influence)
沟通结构(communication structures)
企业前景(vision)
企业使命(mission)
企业价值观(corporate values)
企业目标(goal)
战略计划(strategies)
政策与流程(policies and procedures)
业务流程的构成要素（15个）(content of procedures) 业务流程的版式及内容(format of a procedure)
商务文件的层次结构（3个）(tiers of documentation) ISO 9000质量体系(ISO 9000 Quality System )
议程报告(agenda)
行程安排(itinerary)
费用支出报告(expense reports)
项目进程报告(progress report)
人事评估报告(personnel evaluation)
第一手资料来源(primary sources)
第二手资料来源(secondary sources)
商务蓝皮书(blueprint)
商务计划书(business plan)
战略性计划书(strategic plan)
战术性计划书(tactical plan)
操作性计划书(operational plan)
操作性管理(operational control)
战术性管理(tactical control)
战略性管理(strategic control)
商务背景(business background)
市场计划(marketing plan)
财务预测(financial projections)
行动计划(action plans)
商务提案(business proposal)
内部提案(internal proposal)
外部提案(external proposal)
招标提案(solicited proposal)
非招标提案(unsolicited proposal)
提案写作的简单模式(simple form for proposal writing)
提案写作的复杂模式(detailed form for proposal writing)
外部提案的结构要素（6个）(elements of the external proposal: introduction; problem identified and defined; objective & goal set; solutions proposed; implementation & measuring; costs and timeframe estimated)
内部提案模式的内容版式(content format of internal proposal)
征集提案(Request for Proposal, RFP)
征集启示的基本要素(basic components of a RFP)
提案评估(proposal evaluation)
引证信息(documenting information)
解析数据(interpreting data)
常规商务报告(routine reports)
任务报告(task reports)
条目清单功能(itemized lists)
图表辅助功能(graphic aids)
标题的功能(headings)
协议的本质(essence of a deal)
合同的修订(contractual modifications)
违约与补偿(breach of contract and remedy) 律师费用条款(attorneys fees clause)
合同免责(escape from contract)
第三方签字(third party signature)
合同追加条款(contract rider)
合同授权(authorization)
商务谈判(contract negotiation)
合同起草(contract drafting)
合同实施(execution)
合同终止(closeout)
合同(contract)
合同有效性(validity of contracts)
要约(offer) 接受(acceptance)
法定权力(capacity)
Sales contracts 买卖合同
Contracts for supply of power ,water,gas or heat 供应电、水、气、热力合同Contracts for loan of money 借款合同
Leasing contracts 租赁合同
Financial leasing contracts 承揽合同
Contracts for construction projects建设工程合同
Carriage contracts运输合同
T echnology contracts 技术合同
Safekeeping contracts 保管合同
W arehousing contracts 仓库合同
Agency appointment contracts 委托合同
Trading-trust contracts行纪合同
Brokerage contracts居间合同
大题
1，8C
1．Clarity：keep it short；keep it simple；avoid ambiguity；write in the active voice；avoid or explain technical words；avoid using jargon；get to the point；Write in plain English 2.Correctness：link your ideas；be careful about placement of subordinate
clauses；be sure that a pronoun,a participial phrase, or an appositive refers clearly to the proper subject；Make the subject and verb agree with Each Other, Not with a W ord That Comes between Them；T o join two independent clauses, Use a comma followed by a conjunction, a semicolon alone, or a semicolon followed by a sentence modifier.；Make a right choice of word；W atch out repetitive wording；Put parallel ideas in parallel constructions；3.Concreteness：use concrete words instead of abstract ones；omit qualifiers and vague expressions；use action verbs and concrete nouns；void overusing noun forms of verbs；don't change verbs into nouns；avoid unnecessary double negative；avoid noun strings；take a stand；keep acronyms under control；https://www.doczj.com/doc/258825697.html,pleteness：make it complete by constructing a longer paragraph；use the who-does-what order and avoid padding；provide a clear message；avoid incomplete question；avoid fragment in writing；take an overall view；
5.Consideration：write from the "you" perspective；emphasize the positive；handle the customer's complaint specifically；interact with the addressee in a conversational tone；avoid using inflated language；avoid using quasi-legalisms；use personal reference；use conrractions；
6.Courtesy：show respect；show appreciation；avoid the problem of gender；write professionally ；
7.Conciseness：eliminate"the filler"；omit repetitive wording；replace circumlocutions with direct expressions；use short words；avoid using old fashioned expessions；
8.Coherence
2，Message that Negotiate:1.counter-proposals:counterproposals have two objectives: first, you want to show the reader that his or her original proposal is not fully acceptable, and ,second , you want to persuade the reader to accept your
counterproposals.2.nonnegotiable https://www.doczj.com/doc/258825697.html,plex messages
3.T ypes of meetings: 1.Sharing information and monitoring 2.decision making and problem solving3.creative/idea-generating
4.legislative/administrative
5.advisory
6.social and ceremonial
4.Minutes’content format: 1.main heading 2.time and venue 3.attendance
4.chairperson
5.agenda
6.subtitles
7.record keeper/minutes taker
5.Functions of interpersonal communication:1) Gaining and giving information2) Building a context of understanding 3) Establishing identity 4) Interpersonal needs
6.The dyadic life cycle：the initial stage；the formative stage；the mature stage；the severance stage
7.Presentation types：purpose, audience and methods
8.Writing strategies for business presentation: 1.Choosing a right topic with a clear purpose 2.Adapting your messages to the listeners https://www.doczj.com/doc/258825697.html,ing explicit transitions https://www.doczj.com/doc/258825697.html,ing concrete words and visuals 5.Presenting novel ideas 6.Making analogies 7. Quotations 8.Story-telling 9.Plotting conflict 10. Cutting in humor 11. Keep the material in good taste 12. Allowing for redundancy
9.书面发言注意事项:1.begin with a topic sentence2.limit the number of major points you want to make to 3-4 . 3.recap your ideas or main point Presentation preparing:1.write a script, practice it, and keeo it around for quick-reference during your talk;2.set up an outline of your talk , practice with it , and bring it for reference;3.set up cue cards, practice with them ,and use them during your presentation 4.write a full script and read from it.
10.商务沟通基础：Business communication drawstring draws on information derived form a wide variety of other disciplines, including (but not limited to ) linguistics, semantics , rhetoric , psychology, sociology, graphic design ,management, marketing ,economics ,and information technology.
11.Purpose of the writer：1,Expressive writing: it is personal and informal, employed to encourage comprehension and reflection on the part of writer. 2,Communicative writing: it presupposes that the writer already considerable knowledge and understanding of the topic, and is writing to inform or to persuade a reader.
12.附件说明信函的5大基本目标：Five primary goals of good resumes；Good resumes and resume cover letters must be able to；Cut the clutter；Catch the eye；Sell your skills, Strengths and success ；Direct the reader your way；Get you to the next step；
14.content format of a resume cover：content format of a resume cover: the resume cover should follow the basic content format of a typical business letter and should include three general issues：first paragraph——why you are writing；middle paragraph——what you have to offer ；concluding paragraph——how you will follow；
15.T op 10 resume tips：A page or two to land you a job or an least an interview；Fundamentals do exist；Customization is critical ；Reveal enough to excite；A resume is 99% of the time read by a stranger；Once your basic content is ready；Reevaluate choice of words, sentence structure and language；Spell check,；When you are
presenting hard copies of your resume, make sure you use quality stationery ；Keep copies of he carious customized versions of your resume.；
16.Essential contents of resumes：Good resume having been to combine fact with fantasy. By fact, it means that details provided in resume have been as accurate as possible. By fantasy, it means that the resume is really a representation of you, where you cannot be present. And it must incorporate 7 points: full mane, objective, contact information, qualification, work experience, achievements and date.
17.便函总体结构的4要素：Planning；Organization；Writing and revising；Feedback and continual improvement；
speed writing and shorthand writing training：T o take school/lecture notes as your writing competence；T o use shorthand to enhance your writing speed.；T o develop your own shorthand for spoken information recording.；Use the computer program to facilitate your note-taking job ；
18.沟通过程中的倾听与讲述：Listing；Face the speaker and maintain eye contact；Focus on content, not delivery；Stay active；Be flexible ；A void emotional involvement；Empathy and rapport；Advise properly；Be ready for international communication；
https://www.doczj.com/doc/258825697.html,munication climate：1.In an open communication climate,people perceive communication more accurately and are more willing to communicate honestly.Advantage ：observational. Problem-solving. Y ou-oriented . Equal. Flexible. Clear objectives. Supportive 2.Closed communication climates, on the other hand, discourage communication.
They give people the feeling that they are being judged and criticized Disadvantage：judgmental . Manipulative 3.Long-term organizational success requires that all employees believe that they can express their observations and criticisms to others in the organization,regardless of rank.
20.interpersonal conflict：Defensive attitudes；Supportive attitudes ；Problems in conflict management；Conflict management by management；speak your mind and heart；listen well；express strong feelings appropriately；remain rational for as long as you can；review what has been said；learn to give and take；A void all harmful statements；
21.improving small group communication：1.Advantage and disadvantages of groups
Group decisions result in greater acceptance of the solution than would be obtained without group participation. 2.Importance of ideas No group leader can afford to be an "idea killer".
3.Purpose, planning and organization specifically, the leader is responsible for the following
Notify every one of the time, place, and purpose of each meeting；Stick to the problem；Encourage contributions；Reinforce points of agreement；Adjourn on time；Ensure adequate follow-up by；a ) Providing for a written recordb ) Encourage appropriate further action 4. The meeting Which are designed to ensure the following：Equal rights for all；Rule of the majority；Rights of the minority；Discussion of one item at a time；
22.strategic planning process：getting ready；articulating mission and vision；assessing the situation；developing strategies,objectives and goals；completing the written plan；
23.战略计划的基本要求writing a strategic plan .A good strategic plan should：serve as framework for decision-marking for managers at all levels；Form a basis for more detailed operational plans and procedures；Explain the business to others in order to inform ,instruct ,motivate, and involve；Assist benchmarking and performance monitoring；Inspire and stimulate change and innovation；
A sound strategic plan should include the elements of vision ,mission, values, objective ,strategies, goals ,and programs.
24.documented procedures needed：T o cause people to act in a uniform way and so make processes predictable；T o provide freedom for management and staff to maximize their contribution to the business；T o provide legitimacy and authority for the deeds needed ；T o make responsibility clear and to create the conditions of self-control；T o provide co-ordination for inter-departmental action.；T o improve communication and to provide consistency and predictability in carrying our repetitive tasks.；T o encourage the people involved into thinking a problem through；T o minimize variance and eliminate bottlenecks；T o provide auditable criteria for execution against authorized practice；
25.标准操作程序与工作指南的异同SOPs WIs
SOPs：1.Purpose: For managerial control 2.Scope/Interface: For managers and supervisors, cross-functional, depart-mental interface 3.Definitions: More conceptual/
human relation, less technical 4.Responsibility: More managerial 5.Procedural steps: More flexible 6.Input: Stationery, computer, desk, etc. Need not to be listed 7.Output: Ideas, plan, analysis, process, etc 8.Directions: More general, abstract 9.V isual aids: less 10.Reference material: More managerial&human 11.Level of safety : Lower, need not to be listed
WIs：1.Purpose: For operating control or specific job 2.Scope/Interface: For operators or rank &file, technical interface 3.Definitions: More technical, less conceptual 4.Responsibility: ore technical 5.Procedural steps: More fixed 6.Input: Material & equipment. Must be listed 7.Output: Physical products and service 8.Directions: More specific, concrete 9.V isual aids: more 10.Reference material : More industry-and company specific 11.Level of safety :Higher,must be clearly spelled out
26.商务计划的意义：Business planning:Business planning is a managerial process that helps the organization venture into a new business.It involves managersˊtime, effort and talent to develop various sub-plans at all levels in a company.
27.business planning process：Define the Mission；Conduct a Situation or SWOT Analysis；Set goals and Objectives；Develop Related Strategies；Monitor the Plan；
28.计划书的写作技能与方法/计划书在商务管理中的地位及功能/商务计划书的基本要素elements of a business plan：Cover Page:identifies you and your business, and dates the plan；T able of Contents:makes it easy for readers to find particular item description；Executive Summary:provides a high-level overview of the entire plan that emphasizes the ；facters that you believe will lead to success；Business Backgrand:information of the company；Maketing Plan: SWOT analysis；
Financial Projection:how much does this plan will cost；Action Plan:shows how operational the plan is；Appendix: supplementary material that is collected and appended at the back of this plan；
29.商务提案的成功要素（7个）winning elements of a business proposal：
①.Problem:you must demonstrate that you clearly understang thei business problems,issues,needs,opportunities,or values②.Solutions:after you have written a lead paragragh on the company’s needs aand problems,follow up with a solid presentations of how your business can provide solutions ③.Benefits:all winning business proposals clearly outline for the company the benefits to be gained from doing business with you ④.Credibility:this is often the overlooked portion of a business proposal but all winning proposals glow with credibility⑤.Samples:a business proposals with samples and evidence of your ability to deliver is vital to gaining the winning bid. A small sample of your wok can show your ability to do the job ,and can help your potential customer answer some questions ⑥.T argeted: a winning business proposals is all about communications.speak and write in a language used by your intended audience ⑦.Personlazation:you have to give your potential custumer an proposh which includetheir names and their company’sname 30.商务报告式提案的构成要素feasibility of the proposed project: 1Introduction . 2Background information..3Benetits of the proposal project. 4Method,procedure,theory. 5Schedule. 6Qualifications. 7Costs,resources require. 8Conclusion,special project
31.内部提案的写作要求（10点）internal proposals:Problem；Purpose.；
Adudience；Message；Research；Objectivity；Style；Order；Implementation；As a side note；
32.正式商务报告的结构形式：Prefatory Parts；Cover；Title Fly；Tiltle Page；Letter of Authorization；Letter of Acceptance；Letter of Transmittal；Contents；Abstract；Body of the Report；Introduction；T ext；Summary；Conclusions；Recommendations；Supplemental Parts；Appendix；Bibliography；
33.收集数据、信息的途径gathering information ：Scondary Sources；Primary Sources；Experimentation；Observation；Surveys----A)RandomSampling B)StratifiedRandomSampling C)Systematic Sampling ；Questionnaires-----A)Either-or B)Checklist C)Multiple-choice D)Ranking；Questionnaire；Guidelines；Personal Interviews and Focus Groups；T elephone Interviews ；
34.信息收集在写作环节中的重要地位：Y ou will need to research all the information sources available in preparing the report so that you can make decisions about which sources would be most appropriate.
35.撰写商务报告的6个步骤或环节：Title Page ；Letter of Authorization；Letter of Transmittal；T able of Contents ；T able of Illustrations ；Abstract ；Executive Summary；
36.商务报告的6条质量要求标准Report Quality：Accurate,Reliable and Objective；Guidelines for Writing a Quality Report；Identify---for your reader and for yourself ---statements of fact,inferences and based on face,and value judgment；Use accurate,reliable and objective sources；Use analogies and comparisons to explain and
illustrate,but not to prove；Examine all cause—effect statements for completeness and accuracy；Be specific ；Provide adequate documentation；
商务报告的总体结构形式general structure for reports：Pace ；Lead ；Blend Outcomes；Motivate；
37.合同免责的原因，情形：escape from contract：Mutual or unilateral mistake as to a basic assumption upon which the contract was made；Misrepresentation of facts inducing one of the parties to enter the contact；Duress inducing one of the parties to enter the contact；Lack of capacity to contract (such as infancy ,influence of drugs,alcohol or mental illness)；Unconscionability；V ilolation of a public policy；Absence of a writing evidencing formation of the contract if the contract laws and government regulations require such a writing；Performance of the contracts becomes impossible or extremely difficult or costly by virtue of events occurring after the contract is formed；The principle purpose of the contract is substantially frustrated by virtue of events occurring after the contract is formed；
38签约前活动contracting activities before signing：Delegation,contract plan,negotiation,contract-drafting,and review and approval
39.签约后活动contracting activities after signing：Execution,review and monitor,communication and correspondence,customer complaint handling,filing,closeout
40.合同清单contract checklist：①Names and addresses of all parties involved,and place of entering into this agreement,②A short description and mission statement of all concerned parties③a statement summarizing the desired role of the contracted
party④a classification of the business relationship⑤a detailed description of what each party promises to provide⑥a timetable of when the work is to be performed or the products to be delivered or sold;⑦location of when the work is to be performed⑧the duration of the contract⑨payment method and schedule⑩opportunities for increases in financial remuneration 11 insurance coverage provided and required 12,guarantees 13,fianancial obligations of the contracted party 14 conditions for termination of the agreement 15 guidelines for transfer of the contract16who retains custody of the client 17 arbitration 18who is responsible for legal fees if a breach of contract occurs19the location and contact to send communications regardingthe contract 20 signature lines and date the contract is signed
41.Agenda ：sometimes called an order of business, is a list of topic arranged in the order they are to be discussed at a meeting.
42.Minutes：are the official record of a meeting. The format may vary from organization to organization to organization, but the content and order are standard. 43.An itinerary: is a combination of travel and appointment schedules.
商务英语写作技巧 How to Become a Good Writer and Particularly, Business Writer Writing is not an easy task，一位优秀的作者总是发现连写满一页纸都是一件困难的事，因为每句字词的组织都花费心力、每个语气都须反复斟酌。词汇、语法和风格的正确性是基础，但还有更多是超越这些基础之外的，比如say what you think and reach for the best word。 写作是输出，它已经相距思想跳跃了一步。一位思想者可能不是一位优秀的写作者，正如孔子、苏格拉底的思想都须他们的学生记录。A good writer is a writer who does not say more than he thinks：他/她能用最熟悉简单的语言，最精确地传递思想，没有歧义，也没有冗长拖沓，段落干净整洁，读来流畅自然。一位优秀的作者也不会过分使用时髦的词语
（overuse of vogue words），这就像一位摩托车手不会时刻按新装上的喇叭一样，因为时髦的词语通常总与深邃的思想相矛盾，也可能只折射出骄傲自大（pretentiousness），它会削弱对内容的把握。 细节总是competent (有能力的）writer 注意的，他们会检视写下的内容，看自己作为读者能否理解自己全部想要说的，同时也看内容是否完整、是一个整体。他们有时会联想、会发明，甚至有时候写出的东西跳出了原先的预期，边写就边自行发展了，这也就是“the book writes itself”的境界。 当然，他们也懂得叙述展开与清楚明了的界限，能够将最难理解的部分用最简单的文字表达，也不会让不该出现的思绪不知不觉地渗透到字里行间（sifting in unnoticed），和差的作者相比，他们的突出点在于是思想的控制者、组织者，sorting it out later而不是任其泛滥。
商务英语写作复习题 1．建立业务关系的信函 ●信息来源（告知对方你是从何渠道了解到对方的） ●对你的公司做简单介绍（公司的业务范围，稍稍“宣传”一下你公司的 产品和服务。 ●写信的目的（你想与对方做什么生意，比如，想购买对方的产品，推 销你自己的产品，想与对方建立合资公司等）。 ●表达与对方合作和早日收到回复的愿望。 Sample Letter May 10, 2003 Dear Sirs, We have obtai ned the name and address of your corporation from the Commercial Counselor’s Office of your Embassy in our country, through whom we learned that you are the manufacturers and exporters of bamboo products. We are very pleased to communicate you for the possibility of trading together. We have been in business as importers of general merchandise since 1965 and can particularly boast of having vast and wide experience in the business line of bamboo products. Our bankers are Guarantee Trust bank, Holland, from whom you will be able to get any information you may require concerning our business character and financial standing. We should appreciate it if you would let us know your trade terms and forward us copy of your catalogue or helpful literature and your latest price list. We look forward to the pleasure of hearing from you soon. Yours faithfully 2．订购函 你公司准备向某公司订购一批产品。请你写一封订购信，其内容应
商务英语论文题目 1、论文化因素对英汉翻译的影响 2、商务英语的特点及翻译技巧 3、商务函电翻译的用词技巧 4、商标名称的翻译与策略 5、汉语中新词汇的翻译技巧 6、商务谈判中的语言艺术 7、商务谈判的文化障碍 8、商务英语函电在对外贸易中的作用 9、商务英语函电翻译技巧 10、商务谈判中英语的重要性 11、浅谈商务英语写作时避免修饰语错位的方法 12、礼仪在商务谈判中的作用 13、浅谈涉外合同英语特色 14、电子商务对国际贸易的影响及对策 15、商务谈判的艺术性 16、跨文化的商务谈判 17、商务英语交往中的礼貌原则 18、如何翻译好日常商务文书 19、商务英语信函的语体分析 20、浅谈商务信函的文体特征 21、英语商务信函和合同中被动语态的语用意义及其翻译 22、商务英语汉英翻译中从句的运用技巧 23、论跨文化因素对商业广告英语翻译的影响 24、跨文化商务交际中的语言和非语言因素 25、浅谈英语告示语的语言特色与翻译 26、商务英语阅读研究 27、商务英语写作问题研究 28、商务英语考试技巧研究 29、商务英语听力策略研究 30、英语口语或语法在商务领域中的应用 31、商务函电交流研究 32、商务英语学习方法 33、跨文化交际与中西文化冲突 34、国际商务中的跨文化交际问题 35、商务谈判中的跨文化冲突 36、国际商务谈判中应注意的文化因素 37、国际商务谈判中的“文化壁垒” 38、广告英语的分类及分析 39、虚拟语气与商务英语表达 40、跨文化交际在商务英语学习中的运用 41、商务英语学习中跨文化交际能力的培养 42、商务英语在国际营销中的作用
43、术语在国际商务中的重要性 44、商务谈判语言技巧 45、浅析跨文化交际中的商务礼仪 46、例析论网络环境下商务英语的拓展学习模式 47、浅析商务英语汇商务英语中俚语的风格及翻译 48、商务英语教学中英语知识与商务知识的关系 49、商务英语中以谓语动词为中心的基本句型的翻译 50、商务英语的语言特色探讨 51、反译法在商务英语中的应用 52、奈达“等值”理论于商务英语翻译中的理解和应用 53、商务英语中的平行结构及其翻译方法 54、语用原则在商务英语应用中的度范畴 55、商务英语语篇文体特征分析 56、商务英语常用单词的多义现象例析 57、商务英语中的委婉表达及其翻译 58、商务英语翻译中的跨文化因素 59、商务英语中书面语言的文体特征及语用分析 60、社会文化迁移对中国式英语的影响 61、英语写作中常见中式英语分析 62、汉译英中遇到新词语的译法问题 63、美国英语习语与文化 64、中美日常交际中的文化差异 65、中西方文化差异及语言体现 商务英语论文题目|商务英语毕业论文题目参考 一、英语论文基本格式 1、毕业论文结构包括：主标题、论文摘要、正文（一般不少于5000字）、注释、参考书目，注释统一用尾注。 2、板式：毕业论文一律用计算机打印。（使用A4规格打印，每页30行） 二、阅读类参考题目以下参考题目对应的范文请到VIP留学生论文网下载，如需原创论文需与在线辅导老师沟通。 1、持续性交际法对商务英语学习者口语和写作能力提高的研究分析 2、商务英语文体学分析 3、语篇功能对等视角的商务英语翻译 4、高职商务英语专业实践课程开发 5、关联理论在商务英语阅读教学中的应用 6、成人商务英语教学中学生自主学习能力的培养 7、功能对等理论视角下的商务英语翻译 8、中职商务英语教学中跨文化交际意识的培养 9、论商务英语翻译中的文化转向 10、职前学生商务英语词汇教学法探索 11、商务英语中模糊语言的应用及其语用分析 12、从目的论角度看国际商务英语翻译的质量评估 13、高职院校商务英语精读教学中的任务型教学法 14、词典类型对翻译与习得商务英语新词作用的实证研究
商务英语之订单最常用句子 我们想订你们的货，今天会寄上正式的订单。 1. We'd like to order your products. We'll send our official order today. 你是否收到了我们订电话机的订单？ 2. Did you get our order for your telephones? 我们发现贵公司的订单最近逐渐减少了，对吗？ 3. We've noticed that your orders have been falling off lately, haven't you? 那是因为我们转向成衣生意的缘故。 4. That's because we have switched to made-up goods market. 目前有什么我可以代您订购的吗？ 5. Is there anything I can book for you now? 现在我们能向你订购的只有棉织品。 6. What we can order from you right now are cotton goods. 你可以告诉我货名和数量吗？ 7. Can you let me have the name and quantities? 除非你方三月订货，否则我们无法6月送货。 8. Unless you order in March, we won't be able to deliver in June. 我准备向你们订货，但是唯一的条件是，货物只限卖给芬兰的公司。
9. I'm ready to place an order with you, but only one condition is that the goods are confined to Finland. 前寄样品必须在8月底以前到达伦敦，否则所订货物都将无效。 10. Advanced samples must arrive in London before the end of August; otherwise the goods are useless. 我们可以修改一下29734号订单吗？ 11. Can we make a change on order No. 29734? 我们想增加99725号订单上AR-26的数量。 12. We want to increase the number of AR-26s on order No. 99725. 商务旅行必备48句经典句型 1 Do I have to make a reconfirmation? 我还要再确认吗? 2 Is there any earlier one? 3 Could you tell me my reservation number, please? 请你告诉我我的预订号码好吗? 4 Can I get a seat for today's 7:00 a.m train? 我可以买今天上午7点的火车票吗? 5 Could you change my flight date from London to Tokyo? 请你更改一下从伦敦到东京的班机日期好吗? 6 Is there any discount for the USA Railpass?
商务英语公司简介填写模版 使用方法：按照括号中提示填写相应的英文即可。 模版A： Established in (成立年份), (公司英文名称) is a manufacturer (生产兼贸易，可用manufacturer and trader) specialized in the research, development and production of (公司主打产品). We are located in (公司所在城市), with convenient transportation access.All of our products comply with international quality standards and are greatly appreciated in a variety of different markets throughout the world. If you are interested in any of our products or would like to discuss a custom order, please feel free to contact us. We are looking forward to forming successful business relationships with new clients around the world in the near future. 对应中文翻译： ABC公司成立于XX年，专业生产XXX产品，集产品研发和生产于一体。我公司地处XX 市，交通便利。我司所有产品采用国际质量标准，产品远销海外，享誉海内外众多市场。 如果贵司对我们任一款产品有意或有订单意向，欢迎随时联系我们。我们期待与全球客户携手合作，共创未来。 模版B： Established in （成立年份）, （公司英文名称）is a professional manufacturer and exporter that is concerned with the design, development and production of(行业产品). We are located in (公司所在城市), with convenient transportation access.All of our products comply with international quality standards and are greatly appreciated in a variety of different markets throughout the world. We have over (员工人数) employees, boast an annual sales figure that exceeds USD (销售额) and currently export(出口比例) of our production worldwide. Our well-equipped facilities and excellent quality control throughout all stages of production enable us to guarantee total customer satisfaction. As a result of our high quality products and outstanding customer service, we have gained a global sales network reaching(主要出口国家). If you are interested in any of our products or would like to discuss a custom order, please feel free to contact us. We are looking forward to forming successful business relationships with new clients around the world in the near future. ABC公司成立于XX年，专业生产和出口XXX产品，集产品设计、研发和生产于一体。我公司地处XX市，交通便利。我司所有产品采用国际质量标准，产品远销海外，享誉海内外众多市场。
欢迎各位员工及家属参与。 All staff and their family members are welcome. 董事会将于8月4号星期五下午3点在1131室召开会议。 The board of directors will be conducting a meeting at 3 p.m on Friday ,august 4 in room 1131 我们的门诊政策有所变动，希望大家注意。 There has been a change in our clinic sercice policy which we would like to bring to your attention. This Wednesday’s regular meeting announced the establishment of Research and Development Department. 这个周三的公司例会宣布成立公司研发部。 Call zhang wen at 2397884 for more detailed information. 有关详情请联系张文，电话2397884 We wish to take this opportunity to thank you for being coopertive. 借此机会感谢大家的配合。 We very much hope that you will be able to attend our wedding ceremony and look forward to meeting you on 22 november. 我们非常希望你能参加我们的结婚典礼，希望能在11月22号那天见到你。 Mr .and mrs michael garwood request the honor of your presence at an gardon party to celebrate their daughter’s graduation from college。michael garwood 夫妇很荣幸能邀请您参加庆祝他们女儿大学毕业的花园聚会。 You and your family members are cordially invited to attend the pwc annual ball. 盛情邀请您和家人参加pwc的周年舞会 希望您能接受邀请，并在7月23日之前回复. l hope you will accept the invitation and reply before 23rd july. 晚宴开始前在209室会有茶点，欢迎前往。 Tea and cakes will be served before the evening dinner in room 209.welcome to join us. Please remit payment withhin ten days so that you can maintain your credit rating 请于10天内汇款，以维持你的信用等级。 Althought abc company has reserved the clubhouse for saturay ,we can instead offer you our conference room,which seats 60. 虽然ABC公司已预订在星期六使用会所，但是我们仍能为您提够60人的会议室。 You will be glad to know that your request for reimbursement for travel expense is granted. 您要求报销差旅费的请求已被批准，相信您一定很高兴得知这一消息。 Customers will be provided with the best service owing to our long experience in the catering business. 凭借在饮食业的丰富经验，我们能为顾客提供最好的服务。 We have noticed in your letter that the damages to five chairs in shipment were found. 从您的来信得知，已发现5把椅子在装运过程中受到损坏。 我们希望本月底以前收到您应付的金额。 We hope to receive the amount due by the end of this month. 我们希望你们能对货物满意，并期待收到你们更多的订单。 We hope you are satisfied with our goods,and look forward to receiving your future orders. 对于任何不便之处我们再次表示感谢。 We apologize again for any inconvenience.
架起涉外沟通的桥梁: 实用商务英语写作 Contents 目录 Part 1概述 (An Overview) 常用商务文件类型 ( Categories of Commonly Used Business Documents) Part 2 写作要点解析 1.公司概况(节选) (Corporate Overview) 2. 简历 (Resume/CV) 3. 会议纪要 (Minutes of Meeting/MOM) 4. 授权书 (LOA/POA) 5. 实习证明 (Certificate of Internship) 6. 招标邀请书(IFB)与投标函(Bid Cover Letter) 7. 感谢信 (Letter of Acknowledgement) 8. 电子邮件(E-mails) 附:银行保函 (Bank Guarantee) Part 3 练习题
Part 1 概述 (An Overview) 常用商务文件类型 (Commonly Used Business Documents) ●报告/说明类 ---Corporate Overview (公司概况) ---Prospectus (招股说明书) ---Resume/CV (简历) ---ITB (投标须知) ---Reports (报告,如,周报,月报,年报) ---Notice (通知) ---Request (请示) ●契约类 ---Contract (合同) ---Agreement (协议) ---Letter of Intent (意向书) ---M inutes of Meeting (会议纪要) ---Framework Agreement (框架协议) ---Memorandum of Understanding (MOU )备忘录 ●证明类 ---Power of Attorney (授权书) ---Letter of Authorization (授权书) ---Notarization (公证书) ---Certificate of internship (实习证明) ●商务信函类 (business letters ) ?日常生活方面 ---offer letter (录用函) ---letter of invitation (邀请函) ---letter of recommendation (推荐信)
Establishment of Correspondent Relationship Letter 1 (Letter from a Foreign Bank Suggesting the Establishment of Correspondent Relationship) We are a bank recently incorporated and established in the CCC Republic, wholly owned by citizens of the CCC Republic. We commenced our operation on Sept. 7, 1965 with a capital of US$ 10,000,000.00 fully paid. We have been receiving a number of requests from our customers to open irrevocable letters of credit or
to make remittances by mail and by cable in favour of beneficiaries in China. Until now we have been advising these transactions to you through our London correspondent, DEF Bank Ltd. , who has been acting as our reimbursing bank. Accordingly, it has long been our intention to establish direct correspondent relations with you in order to facilitate the handling of the above-mentioned transactions. Should this be agreeable to you, we will arrange for our Authorized Signatures and Telegraphic Test Key to be forwarded to you. We should be grateful if you would inform us too of the names of the banks to whom you would want us to remit the cover for our transactions, particularly for those expressed in Pound Sterling, U. S. dollars and Swiss francs. In order to acquaint you with the
《商务英语写作》教学大纲 一、课程性质、任务和基本要求 1．课程性质 《商务英语写作》是商务英语专业的专业核心课程，也是文秘、国贸等涉外专业的重要选修课程，旨在培养学生英语五项技能中的英语写作能力。此课程涵盖了商务英语基本写作类型、写作规、写作格式和写作方法，课程容与现实商务生活紧密结合，既提供各种实例，又设计了一体化的实训，训练学生用英语有条理地组织商务信息，起草规得体、条理清晰的商务文书，合理利用商务交流中的礼节和技巧，建立有效的商务沟通。 2．课程任务 开设本课程旨在使学生对商务情景中最常见和最常用的各种应用文的用途及格式有一个总的了解，使其不仅能熟悉商务文体的各种惯用英文表达法，而且能广泛增加有关商务知识，并在模拟及实景中运用这些知识进行商务交际。 3．基本要求： 充分利用教材中的商务材料以及老师所给的案例，并结合所学商务知识，与现实商务活动进行多种形式的联系，提高学生对各种商务写作材料的准确理解和把握。经过反复学习、模仿和套用，掌握商务应用文的书写规律和方法，逐渐学会撰写各类商务应用文，力求语言正确，表达得体，在实际操作中活学活用。 二、学时分配建议 本课程教学总时数为66课时，具体学时分配可参见下表。 学时分配建议表
三、教学目标： 1．课程能力目标： （1）能够根据招聘广告并结合个人实际情况，熟练撰写英语求职信、应聘信、求职追踪信和个人简历等求职类文书 （2）能够运用商务交际中的礼节和技巧，撰写英语邀请函、感信、祝贺信等常见社交类文书 （3）能够规地起草英语启示、通知、备忘录、商务报告、会议纪要等常用公务文书（4）能够比较规地撰写英语名片、简章、商品使用说明书、推销函等主要商务宣传文书 （5）能够正确、得体地处理询盘信、发盘信、还盘信、订单与合同等常规外贸商务函电。 2．课程知识目标 （1）掌握英文求职信、应聘信和个人简历的基本格式和主要容； （2）了解英文书信的基本格式和不同书信类型的写作特点；
商务英语常用句型40句 大家在商务英语写作的时候一定会为用哪些句型烦恼吧，下面小编为你分享商务英语常用句型吧！ 1. I am writing to confirm /enquire/inform you… 我写信是要确认/询问/通知你… 2. I am writing to follow up on our earlier decision on the marketing campaign in Q2. 我写信来追踪我们之前对于第二季度营销活动的决定。 3. With reference to our telephone conversation today… 关于我们今天在电话中的谈话... 4. In my previous e-mail on October 5… 先前在10月5日所写的信… 5. As I mentioned earlier about… 如我先前所提及关于… 6. As indicated in my previous e-mail… 如我在先前的信中所提出… 7. As we discussed on the phone… 如我们上次在电话中的讨论… 8. From our decision at the previous meeting… 如我们在上次会议中的决定… 9. As you requested/per your requirement… 按照你的要求… 10.In reply to your e-mail dated April 1，we decided… 回答你在4月1日写的信，我们决定… 11.This is in response to your e-mail today.
I Fashion Co.Ltd. 6 2 1 – 1 2 # Student’s Apartment Business College of Shanxi University Taiyuan City, Shanxi Province China 9 May 2011 Mr. Rabbit: Sales Manager Empire Typewriters 190C Happy Street New York America Dear Mr. Rabbit Re: Office Furniture Details Thank you for your letter of May 8. We are grateful to you for your interest in our office furniture. In reply to your inquiry in your last letter, we hereby send you our illustrated catalogue and price list with details as follows. 20 Solid Wood Desks @ RMB 1,000 RMB 20,000 20 Office Swivel Chairs @ RMB 300 RMB 6,000 20 Solid Wood Bookcases @ RBM 1500 RMB 30,000 RMB 56,000 Less 15℅ discount for payment within 30days RMB 8,400 TOTAL RMB 47,600 The above quoted price includes transportation and insurance. Please note that this quotation is subject to acceptance within three weeks, we can guarantee delivery five days of receipt of a firm order. We look forward to your order and long-term cooperation with you. Yours sincerely for I FASHION
商务英语写作基础知识 使用日常讲话的方式来写作 Pedantic学究式的Readable日常可用的ascertain find out (发现) aforementioned these (这些) is a result of because (因为) at this point in time now (现在) before long soon (不久) cease stop (停止) commence start, begin (开始) compensate pay (报酬) correspondence letter (信函) demonstrate show (表现) desire want (需要) due to the fact because (因为) during the time that while (当……的时候) elect choose (选择) facilitate ease, help (方便) for the purpose of to (为了) give consideration to consider (考虑) implement do (完成) in close proximity near (靠近) in the future soon (不久) in the event that if (如果) indebtedness debt (欠债) indicate show (表现) in the view of the fact that since (由于) locate find (发现) numerous many (许多) on condition that provided (如果) prior to before (在……之前) purchase buy (购买) rapid fast (快速) reason is because reason is (因为) residence address (住址) subsequent to after (在……之后) subsequently later (之后) sufficient enough (足量)
BEC商务英语写作开头结尾常用句型 第一部分、BEC作文段首句常用句型: 一、对立观点命题形式的首句： 1. Many people do not doubt that A is superior to B , while others think quite differently on the issue of _____. Personally, I stand on the side of A . 2. Some people say A , other people argue B . In a word , _____. But I cannot agree this point of view for many reasons. 3. There are different views concerning this topic . Some people like to CHOOSE A , some prefer to CHOOSE B . Personally , I prefer B . I think B has more advantages. 4. From my point of view , it is more advisable to CHOOSE A than to CHOOSE B . 5. Despite the fact that most people prefer A , I would like to choose B because the following reasons . 6. In general , I prefer to _____ . 7. As far as I am concerned , I would like to prefer _____ . 8. When it comes to _____ , most people tend to believe A . But others consider B as _____ . 9. When asked about _____ , the vast majority of people would support that A . But others regard B as _____ . 10. At the risk of address the issue too direct , I prefer A because I think that _____ . 11. When asked about _____ , many people give their opinions that _____ , but other people may see _____ differently . 12. When faced with _____ , quite a few would claim that _____ , but others , in contrast , deem _____ as _____ .
《商务英语写作》课程教学大纲 课程名称：商务英语写作（英文） Business English Writing 课程性质：必修课适用层次：专升本 学时：80 学分：5 一、课程的作用、地位和任务 1、课程作用 本课程是商务英语/英语（方向：外贸英语）专业的一门重要课程.培养学生掌握商务英语写作的基础知识,商务英语书信的基本格式和写作技能,了解主要的商务英语写作类型, 提高商务英语书面表达能力, 为毕业后成为适应社会需要的应用型涉外商务工作者打下良好的基础。 2、教学方法 以课程讲授、案例分析法和课堂训练法为主, 辅以大量的课外练习。 3、课程学习目标和基本要求 1）学习目标 通过学习商务英语写作, 学生应能独立撰写一般的英语商务函件(包括电子邮件)和简单的业务报告等，意思表达清楚，用词恰当，无重大语法错误。 2）基本要求 能够熟练使用基本的商务英语写作方法和技巧, 在规定时间内写出语法无重大问题、用词恰当、条理清楚、符合国际标准的商务英语信函和业务报告等。 4、课程类型：专业课 二、课程内容和要求 第一部分英语写作基础 教学要求：英语的基本写作知识和写作要求 第二部分商务书信写作 教学要求: 各种商业书信和业务报告的写法和形式, 重要的表达形式, 内容及格式等 教学内容： 第1章查询信 第2章复查询信 第3章销售信 第4章订购信 第5章催款信 第6章付款信 第7章投诉信 第8章复投诉信 第9章求职信 第10章查证信 第11章证明信 第12章社交信：便签和电子邮件 第13章会议记录 第14章通告 第15章业务报告 第16章年度报告 第17章业务建议及方案
第18章合同 第19章说明书 三、学时分配表 四、考核内容及要求 1. 考试形式：闭卷笔试 2. 考试内容：考核学期所教内容，包括英语写作基础知识和商业信函、业务报告等的写作知识及其格式等。要求在规定时间内写出语法无重大问题、用词恰当、条理清楚、符合国际商务标准的商务英语信函和业务报告等。 3．考试题型：填空（例如表格填空）题、选择题、信函写作、说明书写作、业务报告写作等等中短篇的商务文本的写作题型。难度从易到难，分值随之提高。 五、课程参考资料 1、教材：《新编商务英语写作》（一、二）总主编：虞苏美主编:张春柏，高等教育出版社（2005.2） 2、参考书： （1）《英语写作手册》，丁往道等编写，外语与研究出版社 （2）《商务英语写作》，羡锡彪主编，高等教育出版社，2009 六、说明 1. 该课程属于实践性极强的教学，需要布置大量的课外作业加以实践；
商务英语写作常用句型 1)We have (take) pleasure in informing you that...... 兹欣告你方...... 2)We have the pleasure of informing you that...... 兹欣告你方..... 3)We are pleased (glad) to inform you that...... 兹欣告你方...... 4)Further to our letter of yesterday, we now have (the) pleasure in informing you that...... 续谈我方昨日函, 现告你方...... 5)We confirm telegrams/fax messages recently exchanged between us and are pleased to say that...... 我方确认近来双方往来电报/传真,并欣告......
6)We confirm cables exchanged as per copies (cable confirmation) herewith attached. 我方确认往来电报,参见所附文本. 7)We learn from Messrs......that you are interested and well experienced in ......business, and would like to establish business relationship with us. 我方从...公司获悉,你方对...业务感兴趣且颇有经验,意欲与我方建立业务关系. 8)Although no munication has been exchanged between us for a long time, we trust that you are doing well in business. 虽然久未通讯,谅你方生意兴隆. 9)Although we have not heard from you for quite some time, we hope your business is progressing satisfactorily.