2013辽宁省大连市中考英语试题
第I卷选择题（共74分）
I.单项填空（本题共16小题，每小题1分，共16分）
从各题所给的四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
1.Jim is______ good basketball player. He plays in our school team.
A.a
B.an
C.the
D./
2.In America,people start celebrating the New Year______ 31st December.
A.in
B.at
C.on
D.for
3.Many Asian elephants live in India but you can find in other countries______ as well.
A.him
B.them
C.her
D.it
4.Look at the nice ______!I've decided to wear it to the party.
A.doll
B.cup
C.poster
D.dress
5.In a green school, everyone agrees to be ______about the environment.
A.nervous
B.careful
C.honest
D.rude
6.May I ______your bike, please? I'll give it back to you soon.
A.touch
B.bring
C.borrow
D.buy
7.The British Museum is very serious. Visitors ______keep quiet.
A.may
B.might
C.can
D.must
8.-Who plays the violin ______,Sally or Kylie?
-Sally.But she gave the chance to Kylie.
A.well
B.better
C.best
D.the best
9.Your handwriting will certainly improve______ you practise it every day.
A.though
B.before
C.if
D.until
10.-What's the book on your table, Lingling?
-Alice's Adventures in Wonderland.Betty ______it to me from England.
A.is sending
B.will send
C.sends
D.sent
11.We want to set off______ so that we can avoid the heavy traffic.
A.early
B.recently
C.happily
D.quietly
12.Most Australians love going to the ______to swim and surf.
A.beach
B.forest
C.grassland
D.desert
13.- ______is the boy with a pair of glasses?
-My brother, John.
A.How
B.Who
C.Where
D.What
14.I______ know a lot about my pen friend although we've met before.
A.often
B.always
C.never
https://www.doczj.com/doc/258290137.html,ually
15.Many students write to Language Doctor to ______advice about learning English.
A.look through
B.ask for
C.give up
D.worry about
16.-Congratulations!You have won the first prize in the photo competition.
- ______ .
A.Thank you!
B.Good idea!
C.Of course
D.Enjoy yourself!
II.完形填空（一）（本题共10小题，每小题1分，共10分）阅读下面短文，理解其
大意，然后从各题所给的四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选择。
Once there were several scientists in a forest. They were trying to _17 the rarest animal in the world. No one had seen it, so everyone was _ 18 and wanted to be the first one to photograph and study it.
The animal only came out at night, _19 the scientists did some other studies in the day. _20 them, there was a famous scientist named Walter. Every day, he would spend an hour sitting at the desk and putting all his equipment（设备）in the _21 place. He did this carefully. But other scientists laughed at him because they thought Walter was just wasting _22 .
One night, the animal appeared _23. The scientists heard its call. But the call didn't last long. The animal was frightened by the _24 made by the scientists while they were scrabbling（忙乱地找）for their cameras and notebooks.
On the next morning, the scientist _25 their fingings. Some had tried to record its call, others had noted down how it moved, and the luckiest one had even photographed parts of its tail and legs. They all congratulated each other
on what they had found. However, when they saw what Walter had, they were very surprised.
_26 had taken several complete（完整的）photos, the record of the animal's cry and notes about the animal.
They ran to congratulate Walter. They now understood the importance of keeping things in order. Because of that, Walter could find everything quickly in the dark.
17.A.feed B.study C.catch D.kill
18.A.relaxed B.tired C.excited D.surprised
19.A.but B.or C.and D.so
20.A.Among B.Beside C.Against D.Except
21.A.clean B.right C.safe D.public
22.A.space B.money C.food D.time
23.A.angrily B.immediately C.suddenly D.quickly
24.A.plans B.noises C.records D.mistakes
https://www.doczj.com/doc/258290137.html,pared B.counted C.sorted D.kept
26.A.They B.It C.He D.You
III.阅读理解（一）（本题共19小题，每小题2分，共38分）
A.阅读下列短文，根据短文内容，从各题所给的四个选项中，选出最佳选项。Passage 1
The school day begins at 8:45.Class teachers meet the class and check who is present and absent at the beginning of the day. We meet as a whole school once a week on Fridays. The head teacher speaks to the whole school. Morning lessons begin at 9:05.There are three one-hour lessons with a fifteen-minute break. The lunch break is from 1 pm to 1:45.Afternoon lessons begin at 1:50 and the school day finishes at 4 pm.
All students study and take exams in maths, science and English. In addition, they choose one subject from history, geography, Art, Design and Technology, French and Spanish.. All students take PHSE(Personal Health and Safety
Education)lessons but no exams are offered.
After school sports practice and matches are arranged on Wednesday afternoon and Saturday morning. Chess, music, language and theatre clubs also arrange meetings after school. Students may join as many clubs as they like, but should join at least one.
The school has a good record in sports. Last year we were champions（冠军）in football and tennis, and individual students won prizes for swimming and gymnastics.
27.The first lesson begins at______ in the morning.
A.7:30
B.8:00
C.8:45
D.9:05
28.The school students ______once a week on Fridays.
A.meet class teachers
B.review their lessons
C.listen to a speech
D.take some exercise
29.All students take an exam in ______.
A.science
B.history
C.French
D.PHSE
30.What can we learn from the passage?
A.School lunch break lasts over one hour.
B.School football team wins matches every year.
C.Students can join more than one club.
D.Students do sports on Wednesday morning.
31.What would be the best title for the passage?
A.A busy school day
B.Our colorful school life
C.My favourite school
D.My happy times at school
Passage2
A subway is not just an important form of transport. It is also a window for
other people to learn about local culture.
Beijing, China
The Beijing Subway was opened in 1969 and is the oldest subway system in China. It has added some modern technologies. All stations now have touch-screen maps. In some stations, people can also see traditional Chinese culture. For example, on the walls of a few stations of Line 8,there are some pictures of blue and white porcelain(青花瓷）.
Stockholm, Sweden
The first subway line for Stockholm was opened in 1950.The Stockholm Subway is well-known for its decoration of the stations. It is called the longest art gallery in the world. Over 90 percent of its stations are decorated with paintings.
A few stations are decorated with red bedrocks（岩床）. This makes you feel as if you are in a cave.
London,UK
The London Undergound or the Tube is the oldest subway in the world. It was opened in 1863. During World War II, it was used to protect people from German plane attacks（袭击）on London. Now, it is a symbol of the city. There is no air conditioning in the trains, so it is very hot in summer.
New York,US
The New York City Subway runs 24 hours a day. It has an express train on almost every line. You can get to your destination(目的地）quickly. The trains themselves are full of fun; you will see people doing moonwalk dances like Michael Jackson, playing the guitar and singing.
32.Whick subway is called the longest art gallery in the world?
A.The Beijing Subway
B.The Stockholm Subway
C.The London Underground
D.The New York City Subway.
33.From the passage , we can know that the London Underground .
A.is also called the Tube
B.is the symbol of the UK
C.was well protected during the war
D.is the oldest transport in the world
34.Which of the following is TRUE?
A.Michael Jackson often danced in the New York City Subway.
B.Tourists feel cool when they take the London Underground in summer.
C.Several stations of the Stockholm Subway are built in caves.
D.Some stations of the Beijing Subway are decorated with pictures of porcelain.
35.The introduction of the subways mainly shows the of different cities.
A.great changes
B.long history
C.local culture
D.public transport
36.The passage may come from______ .
A.a story book
B.a travel magazine
C.a science book
D.a newspaper advertisement
Passage 3
Hold your head up high I was 15 months old, a happy and carefree kid, until the day I fell. It was a bad fall. I landed on a piece of glass that cut my eye badly. From then on, my injured, sightless, cloudy gray eye lived on with me. Sometimes people asked me embarrassing（使人难堪的）questions. Whenever kids played games, I was the "monster". I was always imagining that everyone looked down on（瞧不起）me.
Yet mum would say to me, "Hold your head up high and face the world." I began to depend on that saying.
As a child, I thought mum meant, "Be careful, or you will fall down or bump into
something because you are not looking." As a teenager, I usually looked down to hide my shame. But I found that when I held my head up high, People liked me.
In high school I even became the class president, but on the inside I still felt like a monster. All I really wanted was to look like everyone else. When things got really bad, I would cry to my mum and she would look at me with loving eyes and say, “Hold your head up high and f ace the world. Let them see the beauty that is inside instead of your appearance（外貌）.”
My mum's love was the sunshine that made me bright. I had faced hard times, and learned not only to be confident（自信的） but also to have deep compassion （同情）for others.
“Hold your head up high” has been heard many times in my home. I say it to my children. The gift my mum gave me will live on.
37.The world “carefree”in the first line probably means“ ______” in Chinese.
A.无忧无虑的
B.无拘无束的
C.小心翼翼的
D.与众不同的
38.Why did the writer imagine that everyone looked down on her?
A.She felt bad about her appearance.
B.She found it hard to act as a monster.
C.Kids refused to play games with her.
D.People always asked her embarrassing questions.
39.Why did the write r's mum say “Hold your head up high” to her?
A.To tell her to be careful.
B.To help her hide the shame.
C.To stop her from getting hurt.
D.To make her more confident.
40.From the story, we can know that ______.
A.the writer understood the saying very well as a child
B.the writer felt like everyone else in high school.
C.the writer is living with a warm and brave heart now
D.the writer has deep compassion for others all her life
41.The passage is mainly about ______.
A.what the writer experienced when she was 15
B.what the writer did to show thanks for mum's gift
C.how the writer changed herself with mum's love
D.how the writer became confident with her great efforts
B.阅读短文，根据短文内容，从所给的六个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，使短文意思完整、连贯。（有两项为多余选项）
Passage 4
The book that can't wait
One problem a lot of people have with books is that they buy them and then never read them. 42 It printed a book in disappearing ink: the text of the book disappears two months after the special package（盒）of the book is opened. It enco urages buyers to read it before it goes away. People call this “he book that can't wait”.
43 The publisher（出版社）sold out all the first edition at a bookstore in one day, and received “thousands of requests（请求）”for more copies of the book. It also got a lot of media coverage（媒体报道）. As a result, the publisher is planning to publish other works in disappearing ink now.
44 But here, we have some suggestions:
First, the book should start disappearing after the reader opens the book for the first time. If the books become very popular in the future, readers will need to read them one at a time. They don't want their books to disappear before they read the first page.
Second, the disappeared book should find a good use. _ 45 It would be a more
environmentally friendly way to do this.
IV.情景交际（本题共5小题，每小题2分，共10分）
根据对话内容，从所给的七个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，使对话内容完整。（有两项为多余选项）
Daming: Hi, Lingling!
Lingling: Hi, Daming! 46
Daming: Yes. What's up?
birthday.47 You know, she's
alone in China.
Daming:That's a good idea! You are so
kind.
Lingling:48
Daming: Yes, I'd love to.49
Lingling: At five o'clock in the afternoon.
Daming: OK. I'll get to your house on time.
Lingling: 50
Daming: I will. Bye.
Lingling: Bye.
B阅读下面短文，在短文的空格内填入适当的词，使其内容通顺。（每空格限填一词）
Asking the way in different places
I travel a lot, and I find out different "styles" of giving directions(方向）every time I ask "How can I get to the post office?"
In Japan, people use landmarks(地面标志性建筑物）in their directions_59 most streets don't have names. For example, the Japanese will say to travelers, "Go straight ahead and turn left at the hotel. The post office is across from the bus stop."
In the countryside of the American Midwest, there are no towns or buildings in many places. Instead of landmarks, people will tell you directions and _60.In Kansas, for example, people will say, "Go north two miles(英里）. Turn east, and then go another mile."
People in Los Angeles, California, have _61 idea of distance. They measure(测量）distance in time, not miles."How far away is the post office?" you ask."Oh," they answer, "it's about five minutes from here."
It's true that a person doesn't know the answer sometimes. What _62 in such a situation? A New Yorker might say, "Sorry I don't know." But in Yucatan, Mexico, no one answers "I don't know" People in Yucatan believe that "I don't know" is impolite. They usually give an answer, often a _63 one. A tourist can get very, very lost in Yucatan!
Ⅵ.阅读理解（二）（本题共5小题，每小题2分，共10分）
阅读下面短文，根据短文内容，回答下列问题。
Ask any group of teenagers in the UK what they most like to eat, and foods like pizzas, pasta, burgers and chips are always mentioned. Many young people would probably also list the local fast-food restaurant as their favorite place. But what teenagers like to eat is not necessarily what they should eat. For a
growing body, eating foods with plenty of calcium(钙),such as milk, yoghurt and cheese, is important because calcium is essential for the development of healthy, strong bones(骨头).Similarly, foods that are rich in iron(铁) are good for developing bodies, so it's good for them to eat red meat, bread and green vegetables.
Lifestyle habits can be developed during our teenage years, so it is greatly important that young people are educated about what foods are good. In 2005,in order to change eating habits and open teenagers' minds to new tastes, a cook named Jamie Oliver started a “Feed Me Better” project.He worked with teachers and cooks in a number of schools across the UK to provide more healthy school meals. Although some teenagers and parents refused to have a try at first, the project was generally a huge success. The newspapers wrote articles about him and a TV program showed his visits to the schools.
No one expects to end the teenage love with fast and junk food, but, hopefully, if projects like “Feed Me Better” continue to give out the right messages, more young people will understand the importance of eating healthily.
64.What problem do teenagers in the UK have?
65.Why are milk and bread healthy foods?
66.Why is it important to educate people during their teenage years?
67.Did Jamie Oliver improve school dinners successfully?
68.In order to help teenagers, what does the writer expect people to do?
Ⅶ.写
Ａ.句子翻译。将下列句子译成英语。（本题共5小题，每小题2分，共10分）
69.大连有多少人口？
70.杰克不在家，他在图书馆看书。
Jack isn't at home.
71.我们的教室一天打扫两次。
72.现在很多人喜欢乘坐高铁（high-speed train），因为它更快。
73.尽管山很高，但我相信我最终一定能到达山顶。 ,though it is very high.
Ｂ.书面表达（共20分）
74.旅游可以让人放松身心，增长见识……初中毕业在即，很多同学想利用暑假去旅游。请你根据下面的内容提示，写一篇短文，通过你校英语论坛，向大家推荐一个好去处，并给出旅行建议。
内容提示：
1.Where is the best place to go?
2.What is the place special for?
3.What should you pay attention to?
要求：
1.中心突出，语意连贯，层次清晰，书写规范；
2.文中不得出现真实姓名、校名；
3.词数８０左右，开头已给出，不计入总词数。
It's a good idea to go travelling during the summer vacation. I think the b est place to visit is
59 because 60 distance 61 no 62 happens 63 wrong
答案： 64 They like fast food and they don't understand the importance of eating healthily.
65 They are with plenty of calcium and calcium is essential for the development of healthy, strong bones.
66 Lifestyle habits can be developed during our teenage years.
67 Yes. 68 The writer expects people to eat what they should eat, develop lifestyle habits during teenage years and understand the importance of eating healthily by projects like “Feed Me Better” continue to give out the right messages.
69 What's the population of Dalian? How many people are there in Dalian?
70 He is reading (books) in the library.
71 Our classroom is cleaned / tidied up twice a day.
72 Now many people like traveling by high-speed train / taking the high-speed train, because it is faster.
73 I believe / am sure that I can reach the top of the mountain at last / in the end / finally.
考试高分秘诀是什么？试试这四个方法，特别是中考和高考生
谁都想在考试中取得优异的成绩，但要想取得优异的成绩，除了要掌握好相关的知识定理和方法技巧之外，更要学会一些考试技巧。因为一份试卷的题型有选择题、填空题和解答题，题目的难易程度不等，再加上时间的限制，更需要考生运用考试技巧去合理安排时间进行考试，这样才能获得一个优异的成绩。
在每次考试结束之后，我们总会发现这样有趣的情形：有的学生能超常发挥，考个好成绩，而有的学生却出现粗心大意的状况，令人惋惜。有的学生会说这是“运气”的原因，其实更深次的角度来说，这是说明考试准备不足，如知识掌握不扎实或是考试技巧不熟练等，这些正是考前需要调整的重点。
读书学习终究离不开考试，像中考和高考更是重中之重，影响着很多人的一生，下面就推荐一些与考试有关的方法技巧，希望能帮助大家提高考试成绩。
一是学会合理定位考试成绩
你能在一份卷子当中考几分，很大程度上取决于你对知识定理的掌握和熟练程度。像最后一道选择题和填空题，以及最后两道大题，如果你没有很大把握一次性完成，就要先学会暂时“放一放”，把那些简单题和中等题先解决，再回过头去解决剩下的难题。
因此，在考试来临之前，每位考生必须对自身有一个清晰的了解，面对考试内容，自己处于什么样的知识水平，进而应采取什么样的考试方式，这样才能帮助自己顺利完成考试，获得理想的成绩。
像压轴题的最后一个小题总是比较难，目的是提高考试的区分度，但是一般只有4分左右，很多考生都可以把前面两小题都做对，特别是第一小题。
二是认真审题，理清题意
每次考试结束后，很多考生都会发现很多明明自己会做的题目都解错了，非常可惜。做错的原因让人既气愤又无奈，如算错、看错、抄错等，其中审题不仔细是大部分的通病。
要想把题目做对，首先就要学会把题目看懂看明白，认真审题这是最基本的学习素养。像数学考试，就一定要看清楚，如“两圆相切”，就包括外切和内切，缺一不可；ABC是等腰三角形，就要搞清楚哪两条是腰；二次函数与坐标轴存在交点，就要分清楚x轴和y轴；或是在考试过程中遇到熟悉的题目，绝不可掉以轻心，因为熟悉并不代表一模一样。
三是要活用草稿纸
有时候真的很奇怪，有些学生一场考试下来，几乎可以不用草稿纸，但最终成绩也并不一定见得有多好。不过，我们查看这些学生试卷的时候，上面密密麻麻写了一堆，原来都把试卷当草稿纸，只不过没几个人能看得懂。
考试时间是有限，要想在有限的时间内取得优异的成绩，就必须提高解题速度，这没错，但很多人的解题速度是靠牺牲解题步骤、审清题意等必要环节之上。就像草稿纸，很多学生认为这是在浪费时间，要么不用，要么在打草稿时太潦草，匆忙抄到试卷上时又看错了，这样的毛病难以在考试时发现。
在解题过程后果，我们应该在试卷上列出详细的步骤，不要跳步，需要用到草稿纸的地方一定要用草稿纸。只有认真踏实地完成每步运算，假以时日，就能提高解题速度。
大家一定要记住一点：只要你把每个会做的题目做对，分数自然就会高。
四是学会沉着应对考试
无论是谁，面对考试都会有不同程度的紧张情绪，这很正常，没什么好大惊小怪，偏偏有的学生会把这些情绪放大，出现焦躁不安，甚至是失眠的负面情况，非常可惜。
就像在考试过程中，遇到难题这也很正常，此时的你更应不慌不躁，冷静应对在考试，有些题目难免一时会想不出解题思路，千万记住不要钻牛角尖，可以暂时先放一放，不妨先换一个题目做做，等一会儿往往就会豁然开朗了。
考试，特别像中考和高考这样大型的重要考试，一定要相信一点，那就是所有试题包含的知识定理、能力要求都在考纲范围内，不要有过多的思想负担。
考试遇到难题，容易让人心烦意乱，我们不要急于一时，别总想一口气吃掉整个题目，可以先做一个小题，后面的思路就慢慢理顺了。
大连市2013年初中毕业升学考试 数 学 注意事项： 1．请在答题卡上作答，在试卷上作答无效． 2．本试卷共五大题，26小题，满分150分．考试时间120分钟． 一、选择题（本题共8小题，每小题3分，共24分，在每小题给出的四个选项中，只有一个选项正确） 1．（2013辽宁大连，1，3分）－2的相反数是 A .－2 B ．－ 2 1 C ． 2 1 D ．2 【答案】 D . 2．（2013辽宁大连，2，3分）如图所示的几何体是由四个完全相同的正方体组成的，这个几何体的俯视图是 【答案】 A . 3．（2013辽宁大连，3，3分）计算（x 2）3的结果是 A ．x B ．3 x 2 C ．x 5 D ．x 6 【答案】D . 4．（2013辽宁大连，4，3分）一个不透明的袋子中有3个红球和2个黄球，这些球除颜色外完全相同．从袋子中随机摸出一个球，它是黄球的概率为 A ． 3 1 B ． 5 2 C ． 2 1 D ． 5 3 【答案】B . 5．（2013辽宁大连，5，3分）如图，点O 在直线AB 上，射线OC 平分∠DOB ．若∠COB ＝35°，则∠AOD 等于 A ．35° B ．70° C ．110° D ．145° 【答案】C . 6．（2013辽宁大连，6，3分）若关于x 的方程x 2－4x ＋m ＝0没有实数根，则实数m 的取值范围是 A ．m ＜－4 B ．m ＞－4 C ．m ＜4 D ．m ＞ 4 A B C D 正面 O A B C D 第5题图
【答案】D . 7．（2013辽宁大连，7，3分）在一次“爱心互助”捐款活动中，某班第一小组8名同学捐款的金额（单位：元）如下表所示： 这8名同学捐款的平均金额为 A ．3.5元 B ．6元 C ．6.5元 D ．7元 【答案】C . 8．（2013辽宁大连，8，3分）P 是∠AOB 内一点，分别作点P 关于直线OA 、OB 的对称点P 1、P 2，连接OP 1、OP 2，则下列结论正确的是 A ．OP 1⊥OP 2 B ．OP 1＝OP 2 C ．OP 1⊥OP 2且OP 1＝OP 2 D ．OP 1≠OP 2 【答案】B . 二、填空题（本题共8小题，每小题3分，共24分） 9．（2013辽宁大连，9，3分）分解因式：x 2＋x ＝_________． 【答案】x （x ＋1）. 10．（2013辽宁大连，10，3分）在平面直角坐标系中，点（2，－4）在第________象限． 【答案】 四. 11．（2013辽宁大连，11，3分）将16 000 000用科学记数法表示为_______________． 【答案】 1.6×107. 根据表中数据，估计这种幼树移植成活的概率为_______（精确到0.1）． 【答案】0.9. 13．（2013辽宁大连，13，3分）化简：x ＋1－1 22++x x x ＝___________． 【答案】 1 1+x . 14．（2013辽宁大连，14，3分）用一个圆心角为90°，半径为32 cm 的扇形作为一个圆锥的侧面（接缝处不重叠），则这个圆锥的底面圆的半径为_______cm ． 【答案】8. 15．（2013辽宁大连，15，3分）如图，为了测量河的宽度AB ，测量人员在高21m 的建筑物CD 的顶端D 处测
辽宁省大连市2018届高三第一次模拟 数学文试题 第Ⅰ卷（共60分） 一、选择题：本大题共12个小题,每小题5分,共60分.在每小题给出的四个选项中，只有一项是符合题目要求的. 1.设集合{} |1A x x =<，(){} |30B x x x =-<，则A B =U （ ） A ．()1,0- B ．()0,1 C ．()1,3- D ．()1,3 2.若复数11i z ai += +为纯虚数，则实数a 的值为（ ） A ．1 B ．0 C ．1 2 - D ．-1 3.中国有个名句“运筹帷幄之中，决胜千里之外”，其中的“筹”原意是指《孙子算经》中记载的算筹，古代是用算筹来进行计算，算筹是将几寸长的小竹棍摆在平面上进行运算，算筹的摆放形式有纵横两种形式，如图，当表示一个多位数时，像阿拉伯计数一样，把各个数位的数码从左到右排列，但各位数码的筹式需要纵横相间，个位，百位，万位数用纵式表示，十位，千位，十万位用横式表示，以此类推．例如3266用算筹表示就是 ，则8771用算筹可表示为（ ） A ． B ． C ． D ． 4.如图所示程序框图是为了求出满足2228n n ->的最小正偶数n ，那么空白框中及最后输出的n 值分别是（ ） A ．1n n =+和6 B ．2n n =+和6 C. 1n n =+和8 D ．2n n =+和8 5.函数()2tan 1x f x x x =++ 的部分图象大致为（ ）
A ． B ． C. D ． 6.等差数列{}n a 的公差不为零，首项11a =，2a 是1a 和5a 的等比中项，则数列{}n a 的前9项和是（ ） A ．9 B ．81 C.10 D ．90 7.某几何体的三视图如图所示（单位：cm ），其俯视图为等边三角形，则该几何体的体积（单位：3cm ）是（ ） A ．431033238 33 8.已知首项与公比相等的等比数列{}n a 中，若,m n N * ∈满足22 4m n a a a =，则 21 m n +的最小值为（ ） A ．1 B ． 32 C.2 D ．92 9.过曲线x y e =上一点()00,P x y 作曲线的切线，若该切线在y 轴上的截距小于0，则0x 的取值范围是（ ） A ．()0,+∞ B ．1 ,e ??+∞ ??? C.()1,+∞ D ．()2,+∞ 10.已知边长为2的等边三角形ABC ，D 为BC 的中点，以AD 为折痕进行翻折，使BDC ∠为直角，则过 A B C D ，，，四点的球的表面积为（ ） A ．3π B ．4π C.5π D ．6π 11.将函数()sin 23f x x π?? =+ ?? ? 的图象向右平移()0a a >个单位得到函数()cos 24g x x π?? =+ ?? ? 的图象，
2017年谷城县中考适应性考试 英语试题 （本试卷共8页，满分120分，考试时间120分钟） 注意事项： 1．答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、考试号填写在试题卷和答题卡上，并将考试号条形码粘贴在答题卡上指定位置。 2．选择题每小题选出答案后，用2B铅笔将答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑，如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其它答案标号，答在试题卷上无效。 3．非选择题（主观题）用0.5毫米的黑色墨水签字笔直接答在答题卡上每题对应的答题区域内，答在试题卷上无效。 4．考试结束后，请将本试题卷和答题卡一并上交。 选择题（共70分） 一、听力测试（本大题满分25分，每小题1分） 做题时，先将答案划在试卷上。录音内容结束后再将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上。第一节 下面你将听到8段短对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从每小题A、B、C三个选项中选出一个最佳答案。听完每段对话后，你有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话只读一遍。CACCABBA 1. Which city is the girl’s fa vourite? A. London. B. Paris. C. New York. 2. What’s the weather like now? A. Rainy. B. Cloudy. C. Sunny. 3. What’s the date the day after tomorrow? A. June 1st. B. June 2nd. C. June 3rd. 4. How often does Lisa surf the internet now? A. Every day. B. Twice a week. C. Once a week. 5. Who wrote the interesting e-mail? A. Kate. B. Mike. C. Judy. 6. Where might the speakers be? A. In a bank. B. On a road. C. At a crossing. 7. What does the man mean? A. He’d like to go to the beach by car. 英语试题第1页（共8页）
2009年辽宁省大连市中考英语试题 第I卷选择题(共80分） I .单项填空本题共20小题;每小题1分，满分20分） 从A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 1. My father is a musician! often listen to him play violin. A.a B.an C.the D./ 2. My sister isn't able to ride the bike,so I'm going to help with it. A.me B.her C.myself D.herself 3. Dalian is a beautiful city the north of China. A.of B.on C.with D.in 4. ―Are you going to th e USA,Betty? —We're not sure.We go to Australia. A.must Bean C.might D need 5. ——You're wearing a lovely sweater,Lingling. ―Yes,it very soft and comfortable. A. tastes B. feels C.sounds D.smells 6. The traffic in the city is than that in the village. A.busier B wider C.quieter D.cleaner 7.I the film.I don't want to see it again. A.have seen B.saw C.will see D.see 8.Tony doesn't visit his uncle.but he sends emails. A.hardly B. never C.often D .nearly 9.I've brought some photos you can see what Australia looks like. A.as soon as B.ever since C.as tar as D.so that 10. ―Betty.would you like to go to the cin- ema on Sunday? A.See you soon. B.Thank you. C.Yes,I think so. D.That's a good idea. 11. There is more today so life is more dangerous and less healthy. A. knowledge B. freedom C. pollution D .population 12. ―Can you tell me the programme is on? ―Yes,it's on Wednesday. at five o'clock. A. why B. when C. where D. what 13.If you want to keep the picture, it on the computer. A. take B.put C.save D.show 14.The soup was so that it burned my mouth.
辽宁省大连市城市设施水平情况数据分析报告2019版
序言 大连市城市设施水平情况数据分析报告从城市用水普及率，城市燃气普及率，人均城市道路面积，人均公园绿地面积等重要因素进行分析，剖析了大连市城市设施水平情况现状、趋势变化。 大连市城市设施水平情况数据分析报告知识产权为发布方即我公司天津旷 维所有，其他方引用我方报告均请注明出处。 借助对数据的发掘及分析，提供一个全面、严谨、客观的视角来了解大连市城市设施水平情况现状及发展趋势。大连市城市设施水平情况分析报告数据来源于中国国家统计局等权威部门，并经过专业统计分析及清洗而得。 大连市城市设施水平情况数据分析报告以数据呈现方式客观、多维度、深入介绍大连市城市设施水平情况真实状况及发展脉络，为需求者提供必要借鉴及重要参考。
目录 第一节大连市城市设施水平情况现状 (1) 第二节大连市城市用水普及率指标分析 (3) 一、大连市城市用水普及率现状统计 (3) 二、全省城市用水普及率现状统计 (3) 三、大连市城市用水普及率占全省城市用水普及率比重统计 (3) 四、大连市城市用水普及率（2016-2018）统计分析 (4) 五、大连市城市用水普及率（2017-2018）变动分析 (4) 六、全省城市用水普及率（2016-2018）统计分析 (5) 七、全省城市用水普及率（2017-2018）变动分析 (5) 八、大连市城市用水普及率同全省城市用水普及率（2017-2018）变动对比分析 (6) 第三节大连市城市燃气普及率指标分析 (7) 一、大连市城市燃气普及率现状统计 (7) 二、全省城市燃气普及率现状统计分析 (7) 三、大连市城市燃气普及率占全省城市燃气普及率比重统计分析 (7) 四、大连市城市燃气普及率（2016-2018）统计分析 (8) 五、大连市城市燃气普及率（2017-2018）变动分析 (8) 六、全省城市燃气普及率（2016-2018）统计分析 (9)
辽宁省大连市2013年中考数学一模试卷 一、选择题（本题共8小题，每小题3分，共24分．在每小题给出的四个选项中．只有一个选项正确） 1．（3分）（2013?大连一模）的绝对值是（） B |=． 2．（3分）（2013?大连一模）如图是由四个完全相同的正方体组成的几何体，这个几何体的俯视图是（） B
与不是同类项，不能合并，故本选项错误； 、×= 4．（3分）（2013?大连一模）袋中有3个红球，4个白球，这些球的形状、大小、质地等完 B 个球，则摸出白球的概率是：． ． 5．（3分）（2013?大连一模）在平面直角坐标系中，将点P（﹣2，3）向下平移4个单位得 6．（3分）（2013?大连一模）我市某一周的最大风力情况如表所示：则这周最大风力的众数 ）
8．（3分）（2013?大连一模）如图，一条抛物线与x轴相交于A、B两点（点A在点B的左侧），其顶点P在线段MN上移动．若点M、N的坐标分别为（﹣1，﹣2）、（1，﹣2），点B的横坐标的最大值为3，则点A的横坐标的最小值为（）
二、填空题（本题共8小题，每小题3分，共24分） 9．（3分）（2013?大连一模）sin30°=．正确（填“正确”或“错误”） 10．（3分）（2013?大连一模）分解因式：a2﹣4=（a+2）（a﹣2）． 11．（3分）（2013?大连一模）当x=11时，x2﹣2x+1=100． 12．（3分）（2013?大连一模）从小刚等7名合唱队员中任选1名作为领奖者，则小刚被选 中的概率是． ． ． ．
13．（3分）（2013?大连一模）如图，AB∥CD，CE与AB交于点A，BE⊥CE，垂足为E．若∠C=37°，则∠B=53°． 14．（3分）（2013?大连一模）如果关于x的方程x2﹣3x+k=0（k为常数）有两个不相等的 实数根，那么k应满足的条件为k＜． ＜ ． ． 15．（3分）（2013?大连一模）如图，在平面直角坐标系中，线段OA与线段OA′关于直线l：y=x对称．已知点A的坐标为（2，1），则点A′的坐标为（1，2）．
辽宁省大连市2017年高考二模历史试卷 一、选择题（共12小题，每小题4分，满分48分） 1．“夏礼吾能言之，祀（把国是夏朝的后裔）不足征（通“证”）也；殷礼吾能言之，宋不足征也。文献不足故也。足，则吾能征之矣。”这说明孔子（） A．熟悉夏商礼制B．感叹祀宋衰落C．重视文献记载D．重建礼法规范2．里坊是我国古代城市的基层居住单位，图为唐代襄阳城内外里坊示意图。图中“里坊”的命名旨在（） A．打破坊市界限B．规范城市布局C．重视教化百姓D．突破地域限制3．《爱日斋丛抄》中记载“大概唐末渐有印书，特未盛行，遂以为始于蜀也。当五季乱离之际，经籍方有托而流布于四方，天之不绝斯文，信矣!“据此可知（） A．活字印刷术在唐末开始使用B．雕版印刷术推动了文化发展 C．刻板印刷技术已经传入西方D．造纸技术出现了重大的改进 4．南宋《清波杂志》中记载“汝窑宫中禁烧，内有玛瑞为袖。唯供御拣退方许出卖，近尤难得。“这表明（） A．官营商品流向放宽B．窑务管理渐趋松懈 C．瓷器市场竞争激烈D．汝窑产品质地欠佳 5．黄仁宇在《万历十五年》中写道“时年24岁的万历皇帝，一方面依赖内阁，另一方面又以司礼监太监加以牵制，后来创造了近30年不上朝的”荒诞奇迹屑。这反映了（） A．专制皇权空前强化B．皇帝与司礼监关系密切 C．中央集权大大加强D．内阁与司礼监互相牵制 6．梁启超认为：欲解决社会问题者，当以解决资本问题为第一义，以解决土地问题为第二义。资本若不收归国有，只以土地收归国有，其结果必南辕北辙。这说明梁启超（） A．强调了发展资本主义的重要性 B．其主张与“平均地权”有一致性 C．主张逐一解决社会问题 D．明确反对进行社会革命 7．表为1933~1936年中国轻工业平均指数增长表，这一状况形成的主要原因是（） A．列强干预经济剌激消费B．国民政府经济政策推动
二○一六年初中毕业暨升学考试 第I卷（选择题共55分） 一、英语知识运用（共两节，满分25分） 第一节单项填空（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分） 从A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。 1. My host family is taking me to ________ English film festival next weekend. A. an B. a C. the D. 不填 2. —What do you call your father’s sisters? —_______. A. Uncles B. Cousins C. Aunts D. Parents 3. A 100-year-old man ran a marathon in Toronto on Sunday. He became the ________ person to complete the long-distance running in the world. A. youngest B. best C. biggest D. oldest 4. —What does your new English teacher look like? —She is a pretty lady ________ long hair. A. at B. for C. with D. of 5. —Do you need a new dictionary, Susan? —No, Mum. My uncle bought me ________ yesterday. A. one B. it C. the one D. another 6. My friend Frank sings well, and he is _______ good at playing guitar. A. not B. also C. yet D. too 7. As one of the school rules, middle school students are not ________ to smoke. A. ordered B. refused C. allowed D. forbidden 8. —Have you ever seen the movie 2012? —Yes, but I don’t believe ________ the year 2012 will see the end of the world. A. that B. what C. how D. if 9. Some of the students are nearsighted _______ they spend too much time watching TV or playing online games. A. when B. though C. because D. unless 10. —Excuse me, can you tell me the way to the People’s Park? —Walk along this road and turn right, and the park is on your right. You _______miss it. A. needn’t B. mustn’t C. may not D. won’t 11. Our foreign teacher Mr Green ________ us English since three years ago. A. has taught B. is teaching C. taught D. teaches 12. —Steve, ________do you play basketball after school? —Twice a week. It can keep me healthy.
一、单选 1. Li Na won the tennis match in France ____ June 4th, 2011. A. in B. on C. at D. for 2. It‘s too _______ here. Can we open the window? A. warm B. cold C. cool D. hot 3. British people usually shake hands the first time _______ meet. A. they B. you C. we D. I 4. My room is small, __________ it is comfortable. A. and B. or C. but D. so 5. – What‘s the weather like? - Oh, it ________ outside Take an umbrella with you. A. rains B. is raining C. was raining D. rained 6. – Did you enjoy the _________? - Yes, it was delicious. A. party B. trip C. meal D. movie 7. – I‘ve ______ using plastic bags when shopping. - You‘re right. It‘s good for our environment. A. stopped B. finished C. started D. enjoyed 8. People live longer and stay _____ today than they did 50 years ago. A. health B. healthier C. healthiest D. the healthiest 9. – Mr. Jackson _______ we go rock climbing? - Yes, but you must use ropes. A. must B. should C. need D. can 10. – Could you tell me ______ the school leavers‘ party is? - In the school hall. A. where B. when C. what D. how 11. There are plenty of books in our library. You can ________ four at a time. A. own B. borrow C. lend D. carry 12. In America when you‘re given a present, you can open it _____. You do n‘t have to wait. A. immediately B. properly C. carefully D. quietly 13. _______ we are young, we can still do something to help protect the environment. A. If B. Since C. Because D. Though 14. The cartoon ________, Snoopy, is very popular in China. A. writer B. actor C. character D. designer 15. They tried several times to _______ the problem, and in the end they succeeded. A. give up B. work out C. look through D. think of 16. - I‘m going to Sanya for the summer holiday. - _________! A. Have a good time B. Well done C. Best wishes to you D. Thanks a lot
辽宁省大连市高三第一次模拟 数学理试题 第Ⅰ卷（共60分） 一、选择题：本大题共12个小题,每小题5分,共60分.在每小题给出的四个选项中，只有一项是符合题目要求的. 1.设集合{} |1A x x =<，(){} |30B x x x =-<，则A B =（ ） A ．()1,0- B ．()0,1 C ．()1,3- D ．()1,3 2.若复数11i z ai += +为纯虚数，则实数a 的值为（ ） A ．1 B ．0 C ．1 2 - D ．-1 3.中国有个名句“运筹帷幄之中，决胜千里之外”，其中的“筹”原意是指《孙子算经》中记载的算筹，古代是用算筹来进行计算，算筹是将几寸长的小竹棍摆在平面上进行运算，算筹的摆放形式有纵横两种形式，如图，当表示一个多位数时，像阿拉伯计数一样，把各个数位的数码从左到右排列，但各位数码的筹式需要纵横相间，个位，百位，万位数用纵式表示，十位，千位，十万位用横式表示，以此类推．例如3266用算筹表示就是 ，则8771用算筹可表示为（ ） A ． B ． C ． D ． 4.如图所示程序框图是为了求出满足2228n n ->的最小正偶数n ，那么空白框中及最后输出的n 值 分别是（ ） A ．1n n =+和6 B ．2n n =+和6 C. 1n n =+和8 D ．2n n =+和8 5.函数()2tan 1x f x x x =++ 的部分图象大致为（ ）
A ． B ． C. D ． 6. 某几何体的三视图如图所示（单位：cm ），其俯视图为等边三角形，则该几何体的体积（单位：3cm ）是（ ） A ．43 B 1033 C.3 D 8 33 7.6本不同的书在书架上摆成一排，要求甲、乙两本书必须摆放在两端，丙、丁两本书必须相邻，则不同的摆放方法有（ ）种. A ．24 B ．36 C.48 D ．60 8.ABC ?的内角,,A B C 的对边分别为,,a b c ，若2cos cos cos b B a C c A =+，2b =，则ABC ?面积的最大值是（ ） A ．1 B 3 C.2 D ．4 9. 已知边长为2的等边三角形ABC ，D 为BC 的中点，以AD 为折痕进行翻折，使BDC ∠为直角，则过 A B C D ，，，四点的球的表面积为（ ） A ．3π B ．4π C.5π D ．6π 10. 将函数()sin 23f x x π?? =+ ?? ? 的图象向右平移()0a a >个单位得到函数()cos 24g x x π?? =+ ?? ? 的图象，则a 的值可以为（ ）
绍兴市2017年中考英语试题及答案 试卷Ⅰ（选择题共70分） （一）听力部分（共25分） 一、听力（本题有15小题，第一节每小题1分；第二、三节每小题2分，共计25分）第一节：听小对话，回答问题。 1. What would Susan like to drink? A. Tea. B. Cold water. C. Coffee. 2. Who is sleeping at home? A. Tom’s brother. B. Tom’s father. C. Tom’s mother. 3. What does the woman mean? A. She’ll eat out with the man. B. She’ll play tennis with the man. C. She’ll go swimming with the man. 4. How is the weather tomorrow? A. Cloudy. B. Rainy. C. Sunny. 5. Where does the conversation probably take place? A. In a bookstore. B. In a post office. C. In a restaurant. 第二节：听较长对话，回答问题。 第下面一段对话，回答第6—7小题。 6. Why does Lucy look unhappy? A. Because her cat is sick. B. Because her cat is old. C. Because her cat is lost. 7. Where are Lucy and Alex probably going? A. To the hospital. B. To the zoo. C. To the school. 听下面一段对话，回答第8—10小题。 8. How did Matt and Nancy go to New York for a holiday? A. By cay. B. By plane. C. By ship. 9. Where did Matt and Nancy stay while travelling in New York? A. In a hotel. B. At their friend’s house. C. In a university. 10. What did Matt and Nancy do every day in Central Park? A. They took a walk. B. They rode a bike. C. They watched birds. 第三节：听独白，回答问题。 11. Which class does Tara like best? A. Art history. B. Business English. C. Computer science. 12. What does Tara first do after breakfast? A. Meet her friends. B. Review her lessons. C. Check her e-mail. 13. Where does Alice come from? A. Sydney. B. Moscow. C. Toronto. 14. When does Tara get home from work every day? A. At 4:30 p.m. B. At 11:00 p.m. C. At 11:30 p.m. 15. How is Tara’s life? A. Easy. B. Busy. C. Dull. （二）笔试部分（共45分） 二、完形填空（本题有15小题，每小题1分，共计15分）
2003年大连市中考英语试题 本试卷分A卷(毕业考试)和B卷(升学考试)两部分。共200分。考试时间100分钟。 A 卷(100分) I．语言基础知识运用(本题分A、B、C三部分，共35小题；每小题2分，共70分) A.单项填空(30分) 从A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 1.She sent her friend a postcard a birthday present. A. on B. as C. for D. of 2. If you set your mind to do it, everything is . A. possible B. hard C. difficult D. impossible 3. --How are you going to improve this term? --Work harder than last term. A. ourselves B. myself C. himself D. yourself 4. We were very excited to see many places of interest_________ in Beijing. A. boring B. same C. different D. bright 5. --Would you please carry the big box for me? -- . A. No problem. B. What a pity ! C. Not at all. D. 'Drank you. 6. She__________ the factory on the ct)met and told me she worked there. A. thought of B. looked for C. pointed to D. got off 7. --Do you know . --At 8:00 a.m. A. who to talk with B. when to have a meeting C. what to do next D. where to go swimming 8. Eating and doing more sport are good ways to keep SARS away from us. A. early B. quickly C. healthily D. hardly 9.-_______，sir? - Size 41, I think. A. What size do you need B. What can I do for you C. How do you like this shirt D. What's the matter with you 10. We want to play basketball after school. Would you like to us? A. invite B. play C. get D. join 11.The_______of an air ticket from Dalian to Guangzhou is about 1,800 yuan. A. price B. money C. pay D. use 13. -Hello! Is that Mr John speaking? --_______ . He isn't here at the moment. A. I'm sorry B. Excuse me C. Bad luck D. Hold on, please 14. More and more foreigners want to________ their companies in Dalian.
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辽宁省大连市2013年中考语文试卷 一、积累与运用（28分） 1.请用正楷字将下面的汉字抄写在田字格里，要求书写规范、端正、整洁。（2分） 敏而好学不耻下问 2.给加点的字注音，根据拼音填写汉字。（4分） （1）淳朴（2）阴霾（3）重（dǎo）覆辙（4）随声附（hè） 3.在下面句子中有语病的地方画横线，并写出修改意见。（2分） 文学社要招聘社长的消息传出不久，就引起了全校文学爱好者的极大兴趣，纷纷带着自己的习作前来报名。 4.下面是从网上搜索的关于宋词的资料，请分别提炼出主要信息。（不超过所给字格）（2分） （1）在宋代的多种文学样式中，宋词代表着宋代文学的最高成就。两宋期间，大批词人不断开阔写作视野，创新写作技巧，词坛呈现出名家辈出、精品如林的鼎盛局面。 （2）从艺术风格上看，宋词有以苏轼、辛弃疾的作品为代表的豪放派，词风洒脱旷达、气象恢弘，还有以柳永、李清照的作品为代表的婉约派，词调蕴藉清雅、意境柔婉。 5.默写填空。（12分） （1）世有伯乐，然后有千里 马。，。（韩愈《马说》） （2）独坐幽篁里，弹琴复长 啸。，。（王维《竹里馆》） （3），，盖竹柏影也。（苏轼《记承天寺夜游》）
（4）远远的街灯明了，好像闪着无数的明 星。，。（郭沫若《天上的街市》） （5）温庭筠在《望江南》中写船尽江空、斜阳江水含情的句子 是，。 （6）诗歌唤醒心灵。在暮色中，吟咏游子的渺远乡思：“日暮乡关何处是，烟波江上使人愁”，“，”，我们的心中总会生发几分对家乡的珍重。（用马致远《天净沙·秋思》中的句子回答） 6.名著阅读。（6分） （1）根据示例，完成《童年》中人物的相关情节概括与批注。（2分） （2）依据《水浒》故事情节，依照画线句续写两句话。（4分） 智，在吴用身上体现最明显：他巧借天气炎热之机，用掺了蒙汗药的酒麻翻杨志等人，是智；他巧借官军不知梁山泊虚实之机，十面埋伏大败童贯，是 智；，，是 智；，，是智。 二、古诗文阅读（18分） （一）环滁皆山也。其西南诸峰，林壑尤美，望之蔚然而深秀者，琅琊也。山行六七里，渐闻水声潺潺而泻出于两峰之间者，酿泉也。峰回路转，有亭翼然临于泉上者，醉翁亭也。作亭者谁？山之僧智仙也。名之者谁？太守自谓也。太守与客来饮于此，饮少辄醉，而年又最高，故自号曰醉翁也。醉翁之意不在酒，在乎山水之间也。山水之乐，得之心而寓之酒也。 （节选自《醉翁亭记》） 7.解释文中加点的词。（3分） （1）其西南诸峰； （2）有亭翼然临于泉上者； （3）名之者谁。
2019年大连市高三第一次模拟考试 语文试题 一、现代文阅读 （一）论述类文本阅读 阅读下面的文字，完成下面小题 非物质文化遗产既是建设现代民族文化的基础，也是每个民族对世界文化的丰富和贡献。因此，必然要从全人类的视角来看待非物质文化遗产保护问题。但是，站在全人类文明史的宏观角度来保护为一时一地的人们所拥有的文化成就，这本身就是一件矛盾的事情。当地民众往往希望摆脱传统的“包袱”，希望谋求本地区的现代化发展。这种要求本身无可非议，但是其中的得失和代价也许不是每一个人一开始就能清晰认识到的。有时候当事人并没有意识到自己抛弃的东西有何价值，并没有意识到这种抛弃会在无意间造成巨大的损失和无可弥补的遗憾。因此，我们必须寻求一种途径以调和社会发展与文化传承之间的矛盾。 个人、群体和整个世界一样，对文化的追求都是多样的。当人类为了自身的健康发展而要求保护多样性文化的时候，生活在特定文化中的群体和个人，同样应该有对多样性生存方式的选择自由，不应该也不可能要求他们为了给世界保存一种生存方式，而将他们的生活封闭在固定的时空中，使他们成为世界文化多样性追求的牺牲品。否则，对文化传承者来说，显然是不公平的。 在非物质文化遗产的保护过程中，我们如果缺乏必要的自省和自律的话，容观上就可能在某种程度上影响或限制了特定群体或个人对文化多样性的自由选择。面对非物质文化遗产，尤其是一些技艺性的非物质文化遗产，如果舍弃了主体，那我们还能面对什么呢?在讨论非物质文化遗产保护的时候，我们应该意识到它本身也是我们改进方法和理论的一个契机。只有当我们在工作中把非物质文化的创造者和继承者也纳入到我们工作的视野中来，把他们的主体性、现实境遇和要求也切实地考虑进来的时候，我们的抢救和保护工作才可以说真正有了对人的关怀。这个人不仅是抽象的全民族、全人类，而且也是具象的生活在我们身边的实实在在的人。只有兼备了这两种“人的关怀”之后，我们对文化遗产的抢救和保护的立场才是完整的。 处理传统保护与现实追求之间的矛盾，并不是靠单纯的行政命令或法律裁决就能解决的，它需要传承者同行政部门、学术界、实业界等多方的平等对话，甚至可能需要政府和社会各界做出道义上的鼓励和财政上的支持。从局部的和短暂的利益来看，或许可能出现做出某种牺牲的一方；而从全局的和长远的利益来看，所有参与者乃至全人类世世代代都是受益者。