different from those of a foreigner. Investigation on communicative activities of adult native speakers before Internet came into being.
C3
English-speaking writers tend to be less militant in tone and language than most Chinese in such writings as news, social or political essays, and editorials. The idea is to “let the facts speak for themselves”.
to show the 1000, 2000, 3000 most frequent words in spoken and written English as well as frequency graphs of some verbs.
Symbols：
Example 2 (p.1052) let, allow, permit
Longman Dictionary of Contemporary H1
English, 3rd Edition (1995)
Usage note:
1. To show word choice
Traits Of The Key Players Kao Yingchao 2014020603 考颖超2014020603 General Statement A “key player” who has a handful of staff in a given area of expertise is essential to the organization.The companies hire a “key player”from the competitor’s companies who has more experienced or just a newbie who has 4 traits—the selfless cooperator, a sense of urgency, risk tolerance,risk tolerance and strength in interpersonal relationship. Main Points Part 1:para1~para3 What a key player is and how the companies hire a key player. Part 2:para4~para5 What the difference between academia and industry,there is more collaborative and more teamwork in the industry.And how to make yourself look like a selfless collaborator. Part 3:para6~para7 A sense of urgency is important for the company.If the team want to win,that means you not only need the people who can think fast and
人物介绍类 一、常用表达 1. 常用词汇 人物： couple 夫妻parents 父母child 孩子single 单身者male 男的female 女的husband 丈夫wife 妻子father 父亲mother 母亲son 儿子daughter 女儿grandchildren 孙辈grandson 孙子，外孙granddaughter 孙女，外孙女brother 兄弟sister 姐妹twin 双胞胎的grandfather 祖父grandmother 祖母granny 奶奶，外婆grandma 奶奶，外婆grandpa 爷爷，外公great-grandfather 曾祖父great-grandmother 曾祖母son-in-law 女婿daughter-in-law 儿媳father-in-law 岳父（公公）mother-in-law 岳母（婆婆）sister-in-law 妯娌stepfather 继父stepmother 继母stepson 继子stepdaughter 继女stepbrother 异父(母)之兄弟stepsister 异父(母)之姐妹uncle 叔父，伯父，舅父，姑父aunt 婶母，伯母，舅母，姑母nephew 侄儿，外甥niece 侄女，外甥女cousin 堂兄妹，表兄妹 年龄： a five-year-old boy一个五岁的男孩；at the age of five在五岁时 As a child, I liked to... 我小时候喜欢…… 出身： was born in ... 出生在……； was born into a rich/poor family出生于一个富裕/贫穷家庭 外貌： young 年轻的；old年老的；handsome英俊的；beautiful美丽的；ugly丑陋的；long hair长发；straight hair直发；tall高的；medium build中等身材；a 1.80-meter-tall boy 一个高1.8米的男孩；fat/overweight胖的；thin瘦的；slim苗条的；strong 强壮的；good-looking 长得好看；well dressed 穿得漂亮 性格： outgoing外向的；shy害羞的；friendly友好的；quiet安静的；kind和谐的，友 1 / 3
Writing Pattern 作文大致可以概括为两大类: A. 分析说明型; B.解决争议型(常需陈述个人观点). 有时也会出现把两者糅合在一起的作文题目. A型: 可以从三方面入手,如分析原因, 分析其重要性, 分析结果. 可以理解为某事物或现象的过去、现在、将来。 如题目：环境保护： 1．环境保护的话题越来越引起大家的关注； 2．环境保护与人类生活的关系。 提示如下： 开头和结尾是定式，中间可以有二至三段讲自己的观点。 Example: On Environmental Protection ①Recently/Nowadays, the issue/topic of environmental protection has aroused/drawn considerable concern/attention in public. As a matter of fact, an increasing number of people are taking part in the cause of protecting our environment, such as popularizing the importance of environmental protection, urging government to enact/make new laws and regulations on it, volunteering in cleaning and maintaining public environment. Obviously, people are doing this because they come to realize the importance of environmental protection, which are as follows. ②To begin with/ First(ly), people are becoming aware of the effect on health by environmental polution. For example, ………….. ③Secondly, people also become concious of their responsibility for their offspring who may be affected if environment is not properl y protected by us now. …………………..
中国地质大学 研究生课程论文封面 课程名称研究生英语 教师姓名何霜 研究生姓名刘改宁 研究生学号1201510871 研究生专业数学 所在院系数理学院 类别: A.博士 B.硕士 C.进修生 日期: 2016 年4月15 日
Summary 1.The summary of “From Competence to Commitment”. In thisarticle,“From Competence to Commitment”,Ernest Boyer argues that itis not enough to merely teach undergraduates the specialized skills needed to do a particular job. R ather, students need “a large vision.” He argues that they need to become familiar with issues far beyond the simple concerns of a narrow academic field, and gain an appreciation of the values and philosophy of their own culture as well as the issues shaping nations far from the university campus. In addition to learning specialized facts and skills, students should examine larger issues of right and wrong, so that each student may develop the intellectual sophistication required to make wise decision for themselves and their society. Therefore Ernest Boyerstates that the undergraduate education should move the student from competence to commitment. At first, the author reveals a common phenomenon that many college students are confused about where to put their belief. In order to work out this problem, undergraduate education should reflect in loyalties that rise above self. Next, college graduates should fulfill civic obligations. The imperative measures should be taken to narrow the gap between public policy and public understanding in American teaching today. The complicated public liferequires more participation of citizens,
高考英语写作中常见19种修辞手法详解及 人物简洁介绍 高考英语写作中常见19种修辞手法详解及人物简洁介绍 高考英语写作中常见19种修辞手法详解 1.Simile 明喻 明喻是将具有共性的不同事物作对比.这种共性存在于人们的心里,而不是事物的自然属性. 标志词常用like, as, seem, as if, as though, similar to, such as 等. 例如: 1.He was like a cock who thought the sun had risen to hear him crow. 2.I wandered lonely as a cloud. 3.Einstein only had a blanket on, as if he had just walked out of a fairy tale. 2.Metaphor 隐喻,暗喻 隐喻是简缩了的明喻,是将某一事物的名称用于另一事物,通过比较形成. 例如: 1.Hope is a good breakfast, but it is a bad supper. 2.Some books are to be tasted, others swallowed, and some few to be chewed and digested. 3.Metonymy 借喻,转喻
借喻不直接说出所要说的事物,而使用另一个与之相关的事物名称. I.以容器代替内容,例如: 1.The kettle boils. 水开了. 2.The room sat silent. 全屋人安静地坐着. II.以资料.工具代替事物的名称,例如: Lend me your ears, please. 请听我说. III.以作者代替作品,例如: a complete Shakespeare 莎士比亚全集 VI.以具体事物代替抽象概念,例如: I had the muscle, and they made money out of it. 我有力气,他们就用我的力气赚钱. 4.Synecdoche 提喻 提喻用部分代替全体,或用全体代替部分,或特殊代替一般. 例如: 1.There are about 100 hands working in his factory.(部分代整体) 他的厂里约有100名工人. 2.He is the Newton of this century.(特殊代一般) 他是本世纪的牛顿. 3.The fox goes very well with your cap.(整体代部分) 这狐皮围脖与你的帽子很相配.
三一文库（https://www.doczj.com/doc/256980536.html,） 〔关于人物介绍的英语作文精选〕 人物介绍类英语作文一直是考试英语作文的一种重要 题型，下面就来看看介绍人物的英语作文怎么写吧。 ▲人物介绍英语作文一 Li Yan, an engineer, was born on February 9, 1965 in Beijing, China. After he graduated from Qinghua University in 1987, he made an important decision in his life. He decided to go to the United States for his further study. After four years' hard work, he mastered new management ideas an advanced technologies in computer field. In 1992, he got his doctor's degree. In 2008, he made another decision that to return
to his motherland and started a company. However, his wife and daughter had got used to the American way of life, so they still stay in the United States. But they still can meet frequently, because of the convenient transportation, and his wife and daughter often visit him in holidays. ▲人物介绍英语作文二 My mother has a pair of keen eyes which can speak. With her eyes,she observed my mood, gave me courage and made me strong. Therefore, I could face difficulties. When I was a baby learning to walk, my mother always lent me a hand and encouraged me to get up while I fell down. As I finally threw myself into her arms, her eyes smiled with praise. Later as I grew up, I met with more difficulties. But whenever I was frustrated, my mother's eyes always
Unit 14 Summary In the text the author makes clear that mistakes are at very base of human thought.If things go wrong, it must be a personal, human error.The computer is an extension of the human brain.But real thinking is not the responsibility of the computer.So to err is human.Making mistakes is not the important error,what is needed is to learn from our mistakes and make progress.Other creatures do not seem to have DNA sequences for making mistakes.In fact,making mistakes is a unique human gift that distinguishes humans from other low-grade animals and encourages us to actively explore and create. The author advocates that computers should have ideas and do their own things.If computers were not interfered with by human thought, an ordinary computer would be able to work out the conclusion we had spent our entire life.We will reap huge gains from almost infinite precision machine calculations.The future of mankind and computers may be promising. 171319030007 张丹丹
上册 Summary of Unit2(Recession-proofing your career) in the text,the author firstly tries to tell us that guaranteed jobs have already become history.These days,no matter what our official employment status,we are all temporary workers. But there is much that you can do to protect yourself from change and economic upheaval,by equipping yourself with the skills to manage your career more effectively.She then suggests some skills.She recommends discovering both your overt and covert talents,making sure that a wide range of positions are available to you,and never committing to any“hot job”which exceeds either your interest or talent.Moreover,you should cultivate and maintain an active network both inside and outside of your profession,to“market”yourself,to convince the employer that you are the most suitable candidate for the job.Finally,always follow work trends. I am bound to face the work dilemma in the future sooner or later.I quite agree with the author’s opinion.There is no reason for us to stop learning when we are working.The author’s suggestions will help me much in the foreseeable future. 翻译： 在文中，作者首先试图告诉我们，保证工作已经成为历史，如今，不管我们在职场从事的是什么工作，我们都只是临时工。但是你可以学习一些技能来更有效地规划自己的事业，使自己免受变化和经济震荡的影响。她提出一些技能。她建议，发现你的显性和隐性的人才，确保广泛的职位提供给你，决不承诺任何“热门工作”而超过你的兴趣或才能。你应该在自己的行业内外建立和维持一个活跃的人际网络，来“推销”自己，说服雇主，你是最合适的求职者。最后，总是遵循工作趋势。 我迟早要面对这个工作的窘境。我完全同意作者的观点。当我们工作的时候，我们没有理由停止学习。作者的建议将在可预见的将来，我有很多的帮助。 Summary of Unit3(Lies) People usually have very negative views regarding lies.Liars are frequently criticized,even cursed.Yet this passage exemplifies a different perspective,one which cruelly reveals the fact that everyone tells lies.We can not live without lying and the lies direct out thoughts and the truth.We need our lies to mask our fear and anxiety about life and death----about the many things we do not understand and control.Lies make us feel superior to other species.Religions abound with myths and tales,which are basically lies that provide human beings with a sense of safety.People need big lies,because lying disguises our mortality,our inadequacies,our fears and anxieties,our loneliness in the midst of the crowd. I just agree the author’s views in a certain degree.People say some white lies,but it is moral problems if a person always tells lies.No one would like a man who never speaks the truth.Lies can not make our life,also can not let the world better.Which can make the world better only the more beautiful heart. 翻译： 人们通常对谎言有很消极的看法。骗子经常被批评，甚至被诅咒。然而，这篇文章是一
Unit1 How to read a book “Some books are to be tasted ,others to be swallowed, and some to be chewed and digested.” Francis Bacon warned readers several hundred years ago. However, what are the criteria for those books to be “chewed and digested?” How to tell good literature form bad literature? On these issues, people don’t seem to have reached an agreement. In the article, Joseph Brodsky first states that people’s life is generally much shorter than books, and that it is important for people to select good books to read. Yet, the author further argues that selecting good books from the ocean of literary works is no easy job; even book reviewers can’t help much. In the end, the author suggests that reading poetry is the way to develop good taste in literature, because it is the supreme form of human locution, the moist concise way of conveying the human experience, and offers the highest possible standards for any linguistic operation. Unit2 Recession-proofing Your Career In the text, Dr. Barbara Moses describes a new career development paradigm for today’s employees, that is, guaranteed jobs have already become history and it’s high time to engage in a lifelong, self-monitored process which can help to promote and prepare oneself fro a change, esp. during periods of recession. She then suggests some skills which are
The summary of Unit5 Sandwich generation In the modern society，there are a large group，They are the so-called Sandwich generation，people who are struggling to care for both their children and their elders，often while holding down a job as well.The Sandwich generation are living a hard life. The statistics show that the proportion of seniors living with their children is decreasing，those who do move in with their children enter households profoundly changed from previous generations.Because toda y′s seniors had fewer children than their predecessors，there are fewer family members to share the burden.They not only have some elder-care responsibilities，ranging from occasional help with groceries to fulltime care at home，but also care for their children.In fact，the parents of an average family now work 65 to 80 hours a week，up from 40 to 45 hours a week in the 1950s.To stay in the place
上册 Summary of Unit 2(Recession-proofing your career) in the text, the author firstly tries to tell us that guaranteed jobs have already become history. These days,no matter what our official employment status,we are all temporary workers. But there is much that you can do to protect yourself from change and economic upheaval, by equipping yourself with the skills to manage your career more effectively. She then suggests some skills.She recommends discovering both your overt and covert talents, making sure that a wide range of positions are available to you, and never committing to any “hot job”which exceeds either your interest or talent. Moreover, you should cultivate and maintain an active network both inside and outside of your profession, to “market” yo urself, to convince the employer that you are the most suitable candidate for the job.Finally, always follow work trends. I am bound to face the work dilemma in the future sooner or later. I quite agree with the author’s opinion. There is no reason for us to stop learning when we are working. The author’s suggestions will help me much in the foreseeable future. 翻译： 在文中，作者首先试图告诉我们，保证工作已经成为历史，如今，不管我们在职场从事的是什么工作，我们都只是临时工。但是你可以学习一些技能来更有效地规划自己的事业，使自己免受变化和经济震荡的影响。她提出一些技能。她建议，发现你的显性和隐性的人才，确保广泛的职位提供给你，决不承诺任何“热门工作”而超过你的兴趣或才能。你应该在自己的行业内外建立和维持一个活跃的人际网络，来“推销”自己，说服雇主，你是最合适的求职者。最后，总是遵循工作趋势。 我迟早要面对这个工作的窘境。我完全同意作者的观点。当我们工作的时候，我们没有理由停止学习。作者的建议将在可预见的将来，我有很多的帮助。 Summary of Unit 3(Lies) People usually have very negative views regarding lies. Liars are frequently criticized, even cursed. Yet this passage exemplifies a different perspective, one which cruelly reveals the fact that everyone tells lies. We can not live without lying and the lies direct out thoughts and the truth. We need our lies to mask our fear and anxiety about life and death----about the many things we do not understand and control. Lies make us feel superior to other species. Religions abound with myths and tales, which are basically lies that provide human beings with a sense of
安大研究生英语上册summary UNIT1 Josph Brosky puts himself very clearly in the text.how to read a book.Many books are less limited than ourselves,many writers write a good book through all their lives.therefore,in literature good is defined by its distinction from bad.our readers ought to pick up good books that bring the human predicament into its sharpest possibly focus.the man so called literary criticism all have their limit.the writer accounts poem an a way to develop good taste in literature. he think it as the supreme form of human locution .for it isconcise and offers the highest possible standards for any linguistic operation.A man who used to read poetry may have no interest in bad prose. The writer explain his opinion clearly in the text lies.the text can be divided into three parts.Although we all be taught not tu tell lies since our childhood.we can not deny the fact that people tell lies from time to time for different reason.People may tell white lies ro protect their friend, their friend,their family,or even just for themselves.Religions always tell lies to offer people the hope of life. the government may tell lies to ensure their manipulate of encomy .Lies around us everywhere ,it directs our thoughts and actions everyday and we may never doubt big lies to comfort ourselves.most people want sth moreconsoling than terrible facts.peopleneed big lies because lying disguses our morlatity,our indueques ,our fears and anxiety ,our loneliness in the midst of crowd ,we can nor live without lies. John F. kennedy is the 35th president of America.He gave this speech on his inaugural day.I think this exciting inaugural address can be divided into three parts.In the first part,K commit to do what the oath said although the world is different.Heshou his comfidence to maintain human rights and the sucdess of liberty.He speaks to many kinds of people in the second part.he pledge the loyality offairhful friend,shouws whlcome to the new states ,and pledge them besr efforts to help the struggling national,he offers a special pledge to the south of America that he hopes to convent good words into good deeds.he renews his pledge of support to the United Nations.he even speaks to their hostile state for peace.In the third pare,he calls for citizen to do sth”Ask not what Amer ica will do for you,but whar together we can do for the freedom of man” In the article ,the writer light the necessity for recession-proofing our career and gives his stratergies for recession proofing our career.he thinks our world as a TempWorle .everyone of us may be influenced by it,so all of us should be a career activist .The first strategy is to ensure our employability.he adviced us to currency ability,then create a fallback position in case we have to change our mind-set.knowing our key skills will help us to know ourselves well.being prepared for areas of competence will shorten the time we stepping in a new filed .he also advice us to build a knowledge netork and market ourselves in an opporiate way.As for our thought,we should learn to feel good about ourselves and to act ambitious
2019级高一英语学案 新高考英语作文新题型——概要写作 一. 概要写作题型特点 概要写作（summary），《牛津高阶英语词典》（第8 版）对它的定义如下:“A summary is a brief statement that gives only the main points of something not the details”。也就是要求考生在整体把握原文的前提下，用自己简洁、精练的语言，对原文的主旨大意进行高度的浓缩，写出一篇语义连贯的短文，也可称之为摘要。这一题型一方面考查学生通过阅读获取文章主旨大意和关键词的能力，另一方面也考查学生的写作能力即用简洁的语言概括文章重要信息的能力以及对文章整体结构的把握能力。因此，概要写作是基于阅读理解和书面表达的，是二者的有机结合体，是阅读理解和书面表达的沟通桥梁。 从《考试说明》上对概要写作的评分原则以及各档次的给分范围和要求的规定中，我们可以发现概要写作有以下特点： 客观性：概要写作其实是一种客观的复述，在正确理解原文的基础上，用自己的语言忠实地再现作者的思想，写作内容要全面，既不能漏掉任何要点，也不能随意增加内容；写作时要尽可能避免使用原文中的字句。考生应通过释义的方式，用自己的语言呈现原文主要内容。需要注意的是，考生不能对原文进行解释和评论，也不能掺杂任何个人想法，或做出任何评判，因此不能出现“I believe”, “I think”等字句。 简洁性：简洁是概要写作的一个显著特点。概要写作是一种对原文“浓缩”后产生的新语篇，通过删除原文中的细节减少例证，简化描述内容以及去除重复来实现语言的简洁性，但是简洁的同时还要做到意义的完整。 连贯性：概要写作并不是写提纲那样只是要点的罗列。写概要时，必须在各要点之间增加一些体现逻辑的关系词，使概要衔接紧密、脉络清晰。写出的概要读起来要完整连贯、独立成篇。 二. 评分原则 《考试说明》中关于概要的评分原则中第一条：本题总分为25分，按5个档次给分；评分时，先根据所写概要的内容和语言初步确定其所属档次，然后以该档次的要求衡量、确定或调整档次，最后给分。其中最高档次第五档（21-25分）的给分描述如下：理解准确，涵盖全部要点；能准确使用相应的语法结构和词汇；有效地使用了语句间的连接成分，使所完成的概要结构紧凑；完全使用自己的语言。 三. 解题思路 1. 通读全文，确定文体，明确文章结构，标出关键信息。（注意区分事实和观点，重要和次要，普遍与特殊，相关和不相关信息，原因和结果等逻辑关系） 2. 改写，重组关键词。用同义表达替换；分词短语，从句，语态转换整合信息；关键词可以不变。（注意语言简练，客观） 3. 润色全文，连句成篇。（尽可能恰当使用功能连接词） 从不同文体入手，解题思路如下： 记叙文： 1. 通读全文，寻词，摘句，定要素。 把握六要素who,when,where,what,how,why (5w1h) 和故事情节plot (引入---发展---高潮---结局---尾声) 引入（Exposition）: 作为故事的开端，主要交代故事的背景（时间，地点，人物，矛盾冲突）； 发展（Rising action）: 故事矛盾不断变化发展的过程； 高潮（Climax）：故事矛盾冲突的转折点，故事最紧张的部分; 结局（Falling action）: 故事发展的结局，矛盾最终的解决； 尾声（Resolution）: 故事结局的影响以及作者的总结思考。尾声不是情节发展的必要部分，并非所有文章都必备。