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中北大学毕业设计英文文献及中文翻译

中北大学毕业设计英文文献及中文翻译
中北大学毕业设计英文文献及中文翻译

毕业设计说明书

英文文献及中文翻译

学生姓名:学号南社区0906064109

学院:电子与计算机科学技术学院

专业:网络工程

指导教师:

刘爽英

2018年6月

An Overview of Servlet and JSP Technology

Gildas Avoi ne and Philippe Oechsli n

EPFL, Lausa nne, Switzerla nd

1.1A Servlet's Job

Servlets are Java programs that run on Web or application servers, acting as a middle layer betwee n requests coming from Web browsers or other HTTP clie nts and databases or applicatio ns on the HTTP server. Their job is to perform the followi ng

tasks, as illustrated in Figure 1-1b5E2RGbCAP

Web Server

(Servlets JSP)

Figure 1-1 1.Read the explicit data sent by the client. Database

Legacy Application Java Application Web Service

Client (End User)

The end user normally enters this data in an HTML form on a Web page. However, the data could also come from an applet or a custom HTTP clie nt program EanqFDPw

2.Read the implicit HTTP request data sent by the browser X DiTa9E3d

Figure 1-1 shows a single arrow going from the client to the Web server (the layer where servlets and JSP execute〉, but there are really two varieties of data: the explicit data that the end user en ters in a form and the behi nd-the-sce nes HTTP in formati on. Both varieties are critical. The HTTP information includes cookies, information about media types and compressi on schemes the browser un dersta nds, and sc RTCTpUDGiT

3.Gen erate the results.

This process may require talking to a database,executing an RMI or EJB call, invoking a Web service, or computing the response directly. Your real data may be in a relati onal database. Fine. But your database probably does n't speak HTTP or retur n results in HTML, so the Web browser can't talk directly to the database.Even if it could, for security reasons, you probably would not want it to. The same argument applies to most other applications. You need the Web middle layer to extract the incoming data from the HTTP stream, talk to the application, and embed the results in side a docume nt5PCzVD7HxA

4.Send the explicit data (i.e., the document> to the client-BHrnAiLg

This document can be sent in a variety of formats, including text (HTML or XML>, bi nary (GIF images>, or eve n a compressed format like gzip that is layered on top of some other un derly ing format. But, HTML is by far the most com mon format, so an importa nt servlet/JSP task is to wrap the results in side of HTML H AQX74J0X

5.Send the implicit HTTP response data.

Figure 1-1 shows a single arrow going from the Web middle layer (the servlet or JSP page> to the clie nt. But, there are really two varieties of data sent: the docume nt itself and the behind-the-scenes HTTP information. Again, both varieties are critical to effective developme nt. Sending HTTP resp onse data invo Ives telli ng the browser or other clie nt what type of docume nt is being retur ned (e.g., HTML>, sett ing cookies and cach ing parameters, and other such task LD AYtR y KfE

1.2Why Build Web Pages Dynamically?

many client requests can be satisfied by prebuilt documents, and the server would handle these requests without invoking servlets. In many cases, however, a static result is not sufficie nt, and a page n eeds to be gen erated for each request. There are a nu mber of reas ons why Web pages n eed to be built on-the-f Z y z6ZB2Ltk

1.The Web page is based on data sent by the clie dvZ f vkwMi1

For instanee, the results page from search engines and order-confirmation pages at on li ne stores are specific to particular user requests. You don't know what to display un til you read the data that the user submits. Just remember that the user submits two kinds of data: explicit (i.e., HTML form data> and implicit (i.e., HTTP request headers>. Either kind of in put can be used to build the output page. In particular, it is quite com mon to build

a user-specific page based on a cookie value.ni4ZNxi

2.The Web page is derived from data that changes frequent f y.xvxotoc。

If the page changes for every request, then you certainly need to build the response at request time. If it changes only periodically, however, you could do it two ways: you could periodically build a new Web page on the server (in depe nden tly of clie nt requests>, or you could wait and only build the page whe n the user requests it. The right approach depends on the situation, but sometimes it is more convenient to do the latter: wait for the user request. For example, a weather report or news headli nes site might build the pages dyn amically, perhaps retur ning a previously built page if that page is still up to

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3.The Web page uses information from corporate databasesor other server-side

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If the information is in a database,you need server-side processing even if the clie nt is using dyn amic Web content such as an applet. Imagi ne using an applet by itself for a search engine site:avU42VRUs "Downloading 50 terabyte applet, please wait!" Obviously, that is silly。 you need to talk to the database. Going from the client to the Web tier to the database (a three-tier approach> in stead of from an applet directly to a database(a two-

tier approach> provides in creased flexibility and security with little or no performa nee pen alty. After all, the database call is usually the rate-limit ing step, so going through

the Web server does not slow things dow n. In fact, a three-tier approach is ofte n faster because the middle tier can perform cach ing and conn ecti on pooli ng6v3AL o S89 In principle, servlets are not restricted to Web or application servers that handle HTTP requests but can be used for other types of servers as well. For example, servlets could be embedded in FTP or mail servers to extend their functionality. And, a servlet API for SIP (Sessi on In itiatio n Protocol> servers was rece ntly sta ndardized (see

https://www.doczj.com/doc/2517804209.html,/e n/jsr/detail?id=116>. I n practice, however, this use of servlets has not caught on, and we'll on ly be discuss ing HTTP servlet^^2ub6vSTnP

1.3The Advantages of Servlets Over "Traditional" CGI oYujefmuew

Java servlets are more efficie nt, easier to use, more powerful, more portable, safer, and cheaper tha n traditi onal CGI and many alter native CGI-like tech nologies euts8ZQVRd

1.Efficient

With traditional CGI, a new process is started for each HTTP request. If the CGI program itself is relatively short, the overhead of starting the process can dominate the execution time. With servlets, the Java virtual machine stays running and handles each request with a lightweight Java thread, not a heavyweight operat ing system process. Similarly, in traditional CGI, if there are N requests to the same CGI program, the code for the CGI program is loaded into memory N times. With servlets, however, there would be N threads, but only a sin gle copy of the servlet class would be loaded. This approach reduces server memory requireme nts and saves time by in sta ntiat ing fewer objects. Fin ally, whe n a CGI program fini shes han dli ng a request, the program terminates. This approach makes it difficult to cache computations, keep database connections open, and perform other optimizations that rely on persistent data. Servlets, however, rema in in memory eve n after they complete a resp onse, so it is straightforward to store arbitrarily complex data betwee n clie nt request sQsAEjkW5T

2.Convenient

Servlets have an exte nsive in frastructure for automatically pars ing and decod ing HTML form data, reading and setting HTTP headers, handling cookies, tracking sessi ons, and

many other such high-level utilities. In CGI, you have to do much of this yourself. Besides, if you already know the Java programming Ianguage, why learn Perl too? You're already con

vin ced that Java tech no logy makes for more reliable and reusable code than does Visual Basic, VBScript, or C++. Why go back to those Ian guages for server-side programmi

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3.Powerful

Servlets support several capabilities that are difficult or impossible to accomplish with regular CGI. Servlets can talk directly to the Web server, whereas regular CGI programs cannot, at least not without using a server-specific API. Communi cat ing with the Web server makes it easier to translate relative URLs into concrete path names, for instanee. Multiple servlets can also share data, making it easy to implement databaseconnection pooling and similar resource-sharing optimizations. Servlets can also mai nta in in formatio n from request to request, simplifyi ng tech niq ues like sessi on track ing and cach ing of previous computatio nsi rRGchYzg

4.Portable

Servlets are written in the Java programming Ianguage and follow a standard API. Servlets are supported directly or by a plug in on virtually every major Web server. Con seque ntly, servlets writte n for, say, Macromedia JRun can run virtually un cha nged on Apache Tomcat, Microsoft Internet Information Server (with a separate plugin>, IBM WebSphere, iPla net En terprise Server, Oracle9i AS, or StarNi ne WebStar. They are part of the Java 2 Platform, En terprise Editi on, so in dustry support for servlets is beco ming eve n more pervasiv&.EqzcWLZNx

5.Inexpensive

A nu mber of free or very in expe nsive Web servers are good for developme nt use or deployment of low- or medium-volume Web sites. Thus, with servlets and JSP you can start

with a free or in expe nsive server and migrate to more expe nsive servers with high-performa nce capabilities or adva need adm ini strati on utilities only after your project meets in itial success. This is in con trast to many of the other CGI alter natives, which require a significant initial investment for the purchase of a proprietarypackage!zq7IG f02E Price and portability are somewhat conn ected. For example, Marty tries to keep track of

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中北大学毕业设计

中北大学 毕业设计开题报告 学生姓名:学号: 系别:机械工程与自动化学院、机械工程系专业:机械设计制造及其自动化 论文题目: 指导教师:教授 2012年03月13日

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10kV小区供配电英文文献及中文翻译

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英文文献及中文翻译

毕业设计说明书 英文文献及中文翻译 学院:专 2011年6月 电子与计算机科学技术软件工程

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英文论文及中文翻译

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