直接引语与间接引语
直接引语：一字不改的引用或复述别人的话，被引用或复述的部分即为直接引语。一般前后用引号，首字母大写。间接引语：用自己的话转述别人的话，被转述的部分即为间接引语。通常以宾语从句的形式出现，不用引号。直接引语变为间接引语时，要注意人称、时态、连接词、语序以及时间状语、地点状语、指示代词及方向性动词的变化。
一、人称变化
直接引语是第一人称变为间接引语时，一般要变为第三人称；第二人称变为与主句的间接宾语相一致的人称（如果没有间接宾语，可根据上下文的体会确定一个人称）；第三人称一般不改变。例如 He told me，＂I’ll give you a book when I meet you again.＂—He told me he would give me a book when he met me again.
二、时态的变化
如果主句是过去式态，变为间接引语时应向前推一个时态。即一般现在时---一般过去式，现在进行时---过去进行时，现在完成时---过去完成时，一般过去时---过去完成时，过去进行时---过去进行时，一般将来时---过去将来时,现在完成进行时---过去完成进行时，过去完成时---过去完成时，过去完成进行时---过去完成进行时。等。例如 She wondered:＂When will the meeting begin.＂—She wondered when the meeting would begin.但在以下几种情况下，间接引语的时态不用变化。
1、当直接引语表示的是客观真理或经常性的特点时。例如 She said,＂The earth goes around the sun＂.--She said that the earth goes around the sun.
2、当直接引语中有绝对具体的过去时间作状语时，保持原来的一般过去时。例如 He said,＂I left home in 1942.—He said he left home in 1942.
注：间接引语中的谓语动词有时需要适当的调整。Say后的直接引语表示陈述或命令时可变为ask; say后的直接引语表示请求或询问时可变为ask.例如 The teacher said to me,＂I have seen your book..＂—The teacher told me that she had seen my book.
三、连接词的选择
1、陈述句陈述句转化为间接引语时用that引导，也可省略 that。主句谓语动词可用直接引语中的said，也可用told来代替，可以说said that，said to sb. that, told sb. that, 不可以直接说told that.主句中的谓语还常有repeat, answer, reply, explain, announce, declare, think, 等。例如Danny said，＂I come from Canada.＂—Danny said that he came from Canada.
2、疑问句直接引语是疑问句变为间接引语时要用陈述语序。主句的动词常用ask,wonder,want to know 等。 1)、一般疑问句直接引语为一般疑问句时变为间接引语须用if或whether引导。例如 She asked me,＂Is he a teacher?＂—She asked me if/whether he was a teacher.
2}、选择疑问句或反意疑问直接引语是选择疑问句需用or;反意疑问句需用or not变为间接引语时要用whether而不用if.例如 My brother asked me,＂Is Tom tall or short?＂—My brother asked me whether Tom was tall or short.＂You are reading,aren’t you＂he said to me.—He asked me whether I was reading or not.
3)、特殊疑问句当直接引语为特殊疑问句变为间接引语时，常变成与疑问句同形的连接词引导的宾语从句，用陈述语序，问号变句号。例如＂What do you want to eat?＂he asked me.—He asked me what I wanted to eat. 3、祈使句直接引语是祈使句变为间接引语时，要用不定式表示，使其成为 ask
/tell /order sb (not) to do sth 句型。例如＂Don’t open the door.＂he said to her.—He asked her not to open the door.
4、感叹句感叹句变为间接引语时可用 what或how引导，也可用that引导。例如 He said，＂What a lovely day it is!＂—He said what a lovely day it was.—He said that it was a lovely day.
四、语序的变化
当直接引语是疑问句变为间接引语时要用陈述语序，即连接词+主语+动词的形式。例如＂Where are you going?＂he asked me.—He asked me where I was going.但当直接引语中特殊疑问词作主语时，语序不变。例如He asked, “Who is your brother.” －He asked who was my brother.
五、时间状语、地点状语、指示代词及方向性动词的变化。
now—then today—that day yesterday—the day before last might—the night before two days ago—two days before next week—the next week tomorrow—the next day the day after tomorrow—in two days’time 或者two days after here—there this—that these—those come—go bring—take 例如 He said,＂I did my homework yesterday.＂—He said he had done his homework the day before.
六、情态动词的变化
can—could must—had to或者must will—would shall—should may—might
一、单项选择：
( ) 1. He asked ________ for the computer.
A. did I pay how much
B. I paid how much
C. how much did I pay
D. how much I paid
( ) 2. “Have you seen the film?” he asked me.→He asked me ________. A. had I seen the film B. have I seen the film C. if I have seen the film D. whether I had seen the film
( ) 3. “Please close the window,” he said to me. →He ________ me ________ the window.
A. said to; to close
B. told to; closing
C. asked; to close
D. said to; please close ( ) 4. “I am a teacher,” Jack said. →He said ________.
A. that I am a teacher
B. I was a teacher
C. that he is a teacher
D. he was a teacher ( ) 5. He said, “Mother, the boy is very naughty.” →He ________ very naughty.
A. said his mother that the boy was
B. said to his mother that the boy is
C. told his mother that the boy was
D. spoke to his mother that the boy is
( ) 6. “You’ve already got well, haven’t you?” she asked. →She asked ________or not.
A. if I have already got well, hadn’t you
B. whether I had already got well
C. have I already got well
D. had I already got well
( ) 7. He asked, “Are you a Party member or a League member?” →He asked me ________.
A. am I a Party member or a League member
B. was I a Party member or a League member
C. if I was a Party member or a League member
D. whether was I a Party member or a League member
( ) 8. He asked, “How are you getting along?” →He asked ________.
A. how am I getting along
B. how are you getting along
C. how I was getting along
D. how was I getting along ( ) 9. He asked me ________ with me.
A. what the matter is
B. what the matter is
C. what’s th e matter
D. what was wrong
( ) 10. He said, “Don’t do that again.” →He ________ me ________ that again.
A. said to; not to do
B. said to; don’t do
C. told; don’t do
D. told; not to do
二、直接引语转换间接引语
1. “I saw a note on my desk.” she said.
2. Mother said, “I’ll go to the park tomorrow.”
3. He said to me, “Your brother broke it.”
4. Tom said, “My sister was here three days ago.”
5. “We stayed there for two weeks.” she told me.
6. She said, “I have given up smoking.”
7. “We’ve known each other for about three years.” the young man told him.
8. “I haven’t seen her these days.” he said.
9. “Mother gave me a new book as a present yesterday.” Mary said.
10. “Do you like English or Chinese?” the teacher asked me.
11. “What did you do yesterday?” she asked me.
12. “Would you like an apple?” mother asked me.
13. “Don’t open the door.” she said to me.
14. “Come here early tomorrow.” the teacher said to us.
15. “Did you go to the cinema last night?” she asked.
16. “Keep the door closed.” the old man said to us.
17. “Did you go there by train or by bus?” the teacher asked.
18. “They are playing on the playground.” Jim said.
三、在横线上填上合适的词
1. He exclaimed how lovely the house ___________.
2. We didn’t know ___________ she hadn’t handed in the paper.
3. The monitor ___________ the five of us to clean the floor yesterday afternoon.
4. Anderson told us ___________ his father had just returned from Shanghai.
5. She ___________ us to help the old woman in our village that day.
6. My father asked me ___________ was the matter when he came back.
7. That fellow always ___________ me clean his shoes for him.
8. Tom said that he ___________ in the army for three years.
9. —What did Alice say just now? —She said that ___________ would borrow that dictionary form Mary.
10. I wonder ___________ she can attend my party this evening.
四、单项选择
1. Right now, the boss ordered John to hand in his design ________.
A. this afternoon
B. this afternoon
C. today
D. that day
2. Jimmy ________ her if she had seen him there that afternoon. A. said to B. asked
C. told
D. ask
3. Uncle Wang ordered us to ________ his house at once. A. come out of B. come C. go
out of D. go
4. The road is covered with snow. I can’t unders tand ________ they insist on going by
motor-bike.
A. why
B. whether
C. when
D. how
5. Chen Qiang told Mr. Smith that the People’s Republic of China _______ in October 1,1949.
A. founded
B. had been founded
C. found
D. was founded
6. She said to me that _______ might keep ________ book for two days.
A. she; this
B. I; that
C. I; this
D. you; this
7. In order to choose the right one, she first asked me _______ I want to use a dictionary
for.
A. what
B. why
C. how
D. whether
8. Customers are asked to make sure that they _______ the right change before leaving the
shop.
A. will give
B. have been given
C. have given
D. will be given
9. Linda shouted that you _______ your homework ahead of her.
A. finished
B. would finish
C. had finished
D. have finished
10. My girlfriend asked me _______ I knew it was her birthday that day or not.
A. whether
B. that
C. why
D. what
五、巩固练习：
1、He asked，＂Is the door open or closed.＂
He asked _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____.
2、She said,＂I have left my coat in your room.＂
She said _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ ______ ______ ______.
3、She said,＂I wrote to my friends yesterday.＂
She said _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ ______ ______ _______ ______.
4、Mother asked me,＂When will you be back next time.＂
Mother asked me_____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____.
5、The teacher told the students,＂The earth is round.＂
The teacher told the students_____ _____ _____ _____ _____ .
6、The guard said to Lenin,＂Please show me your pass.＂The guard asked Tom_____ _____
_____ _____ _____ .
7、Danny said ,＂Are you leaving today or tomorrow, Ling Ming?＂
Danny asked Li Ming_____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ ______ ______ ______.
8、He said ,＂My sister was here two days ago, but she is not here now＂
He said _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____, but_____ was not there then.
参考答案：
一、单项选择
1-5 DDCDC BDCDD
二、直接引语转换间接引语参考答案
1. She said that she had seen a note on her desk.
2. Mother said that she would go to the park the next day.
3. He told me that my brother had broken it.
4. Tom said that his sister had been there three days before.
5. She told me that they had stayed there for two weeks.
6. She said that she had given up smoking.
7. The young man told him that they had known each other for about three years.
8. He said that he hadn’t seen her those da ys.
9. Mary said that (her) mother had given her a new book as a present the day before. 10. The teacher asked me whether I liked English or Chinese. 11. She asked me what I had done the day before. 12. Mother asked me if/whether I would like an apple. 13. She asked me not to open the door. 14. The teacher told us to go there early the next day. 15. She asked whether/if I had gone to the cinema the night before. 16. The old man told me us to keep the door closed. 17. The teacher asked whether we had gone there by train or by bus.
18. Jim said that they were playing on the playground.
三、在横线上填上合适的词
1. Was
2. why/ that
3. asked/ ordered
4. that
5. advised /asked / ordered
6. what / has / makes 8. had been / had served 9. she / whether
四、单项选择
1-5DBCAD 6-10BABCA
五、巩固练习：
答案：1. if the door was open or closed 2. she had left her coat in my room
3. that she had written to her friends the day before 4 .when I would be back the next time 5. that the earth is round 6 .to show him his pass
7 .whether he was leaving that day or the next day 8. his sister had been there two days before ,she .
语篇型语法填空解题技巧 根据四川高考教育改革方案，2016年英语考试将采用全国卷，届时将才用新题型 ---------语篇语法填空。现笔者根据自己的研习理解对该题型的答题提出一些有益建议。 一、语篇型语法填空题的题型特点 根据《大纲说明》，语篇型语法填空题的形式为：在一篇200词左右的语篇中留出10处空白，部分空白的后面给出单词的基本形式，要求考生根据上下文填写空白处所需的内容或所提供单词的正确形式，所填写的单词不得多于3个。考生须灵活运用语法知识，判断各 空白处应填写的内容。本题型材料贴近真实情景，上下文内容丰富，对考生精细阅读能力和语法运用能力要求较高，而且该题型在高考卷中所占的分值为15分，地位举足轻重。 语篇型语法填空包括短文体和对话体两种形式，命题分“无提示词”和“有提示词”两种题型。 1. 无提示词题型，即没有提示词的纯空格题型。一般有6个或7个小题，考查了代词、冠词、关联词（连词）和介词等] 2. 有提示词题型，即要求用括号中所给词的正确形式填空。一般有3个或4个小题，考查谓语动词的时态和被动语态、非谓语动词、形容词或副词的比较级、词类转化等。 二、语篇型语法填空题的解题技巧 With nations in West Africa 1 (face) the biggest and most complex outbreak of Ebola Hemorrhagic Fever in history, Top . health officials discussed 2 (far)aid with leaders from Liberia, Sierra Leone and Nigeria who are attending the Leaders Summit in Washington this week. There is no known cure for Ebola, 3 is spread through contact 4 bodily fluids and causes symptoms including fever, headaches, vomiting and diarrhea, and can lead to internal bleeding. Medical 5 (supply) and expertise are badly needed to combat a disease that at least 900 people have been killed and more than 1700 6 (infect) . Two Americans who contracted Ebola while working in a
人称变化的原则: 1. “一随主”是指在直接引语变间接引语时，如果从句中的主语是第一人称或被第一人称所修饰。从句中的人称要按照主句中主语的人称变化如 She said. "My brother wants to go shopping with me. ” She said her brother wanted to go shopping with her. 2. “二随宾”是指直接引语变间接引语时，若从句中的主语及宾语是第二人称或被第二人你所修饰。从句中的人称要跟引号外的主句的宾语一致。如： He said to Kate. "How is your sister now?” →He asked Kate how her sister was then. 3. “第三人称不更新”是指直接引语变间接引语时。如果从句中的主语及宾语是第三人称或被第三人称所修饰从句中的人称一般不需要变化如： Mr. Smith said, “Jack is a good boy.”Mr. Smith said Jack was a good boy. 句型变化原则: ①直接引语如果是陈述句，间接引语应改为由that引导的宾语从句。 She said, "Our bus will arrive in five minutes.“She said that their bus would arrive in five minutes. ②直接引语如果是反意疑问句，选择疑问句或一般疑问句，间接引语应改为由whether或if引导的宾语从句. He said, "Can you swim, John?“ He asked John if he could swim。 ③直接引语如果是特殊问句，间接引语应该改为由疑问代词或疑问副词引导的宾语从句（宾语从句必须用陈述句语序）。 She asked me, "When do they have their dinner?” She asked me when they had their dinner. ④直接引语如果是祈使句，间接引语应改为“ Tell (ask, order, beg等) sb (not) to do sth.”句型。 如： 1."Don't make any noise," the teacher said to the students. She told (ordered) the students not to make any noise. 2.“Open the door, please," said she. She asked him to open the door. ⑤直接引语如果是以“Let's”开头的祈使句，变为间接引语时，通常用“suggest +动句词（或从句）”如： He said, "Let's go to the movies." He suggested going to the movies. 或He suggested that they should go to see the movies. 1.“I never eat meat.” he said. He said that ______ never ______ meat. 2.“I’ve found my wallet.” he said to me. He ______ me that he ______ ______ ______ wallet. 3.“I took it home with me.” she said. She said that ______ ______ _______ it home with her. 4.The teacher said, “The sun rises in the east and goes down in the west.” The teacher said that the sun ______ in the east and ______ down in the west. 5.“I met her yesterday.” he said to me. He ______ me that he ______ met the day ______. 6.“You must come here before five.” he said. He said that I ______ to go ______ before five. 7.“I bought the house 10 years ago.” he said. He said that he _______ bought the house 10 years _______. 8.“Did you see her last week?” he said. He ______ ______ I had seen her the week _______. 9.He said, “You can sit here, Jim.” He ______ Jim that he ______ sit there 10.He asked, “How did you find it, mother?” He as ked her mother ______ ______ ______ found it. 11.“Where have you been these days?” he asked. He asked me _______ _______ _______been _______ days. 12.“Do you know where she lives?” he asked. He asked ______ ______ knew where she ______. 13.“Stop making so much noise, children.” he said. He ______ the children ______ ______ making so much noise. 14.“Don’t tell him the news.” she said. She told me _______ _______ him the news. 15.“Are you inte r ested in this?” he said. He ______ ______ I was int erested in ______.
初中语法填空专题讲解学习目标：语法填空技巧解读及实训 Part A：语法填空技巧 一、题目形式：一篇文章10个空，每空1分，共10分。 其中，一般7个空是有提示词（用所给词的正确形式填空）; 另外3个是没有提示词（需要填入连词，代词，介词，冠词）。 二、解题要求：它不但要求考生有扎实的词汇、语法等基础知识和对句型结构的灵活运用能力, 而且还要求考生有良好的语感和一定的阅读理解能力。 三、解题步骤： 1、快速浏览，了解大意。对于简单有把握的空，可以先填出来; 2、上下求索，填出答案。根据上下文及空格前后的逻辑关系，填出正确的词以及正确的形式; 3、通读全文，检查确认。特别要注意，根据文章意思，有些空是否要加入否定前缀。 四、解题思路： 1、有提示词 这类题和咱们以前用所给词的正确形式填空做题方法基本一致，首先需要我们根据上下文，分析句子成分，确定空格所需要的词性，再根据前后文确定词形。 ★解题小窍门： (1)形容词修饰名词或作表语； ①如果需要填入，我们则需要判断是否有的变化； ②如果需要填入，应考虑是否需要变成。 https://www.doczj.com/doc/251099813.html,ng Lang is a _________ (success) pianist and he is popular with many people. 2.If you like candy and chocolate, Candylicious must be the (good) place for you. 3. There are three _____ (paragraph) in this passage. 4.My English teacher is very ____ (patience).She explains every question carefully to me. https://www.doczj.com/doc/251099813.html,pared(比较) cats and dogs, I like dogs more because dogs are (easy) to look after. (2)副词修饰动词、形容词及整个句子。 ①当副词修饰整个句子时，它的位置通常是位于且与整个句子隔开。 ②如果需要填入，也应考虑是否需要变成。 1.I went to many places to find a job. （final），I found a job. 2.I am very glad to get this task. , it is so difficult for me to finish it. 3. The mother looks _______ (sadness). She looks at her son _______(sadness).
初中英语直接引语变间接引语练习题 一、将所给直接引语变为间接引语，每空一词： 1. “I never eat meat.” he said.He said that ______ never ______ meat. 2. “I’ve found my wallet.” he said to me.He ______ me that he ______ ______ ______ wallet. 3. “I took it home with me.” she said.She said that ______ ______ _______ it home with her. 4. The teacher said, “The sun rises in the east and goes down in the west.” The teacher said that the sun ______ in the east and ______ down in the west. 5. “I met her yesterday.” he said to me.He ______ me that he ______ met the day ______. 6. “You must come here before five.” he said.He said that I ______ to go ______ before five. 7. “I bought the house 10 years ago.” he said.He said that he _______ bought the house 10 years _______. 8. “Did you see her last week?” he said.He ______ ______ I had seen her the week _______. 9. He said, “You can sit here, Jim.”He ______ Jim that he ______ sit there. 10. He asked, “How did you find it, mother?”He asked her mother ______ ______ ______ found it. 11. “Where have you been these days?” he asked.He asked me _______ _______ _______been _______ days. 12. “Do you know where she lives?” he asked.He asked ______ ______ knew where she ______. 13. “Stop making so much noise, children.” he said. He ______ the children ______ ______ making so much noise. 14. “Don’t tell him the news.” she said.She told me _______ ______ ______ him the news. 15. “Are you intested in this?” he said.He ______ ______ I was interestd in ______. 16. “I am having supper,” he said.He said that _______ _______ having supper. 17. “I’ve seen the film,” Gina said to me.Gina _______ me that she _______ _______ the film. 18. “I went home with my sister,” she said.She said that _______ _______ _______ home with her sister. 19. “Keep quiet, children.” he said.He _______ the children _______ _______ quiet. 20. “Don’t look out of the window,” she said.She told me _______ _______ _______ out of the window. 【参考答案】 1. he, ate 2. told, had, found, his 3. she, had, taken 4. rise, goes 5. told, had, before 6. had, there 7. had, before 8. asked, if [whether], before 9. told, could 10. how, she, had 11. where, I, had, those 12. if [whether], I, lived 13. told, to, stop 14. not, to, tell 15. asked, if [whether], that 16. he, was。在直接引语变为间接引语时，代词I要变为he；主句为过去时态，宾语从句通常要将时态往 后推一个，即现在进行时am having变为过去进行时was having。 17. told, had, seen。直接引语中的said to sb在变为间接引语时应改为told sb；现在完成时have seen改为过 去完成时had seen。 18. she, had, gone。直接引语变为间接引语时，人称代词I 应变为she；一般过去时went改为过去完成时 had gone。 19. told, to, keep。如直接引语为肯定的祈使句时，在变为间接引语时，可使用ask [tell, order] sb to do sth这 一结构进行转换。 20. not, to, look。如直接引语为否定的祈使句时，在变为间接引语时，可使用ask [tell, order] sb not to do sth 这一结构进行转换。 二、将所给直接引语变为间接引语 1．He said: “I’ve left my book in my room.” 2．She said: “He will be busy.” 3．S he said to Tom, “Can you help me?” 4．She asked, “Is this book yours or his?” 5．The teacher asked, “how did you repair it?”
人教版英语中考英语语法填空专题复习练习(含解析)1 一、初三中考语法填空（含答案详细解析） 1．He was ________ （mention） in the letter. 【答案】 mentioned 【解析】【分析】句意：他在这封信里被提到了。mention是及物动词，根据句子机构可知是被动语态，be已经给出，行为动词使用过去分词mentioned，故答案是mentioned。【点评】考查一般过去时，注意动词过去式的变化规则。 2．阅读下面短文，在空格处填入一个适当的词或使用括号中词语的正确形式填空。 Strangely enough, some inventions are lost ________ people can't imagine their ________ （valuable）. A use may need to be "invented" along with the invention. An example is the fax machine. The technology for faxing ________ （invent）in the 1800s. It took more than one hundred years, however, for the fax to be seen as useful. In 1843 Alexander Bain invented a machine to ________ （electrical）transmit（传输）writing. At first, it was considered ________ （use）since few people thought there was ________ need for transmitting writing over ________ （wire）. Eventually the value of the invention was realized, and it was improved ________ office use. By the 1980s, the fax machine became a piece of standard ________ （equip）in offices. The reason is ________it can very quickly transmit written documents. Who knows how many other inventions just need to be recognized as valuable? 【答案】because；value；was invented；electrically；useless；a/any；wires；for；equipment；that 【解析】【分析】主要讲了一些发明因为人们不能想象它们的价值而失去，列举传真机器的发明来说明这点。 （1）句意：足够奇怪的是，因为人们不能想象它们的价值，所以一些发明消失了。后句表示原因，所以用because；形容词修物主代词修饰名词，their它们的，形容词修物主代词，所以后面用形容词valuable的名词value，不可数名词，故填because，value。 （2）句意：传真的科技在19世纪被发明。invent发明，实义动词，主语technology是动作invent的承受者，时态是一般过去时，所以用一般过去时的被动语态，结构是was/were+动词过去分词，主语technology是不可数名词，所以用was，invent的过去分词是invented，故填was invented。 （3）句意：1843年，亚历山大贝恩发明了一种电子传输文字的机器。electrical电子的，形容词，副词修饰实义动词，transmit传输，实义动词，所以用副词electrically，电子地，故填electrically。 （4）句意：起初，它被认为是无用的，因为很少有人认为有必要通过电线传输文字。be considere形容词，表示被认为怎么样，固定搭配，根据后文可知传真的作用后来才被认可，所以起初被认为是无用的，use使用，实义动词，其形容词是useless，无用的；原因是很少人认为有必要，few表示否定，所以用a/any；wire，电线，可数名词，前面没有表示单数的a或者one，所以用复数wires，故填useless；a/any；wires。
初三语法填空基础10篇 （1） It was Children's Day yesterday. We 1.___________(go) to the park. Our teacher was 2._________us. There 3.____________(be) many people there. Some Young 4.____________(Pioneer)were near the river. 5.__________(their) sang and 6.___________(dance). There were some boats 7._________ the river. There was hill near the river. Some boys 8.___________(swim) in the river. We sat 9.__________the apple tree with our 10.___________(teach). 1.went 2. with 3. were 4. Pioneers 5. They 6.danced 7.in 8. swam 9. under 10. teacher （2） In America，Christmas is a great day for all people. 1.__________that day，shops and schools are not 2.___________(open). Almost every family 3.__________(have) a Christmas tree in the house. People make their Christmas 4.__________(tree) very 5._____________(beauty). They put many colored bulbs(彩灯)in the trees，so the trees are more beautiful 6._________night.They also put some dolls，balls and 7.__________ (others) small things in the trees. On Christmas Day，almost everyone 8.___________(give) presents to the others and also _________(got) presents ___________the others. 【On open has trees beautiful at other gives gets from】 （3） Li Mei is a Chinese student. She gets an e-mail 1.________Ben Smith. Ben is a student in Australia. He wants to learn2.__________(China.) Dear Li Mei， My name is Ben Smith. I 3._________(be)from Sydney，Australia. I am 13 years old I am a scholboy. My favorite subject is PE，4.____________ I like playing sports very much. There are twenty 5._____________(student) in our class. My classmates are from six countries，but 6.___________(them) are kind to each other. My parents are from France. They speak 7.___________(France)，so I can speak English ana French. I know China is a great country. I want to make friends 8.____________a Chinese student and I want to learn Chinese, 9.__________I don't have any Chinses books. Could you help10.__________(I)? Please write back soon. Thank you. Ben Smith 【from chinese am because students they French with but me】 1
直接引语和间接引语 概述 1.我们把引述别人的话语可归纳为两种方式，一种是直接引述别人的话语，并置于引号之内的称为直接引语，另一种是用自己的语言转述别人的话语，称为间接引语，间接一般构成宾语从句。 The teacher asked,“Do you like English?”老师问：“你喜欢英语吗？”（直接引语） The girl said that she liked English very much.这个女孩说她非常喜欢英语。（间接引语） 2.一般在直接引语或间接引语当中都有一个引述动词，如tell, ask,say 等。这些引述动词和它们的主语所放位置比较灵活，可以放在直接引语之前、之后或其中。主语如果是名词时，可以倒装。“主语+引述动词”放在间接引语当中就相当于宾语从句的主语部分。 He told me,“I am going to Changchun tomorrow.”他告诉我：“明天我打算去长春。” “Where are you from?”asked Linda.“你来自哪里？”琳达问。 直接引语变间接引语的变化形式 1.人称代词和指示代词的变化 指示代词this 和these通常变为that和those 。人称代词也要根据情况做适当调整。从句中的第一人称多变为第三人称，第二人称根据情况改为第一人称或第三人称，第三人称不变。例如： He said,“I came to help you.”他说：“我是来帮助你的。”→He said that he had come to help me.他说他是来帮助我的。 2.时态的变化
（1）引述动词如果用一般现在时或一般将来时，间接引语的时态不变。 （2）引述动词如果用一般过去时，间接引语的时态要变成相应的过去时态的一种。具体变化如下： 一般现在时→一般过去时一般过去时→过去完成时现在进行时→过去进行时现在完成时→过去完成时一般将来时→过去将来时 （1）含有情态动词的直接引语变成间接引语是，情态动词也要相应地变成过去时态。 （2）若直接引语为客观真理或自然规律，变为间接引语时，时态不变。（3）有时由于直接引语有特定的过去时间状语，变为间接引语时，时态不变。 3.时间状语的变化 now → then last month → the month beforetoday → that day three days ago → three days before tonight → that night tomorrow → the next day this week → that week next month → the next monthyesterday → the day before the day after tomorr ow → in two days 4.地点状语的变化 here → there 5.谓语动词的变化 come → go 直接引语变为间接引语的情况 1.直接引语为陈述句 （1）将直接引语变为由that 引导的宾语从句，接在谓语动词之后（that 可以省略）。例如： He said,“I forgot to call you yesterday.”他说：“我昨天忘记给你打电话了。”
语法填空基础10 篇 （ 1） It was Children's Day yesterday. We (go) to the park. Our teacher was . There (be) many people there. Some Young (Pioneer)were near the river.(their)sang and (dance). There were some boats 7. _________ the river.There was hill near the river. Some boys (swim) in the river. We sat apple tree with our (teach). （ 2） In America ， Christmas is a great day for all people. day，shops and schools are not (open). Almost every family (have) a Christmas tree in the house. People make their Christmas (tree) very (beauty). They put many colored bulbs( 彩灯 )in the trees ，so the trees are more beautiful night.They also put some dolls ，balls and (others) small things in the trees. On Christmas Day， almost everyone (give) presents to the others and also _________(got) presents ___________the others. （3） Li Mei is a Chinese student. She gets an e-mail Smith. Ben is a student in Australia. He wants to (China.) Dear Li Mei， My name is Ben Smith. I (be)from Sydney， Australia. I am 13 years old I am a scholboy. My favorite subject is PE， I like playing sports very much. There are twenty(student) in our class.My classmates are from six countries，but(them)are kind to each other.My parents are from France.They speak (France)， so I can speak English and French.I know China is a great country. I want to make friends Chinese student and I want to learn Chinese, don't have any Chinsese books.Could you(I) Please write back soon. Thank you. Ben Smith （ 4） Everyone should be 1 (friend) with others. Whenyou want to get 2 (help) from others, you should say“ 3 (pleasure) ”and “thank you”. And please 4 ___(not) talk or laugh loudly in public （公共场所） If you happen to stand on someone’s (mine), or I ’m 6. ”leg or get him or her way, you should say, “Excuse 5 7 (are) angry with each other, of course, it is even Don’t 8 (bad)
英语语法填空解题技巧与方法 语法填空是通过语篇在语境中考察语法知识的运用能力，我们在解题时可遵循“三步走”浏览全文，了解大意；边读边填，先易后难；验证核查，清楚难点。 语法填空的考察形式分为两大类：无提示词填空类；提示性词填空类 一．无提示词类。即纯空格题。（只限一个单词） 纯空格填空题主要是填冠词（a/ an /the）、介词、代词、连接词(含从属连词和并列连词)等虚词.。 技巧1：在简单句和并列句中，若句子缺主语或宾语，一定是填代词。 技巧2：若两个句子（即两个主谓结构）之间没有连词，也没有分号或句号，一定是填并列连词（连接并列的句子）或从属连词（连接定语从句、名词性从句和状语从句（以句子为单位） 1.I have ___________ interesting book. _________ is called “Frozen” 2.___________ he worked very hard, he still failed the test. 3.He was very tired after working for a whole day, ____________ he felt very happy. 4.Whether we will go to the park depends _____________ the weather. 二．提示性填空类。即用所给词的适当形式填空，（此类题填空不超过三个单词）。此类型的题一般考察动词的时态、语态、单复数；动词非谓语（to do / done/ doing）; 词性的转换（形名副动）；adj/ adv 的比较级和最高级。 注意：(一)、.判断要填的动词是谓语动词还是非谓语动词。要从以下两点进行思考：（1）. 若句子没有别的谓语动词，或者虽然已有谓语动词，但需填的动词与之是并列关 系时，所给动词就是谓语动词；若是谓语动词，就要考虑时态语态和单复数 1 . Friends can always _____________(trust),loved and respected. 2.People in the future _______________(know) and benefit from the technology. （2.）若句中已有谓语动词，又不是并列谓语时，所给动词就是非谓语动词。若是非谓 语动词就要确定是v-ing形式，-ed形式，还是不定式，确定的方法主要有： (1) 作主语，通常用v-ing 形式表示习惯或一般情况，（用不定式表示具体情况） (2) 作目的状语或在形容词后作状语，一般用不定式 (3) 作伴随状语，通常用分词，若与逻辑主语是主动关系，用现在分词（v-ing）;若是被动关系，用过去分词（-ed） 1.We are supposed to work very hard _____________(go) to a good university.
直接引语与间接引语 直接引语：一字不改的引用或复述别人的话，被引用或复述的部分即为直接引语。一般前后用引号，首字母大写。间接引语：用自己的话转述别人的话，被转述的部分即为间接引语。通常以宾语从句的形式出现，不用引号。直接引语变为间接引语时，要注意人称、时态、连接词、语序以及时间状语、地点状语、指示代词及方向性动词的变化。 一、人称变化 直接引语是第一人称变为间接引语时，一般要变为第三人称；第二人称变为与主句的间接宾语相一致的人称（如果没有间接宾语，可根据上下文的体会确定一个人称）；第三人称一般不改变。例如 He told me，＂I’ll give you a book when I meet you again.＂—He told me he would give me a book when he met me again. 二、时态的变化 如果主句是过去式态，变为间接引语时应向前推一个时态。即一般现在时---一般过去式，现在进行时---过去进行时，现在完成时---过去完成时，一般过去时---过去完成时，过去进行时---过去进行时，一般将来时---过去将来时,现在完成进行时---过去完成进行时，过去完成时---过去完成时，过去完成进行时---过去完成进行时。等。例如 She wondered:＂When will the meeting begin.＂—She wondered when the meeting would begin.但在以下几种情况下，间接引语的时态不用变化。 1、当直接引语表示的是客观真理或经常性的特点时。例如 She said,＂The earth goes around the sun＂.--She said that the earth goes around the sun. 2、当直接引语中有绝对具体的过去时间作状语时，保持原来的一般过去时。例如 He said,＂I left home in 1942.—He said he left home in 1942. 注：间接引语中的谓语动词有时需要适当的调整。Say后的直接引语表示陈述或命令时可变为ask; say后的直接引语表示请求或询问时可变为ask.例如 The teacher said to me,＂I have seen your book..＂—The teacher told me that she had seen my book. 三、连接词的选择 1、陈述句陈述句转化为间接引语时用that引导，也可省略 that。主句谓语动词可用直接引语中的said，也可用told来代替，可以说said that，said to sb. that, told sb. that, 不可以直接说told that.主句中的谓语还常有repeat, answer, reply, explain, announce, declare, think, 等。例如Danny said，＂I come from Canada.＂—Danny said that he came from Canada. 2、疑问句直接引语是疑问句变为间接引语时要用陈述语序。主句的动词常用ask,wonder,want to know 等。 1)、一般疑问句直接引语为一般疑问句时变为间接引语须用if或whether引导。例如 She asked me,＂Is he a teacher?＂—She asked me if/whether he was a teacher. 2}、选择疑问句或反意疑问直接引语是选择疑问句需用or;反意疑问句需用or not变为间接引语时要用whether而不用if.例如 My brother asked me,＂Is Tom tall or short?＂—My brother asked me whether Tom was tall or short.＂You are reading,aren’t you＂he said to me.—He asked me whether I was reading or not. 3)、特殊疑问句当直接引语为特殊疑问句变为间接引语时，常变成与疑问句同形的连接词引导的宾语从句，用陈述语序，问号变句号。例如＂What do you want to eat?＂he asked me.—He asked me what I wanted to eat. 3、祈使句直接引语是祈使句变为间接引语时，要用不定式表示，使其成为 ask