(A卷)
Part I Paragraph Writing (20%)
Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition on the topic:How to Keep Psychologically Healthy?You should write at least 120 words following the outline given below in Chinese:
1.心理健康问题往往是导致疾病的原因；
2.分析人们产生心理健康问题的原因(可从失业、压力过重、缺乏知识、缺乏人际交往能力等方面分析)；
3.你认为人们应如何保持心理健康。
Part II Reading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning) (10%)
Directions: In this part, you will have to go over the passage quickly and answer the questions on Answer Sheet. For questions 1-5, choose the best answer from the four choices marked A, B, C and D. For questions 6-10, complete the sentences with the information given in the passage.
Celebrating Families
When I lived in Long Island, New York, my family lived all around. They were about ten to thirty minutes away from where I lived.
My grandparents and great grandparents lived around the corner from each other and other family members weren’t too far behind.
Today, families live all over the world. Although a lot of families still live in the same state, the majority live miles and even days apart. I believe a lot of this has to do with the economy, job opportunities, and venturing(敢于)out to do and have better things.
But as far as the Family Unit is important and unfortunately there are a lot of us who don’t live near family, there are several ways in which we can communicate and bond with our family members.
1. Family Reunion. Organize a family reunion. Find someone within your family that is willing to help you plan this event. Rent a beach house, country club, or have it in your own backyard. Make favors, have food, entertainment, or whatever your budget(收支预算)can afford.
2. Emails and Technology. Today the Internet is soaring. We can send “live messages” to our folks and loved ones through the Internet. Emails are a great way to get in touch with people from all over the world.
3. Eat Meals Together. Many of us today are running on empty. We are forever looking at our
date books, talking on cell phones, and logging(登录) onto the Internet. We are all talking, but no one is communicating. Reschedule your dinner time and make it a point to have dinner every night with your kids and spouse.
4. Family Newsletter.Design a family newsletter. This is a great way to communicate with family members and to let them know what is going on in your life. Make it colorful and decorative.
5. Road trip. Plan a fun road trip. Depending on where you live, where can you go that is not that far, but about two hours away? Fill a picnic basket with food and drinks, stop for a picnic on the way to your destination. Get some ice cream and visit places exciting along the way.
.6. Handmade Cards. Creativity Is Booming! Today there are so many businesses that offer products to make handmade gifts. This is an inexpensive way to send a greeting whenever you want without having to spend a lot of money. Places like Michaels, Ben Franklins, and Wal-Mart sell many fun and creative items to help provide a personal touch.
7. A Phone Call Away. With today’s technology, there is more access to how we can communicate with others. Cell phones and the phone company have wonderful rates and specials to allow us to call long distance at a reasonable price. Check into a cell phone and see what your budget can afford.
Today, do something on the list and get in touch with a loved one.
当我住在长岛,纽约,我的家庭生活。他们大约十到三十分钟远离我住的地方。
我的祖父母和伟大的祖父母住在拐角处从对方和其他家庭成员不太远。
今天,世界各地的家庭生活。虽然很多家庭仍然生活在同一个国家,绝大多数生活英里甚至天分开。我相信这与经济,就业机会和冒险(敢于),还有更重要的事情。
但就家庭是很重要的,不幸的是有很多的人不生活在家庭,有几种方法,我们可以交流与我们的家庭成员和债券。
1。家庭团聚。组织一次家庭聚会。找一个在你的家庭愿意帮助你计划这个事件。租一间海滨别墅,乡村俱乐部,或在自己的后院。支持,有食物、娱乐、或任何你的预算(收支预算)可以负担得起。
2。电子邮件和技术。今天的互联网是飙升。我们可以发送“实时信息”的人通过互联网和爱人。电子邮件是一个伟大的方式来接触来自世界各地的人们。
3所示。一起吃饭。今天我们很多人是空的。我们永远看着书,我们约会在手机,和日志记录(登录)发布到互联网上。我们都说,但是没有人交流。重新安排你的晚餐时间,使它成为一个指向每天晚上与你的孩子和配偶一起吃晚饭。
4所示。家庭通讯。设计一个家庭通讯。这是一个伟大的方式与家庭成员和沟通,让他们知道发生了什么在你的生活中。使它丰富多彩和装饰。
5。公路旅行。计划一个有趣的客场之旅。取决于你住在哪里,你能去的地方不远,但是大约两小时吗?野餐篮子里装满食物和饮料,停止野餐的目的地。得到一些冰淇淋和参观令人兴奋的地方。
。6。手工制作的卡片。创造力是蓬勃发展!今天有很多的企业提供产品手工制作的礼物。这是一种并不昂贵的方式随时发送问候,而不必花很多钱。麦克、本·富兰克林和沃尔玛出售许多有趣的和创造性的项目帮助提供个人联系。
7所示。一个电话。今天的技术,有更多的访问我们如何与他人沟通。手机和电话公司有很好的利率和特价允许我们长途电话在一个合理的价格。检查到一个手机,看看你的预算可以负担得起。
今天,做一些在名单上,与亲人取得联系。
Choose the best answers to the following questions:
1.In the passage, the author mainly________________________.
A.talks about the importance of family reunion
B.tells us something about his family
C.gives some tips to those who don’t live near family on how people can communicate and bond
with their family members
D.talks about families all over the world
2.The author’s grandparents and great grandparents lived____________________.
A.in a big house with other family members
B.very close to each other
C.very far from each other
D.on the same corner of the street
3.Which of the following is not mentioned in the passage as to the ways in which people
communicate with their family members?
A.Family trees.
B.Family newsletters.
C.Handmade cards.
D.Emails.
4.The places fit for family reunion mentioned in the passage include the following places
except____________________________.
A.a beach house
B.one’s own backyard
C. a public house
D.a country club
5.The author suggests people_____________________.
A.chat with their folks and loved ones on the Internet
B.stop for a picnic on the way to their destination
C.make handmade gifts, for it is an expensive way to send a greeting
D.have dinner every night with their children and spouse at home
Complete the following sentences with the information given in the passage.
6 According to the author, _____of families in the world live far away from each other nowadays.
7. Eating meals together is a way of________________.
8. Family newsletters let people know________________.
9. The author suggests several places where_______are sold to help make handmade gifts.
10. _____________lets us have more ways in which we can communicate with others.
Part III Reading Comprehension (Reading in depth) (30%)
Directions: There are 3 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C. and D. You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet with a single line through the centre.
Passage One
Questions 11 to15 are based on the following passage.
There are some steps you can take yourself to avoid catching a cold. Contrary to popular belief, colds are not caused by exposure to severe weather. Colds are caused by viruses(病毒)harbored in the body, and you are better off out on the ski slopes or even waiting for the bus on a snowy day than you are in a warm room, surrounded by friends, co-workers or fellow students, who just may be passing the viruses around. If you feel a chill when you’re coming down with a cold, you’re already sick. A chill is an early symptom: It’s the cold that caused the chill, not the other way around.
While the virus can spread through droplets(飞沫)propelled into the air when a cold-sufferer coughs or sneezes. Surprisingly, this is not the most common route of transmission. Numerous studies have now shown that the overwhelming majority of colds are “caught” by hand contact. A cold sufferer rubs her nose, thereby transferring the virus to her hand. Then a friend comes to visit. “Don’t kiss me,” she cautions, so the friend steps back and presses her hand. The friend then wipes her own nose or eye, and several days later is stricken with a cold. Or parents pick up their child’s discarded(丢弃的)tissues and carefully throw them away, but fail to wash their hands afterward.
Cold viruses also can be transferred to objects—telephones, towels, plates and remain infectious for up to three hours. Frequent hand-washing—on the part of the cold sufferer as well as other members of the household—will minimize the spread of viruses in this way.
有一些步骤你可以避免感冒。与流行的看法相反,感冒不暴露于恶劣天气造成的。感冒是由病毒引起的(病毒)在体内存在,你最好在滑雪,甚至等公共汽车的一个下雪的天比你一个温暖的房间里,周围的朋友,同事
或同学,刚刚可能传递的病毒。如果你觉得一个冷却下来时感冒,你已经生病了。寒冷是早期症状:寒冷导致寒冷,而不是相反。
而病毒可以通过飞沫传播(飞沫)推到空中时它只是咳嗽或打喷嚏。令人惊讶的是,这并不是最常见的传播途径。大量研究已经表明,绝大多数的感冒是“抓住”用手接触。感冒患者按摩她的鼻子,从而将病毒转移到她的手。然后一个朋友来拜访。“别吻我,”她警告,所以朋友退后一步,按下她的手。朋友然后擦拭自己的鼻子或眼睛,和几天后受损的感冒。或者父母接孩子丢弃(丢弃的)组织和小心翼翼地扔掉,但之后不洗手。
感冒病毒也可以被转移到objects-telephones,毛巾,盘子和仍然传染性长达三个小时。经常洗手在寒冷的一部分患者以及家庭的其他成员以这种方式减少病毒的传播。
11. According to the author, we are most likely to catch a cold if we______________.
A. go out on an extremely cold and windy day
B. go skiing or skating in the open air
C. attend a party with a lot of people
D. stay long hours in the street on a snowy day
12. From what the author says, we can infer that “Exposure to severe weather causes colds.”is___________________.
A. an out-of-date view of people in the past
B. a fact already proven by doctors
C. only a supposition of doctors
D. still the view held by many people
13. To prevent viruses from spreading, we should_________________.
A. often wash our hands
B. often rub our noses and eyes
C. shake hands with our friends instead of kissing them
D. never touch the telephones, towels or plates
14. Man is most likely to be stricken with a cold if_____________.
A. he fails to expose the cold viruses to air
B. he shakes hands with a cold-sufferer
C. he often rubs his eyes or nose
D. he visits his friend in a warm room
15. The best title for this passage might be_______________.
A. The Spread of Viruses
B. Hand Contact and Transmission of Viruses
C. Colds and Viruses
D. Ways to Avoid Colds
Passage Two
Questions 16 to 20 are based on the following passage.
. Time spent in a bookshop can be most enjoyable, whether you are a book-lover or merely there to buy a book as a present. You may even have entered the shop just to find shelter from a sudden shower. Whatever the reason, you can soon become totally unaware of your surroundings. The desire to pick up a book with an attractive dust-jacket is irresistible, although this method of selection ought not to be followed, as you might end up with a rather dull book. You soon become engrossed in some book or other, and usually it is only much later that you realize you have spent far too much time there and must dash off to keep some forgotten appointment—without buying a book, of course.
This opportunity to escape the realities of everyday life is, I think, the main attraction of a bookshop. There are not many places where it is possible to do this. A music shop is very much like a bookshop. You can wander round such places to your heart’s content. If it is a good shop, no assistant will approach you with the inevitable greeting: “Can I help you, sir?”You needn’t buy anything you don’t want. In a bookshop an assistant should remain in the background until you have finished browsing. Then, and only then, are his services necessary. Of course, you may want to find out where a particular section is, but when he has led you there, the assistant should retire discreetly and look as if he is not interested in selling a single book.
You have to be careful not to be attracted by the variety of books in a bookshop. It is very easy to enter the shop looking for a book on, say ancient coins and to come out carrying a copy of the latest best-selling novel and perhaps a book about brass-rubbing—something which had only vaguely interested you up till then. This volume on the subject, however, happened to be so well illustrated and the part of the text you read proved so interesting that you just had to buy it. This sort of thing can be very dangerous. Apart from running a huge account, you can waste a great deal of time wandering from section to section. Book-sellers must be both long-suffering and indulgent.
时间在一个书店可以最有趣的,无论你是图书爱好者或者仅仅买一本书作为礼物。你甚至可能已经进入了商店找到躲避突然淋浴。不管什么原因,你可以很快就变得完全没有意识到周围的环境。想拿起一本书,一个有吸引力的书籍护封是不可抗拒的,虽然这个方法的选择不应该是,你可能最终得到一个相当沉闷的书。你很快就完全沉浸在一些书或其他,而且通常只有更晚,你意识到你已经花了太多的时间,把一些遗忘得赶紧走了appointment-without购买一本书,当然可以。
这个机会逃避日常生活的现实,我认为,是书店的主要吸引人之处。没有太多的地方可以做到这一点。一个音乐商店很像一家书店。你可以这样的地方转转你的心的内容。如果这是一家好书店,不会有店员将接近你的问候:“先生,我能帮你吗?“你不必买任何你不想要的。助理在后台应该保持在一个书店,直到你已经完
成浏览。那时,也只有到那时,他的服务是必要的。当然,你可能想要找出一个特定的部分,但是当领导你,助理应该谨慎地退休,看起来好像他是卖一本书不感兴趣。
你要小心不要被各种各样的图书的吸引,在一家书店。很容易进入商店找一本书,说古代硬币和出来拿着一本最新的畅销小说,也许一本关于brass-rubbing-something然后到这只有模糊感兴趣。然而,这本书在这个问题上发生如此插图和文本的一部分你读过如此有趣的,你只需要购买。这种事情是非常危险的。除了巨大的账户,你可以浪费了大量的时间从一个区到另一个区徘徊。索必须忍耐和宽容的。
16. You may spend too much time in a bookshop because_______________.
A. it is raining outside
B. you have to make sure you can’t buy a dull book as a present
C. the dust-jackets are very attractive
D. you start reading one of the books
17. In a good bookshop___________________.
A. your heart is contented
B. you feel that you are in a music shop
C. nobody takes any notice of you
D. the assistant greets you in a friendly way
18. An assistant should help you________________.
A. only when you have finished browsing
B. when he leads you to a particular section
C. as soon as you have entered a shop
D. just before you finish browsing
19. It is very easy to enter a bookshop and buy___________________.
A. a book that only vaguely interests you
B. a book that unexpectedly interests you
C. a book on ancient coins
D. a best-selling novel on brass-rubbing
20. This passage is mainly about______________________.
A. assistants’ service in a bookshop
B. attractions of books in a bookshop
C. some advice on entering a bookshop
D. how to select books in a bookshop
Passage Three
Questions 21 to 25 are based on the following passage.
The consequences are sobering. Students in the U.S. now enter the job market with inferior skills. Once the unquestioned champion in industrial research, America is watching its lead dwindle. Some experts go so far as to suggest that failings in education put the nation in danger of becoming a second-class economic power. Whether or not that’s the case is a key element in a bubbling debate over international competitiveness. Consider just these few examples of how American students are falling behind:
When Japanese teenagers finish the 12th grade, they have the equivalent of three to four more years of school than U.S. high-school graduates. Stanford’s Thomas Rohlen, a leading expert on Japan, says half of them know as much as the average U.S. college graduate.
Nine of 10 Japanese get high-school diplomas. But nearly a quarter of America’s teenagers drop out, sending one million untrained youngsters into the job market every year. The problem would be worse; some experts say with a straight face, if so many teenagers didn’t stay in school so they could take driver’s education and get a driver’s license.
For years, foreigners have outclassed young Americans in academic knowledge, and this week sees still another indictment of U.S. education: New details on how thousands of 12th graders in selected countries did on a 1982 algebra test given by the International Association for Evaluation of Educational Achievement. Hong Kong ranked first, barely ahead of Japan. The U.S. finished 14th among the 15 countries, just ahead of Thailand, just behind Hungary. In a United Nations survey of what students in nine countries know about foreign cultures, the U.S. comes in next to last. One test of American 12-year-olds shows 20 percent unable to locate even their own nation on a world map. “Our students lag behind, and it doesn’t bode well for our country,”says Herbert Walberg, a comparative-education expert for the University of Illinois in Chicago. “Fifty-five percent of America’s jobs involve information processing. If we don’t have good, solid skills in language, geography, math and science, we’ll be at a severe disadvantage.”
结果令人清醒。学生现在在美国较低技能进入就业市场。工业研究毋庸置疑的冠军之后,美国正在看其减少。一些专家甚至认为,教育的失败把国家经济实力成为一个二等的危险。这种情况下是否冒泡辩论的一个关键因素在国际上的竞争力。只考虑这些美国学生是如何落后的几个例子:
当日本青少年完成12年级,相当于三至四年的学校比美国的高中毕业生。斯坦福大学的托马斯?Rohlen 领先日本专家说,一半的人知道美国大学毕业生平均。
九个10日本得到高中文凭。但美国近四分之一的青少年辍学,送一百万每年未经训练的年轻人进入就业市场。问题会更糟糕,一些专家说,板着脸,如果是许多青少年不呆在学校,所以他们可能需要驾驶员的教育和获得驾照。
多年以来,外国人都赶不上美国年轻人在学术知识,本周还看到另一种控诉美国教育:新细节如何选定国家的成千上万的12年级学生在1982年代数测试由国际教育成就评价协会。香港排名第一,几乎超越日本。美国完成14日在15个国家中,在泰国,仅次于匈牙利。在联合国的调查在9个国家的学生了解外国文化,
美国排在最后。美国12岁的一个测试显示,20%甚至无法找到自己的国家在世界地图上。“我们的学生落后,并不预示着我们的国家,”赫伯特Walberg说的比较教育专家在芝加哥伊利诺伊大学。“美国百分之五十五的工作涉及信息处理。如果我们没有好,坚实的技能在语言、地理、数学和科学,我们将处于严重劣势。”
21. American newspapers have carried the sad news about American education that_________.
A. American youngsters do not work hard
B. many American young people are illiterate
C. Jonny can’t read or write
D. many American students can’t find job
22.Which of the following sentences is NOT true according to the passage?
A. Only in these years have American students fallen behind foreigners in academic knowledge
B. One out of four American teenagers chooses to work before they finish high school education
C. The United States was once considered the best in industrial research
D. Japanese high-school students know much more than their American peers
23. “With a straight face” in Paragraph 4 most probably means________________.
A. with a serious expression
B. with an honest expression
C. with a long face
D. with a clean face
24.A 1982 algebra test given by the IAEEA showed that________________.
A. Japanese students were the best
B. Hungarian students ranked the 15th
C. Thai students were better than Americans
D. American students were better than Thai students
25. According to Herbert Walberg, American students will be at a serious disadvantage because______________________.
A. more foreigners will seek jobs in the U.S.
B. almost all the jobs require information processing
C. there will not be sufficient jobs for them
D. they lack the skills needed for their future jobs
小学生语法专项练习题 名词练习 一.写出下列单数名词的复数形式 _______ 答案：1 oranges 2. Boxes 3. women 4. tomatoes 6. boys 7babies 9. Photos 10 classes 11. feet 12 houses 13 pens 14 cars 15 horses 16. radios 17 dishes 18 children 二.将下列单词的复数形式改成单数形式 ________ _________ 答案 1. doctor 2 city 3 piano 4. ear 5. church 6. leaf 7 tooth 8zoo 9brush 10 knife 12 pear 三.请从括号里选出正确的答案 1. Please give me__（two /two cups of ）coffee. 2. There are a lot of___(sheep /sheeps ) on the farm. 3. I’d like some__ (bread / breads ) and___ (potato /potatoes). 4. Look! There is a ___(mouse /mice) in the corner. 5. He bought_____(a piece of /a piece ) paper. 6. “Where is___ (Woman’s / Women’s) Room?” asked Susan. 7. ____ (The girl’s/The girls’ ) hobby is drawing. 8. Aunt Lucy sent_____ (a child’s /a children’s ) book to me. 红色为答案 冠词练习 一.在空格内填上a或an
精心整理 大学英语（一） 行政班级分级班级姓名学号 C. A measuring system. D. A control system. 2. A. Car prices. B. Car services.
C. The company’s business. D. The company’s culture. 3. A. It’s easy to do. B. It’s challenging. dialogue, there are some recorded questions. Both the conversations and questions will be spoken two times. Conversation 1
6. A. Breakfast. B. Dinner. C. A 5 dollar gift card. D. Bus service to the airport. 10. A. Make an appointment with her. B. Talk with her about a new order.
C. Send her an email about the shipment. D. Call her back when receiving the shipment. Directions: This part is to test your ability to construct grammatically correct sentences. It consists of 2 sections.
外文文献： Project Cost Control: The Way it Works By R. Max Wideman In a recent consulting assignment we realized that there was some lack of understanding of thewholesystem of project cost control, how it is setup and applied. So we decided to write up adescription ofhow it works. Project cost control is not that difficult to follow in theory. First you establish a set of reference baselines. Then, as work progresses, you monitor the work, analyzethe findings, forecast the end results and compare those with the reference baselines. If the end resultsare not satisfactory then you make adjustments as necessary to the work in progress, and repeat the cycleat suitable intervals. If the end results get really out of line with the baseline plan, you may have tochange the plan. More likely, there will be (or have been) scope changes that change the referencebaselines which means that every time that happens you have to change the baseline plan anyway. But project cost control is a lot more difficult to do in practice, as is evidenced by the number of projectsthat fail to contain costs. It also involves a significant amount of work, as we shall see, and we might aswell start at the beginning. So let us follow the thread of project cost control through the entire projectlife span. And, while we are at it, we will take the opportunity to point out the proper places for several significantdocuments. These include the Business Case, the Request for (a capital) Appropriation (for execution),Work Packages and the Work Breakdown Structure, the Project Charter (or Brief), the Project Budget orCost Plan, Earned Value and the Cost Baseline. All of these contribute to the organization's ability toeffectively control project costs. Footnote I am indebted to my friend Quentin Fleming, the guru of Earned Value, for checking and correcting mywork on this topic. The Business Case and Application for (execution) Funding It is important to note that project cost control is most effective when the executive managementresponsible has a good understanding of how projects should unfold through the project life span. Thismeans that they exercise their responsibilities at the key decision points
系2004级专业《大学英语》期末考试试卷(B) 楚雄师学院 2004 学年上学期期末考试卷 B 卷课程《大学英语》考试时间： 120 分钟 班级：学号 Section A Directions：In this section, you will hear 10 short conversations. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. Both the conversation and the question will be spoken twice. After each question there will be a pause. During the pause, you must read the four choices marked A), B), C) and D), and decide which is the best answer. Then mark the corresponding letter on the ANSWER SHEET with a single line through the center. Example：You will hear: M: Is it possible for you to work late, Miss Green? W: Work late? I suppose so, if you really think it's necessary. Q：Where do you think this conversation most probably took place? You will read: A) At the office． B) In the waiting room. C) At the airport. D) In a restaurant. From the conversation we know that the two were talking about some work they have to finish in the evening. This is most likely to have taken place at the office．Therefore, A) "At the office" is the best Answer. You should mark A) on the ANSWER SHEET with a single line through the center. 1. A) She's studying for a physics exam. B) She's planning her class schedule. C) She has a degree in astrophysics. D) She plans to graduate this year. 2. A) He already has a job. B) He wi11 probably work at the library. C) He needs to study full time. D) He plans to work at the library in the summer. 3. A) 35 miles per hour.
大学英语语法试题及答案(2) 第 2 单元题目： 1.More people visit the Air and Space Museum honoring men and women who have pioneered flight and the exploration of space than _____ any other monument or museum in the entire country. A) visit B) to visit C) visited D) visiting 题目： 2.I work in a little room off the main entrance _____ museum, checking coats and other articles which people do not want to carry around as they tour the building. A) to B) of C) at D) for 题目： 3.What apparently had happened, three years ago, was that Kate _____ to a different building. A) went B) has gone C) had gone D) would go 题目： 4.She had waited at another museum for days and had spent all her money _____ to find Sidney. A) tried B) trying C) to try D) try 题目： 5.Without facts we cannot form a worthwhile opinion for we need to have factual knowledge _____ our thinking. A) which to be based B) which to base upon C) upon which to base D) to which to be based 题目： 6.Helen believes if a man robs her of five dollars it is the same as if he _____ a hundred. A) takes B) will take C) took D) has taken 题目： 7.He had a cottage which consists _____ three rooms, a bathroom and kitchen. A) of B) with C) in D) by 题目： 8.Behind him Paul could hear the angry man _____ to break the door open. A) trying B) to try C) tried D) try 题目： 9.Some companies have introduced flexible working time with less emphasis on pressure _____. A) than more on efficiency B) and more efficiency C) and more on efficiency D) than efficiency 题目： 10.The gardener is taking care of the place, no one _____ there at present. A) living B) lives C) lived D) to live 题目： 11.The City Bank will pa fifty pounds to _____ who helps the police to catch the man. A) someone B) nobody C) anyone D) somebody 题目： 12.When Paul Carson saw the big red American car coming towards him, he stopped his won car at the side, _____ room for it to pass. A) to make B) made C) making D) make 题目： 13.What bothers me is _____ I paid for all this stuff that we don't want anymore. A) what B) that C) which D) who 题目： 14.A hinge joint is _____ permits forward and backward movement of a door. A) the B) whose C) what D) those 题目：15.Garage sales in the United States serve many purposes _____ cleaning out unwanted items and making money. A) besides B) except for C) except D) apart from 题目： 16.This is _____ the most difficult job I have ever tackled. A) by rights B) by itself C) by oneself D) by far
学号 姓名 系部 专业 班级 考试科目 考试时间 年 月 日 密 封 线 山东师范大学历山学院2013-2014学年第二学期 期末考试试题（B 卷） 试题卷 （时间120分钟，满分100分） 课程编号： 课程名称： 大学英语 适用年级： 2013级 适用专业： 非英语 学制： 三 注意：1、本试题试题卷共六页。 2、本试题所有答案应写在答案卷上，否则不予计成绩。 题号 Ⅰ Ⅱ Ⅲ Ⅳ Ⅴ Ⅵ 总分 阅卷人 复核人 得分 Ⅰ ⅠListening Comprehension (15%) Section A Directions: In this section you will hear 10 short dialogues. At the end of each dialogue, a question will be asked about what was said. Both the dialogues and questions will be spoken twice. After each question there will be a pause. During the pause, you must read the 4 choices marked A,B,C and D,and decide which is the best answer. Then write the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet. 1. Where did this conversation probably happen? A In a drug store. B In a shop. C In a supermarket. D In a restaurant. 2. When will the train leave? A 14:20 B 14:00 C 14:40 D 14:30 3. How many people are there in the man ’s family? A 5. B 4. C 3. D 6. 4. How is that school? A It's even worse than people say. B It's better than it used to be. C It's better than people say. D It's not as good as it was. 5. What is implied in the conversation? A The children were enjoying themselves. B The children didn't come to the party. C The children were giving a lot of fun in the party. D The children were not behaving themselves in the party. 6. What will the weather be like? A It will get better B Rainy C Sunny. D It is colder. 7. What does the woman mean? A She does not agree with the man. B She does not know what to do. C She agrees with the man. D She has a good idea.
常用造价英语词汇 估算/费用估算：estimate/cost estimate; 估算类型：types of estimate; 详细估算：是偏差幅度最小的估算，defined estimate; 设备估算：equipment estimate; 分析估算：analysis estimate; 报价估算:proposal estimate; 控制估算：control estimate; 初期控制估算：interim control estimate/initial control estimate 批准的控制估算：initial approved cost 核定估算：check estimate 首次核定估算：first check estimate 二次核定估算：production check estimate 人工时估算：man hour estimate 材料费用/直接材料费用：material cost/direct material cost 设备费用/设备购买费用：equipment cost/purchased cost of equipment 散装材料费用/散装材料购买费用：bulk material cost/purchased cost of bulk material 施工费用：construction cost 施工人工费用：labor cost/construction force cost 设备安装人工费用：labor cost associated with equipment 散装材料施工安装人工费用：labor cost associated with bulk materials 人工时估算定额：standard man-hours 施工人工时估算定额：standard labor man-hours 标准工时定额：standard hours 劳动生产率：labor productivity/productivity factor/productivity ratio 修正的人工时估算值：adjusted man-hours 人工时单价：man-hours rate 施工监督费用：cost of construction supervision 施工间接费用：cost of construction indirects 分包合同费用/现场施工分包合同费用：subcontract cost/field subcontract cost 公司本部费用：home office cost 公司管理费用：overhead 非工资费用：non payroll 开车服务费用：cost of start-up services 其他费用：other cost 利润/预期利润：profit/expected profit 服务酬金：service gains 风险：risk 风险分析：risk analysis 风险备忘录：risk memorandum 未可预见费：contingency 基本未可预见费：average contingency 最大风险未可预见费：maximum risk contingency 用户变更/合同变更：cilent change/contract change
大学英语阅读测试一（1） Part I??Reading Comprehension (Reading in Depth) Directions: There are 4 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D). You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the centre. Passage One Questions 1 to 5 are based on the following passage. There are many famous museums throughout the world where people can enjoy art. Washington, D.C. has the National Gallery of Art (美术馆); Paris has the Louver; London, the British Museum. Florida International University (FIU) in Miami also shows art for people to see. And it does so without a building, or even a wall for its drawings and paintings. FIU has opened what it says is the first co mputer art museum in the United States. You don’t have to visit the University to see the art. You just need a computer linked to a telephone. You can call the telephone number of a university computer and connect your own computer to it. All of the art is stored in the school computer. It is computer art, produced electronically by artists on their own computers. In only a few minutes, your computer can receive and copy all the pictures and drawings. Robert Shostak is director of the new computer museum. He says he starts the museum because computer artists had no place to show their works. A computer artist can only record his pictures electronically and send the records, or floppy discs, to others to see on their computers. He can also put his pictures on paper. But to print good pictures on paper, the computer artist needs an expensive laser printer. Robert Shostak says the electronic museum is mostly for art or computer students at schools and universities. Many of the pictures in the museum are made by students. Mr Shostak said the FIU museum would make computer art funnier for computer artists because more people can see it. He says artists enjoy their work much more if they have an audience. And the great number of home computers in America could mean a huge audience for the electronic museum. 1. The main purpose of this passage is to give information about _______. A) museums throughout the world B) an electronic art museum in Miami, U.S. C) art exhibitions in Florida International University D) latest development of computer art 2. To see the art in FIU museum, you need _____. A) floppy discs B) a computer and a printer C) pictures and drawings on paper D) a computer connected to the museum by telephone line 3. _____ are stored in this museum. A) Paintings drawn by means of computer B) Different styles of paintings C) Old paintings D) Drawings done by art students of FIU 4. The museum was started when _____. A) Robert Shostak wanted to do something for computer scientists B) Robert Shostak wanted to help computer artists C) art students needed a place to show their works D) computer scientists wanted to do something about art 5. The phrase “an audience” in the last paragraph refers to _____ . A) art students B) computer owners C) exhibits D) electronic museum Passage Two
1．There is ____ old woman in the car. A．/ B．the C．a D．an 2．We often go to the park ____ Sundays. A．on B．in C．at D．from 3．My book ____ on the desk. A．is B．am C．are D．be 4．Which language is ____ ，English, French or Chinese? A．difficult B．the difficult C．more difficult D．the most difficult 5．---- ____ book is this? ----It's Kate's. A．When B．Why C．Where D．Whose 6．----Can you write a letter in English? ----No, I ____. A．may not B．mustn't C．can't D．needn't 7．I ____ my homework when Mike came last night A．do B．was doing C．am doing D．have done 8．He began to ____ English three years ago. A．learn B．learns C．learned D．learning 9．Jim is a driver, ____ he? A．does B．doesn't C．is D．isn't 10．“What's wrong ____ you?”the doctor asked. A．from B．with C．for D．at 11．He is rich, ____ he isn't happy. A．or B．so C．and D．but 12．----Where is Alice? ----She ____ to the library. A．goes
《大学英语 二》期末考试试题 I. Spell the following words according to the given meanings . (10%) 1. b___________ give birth to 2. e___________ leave unprotected; uncover 3. o___________ easily seen, recognized or understood 4. m__________ offer something for sale 5. s___________ fill something tightly with something else 6. b___________ consider or compare 7.f____________ provide money for 8. t___________ express intention of hurting, punishing, etc. 9. g_________ _______ act or be in opposition to 10.s________ _______ cause something to increase speed II. Choose the best answers: ( 20%) 1．April l st is day when strange things may happen and the best trick is that makes everyone laugh, including the “fool ”. A ．the; one B ．a; one C ．the; the one D ．a; the one 2．Dalian is well known for its mild climate, but it be very cold in winter. A ．shall B ．can C ．should D ．must 3．If we develop the world successfully, we must make sure that everyone is able to take part in the new world we create. A ．are about to B ．are going to C ．are to D ．will 4．—Did you really buy a new house in Beijing? — . A ．How do you feel it? B ．That ’s all right. C ．Believe it or not D ．It ’s up to you. 5．—Was it in 1969 the American astronauts succeeded landing on 姓名：______________ 班级：________________ 学号：_____________________ ……………………………………………………密……封……线……内……不……要……答……题…………………………………………………………
工程造价专业外文文献翻译中英文对照 Document serial number【KK89K-LLS98YT-SS8CB-SSUT-SST108】
外文文献： Project Cost Control: The Way it Works By R. Max Wideman In a recent consulting assignment we realized that there was some lack of understanding of the whole system of project cost control, how it is setup and applied. So we decided to write up a description of how it works. Project cost control is not that difficult to follow in theory. First you establish a set of reference baselines. Then, as work progresses, you monitor the work, analyze the findings, forecast the end results and compare those with the reference baselines. If the end results are not satisfactory then you make adjustments as necessary to the work in progress, and repeat the cycle at suitable intervals. If the end results get really out of line with the baseline plan, you may have to change the plan. More likely, there will be (or have been) scope changes that change the reference baselines which means that every time that happens you have to change the baseline plan anyway. But project cost control is a lot more difficult to do in practice, as is evidenced by the number of projects that fail to contain costs. It also involves a significant amount of work, as we shall see, and we might as well start at the beginning. So let us follow the thread of project cost control through the entire project life span. And, while we are at it, we will take the opportunity to point out the proper places for several significant documents. These include the Business Case, the Request for (a capital) Appropriation (for execution), Work Packages and the Work Breakdown Structure, the Project Charter (or Brief), the Project Budget or Cost Plan, Earned Value and the Cost Baseline. All of these contribute to the organization's ability to effectively control project costs. Footnote I am indebted to my friend Quentin Fleming, the guru of Earned Value, for checking and correcting my work on this topic. The Business Case and Application for (execution) Funding It is important to note that project cost control is most effective when the executive management responsible has a good understanding of how projects should unfold through the project life span. This means that they exercise their responsibilities at the key decision points