主语从句详解
一、概述
在句子中起名词作用的各种从句统称为名词性从句.根据它们在句中的语法作用, 这类从句又可分为主语从句、同位语从句、表语从句和宾语从句.
二、主语从句主要有四类
（1）由连词that引导的主语从句:引导词that无含义/在句中不做成分/不可以省.
例如：That you will win the medal seems unlikely.
That you are so indifferent bothers me.
That she survived the accident is a miracle.
（2）用连词 whether 引导的主语从句: whether有含义(是否)/在句中不做成分/不可以省.
注意：引导主语从句, 不能用if, 只能用whether.
例如：Whether we will hold a party in the open air tomorrow depends on the weather.
Whether she is coming or not doesn’t matter too much.
（3）用连接代词引导的主语从句
在由连接代词who, whose, whom, which, what, whoever, whomever, whichever, whatever引导的名词性从句中,
其连接代词在句中起名词性作用, 担当一定成分.
例如：What you need is more practice. What I want to know is this.
Whatever we do is to serve the people.
注：whatever / whoever的功用
whatever, whoever在主语从句中不含疑问意义.它引导主语从句, 并在从句中作主语、宾语、表语等.
whatever = anything that; whoever = anyone who.要注意和whatever, whoever引导的让步状语从句的区别.
Whoever breaks the law should be punished. （主语从句）
（＝Anyone who breaks the law should be punished. ）Whoever breaks the law, he should be punished. （让步状语从句）
（＝No matter who breaks the law, he should be punished. ）（4）用连接副词when, where, why, how引导名词性从句(其连接副词有含义,在句中作状语.)
例如:Where we should leave it is a problem.
When they will come hasn’t been made pubic.
三、注意点: it构成的主语从句
（1）由连词that引导的主语从句, 在多数情况下放到句子的后面, 而用代词it作形式主语.
例如：That light travels in straight lines is known to all. =It is known to all that light travels in straight lines. When the plane is to take off has not been announced .
= It has not been announced when the plane is to take off. (但当what引导的主语从句表示“…的东西”时, 一般不用it作形式主语.)
错:It is a book what he wants.
对:What he wants is a book.
另外, 需要注意的是, it作形式主语代替主语从句时, 要注意和as 引导的定语从句的区别.试比较：
It was reported that the US was under the terrorist attack. As was reported, the US was under the terrorist attack. （2）常见用it作形式主语的复合句结构
A. It is +名词+从句
It is a fact that… 事实是……
It is good news that … ……是好消息
It is a question that … ……是个问题
It is common knowledge that … ……是常识
类似的名词还有：a pity；a wonder；a good thing； no wonder；
surprise等.
例如：It is a mystery to me how it all happened.
It is common knowledge that the whale is not a fish.
It is no surprise that Bob should have won the game.
It’s a pity that you missed the film.
B. It is +形容词+从句
It is necessary that … 有必要……
It is clear that … 很清楚……
It i s likely that … 很可能……
It is important that … 重要的是……
类似的形容词还有：Strange; natural; obvious; true; good; wonderful; possible; unlikely; quite;
unusual; certain; evident; worth-while; surprising; interesting; astonishing, etc.
例如：It is doubtful whether she will be able to come.
It was really astonishing that he refused to talk to you.
It is essential that he should be here by the weekend.
It seems obvious that we cannot go on like this.
It is necessary that you （should）master the computer.
It is important that a student learn English well.
It is likely that a hurricane will arrive soon.
需要注意的是, 这类主语从句中, 谓语动词很多为“（should）＋动词原形”, 即要用虚拟语气.
C. It is +过去分词+从句
It is said that … 据说……
It is reported that … 据报道……
It has been proved that … 已证明……
It must be proved that… 必须指出……
类似的过去分词还有：known; estimated; expected; believed; thought; hoped; noted; discussed; required;
decided; suggested; demanded; made clear; found out,etc.
例如：It is thought that he is the best player.
It is estimated that the vase is 2000 years old.
It is used to be thought that a new star must be due to a collision between two stars.
It has not been made clear when the new road is to be opened to traffic.
It is said that he was killed in the earthquake.
D. It seems（happened / appears / doesn’t matter / ma kes no
difference / occurred …）that …
It seems that they will win the game.
It makes no difference whether he will attend the meeting or not.
It does not matter if I missed my train.
It happened that I saw him yesterday.
主从练习
1.
_____ as much as one-fifth of all timber harvested
is not used.
A. The estimate
B. The estimated
C. They are estimated
D. It is estimated that
2. _____ some mammals
came to live in the sea is not known.
A. Which
B. Since
C. A lthough
D. How
3. _____ we have achieved is attributed to the gui dance of our parents.
A. Whoever
B. Whatever
C. Howeve r
D. That
4. _____ wealthy does not necessarily mean that a man is greedy.
A. For the reason that he is
B. Jus t because he is
C. The reason of being
D. T hat he is
5. Although ___ happened in this developed country sounds like science fiction, it could occur elsewhere in the world.
A. which
B. what
C. ho w
D. it
6. _____ she had forgotten to take her notebook.
A. That occurred to her
B. She occurred that
C. To her that occurred
D. It occurred to her that
7. I am sure that _____ she said is wrong.
A. which
B. all
C. this
D. what
8. We lost our way in the forest, and ____ made matters worse was that it was getting dark.
A. that
B. which
C. it
D. What
9. _____ or not is still uncertain.
A. He’s coming
B. If he is coming
C. That coming
D. Wheth er he’s coming
10. It’s_____ he’ll be able to come.
A. doubt whether
B. doubtful
C. doubt it
D. doubtful whether
11. ______ he is at work in the heart of the big city or at home in the quiet suburb, Di ck’s life is tied to machines.
A. Whether
B. Till
C. If
D. Unless
12. _____ he saw both surprised and frightened him.
A. That
B. When
C. What
D. Which
13. _____ is warm sunshine.
A. What do we all need.
B. Wha t all we need
C. What we need
D. What we all need
14. _____ is a pity that he should feel so upset.
A. What
B. That
C. He
D. It
15. _____ a spoonful of soil can tell us so much about the structure and early history of the moon .
A. Remarkable
B. Q uite remarkably
C. It is remarkable that
D. I t is remarkable fact that
16. _____ you nominate will be elected.
A. Who
B. Whom
C. Whomever
D. That’s
17. _____ book you borrow must be returned within
a week.
A. What
B. Which
C. Whichever
D. That’s
18. _____ of us gets home first starts cooking.
A. Who
B. Which
C. Whichever
D. Anyone
makes mistakes must correct them.
A. What
B. That
C. Whoever
D. Whatever
2. It worried her a bit ____ her hair was turning grey.
A. while
B. that
C. if
D. for
and why he came here ________ yet.
A. is not known
B. are not known
C. has not known
D. have not known
4. ________ is no reason for dismissing her.
A. Because she was a few minutes late
B. Owing to a few minutes late
C. The fact that she was a few minutes late
D. Being a few minutes late
5. ________ Tom liked to eat was different from ________.
A. That…that you had expected
B. What …that you had expected
C. That…what you had expected
D. What…what you had expected we go swimming every day ________ us a lot of good.
A. If...do
B. That...do
C. If...does
D. That...does
________ Bob drives badly.
A. thinks that
B. is thought what
C. thought that
D. is thought that
's uncertain ________ the experiment is worth doing.
A. if
B. that
C. whether
D. how
the boy didn't take medicine made his mother angry.
A. That
B. What
C. How
D. Which
we can't get seems better than ____ we have.
A. What, what
B. What, that
C. That, that
D. That, what
you don't like him is none of my business.
A. What
B. Who
C. That
D. Whether
12..____ we'll go camping tomorrow depends on the weather.
A. If
B. Whether
C. That
D. Where
going to do the job will be decided by the Party committee.
A. That
B. Why
C. How
D. Who
'll finish translating the book depends on the time.
A. When
B. Why
C. What
D. That
won't go there is clear to all of us.
A. How
B. What
C. Why
D. This
house will be built will be discussed at tomorrow's meeting.
A. If
B. Where
C. That
D. What
come or not is up to you.
A. What
B. If
C. Why
D. Whether
mistakes must correct them.
A. Who
B. Anyone
C. Whoever
D. Anybody
will win the match is a matter of public concern.
A. Which
B. That
C. If
D. How
20. Who is this factory __________ some foreign friends visited last Friday?
A. that
B. where
C. which
D. the one
this factory you visited the other day?
A. that
B. where
C. in which
D. the one
the room last ought to turn off the lights.
A. Anyone
B. The person
C. Whoever
表语从句
1、概述
用作表语的从句叫作表语从句, 它位于主句中的连系动词之后.引导表语从句的词有从属连词that、whether、as though(if)；关系代词who, what, which, whom, whose, whatever, whoever, whomever, whichever等；关系副词when, where, why, how, however, whenever, wherever等.可以接表语从句的连系动词由be, look, remain, seem 等.That引导表语从句时, 在口语中, 间或可以省略.
The trouble is that we are short of money.困难是我们资金短缺. That is why stone walls are used instead of fences around New England fields.这就是为什么在新英格兰用石头墙而不用栅栏的原因.
At that time, it seemed as if I couldn't think of the right word anyhow.当时,我似乎怎么也想不出一个恰当的字眼来.
2、由从属连词that, whether引导的表语从句.
that在引导表语从句时无词义, 而whether有词义, 意为、“是否”.这时主句的主语常常是些抽象名词, 如question(问题), trouble(麻烦), problem(问题), result(结果), chance(可能性), suggestion(建议), idea(想法), reason(理由)等.表语从句对主句主语进行说明、解释, 使主语的内容具体化.
The trouble is (that) she has lost his money. 麻烦的事是他丢了钱.
The question is whether we need more ice cream.问题是我们是否还需要一些冰淇淋.
The problem was that it was too valuable for everyday use.问题是它作为日常之用太贵重了.
What she couldn’t understand was that fewer and fewer students showed interest in her lessons. 我们不能理解越来越少的学生对他的课不感兴趣.
3、由关系代词引导的表语从句.
关系代词who, what, which, whom, whose, whatever, whoever, whomever, whichever等引导表语从句, 在句中作主语、宾语、表语, 关系代词不能省略.
The question is which of us should go.问题是我们哪一个应该去. The problem was who could do the work.问题是谁能做这项工作. That's what he is worrying about.那就是他在担心的事.
That's what we should do.那是我们应该做的.
4、由关系副词引导的表语从句.
Go and get your coat. It's where you left it. 去把雨衣拿来.就在你原来放的地方.
I had neither a raincoat nor an umbrella. That’s why I got wet through. 我们既没伞也没雨衣, 这是我们淋湿的原因.
That is how mice ruin many stores of grain every year.那就是老鼠是怎样每年损害大量粮食的.
That is what he is worried about.那就是他所担心的.
5、由连词because, as if/as though等引导的表语从句.
It looked as if it was going to snow.看起来好像要下雪了. That's because we never thought of it.这是因为我们从未想过此事.
It seems as if he didn’t know the answer.好像他不知道答案.可以接表语从句的系动词有：
1：be（being,been,am,is,are,was,were)
2: feel , seem , look, appear ,sound,
taste , smell
3: stand , lie , remain ,keep, stay
4: become ,get , grow , turn ,go ,come, run,
fall
5: prove, turn out
系动词的固定搭配:
come true, fall asleep, fall ill, go bad, come right, run wild 连接词：that / whether /as if /as
though (if不引导表语从句)
连接代词：who / whom / whose / which
/ what
连接副词：when / where / why / how /
because
注：引导表语从句的连词that间或可以省略.
The truth is（that）I didn't go there. 事实是我没去那儿.［考题1］ The traditional view is ____ we sleep because our brain is “programmed” to make us do so.
A. when
B. why
C. whether
D. that
［答案］ D
［解析］下划线处之后是包含一个原因状语从句的表语从句, 如果看不出它是充当整个句子结构的表语从句将难以把握整个句
子的意思.因此, 应选择可引导名词性从句且不充当任何成分的that.
［考题2］ You are saying that everyone should be equal, and this is ____ I disagree.
A. why
B. where
C. what
D. how
［答案］ B
［解析］下划线处的引导词引导系动词is后的表语从句并在该表语从句中充当地点状语(“disagree”属于不及物动词, “I disagree”本身是完整的主谓结构), 下划线应填入引导词where, 表语从句“where I disagree”的意思是“我不同意之处、我不同意的地方”.
［考题3］— I drove to Zhuhai for the air show last week.
— Is that ____ you had a few days off?
A. why
B. when
C. what
D. where
［答案］ A
［解析］下划线处的引导词引导与系动词is连用的表语从句并在该表语从句中充当原因状语, 下划线应填入表示“因此……”(指因某种原因所造成的结果)的引导词why.
［考题4］____ she couldn’t understand was ____ fewer and fewer students showed interest in her lessons.
A. What; why
B. That; what
C. What; because
D. Why; that
［答案］ A
［解析］第一个下划线处的引导词引导主语从句并在该主语从句中充当宾语, 特指她所不理解的事情, 应填入关系代词
型的引导词what；第二个下划线处表示“因此……”(指因某种原因所造成的后果, 由why引导对应的名词性从句)而不是“为
什么……”(指原因、理由, 由because引导对应的名词性从句), 应填入引导词why.
［考题5］ ____ made the school proud was ____ more than 90% of the students had been admitted to key universities.
A. What; because
B. What; that
C. That; what
D. That; because
［答案］ B
［解析］第一个下划线处的引导词引导主语从句并在该主语从句中充当主语, 特指令校方骄傲的事情, 应选用关系代词
型的引导词what；第二个下划线处引导表语从句表示原因、理由, 应由that引导对应的名词性从句.
［考题6］—Are you still thinking about yesterday’s game?
—Oh, that’s ____.
A. what makes me feel excited
B. whatever I feel excited about
C. how I feel about it
D. when I feel excited
［答案］ A
［解析］ A选项的意思是“令我感觉激动的事物”； B选项的意思是“我觉得激动的任何事物”； C选项的意思是“我对它感觉的方式”； D选项的意思是“令我感觉激动的时间”.四个选项中A最适合跟代表“game”的主语that对应, 充当表语从句.
表语从句与宾语从句的关系
不属于的
宾语从句和表语从句都属于名词性从句.其作用跟名词在句中的作用相同.故充当宾语的句子叫宾语从句, 充当表语的句子叫表语从句.
宾语从句
(1)对于宾语从句要掌握以下三点
①语序: 从句的语序必须是陈述句语序, 即“主语 + 谓语”这种形式.
②时态: 当主句是一般现在时或一般将来时的时候, 从句可以是任何时态, 而当主句是一般过去时的时候, 从句, 从句时
态必须是过去时范围的时态, 即(一般过去时, 过去进行时, 过去完成时, 过去将来时).
③连接词: 当从句意思完整, 主句意思肯定时, 连接词用that, 且可以省去, 当从句意思完整, 主句意思不确定或含否
定含意时, 常用if或whether(是否), 当从句意思不完整时, 连接词则是代替不完整部分的特殊疑问词.
表语从句
在句子中起表语作用的从句叫做表语从句, 位于主句系动词的后面.表语从句的引导词和主语从句的引导词相同.也是名词性从句的一种.
如： What the police want to know is when you enred red the room警察想知道的是你什么时候进的房间.
The The trouble is that we are short of funds困难是我们缺乏资金.
This This is what we should do这是我们应当做的.
That”s s why I want you to work there那就是我要你在那儿工作的原因.
His His first question was whether Mr. Smith had arrived yet他的第一个问题是史密斯先生到了没有.
注意：从句中的疑问句用正常语序, 即陈述语序.
as as if, as though, becau也可用来引导表语从句.
She She seems as if she had done a great thing她看起来好像做了一件大事.
It It is because you eat too much那是因为你吃得太多了.
表从练习
一
1. The question is ________ we will have our sports meet next week.
A. that
B. if
C. when
D. whether
2．The reason why he failed is ________he was too careless.
A. because
B. that
C. for
D. because of
3. Go and get your coat. It’ s ________you left it
A. where
B. there
C. there where
D. where there
4．The problem is _________to take the place of Ted
A. who can we get
B. what we can get
C. who we can get
D. that we can get
5. What I want to know is ______ he likes the gift given by us.
A. that
B. if
C. whether
D.不填
6. The reason is_________I missed the bus.
A. that
B. when
C. why
D. what
7. That is __ ___ we were late last time.
A. that
B. when
C. why
D. what
8. She looked _________ she were ten years younger.
A. that
B. like
C. as
D. as though
9.—I fell sick!
--I think it is _______ you are doing too much.
A. why
B. when
C. what
D. because
10. The reason why he hasn’t come is ___________.
A. because his mother is ill
B. because of his mother’s being ill
C. that his mother is ill
D. for his mother is ill
11. —He was born here.
-- That is _______ he likes the place so much.
A. that
B. what
C. why
D. how
is ______ Lu Xun once lived.
A. what
B. where
C. that
D. Why
二
1．_______your father wants to know is________ getting on with your studies.
A. What; how are you
B. That；how you are
C. How；that you are
D. What；how you are
2. The trouble is__________we are short of tools.
A. what
B. that
C. how
D. why that
3. America was __________was first called “India” by Columbus.
A. what
B. where
C. the place
D. there where
4. China is becoming stronger and stronger. It is no longer_________ .
A. what it used to be
B. what it was used to being
C. what it used to being
D. what it was used to be
5. ________he really means is ________he disagrees with us.
A. What … that
B. That … what
C. What … what
D. That … what
6. The energy is ________ makes the cells able to do their work.
A. that
B. which
C. what
D. Such
三
1. I drove to Zhuhai for the air show last week .
—Is that_____ you had a few days off？
A. why B .what C. when D. where
2. I had neither a raincoat nor an umbrella ____I got wet through.
A. It’s the reason
B. That’s why
C. There’s why
D. It’s how
3. See the flags on top of the building? That was ______ we did this morning.
A. when
B. which
C. where
D. what
4. --- Are you still thinking about yesterday’s game?
---Oh, that’s _____.
A. what makes me feel excited
B. whatever I feel excited about
C. how I feel about it
D. when I feel excited
5. What surprised me was not what he said but ______ he said it.
A. the way
B. in the way that
C. in the way
D. the way which
1.The question is ________ we will have our sports meet next week.
A. that
B. if
C. when
D. whether
名词性从句---主语从句 1. What is needed for the space trip is careful preparation. 2. Her wish is that she can lose weight soon. 3. I think that woman can reach every high achievements in many fields of science. 4. We were very excited at the news that our team had won. 引导名词性从句的关联词可分为三类： 一．从属连词：that（无任何词意） whether, if（均表示“是否”表明从句内容的不确定性） as if ,as though（均表示“好像”，“似乎”）以上在从句中均不充当任何成分二．连接代词：what, who, whom, which，whose, whatever, whoever, whichever(作主宾表定) 三．连接副词：when, where, how, why(作状语) I.主语从句 1.定义：在句子中担当主语的是一个从句,这个从句就叫做主语从句。 2.位置：主语从句是在复合句中充当主语的从句，通常放在主句谓语动词之前或由形式主语it 代替，而本身放在句子末尾。 3.引导主语从句的关联词： (1)从属连词that,whether,if (在从句中不充当成分，仅起连接作用) That Jack won the match yesterday surprised us. Whether he’ll come here isn’t clear. (此处不能用if) (2)连接代词who, whom, whose, what, which, whoever, whatever, whichever(充当主宾表定) What she did is not known. Whoever comes is welcome. (3)连接副词where,when,how,why(在从句中充当状语) How this happened is not clear to anyone. When the meeting will be held is decided by our manager. 4.有时为了避免头重脚轻，常用it作形式主语，而把真正主语放在句子末尾。 How the book will sell depends on its author. = It depends on its author how the book will sell. That he is the best student in the class is obvious. = It is obvious that he is the best student in the class. 用it作形式主语的几种常见结构： (1) It is ＋名词＋从句 It is a fact that … 事实是… It is an honor that …非常荣幸 It is common knowledge that …是常识 (2) It is ＋形容词＋从句 It is natural that… 很自然It is strange that… 奇怪的是… (3) It is ＋不及物动词＋从句 It seems that… 似乎… It happened that… 碰巧… It ap pears that… 似乎… (4) It ＋过去分词＋从句
主语从句练习题 一．翻译 1．(谁将去接他)_______________________________________________ is not decided. 2．(哪个班极会赢得这场足球赛)__________________________________ is not clear . 3．(他能否买到飞机票)______________________________________ doesn’t matter much. 4．(我们如何去那里)__________________________________________ is a question. 5．(你刚才告诉我的)_______________________________________ was really a surprise. 6．(他什么时候出国)_______________________________________ is being discussed 7．(他为什么哭)___________________________________________ is not clear. 8．It is clear______________________________________________(他是一个乞丐). 9．(你要请谁)______________________________________________ is not important. 10．(我们将在哪里举行篮球赛)____________________________________ is not clear. 二．找出下列句子中的主语从句及其引导词，并且指出引导词是否充当成分，充当什么成分。 1. That we shall be late is certain. 2. That the driver could not control his car was obvious. 3. It is certain that we shall be late. 4. It was obvious that the driver could not control his car. 5. Is it possible that they will come tomorrow？ 6. It is clear that he was telling the truth. 7. It’s probable that we’ll be a little late. 8. What caused the accident is a complete mystery. 9. It worried her a bit that her hair was turning grey. 10. It shocked me that Peter didn’t tell anybody where he was. 11. Who was responsible for the accident is not yet clear. 12. It’s a pity that you can’t go with us. 13. What he did is not yet known. 14. It is said that he has been there many times. 15. It is not yet clear who was responsible for the accident. 16. When they will have the sports meet is still a question. 17. It seems that he has lost something. 18. What he said at the meeting encouraged everyone. 19. What caused the accident was a broken bottle. 20. It remains a problem whether it is true. 21. Whoever breaks the law is sure to be punished. 22. What she looks like doesn’t matter.
名词性从句之主语从句 一、名词性从句概述：在句子中起名词作用的各种从句统称为名词性从句。 根据它们在句中的语法作用，这类从句又可分为主语从句、同位语从句、表语从句和宾语从句。 二、主语从句定义： 在句中起主语作用的从句称为主语从句。 引导主语从句的连接词主要有：单纯连词（that, whether/ if）、连接代词(what, whatever, who, whoever, whom, whose, which, whichever等)和连接副词(when, where, why, how, whenever, wherever, however等)。 1)that引导的主语从句 （1）由连词that引导的主语从句:引导词that无含义/在句中不做成分/不可以省。例如：That you will win the medal seems unlikely.你能得奖看起来不大可能。 That light travels in straight lines is known to all. 众所周知，光沿直线传播。 That you don’t like him is none of my business.你不喜欢他不管我的事。（2）形式主语it替代主语从句位于句首，that引导真正的主语从句会放到句子的后面。常用的句式主要有如下几种： 1.It+ 系动词+形容词+that从句。 如： It is necessary that …有必要…… It is clear that …很清楚…… It is likely that …很可能…… It is important that …重要的是…… 类似的形容词还有：strange; natural; obvious; true; good; wonderful; possible; unlikely; quite; unusual; certain; evident; worth-while; surprising; interesting; astonishing, etc. 例如：It was really astonishing that he refused to talk to you. It is essential that he should be here by the weekend. It seems obvious that we can not go on like this. It is necessary that you （should）master the computer.
语法要点剖析 一、名词性从句 主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句、同位语从句，在整个句子中所起的作用，相当于一个名词。因此，这四种从句通称为名词性从句。 引导名词性从句的连接词可分为三类： 连接词：that, whether, if （不充当从句的任何成分） 连接代词：what, whatever, who, whoever, whom, whose, which. 连接副词：when, where, how, why 1. 主语从句 作句子主语的从句叫主语从句。主语从句通常由从属连词that，whether，if 和连接代词what，who，which，whatever，whoever以及连接副词how，when，where，why等词引导。that在句中无词义，只起连接作用；连接代词和连接副 词在句中既保留自己的疑问含义、又起连接作用，在从句中充当从句的成分。例如： What he wants to tell us is not clear. 他要跟我们说什么，还不清楚。 It is known to us how he became a writer. 我们都知道他是如何成为一名 作家的。 Where the English evening will be held has not yet been announced. 英语晚会将在哪里举行，还没有宣布。 有时为避免句子头重脚轻，常用形式主语it代替主语从句作形式主语放于句首，而把主语从句置于句末。主语从句后的谓语动词一般用单数形式。常用句型如下： （1）It + be + 名词+ that从句（2）It + be + 形容词+ that从句 （3）It + be + 动词的过去分词+ that从句（4）It + 不及物动词+ that 从句 另注意在主语从句中用来表示惊奇、不相信、惋惜、理应如此等语气时，谓语动词要用虚拟语气“(should) +do”，常用的句型有： It is necessary (important, natural, strange, etc.) that … It is a pity (a shame, no wonder, etc.) that… It is suggested (requested, proposed, desired, etc.) that… 2. 宾语从句 名词句用作宾语的从句叫宾语从句。引导宾语从句的关联词与引导主语从句表语从句的关联词大致一样，在句中可以作谓语动词或介词及非谓语动词的宾语。 1. 由连接词that引导的宾语从句 由连接词that引导宾语从句时，that在句中不担任任何成分，在口语或非正式的文体中常被省去，但如从句是并列句时,第二个分句前的that不可省。例如：He has told me that he will go to Shanghai tomorrow.他已经告诉我他明天要去 上海。 We must never think (that) we are good in everything while others are good in nothing. 我们决不能认为自己什么都好，别人什么都不好。
高考英语主语从句 定义：用作主语的从句叫主语从句，它是名词性从句之一。主语从句的时态：不受主句的时态影响和限制。引导主语从句的连接词有： 从属连词: that, whether； 连接代词: who (whoever), whom, whose, what (whatever)和which (whichever)； 连接副词: when, where, how和why。 连接词： 1. 从属连词：that，whether 1）that引导主语从句只起引导作用，在主语从句中不充当任何成分，that本身无实际意义，但不能省略。2）whether意为“是否”，放在句首句末皆可。由whether引导的名词从句做主语，表语，介词宾语，同位语时！不可用if代替。 a.That price will go up is certain. b. Whether they would support us was a problem. 他们是否会支持我们还是一个问题。 2. 连接代词who ，what ，which, whatever, whichever, whoever (Who, whom, which, what可以和ever构成合成词，和what一样引导从句，ever起到强调作用。此类主语从句不能用形式主语it引导，它们在句子中担任成分，不能省略，语序为陈述语序，既有疑问含义,又起连接作用,同时在从句中充当各种成分。 Which side will win is not clear. Whoever breaks the law will be punished. Whatever he did is right. Who killed the scientist remains a question. 1）What和that引导的主语从句的区别：that 只起引导作用，不充当任何成分，没有意思。What 不仅起引导作用，还要充当一定成分(主语、宾语或表语)，意思是：“什么”。 What we need is money. That he will come is certain. 2）whatever / whoever的用法（~ever=no matter ~---让步状语从句中） whatever / whoever可以引导主语从句,并在句中作主语、宾语、表语等,不含疑问意义。whatever相当于anything that; whoever 相当于anyone who。例如: Whoever(Anyone who) wants to enter into this school must take the exam. Whatever(Anything that) she did was right. 3. 连接副词when，where，how，why等。既有疑问含义,又起连接作用,同时在从句中充当各种成分。How this happened is not clear to anyone. When he will be back depends on the weather. When we’ll start tomorrow will be told soon. Where the test will be given is not yet decided. 4. 主语从句后置：为了避免主语冗长,句子头重脚轻,经常用it 作形式主语,主语从句放在后面作真正的主语. 例: That we shall be late is certain. -- It’s certain that we shall be late. 1）用it 作形式主语的结构 A. It + be + 形容词+ that 从句 (obvious, true, surprising, good, wonderful, funny, possible, likely, certain, probable, etc.) 如：It is certain that she will do well in her exam. B. It + be + 名词词组+ that 从句(an honour, a fact, a pity, etc）如： It is a pity/shame that... 遗憾的是…… It is a surprise that…令人惊奇的是… It is a fact that… …是事实It is common knowledge that… …是常识 It’s a pity that we can’t go. C. It + be + 过去分词+ that 从句(said, reported, thought, expected, decided, announced, etc。）如：It is said that Mr. Green has arrived in Beijing. D. It + 不及物动词或短语+ that 从句( seem，happen, doesn’t matter ,turn out）。如： It happened that I was out that day. It doesn’t matter whether she will come or not. 2) 对于以连接代词(副词)引导的主语从句,可以使用形式主语代主语从句,也可直接在句首使用主语从
名词性从句练习题 1._______ you have done might do harm to other people. A. That B. What C. Which D. This 2. They have no idea at all ____________. A. where he has gone B. where did he go C. which place he has gone D. where he has been 3. _____________ leaves the room last ought to turn off the lights. A. Anyone B. The person C. Whoever D. Who 4. Upon graduation he asked to be sent to _______________. A. where he is most needed B. where he needed C. where he is mostly needed D. where is he mostly needed 5. The early years of the D.U company were characterized by a debate concerning or individual form should have more power. A. whether the cooperation form B. either the cooperation form C. that cooperation form D.the cooperation form 6. Can you make sure _____________ the gold ring? A. where Alice had put B. where had Alice put C. where Alice has put D. where has Alice put 7. No one can be sure _____________ in a million years. A. what man will look like B. what will man look like C. man will look like what D. what look will man like 8. _____________ the Games will be held in Beijing is not known. A. Whenever B. If C. Whether D. That 9. It worried her a bit _____________ her hair was turning grey. A. which B. that C. if D. for 10. _____________ you don't like him is none of my business. A. What B. Who C. That D. Whether 11. _____________ he said at the meeting astonished everybody present. A. What B. That C. The fact D. The matter 12. He asked _____________ for the violin. A. did I pay how much B. I paid how much
定语从句 1. After living in Australia for many years, Louise finally returned to the country she was born. 2. There are many good websites you can check out the latest in the science world. 3.Another saying which has come from the fable is "God helps those help themselves”. 4. Then Needham began his lifelong research, ended up creating the greatest work--Science and Civilization in China. 5. His interest started a few years ago, he was in college and studying wildlife science. 6. There are perhaps 40 million competitive table tennis players and many ordinary people play less seriously. 7. He was a great scientist and extraordinary man work and legacy will live on for many years. 8. That is an Oxford college, famous graduates include the late Benazir Bhutto. 9. But it's not like many other countries there seems to be tension among the different cultures. 10. Then, a fire, broke out in 1969 on Cleveland's Cuyahoga River, shed light on the problem of chemical pollution in water. 11. Pupils, usually come from the fifth or sixth grade, are
第五讲并列句和三大从句 第一组定语从句 1.(2020辽宁大连双基测试，)The 55-km Hong Kong Zhuhai-Macao Bridge, ____________________was opened on Oct. 24, 2018connects Guangdong Province with China's two special administrative regions, Hong Kong and Macao. 2.(2020黑龙江哈尔滨三中二调，)In 1984,Dr.Mary Groda-Lewis, ____________________was thirty-five years old then, graduated with honors and realized her dream 3.(2020陕西咸阳)He said,"...I added a small moustache____________________would add age without hiding my expression." 4.(2020新疆乌鲁木齐二诊)The act,____________________forbids trading, was passed in 1448 and is still in force. 5.(2020陕西汉中一模，41)Our office wasn't far from Chinatown,____________________ I found some very good Chinese restaurants 6.(2020黑龙江大庆一中)As more and more people own private cars, parking has become a big headache for many car owners, especially for those____________________ live in downtown areas without enough parking spaces. 7.(2019黑龙江哈尔滨六中二模，61)Now millions of fans are eagerly awaiting its eighth and final season,____________________starts on April 14. 8.(2018陕西宝鸡质检，65)Then,a fire,____________________broke out in1969 on Cleveland's Cuyahoga River, shed light on the problem of chemical pollution in water. 【答案】 1.which 句意：长55公里的港珠澳大桥于2018年10月24日开通，它将广东省与中国的两个特别行政区——香港和澳门——连接起来。设空处引导定语从句，指代先行词The 55-km Hong Kong-Zhuhai-Macao Bridge,关系代词在从句中作主语，故填which。 2.who 句意：1984年，Mary Groda-Lewis博士以优异的成绩毕业并实现了自己的梦想，当时她35岁。先行词为Dr.Mary Groda-Lewis,设空处引导非限制性定语从句，在从句中作主语，故填关系代词who。 3.which 句意：他说：“……我增加了一小最胡子，这会在不掩盖表情的情况下让我看起来年龄大些。”分析句子结构可知，设空处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词为a small moustache,故用关系代词which。 4.which 句意：这项禁止贸易的法令于1448年通过，至今仍然有设空处指代先行词Theact,故由which引导
主语从句详解 一、概述 在句子中起名词作用的各种从句统称为名词性从句.根据它们在句中的语法作用, 这类从句又可分为主语从句、同位语从句、表语从句和宾语从句. 二、主语从句主要有四类 （1）由连词that引导的主语从句:引导词that无含义/在句中不做成分/不可以省. 例如：That you will win the medal seems unlikely. That you are so indifferent bothers me. That she survived the accident is a miracle. （2）用连词 whether 引导的主语从句: whether有含义(是否)/在句中不做成分/不可以省. 注意：引导主语从句, 不能用if, 只能用whether. 例如：Whether we will hold a party in the open air tomorrow depends on the weather. Whether she is coming or not doesn’t matter too much. （3）用连接代词引导的主语从句 在由连接代词who, whose, whom, which, what, whoever, whomever, whichever, whatever引导的名词性从句中, 其连接代词在句中起名词性作用, 担当一定成分. 例如：What you need is more practice. What I want to know is this. Whatever we do is to serve the people. 注：whatever / whoever的功用
高考英语三大从句复习 一、专题详解 一、名词性从句解题技巧 1.正确分析句子成分是做对题的关键。 2.连接词的特点： that没有意义，在从句中只起连接作用，不充当句子成分； whether, if 表“是否”，在从句中只起连接作用，不充当句子成分； what, which, how, where, when, whate ver等，有各自的意义，在从句中担任成分。 3. that 引导主语、表语、同位语从句时不省略；有多个that引导的宾语从句时，只有第一个that可省略；引导的宾语从句中含有从句时，也不省略。 4. 介词后一般不接that引导的宾语从句，此时需要用it作形式宾语；某些动词enjoy, hate, have, like, love, appreciat e, take也不能接that引导的宾语从句，此时需要
用it作形式宾语。如：You may rely on it that he will come on time. 5. reason做主语时，表语从句只能用that引导。 6.doubt 在肯定句中其后的宾语从句常用whether, if 引导；doubt在否定和疑问句中其后的宾语从句常用that引导。 如：There is some doubt ___whether_______ he will come tomorrow. 7. 与if相比较，whether 引导所有名词性从句，也可用于连接介词后的宾语从句，可以discuss, decide 后引导宾语从句，还可与or not 连用。 *考题检验 1. __________ Barbara Jones offers to h er fans is honesty and happiness. 2. There is clear evidence ________ the most difficult feeling of all to inte rpret is bodily pain.
考点七十一主语从句 主语从句是在复合句中担任主语的句子。其特点有： （1）引导词： 从属连词that, whether; 连接代词who, what, which; whoever, whatever, whichever; 连接副词when, where, how和why。 （2）语序：陈述句语序 （3）在主语从句中只能用whether,不能用if That he will win the match is certain. It is certain that he will win the match. 1. 一般来说主语从句都是放在句首，但有时为了使句子保持平衡，避免"头重脚轻",常用it 作形式主语，从而把主语从句放后面。常以it作形式主语的句型有： ①It is＋形容词＋that... ?It is certain that she will do well in her exam． 毫无疑问她考试成绩会很好。 ②It is＋名词词组(no wonder, an honour, a good thing, a pity, no surprise, common knowledge, a surprise, a fact, etc.)＋that... ?It’s a pity that we can’t go. 很遗憾我们不能去。 ③It is＋过去分词(said, reported, thought, expected, decided, announced, arranged, etc.)＋that... ?It has been suggested that much should be done to prevent the river from being polluted. 有人建议应做更多的工作阻止河流遭受污染。 ④It appears/seems that...|It happens that...|It occurred to me that...|It turned out that... ?It turned out that nobody remembered the address. 结果发现没人记得这地址。 ⑤It doesn’t m atter that...|It makes no difference that... ?It doesn’t matter whether she will come or not． 她是否来这无关紧要。 2. 当that引导的主语从句出现在疑问句中时，要以it作形式主语，而把主语从句后置。 ?Does it matter much that they will not come tomorrow? 他们明天不来很要紧吗？ 3. 当主语从句出现在感叹句中时，要以it作形式主语，而把主语从句后置。 ?How strange it is that the children are so quiet!
三大从句易错题汇总 1. Whenever I met her, ________ was fairly often, she greeted me with a sweet smile. A. who B. which C. when D. that 2.The company donated books and computers worth more than $5,000 to the children of ________ was evaluated as poor families. A. who B. that C. what D. which 3. The new restaurant on Baker Street, ________ used to be a market, is to open soon. A. that B. which C. who D. where 4.________ there are living creatures in outer space hasn’t been proved yet. A. How B. That C. Whether D. Where 5. — Is that the small company you often refer to? — Right, just the one ________ you know I used to work for years. A. that B. which C. where D. as 6. — I serve my husband three meals every day and do almost everything for him,but he still fails me. — I’m sorry to say that’s ________ you’re mistaken. A. how B. where C. what D. why 7. I can remember very few occasions ________ my English teacher stopped working because of ill health. A. that B. when C. where D. which 8. Many experts hold the view ________ teacher development is ________ the key to better education lies. A. which; where B. which; in which C. that; where D. that; in which 9. Cheer up! Everyone may have periods in their lives ________ everything seems tough. A. where B. when C. which D. that 10. The sport was a little different from ________ we currently know as gymnastics. A. that B. what C. which D. where 11. These teachers have no idea ________ it is like to earn one’s living in industry or commerce. A. which B. that C. whether D. what 12. Whitney Houston’s sudden death suggests that drug abuse is such a serious problem ________ we should deal with properly. A. which B. where C. as D. that 13. The question came at the conference ________ we should do with the sluggish market. A. which B. where C. how D. what 14. It’s none of your business ________ other people think about you. Believe yourself. A. how B. what C. which D. when 15. It seems that we value ________ we are trying to get more than ________ we possess right now. A. what; what B. what; that C. that; that D. that; what 16. There were some chairs left over ________ everyone had sat down. A. when B. until C. that D. where 17. How can you expect to learn anything ________ you never listen? A. even if B. unless C. in case D. when 18. It was some time later ________ we realized the truth. A. until B. before C. that D. since 19. The doctor advised me to live ________ it is warm and a bit humid for the sake of my pneumonia. A. in where B. in which C. the place where D. where 20. — Dad, I’ve finished my assignment. — Good, and ________ you play or watch TV,you mustn’t disturb me. A. whenever B. whether C. whatever D. no matter 21. ________ is known to us all is that America is a developed country ________ the First World. A. It; belonging to B. As; belonged to C. What; belonging to D. It; belonged to 22. Sometimes, ________ we show our gratitude for a person is reflected in the kind of food we serve him or her. A. why B. how C. when D. whether 23. I ran across an old friend of mine the other day ________ we were camping in the summer holidays. A. when B. where C. in which D. while 24. — What impresses you most about Mrs. Flower’s garden, the flowers, the bushes or whatever? — ________ the garden is laid out. A. Where B. How C. Because D. When