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(完整版)小学英语复数形式归纳总结,推荐文档

(完整版)小学英语复数形式归纳总结,推荐文档
(完整版)小学英语复数形式归纳总结,推荐文档

小学英语名词复数形式归纳

规则变化规律:

一、一般情况下,直接在该词末尾加-s。

读音变化:-s在清辅音[p][t][k] [f]后读[s],在浊辅音和元音后读[z],在辅音[s][z][d?]后读[iz],

口诀:清清浊浊元浊,结尾是清辅音读[s],结尾是浊辅音或元音读[z]。

例:friend-friends; cat-cats; sport-sports;

cups-cups, cake-cakes, flag-flags, face-faces

book-books, bag-bags, cat-cats, bed-beds

二、凡以s、x、ch、sh结尾的词,在该词末尾加-es构成复数。读音变化:统一加读[iz]。

例:bus→buses; fox→foxes; match→matches; flash→flashes ;class-classes, box-boxes, watch-watches,

dish-dishes;brush-brushes.

三、以y结尾

(1)以辅音字母+y结尾的名词,将y改变为i,再加-es。

读音变化:加读[z]。

例:candy→candies;lady→ladies;story→stories;

party-parties;family-families;story-stories;city-cities;strawberry-strawberries;

country-countries, study-studies,fairy→fairies; daisy→daisies.

(2)以“元音字母(a,e,i,o,u)+y”结尾,直接加-s,读[z]. 如:boy-boys; toy—toys; ray-rays; day-days;key-keys.

四、以“f或fe”结尾,变f或fe为v, 再加-es,如:knife-knives,读音变化:尾音[f]改读[vz]

例:knife→knives; life→lives; leaf→leaves;

half---halves ; wolf---wolves;loaf-loaves, wife---wives; thief---thieves;staff→staves; scarf→scarves。

注意:也有例外,加-s,读[s]:

例:roof-roofs屋顶; proof-proofs;证明、证据

belief---beliefs; chief-chiefs; safe---safes; gulf---gulfs.

两者皆可的有:如handkerchief: handkerchiefs / handkerchieves。

五、以-o结尾的名词:

1、以-o结尾的名词,加-s构成复数,读[z];

photo—photos相片radio—radios收音机zoo—zoos 动物园;piano→pianos钢琴; bamboo-bamboos竹子. 2、特例:以-o结尾的名词,加-es,读音变化:加读[z]

hero-heroes英雄, Negro-Negroes黑人, potato-potatoes 土豆, tomato-tomatoes西红柿; mosquito-mosquites蚊子。

3、两者皆可volcano-volcanoes/ volcanos 火山;

zero-zeros/zeroes斑马, mango-mangoe/ mangoes芒果。

六、以-th结尾的名词加-s :

truth-truths, mouth-mouths, month-months, path-paths,

不规则名词复数:

一、部分单词的复数形式不变。

读音变化:保持原音。

例:fish-fish; sheep-sheep; cattle-cattle; deer-deer; salmon-salmon ;cannon -cannon; trout-trout 鳟鱼;Chinese;Germans ;Swiss ;Japanese。

二、少数单词,其复数形式没有任何规律。

读音变化:没有规律。

例:man-men; woman-women; child-children;

person-people; foot-feet; tooth-teeth; goose-geese, mouse-mice.

三、另外还有一些名词,其复数形式有时可表示特别含义,例:waters(水域);fishes(各种)鱼;times(时代);drinks(饮料);looks(外表),papers(文件报纸),

brains(头脑智力), sands(沙滩),goods(货物),

customs(海关), forces(军队), spirits(情绪), manners(礼貌), greens(青菜), ruins(废墟)

四、另一些名词则以复数词出现的机会较多

例:bellows风箱; clothes; police; shorts短裤;

scissors剪刀; shears大剪刀;trousers长裤; wages工资;spectacles,glasses,眼镜。

若表达具体数目,要借助数量词

例:pair(对,双); suit(套); a pair of glasses; two pairs of trousers

五、合成名词

1、将主体名词变为复数:

例:daughter-in-law →daughters-in-law 媳妇;

father-in-law →fathers-in-law岳父

maid-servant →maid-servants

story-teller →story-tellers,

boy friend →boy friends。

无主体名词时将最后一部分变为复数:

grown-ups, housewives, stopwatches.

将两部分变为复数 women singers, men servants。

六、不同国籍人的单复数

国籍总称(谓语用复数)单数复数

中国人the Chinese a Chinese two Chinese

瑞士人the Swiss a Swiss two Swiss

日本人the Japanese a Japanese two Japanese 澳大利亚人the Australians an Australian two Australians 俄国人the Russians a Russian two Russians

意大利人the Italians an Italian two Italians

美国人the Americans an American two Americans 印度人the Indians an Indian two Indians

加拿大人the Canadians a Canadian two Canadians 德国人the Germans a Germans two Germans 英国人the English an Englishman two Englishmen 法国人the French a Frenchman two Frenchmen 瑞典人the Swedish a Swede two Swedes

希腊人the Greek a Greek two Greeks

7、除人民币元、角、分外,美元、英镑、法郎等都有复数形式。例:a dollar, two dollars; a meter, two meters

8、另外(1)集体名词,以单数形式出现,但实为复数。例如:people police cattle 等本身就是复数,不能说a people,a police,a cattle,但可以说a person,a policeman,a head of cattle,

the English,the British,the French,the Chinese,the Japanese等名词,表示国民总称时,作复数用,如The Chinese are industries and brave. 中国人民是勤劳勇敢的。

(2)以s结尾,仍为单数的名词,如:

a. maths,politics,physics等学科名词,一般是不可数名词,为单数。

b. news 为不可数名词。

c. the United States,the United Nations 应视为单数。The United Nations was organized in 1945. 联合国是1945年组建起来的。

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