下载文档原格式
Subjunctive Mood1. 语气 Mood语气是动词的一种形式，表示说话人对一事物和人的态度和看法。
包括陈述语气，祈使语气和虚拟语气三种。
陈述语气表示动作或状态是现实的、确定的或符合事实的，用于陈述句、疑问句和某些感叹句。
①T here are two sides to every question. 每个问题都有两个方面。
②Were you busy all day yesterday 昨天一整天你都很忙吗③How good a teacher she is! 她是多好的一位老师啊！祈使语气祈使语气：表示说话人对对方的请求或命令。
Never be late again! 再也不要迟到了。
Don’t forget to turn off the light.别忘了关灯。
虚拟语气表示动作或状态不是客观存在的事实，而是说话人的主观愿望、假设或推测等。
①I f I were a bird, I could fly in the air. 如果我是一只小鸟，我就能在空中飞行。
②I wish I could pass the examination. 我希望我能通过考试。
③May you succeed! 祝您成功！虚拟语气是动词的一种特殊形式，用来表达未能成为事实或者不可能成为事实的情况，或者在说话人看来实现可能性很小的情况。
此外还可用来表示命令、建议、设想、祝愿（或诅咒）等等，以及表达说话人的主观愿望。
时间从句谓语形式主句谓语形式动词过去式 (be 用 were)将来should +动词原形would / should / might / could +动词原形were to +动词原形现在动词过去式(be用were)would / should / might / could +动词原形过去had +动词过去分词情态动词 + have donecould have done本来可以- - -might have done本来可能- - -should / ought to have done本来应该做- - -shouldn ’ t / ought not to have done 本不该做- -would / should / might / could have +动词过去分词你本不应该告诉她真相。
虚拟语气一、条件句中的虚拟语气1. 条件句中虚拟语气的形式从句中提出一种与客观现实不相符或根本不可能存在的条件，主句会产生的一种不可能获得的结果。
条件句中的虚拟语气根据不同的时间有三种不同的形式。
时间从句谓语形式主句谓语形式将来动词过去式(be用were)should + 动词原形were to + 动词原形would / should / might / could + 动词原形现在动词过去式(be 用were) would / should / might / could + 动词原形过去had +动词过去分词would / should / might / could have + 动词过去分词2. 中的虚拟语气的举例(1) 将来时的条件句中的虚拟语气。
如：If he should go to Qing Hua University, he would make full use of his time. 如果他要上清华大学的话，他就会充分利用他的时间了。
If he were to come here, he would tell us about it. 如果他要来的话，他会通知我们一声。
(2) 现在时的条件句中的虚拟语气。
如：If he were free, he would help us. 要是他有空的话，它会帮助我们的。
If he studied at this school, he would know you well. 如果他在这所学校学习的话，它会对你很熟悉。
(3) 过去时的条件句中的虚拟语气。
如：If I had seen the film, I would have told you about it. 我如果看过这场电影，我会把电影内容告诉你了。
If I had got there earlier, I would have met Mr. Li. 如果我早点到那儿，我就会会到了李先生。
4级翻译虚拟语气讲解精选+习题高中语法项目------虚拟语气Subjunctive Mood 一：分类1在英语中有三种语气，陈述语气，祈使语气和虚拟语气2 虚拟语气表示说话的人的一种愿望、意见、命令、要求，有时候是一种非真实的假设、料想或者是不可能实现的与事实相反的愿望。
二、形式虚拟语气经常用在if引导的条件状语从句中，在条件句中做出和事实不相符的一种假设。
a.和现在事实相反的假设If从句主句主语+动词过去式+其它(be动词用were) 主语+would/should/could/might+动词原形+其它如：If I were you, I would study hard. If he had enough money, he would buy a computer.b.和过去事实相反的假设If从句主句主语+had done+其它主语+had been done+其它主语+would/should/could/might +have done主语+would/should/could/might +have been done(被动)如：If you had come five minutes earlier, you would have met him.If they had been treated in time, they would not have died.c.和将来事实相反的假设If从句主句主语+were to do+其它主语+动词过去式+其它主语+should+动词原形+其它主语+would/should/could/might+动词原形如：If I were to do it, I would do it in another day.If it rained tomorrow, we wouldn’t be able to go on picnic.d.混合条件句混合条件句是指条件句是对过去事实相反的假设，而主句则表示现在的某种情况。
四级考试中的虚拟语气- 四级语法虚拟语气是大学英语四级考试的重点和难点。
笔者通过对历年大学英语四级考试实考试题的分析研究，编写了这份复习资料。
"考点预测"中的试题，体现了有关虚拟语气的测试要点。
读者不妨先动手做这部分试题，以便自己心中有数。
"考点精析"则是对"考点预测"逐题加以解析，力图使读者能举一反三，触类旁通。
【考点预测】1．Jean doesn't want to work right away because she thinks that if she _____ a job she probably wouldn't be able to see her friends very often．A）has to getB）were to getC）had gotD）could have got2．_____ for your help，we'd never have been able to get over the difficulties．A）Had it notB）If it were notC）Had it not beenD）If we had not been3．Oh，what a nuisance！It _____so easy for me to bring those photographs I wanted to show you，but I have left them on the table at home．A）would have beenB）had beenC）would beD）was4．If we had been more careful，we _____much better results now．A）would be gettingB）would have gotC）gotD）had got5．He suggested_____ to tomorrow's exhibition together．A）us to goB）we wentC）we shall goD）we go6．It is recommended that the project _____until all the preparations have been made．A）is not startedB）will not be startedC）not be startedD）is not to be started7．It's necessary _____the dictionary immediately．A）that he will returnB）that he returnedC）that he returnD）that he has to return8．It is of the utmost importance that you _____here on time．A）beB）shall beC）are to beD）must be9．One of the requirements for a fire is that the material_____ to its burning temperature．A）is heatedB）will be heatedC）be heatedD）would be heated10．I wish I _____longer this morning，but I had to get up and come to class．A）could have sleptB）sleepC）might have sleptD）have slept11．It's already 5o'clock now．Don't you think it's about time _____A）we are going homeB）we go homeC）we went homeD）we can go home12．The mad man was put in the soft-padded cell lest he _____himself．A）injureB）had injuredC）injuredD）would injure13．That tree looked as if it _____for a long time．A）hasn't wateredB）didn't waterC）hadn't been wateredD）wasn't watered14．I'd rather you _____anything about it for the time being．A）don't doB）didC）didn't doD）would do15．Look at the terrible situation I am in！If only I _____your advice．A）followB）had followedC）would followD）have followed【考点精析】1正确答案为选项B。
四年级英语虚拟语气练习题20题含答案解析1.If I were a bird, I ____ fly high in the sky.A.canB.couldC.willD.would答案解析：D。
“If I were a bird”是对现在情况的假设，要用虚拟语气，后面接“would+动词原形”。
A 选项can 用于一般现在时；B 选项could 虽然也可以表示可能性，但在这个虚拟语气的句子中不合适；C 选项will 用于一般将来时。
2.If he had more time, he ____ read more books.A.canB.couldC.willD.would答案解析：D。
“If he had more time”是对现在情况的假设，要用虚拟语气，后面接“would+动词原形”。
A 选项can 用于一般现在时；B 选项could 虽然也可以表示可能性，但在这个虚拟语气的句子中不合适；C 选项will 用于一般将来时。
3.If it ____ sunny tomorrow, we would go for a picnic.A.isB.wasC.wereD.will be答案解析：C。
“If it were sunny tomorrow”是对将来情况的假设，要用虚拟语气，be 动词在虚拟语气中一般用were。
A 选项is 用于一般现在时；B 选项was 用于一般过去时；D 选项will be 用于一般将来时。
4.If I had a magic wand, I ____ make all my dreams come true.A.canB.couldC.willD.would答案解析：D。
“If I had a magic wand”是对现在情况的假设，要用虚拟语气，后面接“would+动词原形”。
A 选项can 用于一般现在时；B 选项could 虽然也可以表示可能性，但在这个虚拟语气的句子中不合适；C 选项will 用于一般将来时。
Translation from Chinese into English:在四级新题型考试中，翻译题所占分值为10%。
由5个句子组成，要求考生将句子的一部分由中文翻译成英文。
它考查的内容主要包括两部分，一是意群的表达，二是句法。
1.虚拟语气Subjunctive moodEg. It has been decided that the meeting (延期到下星期) He put his coat over the child for fear that （她会着凉）2.主渭一致Eg. Two thousand miles （对我们来说太远了）to travel over a short vocation.Breathing normally in a heavily polluted city （相当于）smoking a pack of cigarettes a day.3．倒装结构Eg. Not only （旧城市得到改善）, but the cities were built.Only when you have sufficient materials (你才能得出正确的结论).4.非谓语动词Eg. The headmaster’s order to have the whole place (马上打扫干净)was unreasonable since he didn’t provide any tools.He claimed to (被恶劣地对待)at yesterday’s party.5.独立主格结构Eg. A large fish was slowly swimming through the water, its tail (来回摆动)like the pendulum of a clock.(这么多人不在), we decided to put the meeting off.6.时态Eg. By the time we got there, the play (已经开始了)When I saw her last night, she (正在练习英语口语)7.从句Eg. (月亮环绕地球转动)is well known to all of us.How many students are there in your class(父母在政府机关工作)?8.强调句Eg. (给我们印象最深的)were her liveliness and sense of humor.(不是我而是你)who are the first to run to the goal in that competition.9．比较结构Eg. These engines are （不如我们制造的那些发动机功率大）The machine is （在很多方面比那台好）样题：The substance does not dissolve in water （不管是否加热）Not only (他向我收费过高), but he didn’t do a good repair job either.Y our losses in trade this year are nothing （与我的想比）On average, it is said, visitors spend only （一半的钱）in a day in Leeds as in London.By contrast, American mothers were more likely （把孩子的成功归因于）natural talent.解题技巧1)首先，确定关键词(一般由两个词或词组组成)，寻找可能的英文相应表达；2)然后，利用相应的语法结构或功能连接方式(connectives)将两个英文词或词组连接起来；3)最后，结合待翻译的文字在句子中所处的位置与功能，根据句法结构理顺语言。
四年级英语虚拟语气运用超级高级练习题30题(带答案)1. If I ____ a magician, I would make all the toys come alive.A. amB. wasC. wereD. be答案：C。
解析：在虚拟语气中，对于与现在事实相反的假设，be动词要用were，这里表示如果我是一个魔术师，实际我不是，这是一种假设情况。
2. If she ____ a flower, she could smell very sweet.A. isB. wasC. wereD. are答案：C。
解析：这是与现在事实相反的虚拟语气，主语是she，在这种情况下be动词要用were，表示假设她是一朵花，实际上不是。
3. If he ____ a fish, he might swim in the ocean all day.A. isB. wasC. wereD. be答案：C。
解析：这是典型的虚拟语气用法，与现在事实相反，主语是he时，be动词用were，表示假设他是一条鱼，实际并非如此。
4. If we ____ birds, we would fly to the moon.A. areB. wasC. wereD. be答案：C。
解析：对于与现在事实相反的假设，当主语是we时，be动词用were，这里假设我们是鸟，实际不是。
5. If my sister ____ a star, she would shine brightly in the sky.A. isB. wasC. wereD. be答案：C。
解析：这是虚拟语气，与现在事实相反，主语是my sister，be动词要用were，表示假设我妹妹是一颗星，实际不是。
6. If the cat ____ a person, it could talk to us.A. isB. wasC. wereD. be答案：C。
大学英语四级考试翻译题型讲解(一1. Female students constitute the majority of our class. .(相比之下,他们班全由男生组成2.As our time was running out, we drove even faster (希望能够准时赶到机场.3.(这些问题连续不断地出现suggests that our plan should be adjusted.4.In his recently written autobiography, (他把自己的成功归功于父母的鼓励.5.(我们现在必须唤醒人们认识到环保的重要性,or it would be too late.6.If he had known this would happen, (他当初也许会以不同方式行事.7.(只要你一直努力工作,you will recall your past with satisfaction.8.Every mother is proud of her child and (父亲也一样.9.No one knows exactly (信息高速路的发展将把我们带往何处.10.(他刚到家when it started raining.1.【答案】By contrast, their class is made up of male students only.或By contrast, only male students constitute their class.【解析】本题的主要考点在于固定搭配。
表达“相比”或“与……相对”之意可用词组by contrast,而“组成”之意可使用前文提到的动词constitute也可使用词组be made up of。
2.【答案】in hopes that we could arrive at the airport on time或in hopes that we could reach the airport on time又或in hopes that we could make it to the airport on time【解析】本题的主要考点在于固定搭配。
英语专四真题汇总之虚拟语气Ⅰ.2004年54.＿＿if I had arrived yesterday without letting you know beforehand?A．Would you be surprised B. Were you surprisedC. Had you been surprisedD. would you have been surprised[A] 译文：如果昨天没有通知你我就来了，你会觉得奇怪吗？虚拟语气题。
从句表示与过去的事实相反的情况，但主语中含有未来发生的意思，而且是问对方现场的感受，所以动词形式应与表示现在的时间一致，故选A。
56.It is imperative that students ＿＿their term papers on time.A. hand inB. would hand inC. have to hand inD. handed in[A] 译文：学生必须按时上交他们的学期论文。
句中单词imperative是虚拟语气的一个标志，后面的主语从句中的谓语应该用should加动词原形或者直接用动词原形，故A正确。
Ⅱ.2005年51.If you explained the situation to your solicitor , he ＿＿able to adviseyou much better than I can.A. would beB. will have beenC. wasD. were[A]译文：如果你把情况说给你的律师，他的建议会比我给你的建议更好。
根据句意，从句用的是过去时态，主句要用过去将来时态，故A正确。
63.＿＿you ＿＿further problems with your printer, contact your dealer foradvice.A. If , hadB. Have, hadC. Should, haveD. In case, had[C]译文：如果你的打印机再有问题，请联系经销商获取建议。
高中语法项目------虚拟语气Subjunctive Mood 一：分类1在英语中有三种语气，陈述语气，祈使语气和虚拟语气2 虚拟语气表示说话的人的一种愿望、意见、命令、要求，有时候是一种非真实的假设、料想或者是不可能实现的与事实相反的愿望。
二、形式虚拟语气经常用在if引导的条件状语从句中，在条件句中做出和事实不相符的一种假设。
a.和现在事实相反的假设If从句主句主语+动词过去式+其它(be动词用were) 主语+would/should/could/might+动词原形+其它如：If I were you, I would study hard. If he had enough money, he would buy a computer.b.和过去事实相反的假设If从句主句主语+had done+其它主语+had been done+其它主语+would/should/could/might +have done主语+would/should/could/might +have been done(被动)如：If you had come five minutes earlier, you would have met him.If they had been treated in time, they would not have died.c.和将来事实相反的假设If从句主句主语+were to do+其它主语+动词过去式+其它主语+should+动词原形+其它主语+would/should/could/might+动词原形如：If I were to do it, I would do it in another day.If it rained tomorrow, we wouldn’t be able to go on picnic.d.混合条件句混合条件句是指条件句是对过去事实相反的假设，而主句则表示现在的某种情况。
If从句主句主语+had done+其它主语+would/should/could/ might +be+表语主语+would/should/could/might +be+doing 主语+would/should/could/might+动词原形三、注意事项①如果从句中有were、had或者should时，则可以省略if，并将were、had或者should提前至句首，构成部分倒装，但如果是否定句，则否定词not不提前。
如：Were I to be young again, I would study medicine.=If I were to be young again, I would study medicine.Had you not left so early, you might have missed the train.=If you had not left so early, you might have missed the train.②用介词短语代替条件状语从句，常用的介词有with, without, but for.如：Without your help, we couldn’t have finished the work ahead of time.=But for your help, we couldn’t have finished the work ahead of time.=If it had not been for your help, we couldn’t have finished the work ahead of time.=Had it not been for your help, we couldn’t have finished the work ahead of time.③在句中出现了表示转折的连词，如or, or else, otherwise等，如果句意和事实不符也要用虚拟语气。
如：You did what you were asked to, otherwise you would have been punished.④如果句子中有短语for fear that, lest, in case时，要用should+动词原形来表示虚拟，should可以省略。
如：He is working hard for fear that he fail.⑤如果句子前半部分是虚拟，句中出现了but，后面句子则不用虚拟语气。
如:I would have come earlier, but I didn’t know that you were waiting for me.The house would have been burnt down but the firefighters arrived in time.四、虚拟语气在名词性从句中的应用1.虚拟语气用在宾语从句中a.虚拟语气用在宾语从句中，不表示“和事实相反的假设”而表示说话者的一种意愿、决心、要求、命令和建议。
“一、二、三、四”“一坚持insist二命令order, command三建议advise, suggest, propose四要求ask, require, request, dem and”虚拟形式“在从句谓语动词前加should，should可以省略。
My teacher suggested that I (should) spend more time learning English.She suggested we (should)leave here at once.The doctor ordered she should be operated.注意：当suggest翻译成“暗示、表明”；insist翻译成“坚持认为、坚持说”，坚持的是一种事实，而不是表示一种命令或者要求时，不应该用虚拟语气，应该用陈述语气。
The smile on her face suggested that he was satisfied with our work.The man insisted that he had never stolen the monry.b.在would rather后的宾语从句中也要用虚拟语气。
对现在、将来虚拟：一般过去时(did/be用were)would rather对过去的虚拟：过去完成时(had done0I would rather you came tomorrow.I would rather they didn’t hear of the news.c. wish + 宾语从句表示不能实现的愿望，译为“要是……就好了”等。
表示现在不能实现的愿望，从句中的谓语动词用一般过去时；表示将来不能实现的愿望，从句中的谓语动词用“would/could + 动词原形”；表示过去不能实现的愿望，从句中的谓语动词用“had + 过去分词”或“could(should) + have + 过去分词”。
对现在虚拟一般过去时(did/be用were)对过去虚拟过去完成时(had done)对将来虚拟过去将来时(would do)I wish I were a flying bird and could fly freely in the sky.I wish I had met that film star yesterday.How I wish it would be fine tomorrow!注意：how I wish…=if only(要是……就好了)，虚拟和wish虚拟用法一致。
2.虚拟语气用在主语从句中a. It is/was +adj.+ that+主语+should do (should可以省略)adj:advisable,amazing,astonishing,better,clear,certain,desirable,good,interesting,impo-ssible, normal,necessary,possible…It is natural that he (should) think so.It was necessary that the plan should be planned carefully.b. It is/ was+ n.+ that+主语+should do(should可以省略)①表示“惊奇、怀疑、遗憾”等意义的名词词组，如: a fact, a good thing, a pity, a shame, a wonder …②表示“请求、命令、建议、决心”等意义的名词，如advice, demand, decision, order, proposal, requirement, suggestion …It is a pity she should say so.It was her order that the matter should be discussed.③It is/was+过去分词+that+主语+should do(should可以省略)用在该句型中的动词过去分词表示“请求、命令、建议”等。
It is requested that Miss Li should give a performance at the party.④It is (high) time that+主语+did/should do，should不可以省略到做……的时间了。
It’s time that I picked up my daughter.It’s high time we were going.3.虚拟语气用在表语从句中用在advise, idea, order, plan, suggestion, demand, proposal等后面的表语从句，需用“should do”构成谓语，should可以省略。
What I suggest is that we should start the work at once.His order is that the meeting should be called off.4.虚拟语气用在同位语从句中当demand, insist, decide, determine, recommend, suggest这些动词的名词形式后跟同位语从句时，要用虚拟语气，用should do表示虚拟。
Not all of them agreed to my suggestion that more money should be given to them.His request that he should be given a rise was turned down at the meeting.5.虚拟语气用在目的状语从句中，in order that, so that…用情态动词I got up early this morning so that I could catch the bus to Boston.6.在as if, as though引导的方式状语从句中a. as if, as though引导的状语从句是否用虚拟取决于从句所描绘的情况，如果情况与事实相符就可以不用虚拟，否则就要用虚拟语气。
