考研英语之语法练习题(含详细题释)
定语从句练习题
1. The settlers were unprepared for the long and patient toil ____ the soil would be made to yield crops.
[A] by which alone
[B] so that [C] because
[D] though
2. Most electronic devices of this kind, ____manufactured for such purposes, are tightly packed.
[A] that are [B] as are [C] which is
[D] it is
3. The commentator must know the value of silence and how to use it at those moments ____ the pictures speak for themselves.
[A] if [B] when [C] which [D] as
4. Children are likely to have less supervision at home ____ was common in the traditional family structure.
[A] than
[B] that
[C] which [D] as
5. The Social Security Retirement Program is made up of two trust funds, ____ could go penniless by next year.
[A] the larger one [B] the larger of which
[D] the largest of which
[C] the largest one
6. Living in the central Australian desert has its problems, ____ obtaining water is not the least.
[A] of which
[B] for what
[C] as
[D] whose
7. There ought to be less anxiety over the perceived risk of getting cancer than ____ in the public mind today.
[A] exists [B] exist [C] existing
[D] existed
8. The professor can hardly find sufficient grounds ____ his argument in favor of the new theory.
[A] which to base on [B] on which to base
[D] which to be based on
[C] to base on which
9. ____ is generally accepted, economical growth is determined by the smooth development of production.
[A] What [B] That
[C] It
[D] As
10. No one would have time to read or listen to an account of everything ____ going on in the world.
[A] it is
[B] as is
[C] there is
[D] what is
11. I've kept up a friendship with a girl whom I was at school ____ twenty years ago.
[A] about [B] since [C] till
[D] with
12. He studied hard at school when he was young, ____ contributes to his success in later life.
[A] which [B] therefore
[C] who
[D] so that
13. The minister was the person ____.
[A] in whose honor the state dinner was given [B] whom the state dinner was given in honor
[D] whose honor the state dinner was given
[C] for him the state dinner was given honor
14. This is an exciting area of study, and one ____ which new applications are being discovered almost daily.
[A] from [B] by
[C] in
[D] through
15. ____ can be seen from the comparison of these figures, the principle involves the active participation of the 20
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考研英语之语法练习题(含详细题释)
patient in the modification of his condition.
[A] As
[B] What [C] That
[D] It
16. He had more dictionaries than ____ for his work.
[A] they are needed [B] were necessary
[D] necessary were they
[C] it was needed
17. These proposals sought to place greater restrictions on the use and copying of digital information than ____ in traditional media.
[A] exist [B] exists [C] existing
[D] to exist
18. When the work is well done, a climate of accident-free operations is established ____ time lost due to injuries is kept at a minimum.
[A] where [B] how
[C] what [D] unless
19. ____ Edward Blotkowsk, director of community service at Bentley College in Massachusetts, puts it, “There has to be coordination of programs. What's need is a package deal.”
[A] So
[B] Since [C] As
[D] Thus
20. The Great Wall is the place ____ almost all tourists would like to visit when they come to Beijing.
[A] where [B] which [C] of which
[D] in which
名词从句练习题
21. In actual fact he is quite ignorant on the subject. ____ he knows about it is out of date and inaccurate.
[A] What little [B] So much
[C] How much [D] So little
22. Prof. Lee's book will show you ____ can be used in other contexts.
[A] that you have observed [B] that how you have observed
[D] how what you have observed
[C] how that you have observed
23. I will give this dictionary to ____ wants to have it.
[A] whomever [B] someone
[C] whoever
[D] anyone
24. They lost their way in the forest, and ____ made matters worse was that night began to fall.
[A] that
[B] it
[C] what [D] which
25. Although ____ happened in that developed country sounds like science fiction, it could occur elsewhere in the world.
[A] which [B] what [C] how
[D] it
26. ____ is no reason for discharging her.
[A] Because she was a few minutes late [B] Owing to a few minutes being late
[D] Being a few minutes late
[C] The fact that she was a few minutes late
27. Concerns were raised ____ witnesses might be encouraged to exaggerate their stories in court to ensure guilty verdicts.
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考研英语之语法练习题(含详细题释)
[A] what [B] when [C] which [D] that
28. ____our team seems to lack at the moment is the determination ____ it will win.
[A] Whatever; that [B] What; that
[D] Whether; that
[C] That; whether
29. It's doubtful ____ the government of that country can accept them as permanent residents.
[A] whether
[B] that
[C] how
[D] what
30. You may rely on ____ everything will be ready by Monday.
[A] that
[B] what [C] which [D] it that
状语从句练习题
31. Conversation becomes weaker in a society that spends so much time listening and being talked to ____ it has
all but lost the will and the skill to speak for itself.
[A] as
[B] which [C] that
[D] what
32. Give me your telephone number ____ I need your help.
[A] whether
[B] unless [C] so that [D] in case
33. ____ born in Chicago, the author is most famous for his stories about New York city.
[A] Although
[B] Since [C] As
[D] When
34. All these conditions tend to increase the probability of a child committing a criminal act, ____ a direct causal relationship has not yet been establishment.
[A] provided
[B] since [C] although
[D] supposing
35. We are extremely sensitive to smells, ____ we do not generally realize it.
[A] even if
[B] if only [C] only if [D] as if
36. Hydrogen is the fundamental element of the universe ____ it provides the building blocks from which the other elements are produced.
[A] so that [B] but that [C] in that [D] provided that
37. The senior librarian at the circulation desk promised to get the book for me ____ she could remember who last borrowed it.
[A] ever since
[B] much as
[C] even though [D] if only
38. ____industrial giants like General Motors and IBM struggle to survive by reducing the number of employees, Manpower is booming.
[A] For
[B] Because
[C] As
[D] Since
39. ____ its economy continues to recover, the US is increasingly becoming a nation of part timers and temporary workers.
[A] Even though
[B] Now that
[C] If only [D] Provided that
40. Doing your homework is a sure way to improve your test scores, and this is especially true ____ it comes to 20
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(含详细题释考研英语之语法练习题classroom tests.
[D] when
[C] since [A] before [B] as
41. There are over 100 night schools in the city, making it possible for a professional to be re-educated no matter ____ he does.
[D] when
[C] what [A] how
[B] where
you don't mind taking the night train. 42. You can arrive in Beijing earlier for the meeting ____
[D] until
[C] though
[A] provided
[B] unless
43. The engineers are going through with their highway project, ____ the expenses have risen.
[D] as though
[C] now that
[A] even though [B] just because
ll have to be very careful. 44. It is ____ that we'[D] such a big work
[C] such a big job
[A] a so big work
[B] a so big job
ve found, you must give it back to the person it belongs to. 45. ____ it is you'[D] However
[B] Because
[C] Whatever [A] That
46. She can hardly avoid making mistakes in her homework ____ hard she tries.
[D] however
[C] how
[A] for
[B] as
47. ____ we have finished the course, we shall start doing more revision work.
[D] By now
[B] Since that
[C] Now that
[A] For now
48. ____the figure may vary, analysts do agree on another matter.
[D] Except that
[B] Although
[C] Provided
[A] Now that
49. On a raining day I was driving north through Vermont ____ I noticed a young man holding up a sign reading “Boston”.
[D] that
[C] when [B] where [A] which
50. The draft bill will strictly control the amount of publicity that can be given to a case ____ a trial begins.
[D] as
[C] before [B] if
[A] since
challenges, and emotional of whole host new intellectual to 51. ____they are adjusting their new bodies and a teenagers are especially self-conscious.
[D] Because
[C] Whereas
[A] If [B] Although
52. A variety of activities should be organized ____ participants can remain active as long as they want.
[D] even if
[B] now that
[C] so that [A] if only
53. The phenomenon provides a way for companies to remain globally competitive ____ avoiding market cycles.
[D] whereas
[C] and
[B] while [A] but
倒装、强调和省略结构练习题1. ____ will Bill be able to impress his boss.
[B] By hard work
[A] With hard work
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考研英语之语法练习题(含详细题释)
[C] Only with hard work
[D] Through hard work
2. Only when you have acquired a good knowledge of grammar ____ write correctly.
[A] you will
[B] you can
[C] can you
[D] can't you
3. Humble ____ it may be, there's no place like home, where he may go.
[A] although
[B] as
[C] how
[D] which
4. There is a real possibility that these animals could be frightened, ____ a sudden loud noise.
[A] being there [B] should there be
[D] there having been
[C] there was
5. The business of each day, ____ sellin goods or shipping them, went quite smoothly.
[A] it being
[B] be it
[C] was it [D] it was
6. The millions of calculations involved, had they been done by hand, ____ all practical value by the time they were finished.
[A] could lose
[B] would have lost
[D] ought to have lost
[C] might lose
7. Just as the soil is a part of the earth, ____ the atmosphere.
[A] as it is [B] the same as [C] so is
[D] and so is
8. ____ do we go for picnic.
[A] Certainly
[B] Sometimes [C] Seldom [D] Once
9. Vitamins do not provide energy, ____ do they construct or build any part of the body.
[A] either [B] so
[C] nor
[D] never
10. ____ for the timely investment from the general public, our company would not be so thriving as it is.
[A] Had it not been [B] Were it not
[D] Should it not be
[C] Be it not
11. Only when you have obtained sufficient data ____ come to a sound conclusion.
[A] can you
[B] would you [C] you will
[D] you can
12. Wood does not conduct electricity; ____.
[A] so doesn't rubber [B] also doesn't rubber
[D] nor rubber does
[C] nor does rubber
l3. So involved with their computers ____ that leaders at summer computer camps often have to force them to break for sports and games.
[A] became the children
[B] become the children
[D] do the children become
[C] had the children become
14. Church, as we use the word, refers to all religious institutions, ____ they Christian, Islamic, Buddhist, Jewish, and so on.
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考研英语之语法练习题(含详细题释)
考研英语语法练习题【附答案详解】 1. —How did you get in touch with the travel agent, Robin? —Oh, that’s easy. I surfed the Internet and then called one ________ the telephone number is provided. A. which B. in which C. of which D. whose 2. October 15th is my birthday, ________ I will never forget. A. when B. that C. what D. which 3. The treatment will continue until the patient reaches the point ________ he can walk correctly and safely. A. when B. where C. which D. whose 4. There are several research centers in China ________ a certain disease called Bird Flu is being studied. A. which B. where C. when D. what 5. I hope that the little ________ I have been able to do does good to them all. A. which B. what C. that D. when 6. The time is not far away ________ modern communications will become widespread in China’s vast countryside. A. as B. when C. until D. before 7. ________ is known to everybody, Taiwan is a part of China. We must unify it.
英语语法大全 初中英语语法学习提纲 一、词类、句子成分和构词法： 1、词类：英语词类分十种： 名词、形容词、代词、数词、冠词、动词、副词、介词、连词、感叹词。 1、名词(n.)：表示人、事物、地点或抽象概念的名称。如：boy, morning, bag, ball, class, orange. 2、代词(pron.)：主要用来代替名词。如：who, she, you, it . 3、形容词(adj..)：表示人或事物的性质或特征。如：good, right, white, orange . 4、数词(num.)：表示数目或事物的顺序。如：one, two, three, first, second, third, fourth. 5、动词(v.)：表示动作或状态。如：am, is,are,have,see . 6、副词(adv.)：修饰动词、形容词或其他副词,说明时间、地点、程度等如：now, very, here, often, quietly, slowly. 7、冠词(art..)：用在名词前,帮助说明名词。如：a, an, the. 8、介词(prep.)：表示它后面的名词或代词与其他句子成分的关系。如in, on, from, above, behind. 9、连词(conj.)：用来连接词、短语或句子。如and, but, before .
10、感叹词(interj..)表示喜、怒、哀、乐等感情。如：oh, well, hi, hello. 2、句子成分：英语句子成分分为七种：主语、谓语、宾语、定语、状语、表语、宾语补足语。 1、主语是句子所要说的人或事物,回答是“谁”或者“什么”。通常用名词或代词担任。如：I’m Miss Green.(我是格林小姐) 2、谓语动词说明主语的动作或状态,回答“做(什么)”。主要由动词担任。如：Jack cleans the room every day. (杰克每天打扫房间) 3、表语在系动词之后,说明主语的身份或特征,回答是“什么”或者“怎么样”。通常由名词、代词或形容词担任。如：My name is Ping ping .(我的名字叫萍萍) 4、宾语表示及物动词的对象或结果,回答做的是“什么”。通常由名词或代词担任。 如：He can spell the word.(他能拼这个词) 有些及物动词带有两个宾语,一个指物,一个指人。指物的叫直接宾语,指人的叫间接宾语。间接宾语一般放在直接宾语的前面。如：He wrote me a letter . (他给我写了一封信) 有时可把介词to或for加在间接宾语前构成短语,放在直接宾语后面,来强调间接宾语。如：He wrote a letter to me . (他给我写了一封信) 5、定语修饰名词或代词,通常由形容词、代词、数词等担任。如： Shanghai is a big city .(上海是个大城市)
2017年考研英语重点语法解析 2017考研英语语法重难点精解(真题) 一般将来时(Simple Future Tense) 一般将来时表示将来的动作或状态，其形式和用法如下所述。 1. will/shall+动词，表示单纯的将来含义。 例句：Some day software will translate both written and spoken language so well that the need for any common second language could decline. (2001年第23题) 分析：该句是复合句。written and spoken作定语修饰language;that后是一结果状语从句。 译文：有朝一日，软件既能用来做文字翻译又能做口头翻译，而且能翻译得很好，以至于对任何通用的第二语言的需求都会下降。 例句：Hilton is building its own hotel there, which you may be sure will be decorated with Hamlet Hamburger Bars, the Lear Lounge, the Banquo Banqueting Room, and so forth and will be very expensive. (选自2006年Text 2) 分析：该句是复合句。which引导的定语从句修饰its own hotel;从句中you may be sure 是插入语，从句的主干部分为which will be decorated with...and will be very expensive。 译文：希尔顿正在那儿建立自己的酒店，你或许可以肯定它将配有(以莎士比亚剧中人物的名字命名的)哈姆雷特汉堡包店、李尔王休息室、班柯宴会包间等，而且价格非常昂贵。 2. be going to+动词，表示按计划或打算在最近的将来做某事，也可表示对未来的预测。 例句：As long as poor people, who in general are colored, are in conflict with richer people who in general are lighter skinned, there is going to be a constant racial conflict in the world. (1999年第18题) 分析：该句是复合句。定语从句who in general are colored和who in general are lighter skinned分别修饰poor people以及richer people;从句的主干部分为poor people are in conflict with richer people。 译文：一般来说，只要穷人与富人(也就是一般的有色人种和白色人种)之间有冲突，那么这个世界上的种族冲突就不会停止。 例句：Clearly, only the biggest and most flexible television companies are going to be able to compete in such a rich and hotly?contested market. (选自2005年Part C) 分析：该句是简单句。 译文：显然，只有规模最大、应变能力最强的电视传媒集团才能够在这个精彩纷呈而又竞争激烈的市场中生存。 3. be to+动词，表示按计划或安排将要发生的动作或要求别人去做的事，常用来表示官方的命令、决定、禁止、许可等。 例句：If Gilbert and the Philharmonic are to succeed，they must first change the relationship between America?s oldest orchestra and the new audience it hopes to attract. (选自2011年Text 4) 分析：该句是复合句。其中，在主句中，定语从句it hopes to attract修饰audience。 译文：如果吉尔伯特和纽约爱乐乐团想获得成功，他们首先必须改变美国最古老的交响乐团和其想要吸引的新一批观众间的关系。 例句：But his primary task is not to think about the moral code, which governs his activity, any more than a businessman is expected to dedicate his energies to an exploration of rules of
考研英语十二大基础语法体系 对于任何英语句子，要分析其结构，这样才能找到英语语言的规律。每种语言都有它的难点，汉语的难点在于汉语不是拼读语言，汉字很难写，而且有四种声调。其实，许多接触过多种外语的人都认为，英语的语法比法语、德语、俄语、日语等都简单，是最容易学的。著名语言学家乔姆斯基说过，语法是内生的、也就是随着语言的诞生而诞生的。因此，学习语法和学习语言是相辅相成的。 一、英语动词的时态 （一）英汉两种语言在时态表达方式上的差异： 英语的词类与汉语的不同。汉语词类形态稳定，比如“书”这个字，“一本书”、“三本书”都一样，没有词形变化。英语就不同了，book, books仅从词形上就能知道是单数还是复数。 动词是英语中变化最多、最复杂的词类。有人说，学好英语就是学好动词，此言甚是。同一个动作或状态分别在不同时间发生或存在，表达这个动作或状态的动词就要用不同的形式，这就是时态。 （二）英语动词的形式： 英语的时态是通过动词的变化来体现的。因此，了解动词的形式及其变化规律非常重要。英语的实义动词有以下五种形式： (1)动词原形：动词原形在句子中形式不变。主要用于主语为非第三人称单数的一般现在时，情态动词之后， 或根据语法规定必须用动词原形的其他情况。 (2) 一般现在时第三人称单数形式（简称现单三）：主要用于主语为第三人称单数的一般现在时。 (3) 过去式：主要用于一般过去时。 (4) 现在分词：主要用于进行时态，或语法规定的其他情况。 (5) 过去分词：主要用于完成时态，或语法规定的其他情况。 动词一般现在时第三人称单数（现单三）的构成，见下表：
即某些字母组合的不规则动词有一定的规律。如：weep→wept, sleep→slept, sweep→swept 以上每个时间段中分别有四种状态：一般、进行、完成和完成进行。因此我们便有了四四一十六个时态。 态（一般、进行、完成、完成进行）。 比如在“They are doing their exercises.”这个句子中，动词由原形do 变成are doing 的形态，说明这个事情是发生在现在、并处于正在进行的状态当中，所以叫现在进行时； 在“They have done their exercises.”这句中，动词由原形do 变成have done的形态，说明这个事情是发生在现在、并处于完成的状态，所以叫现在完成时； 在“They always do their exercises.”中，动词用原形do 的形态，说明这个事情是发生在现在、并且是一般情况下永远如此，所以叫一般现在时。 在这三句话中，动词do 虽然用了不同的形态，其意义没有变化，而是事情发生的时间和状态变了。其余类推。 （三）时态详解 16个时态中，常用的有12个：一般现在时、一般过去时、一般将来时、过去将来时、现在进行时、过去进行时、将来进行时、现在完成时、过去完成时、将来完成时、现在完成进行时和过去完成进行时。其他时态很少单独使用。 下面把各种时态的构成和用法做一个全面的介绍。
考研英语语法总结
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一、虚拟语气在状语从句中的运用 虚拟语气在状语从句中的运用除了可以表示条件外，还可以表示比较、结果、目的等。虚拟语气用于表示条件的状语从句中,一般称为虚拟条件句。根据时间的不同，虚拟条件句中谓语动词时态的变化可能有三种形式，即现在、过去和将来。 Ｉf ｉt ｄiｄ, ｉｔ would open uｐｉts dｉversity program, ｎoｗ focus ｅd naｒｒｏwlｙ oｎｒacｅ anｄ genｄer, aｎd ｌｏｏk fｏr ｒeporters ｗho ｄiffｅr broadly by outlｏok, vａlues, education, ａnd class.(2０0１年ＴEXT1) 这是一个含有条件状语从句的复合句。Iｆｉt did是条件状语从句。主句中主语是it;谓语动词有两个,分别是would ｏpｅn uｐ..．和lｏｏk fｏｒ．..。 这是一个与现在事实相反的虚拟语气，从句用一般过去时，主句用would+动词原形open up和look for。 参考译文：如果它能注意这个问题的话，它就会拓展其雇员多样化项目,而目前的项目只单纯考虑招收不同种族和性别的员工,去雇佣那些在世界观、价值观、教育背景及社会阶层方面各不相同的记者。 二、虚拟语气在名词性从句中的运用 虚拟语气除了用作状语从句中外，还可以用作主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句、同位语从句等名词性从中。 第一，虚拟语气在主语从句中的运用 当it作形式主语，后面用形容词作表语，即在it iｓ + adj.这样的句型中,当描述主语的表语形容词是aｄviｓable，critｉcal,cruciａｌ，deｓirabｌe，ｅssenｔｉaｌ,impe ｒａｔive，important，ｉncrediblｅ,ineｖiｔabｌe,ｎｅcｅｓsaｒy，recommｅnd，ｓｔraｎｇe,uｒgenｔ等形容词时,主语从句的谓语动词多用虚拟语气，如果是现在时,谓语动词用ｓhoｕld／wouｌd +动词原形(ｓhould／woｕld经常省略);如果是过去时，则用sho ｕld/wｏuld + hａvｅ dｏｎe的形式。 Ｉｔwas inevｉｔａblｅｔhat tｈiｓprｉmacy shoulｄ have naｒroweｄ as ｏｔher ｃoｕntries greｗ riｃher. Jｕsｔａｓ inevitabｌy，the retreat from ｐｒedoｍinanｃe proved pａinfｕl．
高中英语语法知识点总结 一、定语从句与强调句陷阱题详解 1、The factory was built in a secret place, around _________ high mountains、 A、 which was B、 it was C、 which were D、 them were 【陷阱】 容易误选A或B，将 A、B中的 which 和 it 误认为是其后句子的主语。 【分析】 最佳答案是C，around which were high mountains 是一个由“介词+which”引出的非限制性定语从句，而在该从句中，主语是 high mountains，around which 是表语，所以句子谓语应用复数were，而不是用单数 was。请做以下类例题目（答案均为C）：(1) Yesterday we visited a modern hospital, around _________ some fruit shops、 A、 which is B、 it is
C、 which are D、 them are(2) The murder happened in an old building, beside _________ the city police station、 A、 which are B、 it is C、 which is D、 them are(3) Next month we’ll move to a new building, next to _________ a nice restaurants where we can have Chinese food、 A、 which are B、 it is C、 which is D、 them are 2、 A man with a bleeding hand hurried in and asked, “Is there a hospital around _________ I can get some medicine for my wounded hand?” A、 that B、 which C、 where D、 what
英语语法总结全集 名词和主谓一致 一、名词的分类 英语中名词主要可以分为可数名词和不可数名词。 1．可数名词 可数名词一般都有单复数。单数时，名词前可加不定冠词a/an；复数时，前面可加数词，名词本身要改成复数形式。 可数名词的复数有规则和不规则两种变化。规则的名词，只要在单数名词之后加“s”，“es”或去“y”加“ies”就行，如：an umbrella, twelve umbrellas；a factory, three factories。不规则的名词变化则要靠积累记忆，如：a mouse, ten mice；a policeman, six policemen。 有少数可数名词，如sheep，works（工厂），Chinese等，它们的单复数同形：a sheep, four sheep；a chemical works, five chemical works。 此外，还有一些可数名词只有复数形式，如clothes，trousers，cattle，police，people(人，人民)等。 英语名词中还有一些合成词，它们的复数形式有三种可能：1）后面的部分变成复数形式：grown-ups，boy students，grandchildren。2）前面的部分变成复数形式：passers-by，lookers-on，sons-in-law。3）前、后都变成复数形式：men doctors，women drivers。 2．不可数名词 不可数名词没有单复数的变化，前面也不能加a/an，或数词。但是我们可以用量词来表示不可数名词的数量，单复数表现在量词上，如：a piece of paper；two pieces of paper。 在有些情况下，不可数名词也可用a/an，表“一种”、“某种”的意思，如have a wonderful time，receive a good education，be made into a fine paper。 有时为了表示量大，不可数名词的后面也可加“s”，如sands，ashes，waters等。 但是我们在学习不可数名词的时候，特别要记住英语中有一些名词，它们无论在什么情况下，前面都不能用a/an，后面也不可加“s”，如weather，information，等。 3．有的名词既可是可数名词，也可是不可数名词 英语中有相当一部分的名词，既可以是可数，也可以是不可数，它们的意义有时略有不同，有时则完全不同。如：difficulty, success, time, work，paper，glass，等。 4．用于表示可数与不可数名词的数量“多”“少”的常用词和词组 跟可数名词连用的如：few, a few, many。 跟不可数名词连用的如：little, a little, much。 可数与不可数都能用的是：a lot of , plenty of。 二、主谓一致 1．通常被看作单数的主语部分 1）不定式、动名词和主语从句。 eg.. To see is to believe. Seeing is believing. What he said was different from what he did. 2）表示“时间”“距离”“金钱数量”的名词。 eg. Twenty years is quite a long time. 10 kilometers doesn’t seem to be a long distance to Mira. 300 dollars is too much for this old coin. 3）数学式子。 eg. Two plus five is seven. 4）书报杂志、国家、单位的名字。 eg. The Times is published daily. The United States is a big country. 5）前面用a kind of, a sort of或this kind of, this sort of等词组的名词。 eg. This kind of tree(s) often grows well in warm weather. 6）代词either, neither作主语。
考研英语语法虚拟语气解析（一） 虚拟语气是谓语动词的一种形式，用来表示假设，或用来表示命令、建议以及说话人的主 观愿望，有时也可以使语气缓和、委婉。虚拟语气作为一重点语法，在各类考试中占有相当 大的分值，所以理解该语法，不管对于考试，还是在日常应用中都有相当大的作用，本节将 就考试重点作详细讲解。 一、虚拟语气的用法 常用于条件句中，表示与现在、将来、过去相反的假设，表示与现在、将来、过去相反假设时，主句与从句谓语动词的变化形式，现以动词do为例说明。 主句从句现在would/should/could/might + do be 宀were/do 宀did 将来 would/should/could/might + do were to + do/should + do （只能用should）过去 would/should/could/have done had done注：有些语法书中在"与将来相反假设”的条件从句中也有do i did，这样就和“与现在相反假设”的主句、从句完全相似，其主要区别在于各自的时间状语上，另外如果在“与将来相反假设”的条件从句中出现should+ do，那么主句 中就避免使用should+do，可以用would/could/might+do。 例句：If you were to exam ine the birth certificates of every soccer player in 2006 s World Cup tour name nt, you would most likely find a no teworthy quirk. （选自2007 年Text 1） 分析：该句是复合句。 译文：假如你去调查2006年世界杯上每位足球运动员的出生证明，你很可能会发现一 个值得注意的现象。 例句：If that happe ned, passi on ate con sumers would try to persuade others to boycott products, putting the reputation of the target company at risk.（选自2011 年Text 3）分析：该句是复合句，表示与现在相反的假设。其中，分词短语putting the reputation of the target company at risk在句中作状语，表示结果。 译文：这种情况一旦发生，充满激情的消费者会尽力说服他人抵制产品，从而使目标企业的声誉处于危 险境地。 例句：Everything here would have been destroyed utterly , if his wife hadn t called the fire brigade. 分析：该句是复合句。 译文：要不是他的妻子给消防队打电话，这里的一切就被彻底地破坏了。 二、混合式虚拟语气 有时条件从句和主句时态不一致，可以根据主句、从句动作发生的时间分别运用相应的 虚拟语气。 例句：He would be studying at the university now if he had passed the entrance exam in ati on.
六年级语法总复习 亠、词汇 （一）一般过去时态 一般过去时态表示在过去的某个时间发生的动作或存在的状态，常和表示过去的时间状语连用。例如 yesterday, last weeke nd ,last Saturday , 等连用。基本句型：主语+动词的过去式+其他。例句---------- What did you do last weekend? 你上周做什么了？ ---- I played football last weeke nd. 我踢足球了。 ★规则动词过去式的构成 1. 一般在动词原形末尾加-ed。例如：play —played 2. 词尾是e的动词直接加-d。例如：dance —da need 3. 末尾只有一个辅音字母的重读闭音节词，先双写这个辅音字母，再加-ed。例如stop （停止）--stopped 4. 结尾是“辅音字母+y ”的动词，变“ y”为“ i”，再加-ed，例如：study-studied ★ 一些不规则变化的动词过去式 am/is —was are —were go -—went swim -— swam fly —flew do —did have —had say —-said see—sawtake —took come —came become —became get—got draw —drew hurt — -hurt read —read tell —told will —would eat — ate take —took make —made drink —drank sleep （睡 觉）—slept cut （切）--cut sit（坐）—sat begin（开始）—began th ink —thought find —found run（跑）---ra n buy —bought win -— won give（给）—gave sing —sang leave —left hear （听）--heart wear ——wore （二）一般现在时态 一般现在时态表示包括现在时间在内的一段时间内经常发生的动作或存在的状态，表示习惯性或客观存在 的事实和真理。常与ofte n ,always ,usually ‘sometimes ,every day等连用。基本句型分为两种情况： ?主语（非第三人称）+ 动词原形+ 其他。例句：----What do you usually do on the weeke nd? --------------- I usually do my homework on the weeke nd. ?主语（第三人称）+动词的第三人称单数形式+其他。例句： ---- What does Sarah usually do on the weeke nd? 萨拉通常在周末干什么？ ---- She usually does her homework on the weeke nd. 她通常在周末做她的家庭作业。 ★动词第三人称单数形式的变化规则 1 一般直接在动词词尾加-s.例如：play —plays 2. 以s ,x ,ch,sh 结尾的动词加-es。例如：watch —watches 3. 以辅音字母加y结尾的动词，变y为i，再加es,例如：fly —flies 4. 个别不规则变化动词，需单独记忆，例如：do —does go —goes （三）现在进行时态
考研英语：语法长难句
目录 第一课奋斗的开始-简单句 (3) 一什么是英语句子？ (3) 二英语句子的基本结构 (3) 三句子的成分 (4) 四简单句的考点分析 (6) 第二课难点稍露尖尖角并列句 (9) 一什么是并列句？ (9) 二并列连词及与其同义的逻辑关系词 (9) 三并列句的考点分析 (9)
第一课奋斗的开始-简单句一什么是英语句子？ 英汉句法结构的差异 举例： ?北京机场就要到了。 ?我要去剪头。 二英语句子的基本结构 1.主谓 2.主谓宾 谓语：实义动词 3.主谓表 谓语：系动词 系动词主要分为以下六类： ?be ?感官动词：look, smell, taste, sound, feel ?变化：become, get, turn, grow, fall ?保持：keep, stay, remain, stand ?表象：seem, appear
?终止：prove 4.主谓双宾 5.主谓宾宾补 举例： ?I bought him a dog. ?You should keep the room clean and tidy. ?We made him our monitor. ?His father told him not to play in the street. 三句子的成分 1.谓语 1）谓语的成分： 举例： ?Your mother must very beautiful. 2）动词能不能多？ 举例 ?Laugh at others is my hobby. ?I enjoy see movies. ?My dream is become a rich lady. 练习 ?他穿上外衣，锁上门，离开了家。 ?大熊猫是熊科中最罕见的成员，主要生活在中国西南部的森林里。 ?长江流经不同的生态体系，是诸多濒危物种的栖息地，灌溉了中国五分之一的土地。 ?我爱你，你爱我。 ?冬天来了，春天就不远了。
考研英语语法总结 于考研英语难说，在语法的构造上有其自身的特点，实际上在很大程度上就是对长、难句的理解，所以语法的学习要和长、难句的理解相互结合起来。这样我们才能做到有的放矢，各个击破考研英语中的语法难点，为顺畅解题做好铺垫。 虚拟语气用来表示说话人的主观愿望或假想，而不表示客观存在的事实，所说的是一个条件，不一定是事实，或与事实相反。虚拟语气通过谓语动词的特殊形式来表示。第二点：动词的时态。考研中的虚拟语气一般会出现在阅读理解中。是阅读理解中的一个考点。 Such behavior is regarded as “all too human”，with the underlying assumption that other animals would not be capable of this finely developed sense of grievance. (XX年TEXT1) 这是个含有同位语从句的复合句。that引导的同位语从句的谓语动词由would+动词原形be构成。 参考译文：这样的行为被认为“完全是人类独有的特点”，其潜在的含义是其它动物没有这种敏锐的委屈感。
省略句是英语的一种习惯用法。按照语法的分析，句子应该具备的成分，有时出于修辞上的需要，在句中并不出现，这种句子叫做省略句(elliptical sentences，这种语法现象称为“省略”(ellipsis or leaving words out。其特点是：虽然省去句子语法构造所需要的组成部分，但仍能表达其完整的意义。省略形式多样，从单词、短语到分句，都可以省略，而且各有一定的衔接关系，不容臆断。省略一般出现在翻译中，在翻译的时候，一定要把省略的部分翻译出来，否则会扣分的 Until these issues are resolved, a technology of behavior will continue to be rejected, and with it possibly the only way to solve our problems.(20XX，翻译) 参考译文：如果这些问题得不到解决，研究行为的技术手段就会继续受到排斥，解决问题的唯一方式不能也随之继续受到排斥。 分析：很明显，and with it possibly the only way to solve our problem，是一个省略句，with做状语一般表示伴随，这一个 分句只有一个状语加一个名词结构，构不成一个完整的句子。实际上，与前句相同的成分才会被省略，前一句的谓语部分是：will continue to be rejected. 所以，后一分句补充完整就是：with
考研英语语法重难点精解(6)：副词（一） 副词可修饰动词、形容词、副词、介词短语及整个句子。 例句：Andrew, my father s younger brother, will not be at the picnic, much to the family s disappointment. （1997年第3题） 分析：该句是简单句，其中副词much修饰介词短语to the family s disappointment。 译文：我父亲的弟弟安德鲁不会参加野餐，这令全家人非常失望。 一、副词的分类 1. 时间副词，如now, yesterday, today, ago, then, lately, soon, shortly, immediately, finally, recently, before, tomorrow。 例句: Americans today don t place a very high value on intellect. （选自2004年Text 4）分析：该句是简单句。 译文：现在美国人不重视智力。 2. 地点副词，如here, there, above, below, downstairs, upstairs, home, somewhere, everywhere, elsewhere, down, up, anywhere等。 例句：Here is an example, which I heard at a nurses convention, of a story which works well because the audience all shared the same view of doctors. （选自2002年Text 1）分析：该句是复合句，两个which引导的定语从句分别修饰an example和a story，前 一个which引导的定语从句为非限制性定语从句，起补充说明作用。 译文：比如说，在一次护士大会上，我听到了一个能很好地发挥幽默效果的故事，因为所有的听众都对医生持有相同的看法。 3. 程度副词，如fairly, rather, very, almost, too, quite, enough, so, much。 例句: She had clearly no intention of doing any work, although she was very well paid.（1997年第34题） 分析：该句是复合句，although后面跟的是让步状语从句。 译文：虽然付给她的报酬丰厚，但她无意去工作。 4. 频率副词，如sometimes, often, usually, always, frequently, constantly, rarely, seldom, never, occasionally。 例句：In addition, the designer must usually select furniture or design built in furniture, according to the functions that need to be served. 分析：该句是简单句，其中built in意为“内嵌式的”。在方式状语中，that need to
考研英语语法讲解 二、不定式 1.不定式做主语 （1）做形式主语的代词： 不定式做主语，通常用it充当形式主语，把做主语的不定式短语后置。如： It took me only five minutes to finish the job. To be frank，it is a great relief to have the task fulfilled in so short a time. （2）引导逻辑主语的介词： 不定式的逻辑主语一般由介词for引导，但下列表示人的性格行为特征的形容词做表语时，不定式的逻辑主语则由of引导： absurd，bold，brave，courageous，careful，careless，clever，wise，foolish，silly，stupid，good，nice，kind，thoughtful，considerate，greedy，generous，honest，modest，polite，rude，cruel，selfish，lazy，wicked，wrong.如：Experts say walking is one of the best ways for a person to stay healthy. It''s clever of you to have invented such a device. （3）不定式做主语补足语： 掌握常用不定式做主语补足语的句型。注意不定式表示的动作发生的时间，并采用相应形式。如： said reported thought be to do sth. believed known supposed Byron is said to have lived on vinegar and potatoes. The bank is reported in the local newspaper to have been robbed in broad daylight yesterday. 2.不定式做宾语 （1）必须接不定式做宾语的动词：
英语语法总结 下文总结了十二个要点： 1、主谓一致 2、时态 3、语态 4、非谓语动词 5、情态动词 6、虚拟语气 7、句子种类 8、名词性从句 9、状语从句 10、定语从句 11、强调句 12、倒装句 当然以上并不是全部要点，还有一些比较基础的，比如：祈使句、省略句、名词等知识点比较简单，在平时做题中自然而然就积累下来了，不需要刻意背诵。 一、主谓一致 主谓一致的关键在于，分条记清楚，不要混淆。 1、以动词不定式短语，动名词短语或从句作主语时，谓语动词一般用单数形式； To study English well is not easy.（动词不定式短语作主语） Reading in the sun is bad for your eyes. （动名词短语作主语） What he said is very important for us all. （从句作主语） 2、由连接词and或both…and连接起来的主语后面，要用复数形式的谓语动词。但若所连接的两个词是 指同一个人或物时，它后面的谓语就用单数形式。 The writer and artist has come. 由and 连接的并列单数主语前如果分别有no, each, every 或more than a (an)/one,many a (an) 修饰时，其谓语动词要用单数形式。either, neither, each, every 或no+单数名词和由some, any no, every构成的复合不定代词，都作单数看待。 Every student and every teach is in the classroom. Many a boy and many a girl likes it. No boy and no girl likes it. Each of us has a new book. Is everyone here today? Somebody is speaking in class. Everything around us is matter 若none of 后面的名词是不可数名词，它的谓语动词就要用单数。若它后面的名词是复数，它的谓语动词用单数或复数都可以。 None of the sugar was left. None of us has (have) been to America. 3、在定语从句里，关系代词that, who, which 等作主语时，其谓语动词的数应与句中先行词的数一致。（画 线为先行词） Those who want to go please write their names on the blackboard.
一、时态、语态需要掌握的要点： 1.以下几类动词一般不能用于进行时，同样不用于完成进行时： (1)表示感知的动词：hear, feel, notice, recognize, see, taste, smell； (2)表示意愿、情感的动词：desire, dislike, forgive, hate, like, love, prefer, refuse, want, wish, fear, love, hate； (3)表示思考、看法的动词：believe, doubt, expect, forget, hope, feel, mean, know, agree, realize, mind, recall, recollect, remember, trust, suppose； (4)表示所有、占有的动词：belong to, owe, own, possess, hold(容纳)； (5)其他动词：cost, appear, concern, contain, consist, deserve, matter, seem。 如：I’d say whenever you are going after something that is belonging to you, anyone who is depriving you of the right to have it is criminal. (1997年考研题， belong表示归属，不用于进行式) He was seeing somebody creeping into the house through the open window last night. (1990年考研题，see表示结果，不用于进行式) 2. 不用will/shall表达将来时的形式： (1)be going to表示现在的打算和意图； (2)arrive, come, drive, go, leave, retire, return, set off, start, take off等表示移位的动词的进行体表示按计划肯定要发生的将来动作；