第一部分词汇
词汇记忆方法：
一、合成词—记动词、联想词组、反义
gunpowder, headmaster, headquarter, tradesman warehouse waterproof, overall, overhead, offspring onlooker/look on, outlet/inlet, output/input, outstanding/stand out, update /up-to-date, outdated/out of date, outlook, download, overtake, overthrow, upright, upset, underline, undertake, undergo
二、常见词缀：
（一）前缀
位置：ex-, e-, extra-, over-，out-, under-; in-, im-, inter-, mid-; pre-, sub-, suf-, sup-, super-, sur-, post-; tele-; trans-; cross-
大小多少：uni-, mono-, bi-, tri-, mini-, multi-, kilo-, micro-, macro-; semi-, hemi-; poly-,
否定意义：anti-；de-; di-, dif-, dis-；counter-, anti-, contra-; in-, im-, il-, ir-；mis-, mal-; un-;
non-, pseudo-,
联想：col-, cor-, com-, con-; re-; vice
变动词: be-, en/em
其他：auto-, self-; bio-; by-, step-; ultra-
（二）后缀
表示人：-er, -ee, -eer, -or, -ar, -ian, -ent, -ant, -ist, -ese, -ess
学科：-ology, -ture, -ics
抽象意义----身份，状态，性质-ity, -ship, -hood (加在名词后), -ness（加在形容词后）-th, -ure 行为：-ment, -ion, -tion, -ation, -sion, -age, -ance/-ence （加在动词后）
形容词后缀：-tive, -ous, ful/-less; able/ible, -ent, -ant; -ory, -ary; -like/ish; -ly; -y; -some; -ward 动词后缀: -ize, -fy, -ate, 等
例：
de-, off, from, down 离开、除去、向下、减少
delete, deceit, deprive, design, deposite, descend, decrease, decline, describe, depress, despise, decompose, devalue, defect, deficiency, degrade, deficit, decentralize, destroy, destruction, despair, detect
dip, dive, duck, drip, drift, drench, drop, dye, drizzle, drown, damp, dam,
Re-: again, back; most productive回、再
repeat, recover, restore, retreat, resist, repay rechargeable battery, recycle, refine, recur, refresh, refund, reinforce, rejoice, relay, resume, reject,
sub-：suc, sup, sus, suf, = under 在。。。下面、次要、低于
subway, support, subject, submerge, submit, subordinate, subscribe, subtle, subtract, suburb, succeed, succession, suppress,
super-, sur-：beyod，over 超、在。。。之上
superior, , supermarket, superfluous, superficial, supersonic, supervise, surface, surpass, surplus survey, survive, surrender, surround
e-, ex- :out 前、向前、向外
emit, emotion, erupt, evident, expect, expand, exclude, exhaust, exhibit, export, expose, express, extend, expert, exit, excess, exceed, excel, exclaim, exile, expense, exploit, explore, explode,
explosive, exterior, external, extinct, extinguish, extract,exempt,
Pre-, 在前Pro- 向前:
predict, preface, prepare, prejudice, pretext, prevent, preview, presume, previous, prescibe, preheat, prehistoric, preschool,
promise, progress, propose, proceed, procedure, procession, proclaim, project, promote, propel, prospect, provoke,
trans-, dia-, per-: throughout, across 贯穿、通过、从。。。到。。。
transport, transplant, transmit, transatlantic, translate, transact, transition, transfer, transform, transparant
diagnose, diagram, dialogue, dialysis, diameter,
perspective
inter-, 在。。。间；mid- 中:
interact, interior, interfere, intermediate, interpret, interrupt, interval, interview,
di-, dif-, dis-；分开，否定
disable, disadvantage, disappear, disappoint, disaster, discharge, discount, discourage, discover, disorder,
divide,dismiss, dispute, dissolve,
词缀的变体
in-, im-, il-, ir-: 反义
impossible, irresponsible, illegal, illiterate, illogical, immoral, impurity, incomplete
con-, com, co-, col-, cor-: 一起，共同
combat, combine, communicate, compare, compete, companion, compatible, comply, commemorate, compile, collide, collect, colleague, coolaborate, concern, connect, contact, contradict, contrast, consistent, consolidate, congress, conspiracy, converge, confine, cooperate,coordinate, correspond, corridor, corrode, corrupt,
in-im- 里，内
immerse, immgrant, imminent, impart, impede, imply, implicit, import, impose, impress, impulse, income, incur, indebted, indicate, induce, infer, inflate, inflict, influence, inform, inherit, inhabit, inhale, inhibit, inject, inlet, inmate, innate, innovation, input, inquire, inscription, insight, insert, inspect, inspire, install, instinct, instruct, intake, intricate, intrinsic, invade, intrude, invalid, investigate, invest, involve,
sym-, syn-, sim- : same 相同
sympathy, sympathetic, symposium, symphony, symmetry, symmetric, symbolize, symptom, synthesis, synchronize, syndrome, syndicate, synonym, similar, simulate, simultaneous, assimilate en-, em-:进入; 加强意义
enclose, encage, engulf, enroll, enlist, embed, encourage, entitle, envelop, emphasis, employ, embrace, embody empower,
encounter, enforce, enjoy, enlighten, encode
ad- :ac, acqu-, ap-, at-, af-, ag-, al-ar-, as-, 向，加强意义，
accelerate, accomplish, accompany, accentuate, account, accessory,
affirm, affix, affluent, afflict,
aggressive, aggrieve, aggravate, alleviate, allure,
associate, apply, appraisal, appease, approximate, assure, attach, attic, attorney, array, arrogant,
词缀的多义性和同义性
-er: cooker, printer, thriller, typewriter
in-: inland, inject, incorporate, immigrate, imprison
di-: digress, divert, divorce
a-: not, atypical, apathetic, asymmery; ashore, aside, aboard, ahead
三、常见词根及构词
pos = put 放置
pose, position, expose, exposure, compose, composition, propose, proposal, oppose, opposition, impose, dispose, disposal, preposition
tract = draw 拉，抽，引
tractor, attract, attraction, attractive, distract, subtract, contract, abstract, drag, draw, straight, straighten, stretch, strain, string, stripe, strap,
sec, sequ = follow 跟随
second, secondary, sequence, subsequent, consequence, consequently
vid, vis, vey, vy = see 看
visible, vision, visibility, invisible, visual, video, videophone, revise, revision, supervise, supervision, evident, evidence, visit, visage, improvident，videocast
spect=look 看
spectator, spectacle, spectacular, prospect, inspect, inspection, expect, expectation, respect, respectable, respectful, respective, respected, suspect, suspicion, specific, despise
mob, mov, mot = move动
mobile, mobility, mobilize, automobile, motion, motive, motivate, motivation, motor, move, promote, promotion, emote, remote
ced, ceed, cess , gress = go, walk 行走
precede, proceed, procedure, process, exceed, excess, excessive, succeed, success, successful, succession, successive, successor, access, accessible, progress, congress, regress, aggressive
rupt=break破
bankrupt, interrupt, corrupt, disrupt, erupt
mini, min = small, little 小
miniskirt, minimize, minimum, minus, minute, minority, diminish
scrib, scrip 写，记，抄
describe, description, script, manuscript, prescribe, prescription
dict, dic = say 言，说
diction, dictionary, contradict, dictate, dictation, dictator, predict, prediction, predictable, indicate, verdict
miss, mit = send 投，送，发
mission, missile, dismiss, dismissal, transmit, transmission, emit, emission, promise, compromise, committee, commission
port = carry 拿，带，运
portable, import, export, transport, report, support
leg, legis 法
legal, legalize, illegal, legislate, legislation, legislature
press 压
impress, impression, express, suppress, depress
viv, vit=live活
live, living, lively, survive, livelihood, alive, revive, vivid, vital, vitamin
count=number
account, accountant, discount, number, numeral, numerous, innumerable
ag=act 行动，做
action, exactly, react, interact, transact, radioactive, agent, agenda, agency,
fac(t)=make做，作，制造
facility, factory, faculty, affect, defect, infect, perfect, efficient, fiction, artificial, proficiency, feasible
sign=mark记号，信号
remark, signal, signature, design, designate, significance, resign
du, doub, coup=two二
dual, double, doubtful, couple, dubious, duplicate, dual
popul, publ=people人
popular, public, publicity, republic, publish, republican, population,
men, min=mind心灵，精神
mind, remind, mention, mental, comment, memory, memorial, remember, commemorate
struct=build建造
construct, instruct, obstruct, destruction, destroy
fund, found=base基础
basement, basis, foundation, profound, fund, refund, fundamental
part=divide分，分开
dividend, individual, particle, participate, particular, partner, apart, counterpart, depart, impartial, department, party, apartment, compartment
pend, pens-hang悬挂
dependent, independence, append, appendix, suspend, pension
duc(t)=lead引导
conduct, deduct, misconduct, educate, induce, introduce, produce, reduce,
ven,vent=come来
venture, adventure, avenue, convention, invent, eventually, prevent, intervene
voc,vok=claim呼喊，叫喊，声音
proclaim, reclaim, exclaim, advocate, provoke, vocal, voice
sect=cut切，割
section, segment, intersection, sector
vail, val=worth价值
worth, worthy, worthwhile, available, prevail, value, valid, validity, valve, evaluate, equivalent pel, peal, puls=drive驱动：
appeal, compel, compulsion, compulsory, propel, pulse, impulse
tact, tang, tag=touch接触
contact, intact未接触的tangible可触摸到的, intagible
四、有意义的字母组合：
st---不动，立：stand, stop, stay, state, station, stable, steady, establish, instance, standard, statistics,
statue, stereo, stare, static, stationary, stereotype, still, destination, destine, destiny,
stone, stubborn, rest, install, staunch, constant, steel, stiff, obstacle, stale, stall, stain,
stick, start, stun, startle, astonish, stupid, stuffy (40)
sti----刺，尖：stick, sticky, stimulate, stitch, instinct, sting, stir, (大纲全部)
fl----流动：flow, float, flu, flood, influence, fluctuate, fluid, flush, fluent, fleet, flute, flux
tw----二：two, between, twilight, twelve, twin, twice, twenty, twinkle
wr, tw----扭曲，卷绕：wrap, wreck, wreath, wrestle, wrench, wrinkle, wrist, wrong, wretched
五、词组记忆方法
1. combat, combine, communicate, compare, compete, comply, collide, concern, connect, contact, contradict, contrast, consistent, cooperate, correspond
2. supply, furnish, provide, equip
3. satisfied, pleased, delighted, angry, furious, annoyed, bored, disgusted, patient, friendly, frank,
generous, popular
4. take, hand , turn, run, get, go, look, come, win, think, preside, prevail, rule, reign
have control /advantage/authority/influence, superiority, priority
speak over TV, hear over the air, broadcast over the radio, shout over the loudspeaker
5. 1). keep, go, get, carry, wait, look, hold, hang, pass, insist, put, switch, turn,
2). remark, comment, touch, dwell,
3). depend, rely, count, calculate, reckon, fall back on, live,
4). try, put, pull, have
6. 1). eat, build, tear, use, burn, blow, break, give, hold,
2). hang, grow, cover, line, stand, add, bring, dress, warm, set, wrap, pick, put, take, clear, draw,
stay, sit, wait, speed, step→quicken
7. 1). call, cut, ring, switch, put, turn,
2). put, give, keep, lay, see, shake, show, set, wear, take
8. 1). break, get, look, go,
2). run, bump, crash, drive,
3). change, turn, transform, convert, talk, argue, frighten, reason, cheat, trick, threaten,
9. 1). hand, give; 2). knock, pass; 3). run burn, tire, wear; 4). stick, carry
5). put, go, die, wipe;
6). check, drop, cross, leave, stay, stand, look, watch, bring, get, break, work, make, figure, turn 10. check, break, step, cut, sit, take; pull, draw; call, drop, look; give, hand, send, turn, fall in with
六、搭配归类记忆
rob sb. of sth. → deprive, strip, cure, relieve, inform, advise, notify, warn, assure, convince, remind
2. praise sb. for sth.→compliment, criticize, punish, scold, condemn, excuse, forgive, pardon,
3. tell…from/between…→distinguish, discrimina te, know, differ
4. inquire sth. of sb. →expect, demand, ask
5. prevent sb. from doing sth. →stop, keep, save, discourage, excuse, restrain, prohibit, inhibit,
ban,
6. regard sb as…→acknowledge, describe, look down upon, imagine, recognize, refer to, thi nk
of, treat, view, accept, impress, strike
7. rise, increase confidence, trust key/solution/answer entrance/entry fall, decrease believe, faith reply/response access/admission
七、易错易混词
1．与…，contact, concern, contradict, divorce, marry, match, resemble, rival (compete with)
2. 向…，challenge, address, approach, benefit, salute
3. 在…，address, inhabit (live in), patrol
4. 为…，serve, avenge, defend, justify, revenge
八、搭配上易混淆的动词
1．accuse…of accuse…of…replace A with B spend…on…
charge…wi th blame…for…substitute B with A invest…in…
九、词形词义相近的词和词组
considerable /considerate honorable /honorary confident/confidential historical /historic successful/successive favorite/ favorable/ favored
词汇
句中关键词提示
1. According to the of the contract, employees must give six months’ notice if they intend
to leave.
A. laws
B. rules
C. terms
D. details
2. After long negotiations, the firm to build a double-purpose bridge across the river.
A. contracted
B. contacted
C. consulted
D. convinced
3. We felt to death because we could make nothing of the lecturer’s speech.
A. exposed
B. tired
C. exhausted
D. bored
4. The Chinese community there, consisting of 67,000 , is the largest concentration of
Chinese outside Asia.
A. visitors
B. workers
C. adults
D. inhabitants
5. She went to Europe on vacation but her happy time ended in when their hotel
caught fire.
A. tragedy
B. crisis
C. drama
D. misfortune
6. The machines in this workshop are not regulated but are jointly controlled by a central
computer system.
A. inevitably
B. individually
C. irrespectively
D. irregularly
7. The managing director took the for the accident, although it was not really his fault.
A. guilt
B. blame
C. charge
D. accusation
8. The new automobile factory is expected to around 30,000 to 50,000 vehicles annually
in the first three years.
A. assemble
B. service
C. supply
D. repair
9. The young heir was so_____that he gave all his money away in a couple of years.
A.handsome
B. genuine
C. talented
D. generous
10.In the National Zoo we can find ________animals that range from large beasts to small birds.
A.a species of
B.a group of
C.a variety of
D.an amount of
词组
1. It was very difficult to build a power station in the deep valley, but it as we had
hoped.
A. came off
B. went off
C. brought out
D. made out
2. Christmas is a holiday usually celebrated on December 25th the birth of Jesus Christ.
A. in accordance with
B. in terms of
C. in favor of
D. in honor of
3. When workers are organized in trade unions, employers find it hard to lay them .
A. off
B. aside
C. out
D. down
4. The brave firemen had fought for days before they managed to the forest fire.
A. put on
B. put up
C. put off
D. put out
5. The bank manager asked his assistant if it was possible for him to the investment plan
within a week.
A. work out
B. put out
C. make out
D. set out
6. It may be worthwhile at this moment to_______and see what results we have got after one
year’s experiments.
A. look back
B. look around
C. look up
D. look forward
7. You could become a good musician, but your lack of practice is you .
A. taking...over
B. holding...back
C. making...up
D. leaving...out
8.The destruction of these treasures was a loss for mankind that no amount of money could
_________.
A.keep up with
B.stand up for
C.put up with
D.make up for
9. We can’t afford to let the situation get worse. We have to take to put it right.
A. decisions
B. advantages
C. sides
D. steps
10. From what h as been discussed above, we may safely draw the_______that it’s disadvantages
are far greater than it’s advantages.
A. solution
B. conclusion
C.answer
D. attention
11. Mobile phones have proved to with flight instruments and have a negative effect on
flight safety.
A. interfere
B. disturb
C. interrupt
D. trouble
12. Mobile phones are proved to with flight instruments and have a negative effect on
flight safety.
A. interfere
B. disturb
C. interrupt
D. trouble
13. Some governments have forbidden cigarette and launched anti-smoking campaigns.
A. commissions
B. commodities
C. commercials
D. commands
14. their differences，they are united by the common desire to transform their personal
commitment into public leadership.
A. But for
B. For all
C. Above all
D. Except for
15. I’ve attached my contact information in the recommendation letter ___________you have
further questions.
A.for good
B.in order
C.for fear
D.in case
16. The goal is to use crops, weeds and even animal waste _______the petroleum that fuels much
of American manufacturing.
A. in terms of
B. in favor of
C. in spite of
D. in place of
17. What you’re______to read may challenge your assumptions about the kind of world we live
in.
A. around
B. ahead
C. above
D. about
18. In the United States, one _______ six wage earners makes a living in or related to the
automobile industry.
A. about
B. by
C. as for
D. out of
19. He should_______be allowed to get up until he has completely recovered from his illness.
A. in case
B. in any case
C. in that case
D. in no case
近义词
1. The local people were joyfully surprised to find the prices of vegetables no longer ______
according to the weather.
A. evaluated
B. converted
C. fluctuated
D. modified
2. From the incident they have learned a lesson: decisions often lead to bitter regrets.
A. urgent
B. hasty
C. instant
D. prompt
3. we arrived in a more urban area，where Jim took me to a place called Boston Market.
A. Before long
B. After long
C. Shortly before
D. Shortly after
4. In the Chinese mind the Spring Festival is with nice food and new clothes.
A. joined
B. related
C. 1inked
D. associated
5. Some people think they can read man’s_______from his handwriting.
A.attribute
B. Feature
C. property
D. character
近形词
1. The meter can detect even a very small amount of gas in the room.
A. sensible
B. sensitive
C. sensing
D. sensed
2. The work has____ the status of a classic among the composer’s admirers.
A. required
B. acquired
C. inquired
D. inspired
3. Jane takes an interest in clothes and is very particular about what she wears.
A. exhaustive
B. excelling
C. executive
D. excessive
4. Within the foreseeable future there may be a major of species，involving from one-third
to two-thirds of all the species now in existence.
A. exhaustion
B. exhibition
C. extension
D. extinction
5. The winter just ending was severe，causing great hardship to the poorer people in this
area.
A. exceptionally
B. explosively
C. extensively
D. expressively
6.Most people in the business world were told, when they began their careers, not to let their
resume_____________one page.
A.expand
B.exceed
C.expose
D.extend
7.The volleyball team has had five _________ victories in the last three years.
A.successive
B.excessive
C.subsequent
D.eventual
8.He said that the medicine the doctor gave him brought _________to his headache.
A.retreat
B.recovery
C.relief
D.relaxation
9. The director often says it is difficult to design a program that will meet the needs of all our
users.
A. diverse
B. distinctive
C. distinct
D. distinguished
词义辨识
1. Without computer network, it would be impossible to carry on any business
operation in the advanced countries.
A. practically
B. preferably
C. precisely
D. possibly
2. During the past years the of automobile accidents in New York City has decreased.
A. degree
B. quantity
C. number
D. amount
3. It is wrong for people to think that experts are right when they explain their ideas on
some subjects.
A. steadily
B. constantly
C. persistently
D. continuously
4. He that a combination of recent oil discoveries and the advance of new technology will
lead to a decline in the price of crude oil.
A. predicts
B. compels
C. arranges
D. disputes
5. For these reasons, the newspaper is having problems in the north of the country.
A. distribution
B. regulation
C. recognition
D. destruction
6.“Sorry, there are no tickets for tomorrow’s performance, ”the ticket officer said politely.
A. preferable
B. considerable
C. accessible
D. available
7. History has demonstrated that countries with different social systems can join hands in meeting
the common challenges to human and development.
A. evolution
B. survival
C. satisfaction
D. damage
8. A lot of people were ready to work long hours because high unemployment meant that they
could easily be .
A. separated
B. appointed
C. transferred
D. replaced
9. Retail sales volume in local urban and rural areas rose 57.8% and 46.8%last year.
A. individually
B. respectively
C. correspondingly
D. accordingly
10. Applicants must show that they have$10,000 or more for living expenses and
approximately$1 0,000 for tuition.
A. acceptable
B. advisable
C. available
D. applicable
11. The _______he said it he knew what a mistake he had made.
A. moment
B. time
C. occasion
D. hour
12. Too often teachers’_______with parents involve complaints about children’s misbehaviors and
laziness.
A. acquaintances
B. associations
C. conferences
D. consultations
13. A new system of quality control was_______to overcome the shortcomings in the Firm’s
products。
A. invested
B. reformed
C. introduced
D. instructed
14. We debated the advantages and disadvantages of filming famous works __________intended
for the theater.
A.absolutely
B.conventionally
C.regularly
D.originally
15. Sociologists have long recognized that social tensions are __________elements of group life.
A.average
B.routine
C.normal
D.standard
16. Mary had taken pains to __________that her guests had everything they could possibly want.
A.see
B.know
C.feel
D.learn
17. A reply will be sent within the next few days along with _________apology.
A.an honest
B.an innocent
C.a generous
D.a sincere
18. Long-term use of the drug can _______the patient’s personality.
A.alter
B.switch
C.exchange
D.substitute
第二部分语法
时态、语态
与完成时连用的时间状语：for 10 years, (for) several times, in/ for/ during the past/last 3 months
1. Social reformer Jane Smith _____ a prominent role in the foundation of the National Progressive
Party.
A. playing
B. who played
C. played
D. to play
2．Those who’d like to visit the exhibition _____ your name here.
A. are signing
B. to sign
C. sign
D. are signed
3. You should have put the milk in the ice-box; I expect it _____ undrinkable by now.
A. became
B. had become
C. has become
D. becomes
4. It isn’t the first time that I ________ myself in an embarrassing situation.
A. have found
B. found
C. finds
D. was found
5. By the end of this month, we surely ______ a satisfactory solution to the problem.
A. have found
B. will be finding
C. will have found
D. are finding
6. Hurry up, or the tickets _____ out by the time we get there.
A. will have been sold
B. will sell
C. have sold
D. have been sold
7. A knock at the door again! It was the third time someone _____ me that evening.
A. has interrupted
B. had interrupted
C. to have interrupted
D. would have interrupted
8. While the scientists were at work in their laboratories, other men ________ to cope with living
things in their natural settings.
A. had continued
B. would continue
C. were continuing
D. would have continued
9. It seems oil _____ form this pipe for some time. We'll have to take the machine apart to put it
right.
A. had leaked
B. is leaking
C. leaked
D. has been leaking
10. Between 1897 and 1919 at least 29 motion pictures in which artificial beings were portrayed _____ .
A. had produced
B. have been produced
C would have produced D. had been produced
二．虚拟语气
1. 熟练掌握主从句谓语动词的规范搭配
1. If the doctor had been available, the child _____ .
A. would not die
B. would have not died
C. could not die
D. could not have died
2. If he had worked harder, he _____ .
A. would get through the exam
B. must have got through the exam
C. could get through the exam
D. would have got through the exam
2. 下列词后接that从句时，从句中谓语需用(should)+动词：
suggest, propose, recommend, order, demand, request, require, insist, urge, prefer, desire,
insistence, preference, recommendation, suggestion, proposal, motion, desire, requirement,
request, order, necessity, importance,
advisable, desirable, insistent, preferable, urgent,
advised, arranged, commanded, demanded, desired, ordered, proposed, recommended, requested, required, suggested
vital, crucial, essential, important, necessary
1. In the past men generally preferred that their wives _____ in the home.
worked B. would work
C. work
D. were working
2. Mike's uncle insists _____ in this hotel.
A. staying not C. that he would not stay
B. not to stay D. that he not stay
3. John Wagner’s most enduring contribution to the study of Afro-American poetry is his insistence
that it _____ in a religious, as well as worldly, frame of reference.
is to be analyzed B. be analyzed
C. has been analyzed
D. should have been analyzed
4. We are all for your proposal that the discussion ______.
A. be put off
B. was put off
C. should put off
D. is to put off
5. The board deem it urgent that these files _____ right away.
had to be printed B. should have been printed
C. must be printed
D. should be printed
6. It is recommended that the project ______ until the all the preparations have been
made.
A. is not started
B. will not be started
C. not be started
D. is not to be started
7. It is politely requested by the hotel management that radios ______ after 11 o'clock at night.
A. were not played
B. not be played
C. not to play
D. did not play
3·表示虚拟的句型：
would/had rather as though /as if If only…otherwise
It is (high) time that…（从句中动词只用过去式）
lest/for fear that/in case从句谓语用should +动词原形
If it were not for…（与现在事实相反）
If it had not been for… (与过去事实相反)
1. His wife would rather they ____ about the matter any more.
don’t talk B. couldn’t talk
C. didn’t talk
D. won’t talk
2. I'd rather you ______ make any comment on the issue for the time being.
A. don't
B. wouldn't
C. didn't
D. shouldn't
3. It’s time _____ about the tra ffic problem downtown.
A. something was done
B. anything will be done
C. everything is done
D. nothing to be done
4. My father always talks as though he _____ a public meeting.
addresses B. addresses
is addressing D. were addressing
5. If only the committee _____the regulations and put them into effect as soon as possible.
A. approve
B. will approve
C. can approve D .would approve
6. The mad man was put in the soft-padded cell lest he ______ himself.
A. injure
B. had injured
C. injured
D. would injure
7. Victor obviously doesn’t know what’s happened; otherwise he _______ such a stupid remark.
A. doesn’t make
B. did not make
C. wouldn’t have made
D. will not make
三、不定式
1. 常接不定式作宾语的动词：
agree, appear, afford, ask, attempt, choose, claim, decide, desire, determine, expect, fail, hope, intend, mean, manage, offer, plan, pretend, promise, prove, refuse, ,tend, try, wish,
1. Even though the children pretended ________, the nurses were not deceived when they came into
the room.
A. for being asleep
B. to be asleep
C. asleep
D. sleeping
2. At a minimum, the negotiators are hoping __________ an agreement in principle, with details to be
worked out later.
A. of achieving
B. for achieving
C. to achieve
D. achieving
3. The students expected there _____ more reviewing classes before the final exams.
A. is
B. have been
C. being
D. to be
不定式作主语补足语
句型：be said /reported/thought/believed/known to do sth
2. Many of the world’s great novels are reported _____ into films last year.
A. making
B. to make
C. having made
D. to have been made
3. The bank is reported in the local newspaper _____ in broad daylight yesterday.
A. to be robed
B. to have been robbed
robbed D. having been robbed
不定式作状语主要表示目的、程度、结果：
. in order to, so as to引导目的状语，so as to不能置于句首。
.so…as to, such…as to, enough…to, too…to结构作程度状语。
.作结果状语的不定式只能出现在句子的末尾，常见的不定式动词有find, hear, see, be told, form, give, make, produce等，有时用only加强不愉快结果的语义。
1. The solution works only for couples who are self-employed, don’t have small children and get along
_____ to spend most of their time together.
so well B. too well C. well as D. well enough
2. The vocabulary and grammatical differences between British and American English are so trivial and
few as hardly _____ .
A. noticed
B. to be noticed
C. being noticed
D. to notice
3. I advise them to withdraw _____ .
A. so as to get not involved
B. so as not to get involved
C. so that not to get involved
D. as not to get involved
4. After twenty years abroad, William came back only _____ how his hometown was damaged in an
earthquake.
A. to find out
B. finding out
C. to have found out
D. to be finding out
四、动名词
1. 常接动名词作宾语的动词：
acknowledge, confess, deny, appreciate, avoid, admit, consider, defend, delay, postpone, dislike, enjoy, escape, justify, keep mind, miss, finish, practice, permit, recall, risk, resist, tolerate, stand, bear
例题:
1. Although a teenager, Fred could resist _____ what to do and what not to do.
A. to be told
B. having been told
C. being told
D. to have been told
2. I appreciate _____ the opportunity to study abroad two years ago.
A. having been given
B. having given
C. to have been given
D. to have given
3. Ted has told me that he always escapes _____ as he has got a very fast sports car.
A. to fine
B. being fined
C. to be fined
D. having been fined
5. I cannot understand why he avoided _____ to us.
A. to speak
B. speak
C. having spoken
D. speaking
6. The guests said that they wouldn’t mind _____ .
A. to have a little light music
B. if they have a little light music
C. having a little light music
D. that they have a little light music
接不定式或动名词在意思上有区别的动词：
mean to do 想要（作某事）propose to do 打算（作某事）
mean doing 意味（作某事）propose doing 建议（作某事）
forget to do 忘记（要做的事）remember to do 记得（要做某事）forget doing 忘记（已做的事）remember doing 记得（以做过的事）go on to do 继而（做另一件事）stop to do 停下来去做另一件事
go on doing 继续(做原来的事) stop doing 停止正在做的事regret to do （对将要做的事）遗憾
regret doing （对已做过的事）后悔
1. I remember _____ the door before I went to bed.
A. locking
B. to lock
C. to have locked
D. being locked
2. I need that book badly. If you go to the bookstore this afternoon, please remember _____ a copy
for me.
A. buying
B. to buy
C. to have bought
D. being bought
3. Mr. Jankin regretted________ his secretary for the mistake, for he later discovered it was
his own fault.
A. to blame
B. blaming
C. to have blamed
D. having blamed
动名词作介词短语，尤其要区别下列短语中的to是介词，不是不定式符号：
object to, resort to , react to, contribute to, look forward to, be accustomed to, be exposed to, be devoted to, be opposed to, be contrary to, be (get) used to, come close to, give way to, prefer…to, see to, in addition to, with regard to, with a view to, on the way to
1. Upon being questioned, he denied _____ the article.
A. writing
B. to write
C. having written
D. to be written
2. Our modern civilization must not be thought of as _____ in a short period of time.
B. being created B. having been created
C. to have been created
D. to be created
3. As the children become financially independent of the family, the emphasis on family financial
security will shift from protection ________for the retirement years.
A. to save
B. to saving
C. to have saved
D. to be saved
不定式与动名词的习惯用法：
句型：cannot help but do 比较：cannot help doing sth.
cannot but do
cannot choose but do can do nothing but do
have no choice/alternative but to do
句型：be busy doing sth. have difficulty/trouble/problem doing sth.
It’s no good/use/picnic doing sth There is no point/sense/harm doing sth.
spend/waste time doing sth. There is no doing sth.
1. _____ can help but be fascinated by the world into which he is taken by the science fiction.
A. Everybody
B. Anybody
C. Somebody
D. Nobody
2. When Jane fell off the bike, the other children _____
A. were not able to help laughter
B. could not help but laughing
B. could not help laughing D. could not help to laugh
3. Alice was having trouble __________the children because there were so many of them.
A. controlling
B. to control
C. control
D. for controlling
4. There is no use _____ over spilt milk.
A. of being crying
B. crying
C. to cry
D. if you will cry
五、分词
1．分词短语作定语
1). 现在分词与被修饰词之间具有主动意义；
2).过去分词与被修饰词之间具有被动意义；
1.There was a very interesting remark in a book by an Englishman that I read recently _____ what he
thought was a reason for this American characteristic.
giving B. gave C. to give D. given
2. How many of us _____, say, a meeting that is irrelevant to us would be interested in the discussion?
attended B. attending C. to attend D. have attended
2·分词作状语
1. _____ one task, we started on another one. （时间）
A.to complete
B. having completed
C. to have completed
D. being completed
2. He wasn’t asked to take on the chairmanship of the society,_____ insufficiently popular with
all members. （原因）
A. being considered
B. considering
C. to be considered
D. having considered
3. _____ by his work, he lay down on the bed to take a rest. （原因）
A. Exhausting
B. Exhausted
C. having exhausted
D. To be exhausted
4. Helen borrowed my dictionary the other day _____ that she would return it soon. （伴随）
A. to say
B. having said
C. being said
D. saying
5. The article opens and closes with descriptions of two news reports, each _____ one major point
in contrast with the other. （补充说明）
A. makes
B. made
C. is to make
D. making
分词的独立主格结构
分词的逻辑主语一般为句子的主语，否则分词短语要有自己的逻辑主语，称为独立主格结构。
1. All flights _____ because of the snowstorm, we decided to take the train.
A. were canceled
B. had been canceled
C. having canceled
D. having been canceled
2. Such _____ the case, there are no grounds to justify your complaints.
A. has been
B. is
C. are
D. being
3. Being in no great hurry, _____ .
A.we went the long route and scenery
B. the long, scenic route was our preference
C. we took the long scenic route
D. our preference was taking the long, scenic route
分词作宾语补足语
Theses students are quick at learning. We’ll have them _____ in new methods.
A. train
B. training
C. trained
D. to train
六、形容词、副词及其比较级测试重点
1).修饰作用：形容词修饰名词，其余全部由副词修饰；
2)形容词和副词比较级的形式是否和比较连词对应出现；
3).比较成分是否是同类事物或同类概念；
4).表示倍数比较的词位置是：倍数+as…as…, 或倍数+more…than…；
5).比较级的修饰语：a little, a lot, the, any, even, far, hardly, lots, much, rather
1. He speaks English, but not _____ his sister does.
A. as good as
B. so well like
C. so good as
D. as well as
2. Smoking is so harmful to personal health that it kills _____ people each year than automobile
accidents.
A. seven more times
B. seven times more
C. over seven times
D. seven times
3. Do you enjoy listening to records? I find records are often _____ , or better than an actual performance.
A. as good as
B. as good
C. good
D. good as
4. More people will eat out in restaurant _____ they do today.
A. than
B. as
C. when
D. while
5. The number of registered participants in this year’s marathon was half _____ .
A. of last year’s
B. those of la st year’s
C. of those of last year
D. that of last year’s
下列词和短语不用比较级形式表示比较概念：
inferior minor senior prior prefer to
superior major junior preferable differ from
compared with in comparison with different from rather than
1. This watch is _____ to all the other watches on the market.
A. superior
B. advantageous
C. super
D. beneficial
2. Prior _____ his departure, he addressed a letter to his daughter.
A. to
B. of
C. in
D. from
3. I prefer this diagram _____ that one.
A. than
B. more than
C. rather than
D. to
七. 平行结构
1. 构成平行结构的连词有：
并列连词：and, but, or，than
等立连词：both…and…, not only…but(also)…, either…or…, neither…nor…,
not…but…, whether…or…, prefer…to…, rather than
1. It is better to die on one’s feet than _____ .
A. living on one’s knees
B. live on one’s kne es
C. on one’s knees
D. to live on one’s knees
2. We are taught that a business letter should be written in a formal style _____ in a personal style.
A. rather than
B. other than
C. better than
D. less than
3. I like watching TV ________ to the cinema.
A. more than to go
B. than going
C. more than going
D. rather than to go
4. In the course of a day students do far more than just _________ classes.
A. attended
B. attend
C. to attend
D. attending
八、代词
测试重点：与所指代的名词在数上一致；
与所指代的名词在性上一致；
与所指代的名词在格上一致；
one指代代不定冠词的单数可数名词，复数为ones；
do代替动词，注意数的变化；
that在比较结构中常常代替不可数名词，以避免重复。
例题：
1. No bread eaten by man is so sweet as _____ earned by his own labor.
A. one
B. that
C. such
D. what
2. I will give this dictionary to _____ wants to have it.
A. whomever
B. someone
C. whoever
D. anyone
3. They always give the vacant seats to _____ comes first.
who B. whom C. whoever D. whomever
4. Even if they are on sale, these refrigerators are equal in price to, if not more expensive than,
_____ at the other store.
A. anyone
B. the others
C. that
D. the ones
5. A good writer is _____ who can express the commonplace in an uncommon way.
A. that
B. he
C. one
D. this
九、主谓一致问题
判断主语是单数还是复数概念：1）从句作主语；2）倒装；3）学科名词表示具体概念
1. The atmosphere is as much a part of the earth as _____ its soil and the water of its lakes, rivers
and oceans.
A. are
B. is
C. do
D. has
2. Whether or not the next plan will yield any positive results _____ to be seen.
A. remain
B. remains
C. is remained
D. have remained
3. _______ was replaced by a limited liability company with a bureaucracy of salaried managers.
A. Many old firm
B. A many old firm
C. Many old firms
D. Many an old firm
4. That our environment has little, if anything, to do with our abilities, characteristics and behavior
________ central to this theory.
A. is
B. are
C. has been
D. have been
5. Lack of preparation ________ some students to do poorly on exams; test anxiety can also be a
factor.
A. have caused
B. cause
C. causing
D. causes
6. The kind of weather problem people face ___________ largely on where they live.
A. depending
B. depended
C. depend
D. depends
十、倒装问题：
1. 下列否定词及含有否定意义的词组修饰状语时，若置于句首，句子的主谓要部分倒装：
never, no, neither, not only, hardly, scarcely, little, seldom, rarely, not until, nowhere, at no time, on no account, in no respect, in no sense, by no means, in no way, no longer, no less, no more, no sooner than, under no circumstances, in vain, still less
2. 以only修饰状语开头的句子，句子的主谓要部分倒装：
only then, only at that time, only once, only in this way, only with, only through, only by,
only when, only after, only because
1．_____ to speak when the audience interrupted him.
A. Hardly had he begun
B. No sooner had he begun
C. Not until he begun
D. Scarcely did he begin
2. _____ do we go for picnics.
A. Certainly
B. Sometimes
C. Seldom
D. Once
3. If you don’t agree to our plan, _____ .
A. neither they will
B. so won’t they
C. neither will they
D. so they won’t neither
4. Wood doesn’t conduct electricity, _____ .
A. so doesn’t rubber
B. also doesn’t rubber
C. nor does rubber
D. nor rubber does
5. She never laughed, ________ lose her temper.
A. or she ever did
B. nor did she ever
C. or did she ever
D. nor she ever did
6. Only when you have obtained sufficient data _____ come to a sound conclusion.
A. can you
B. would you
C. you will
D. you can
7. No where in China _________ more beautiful scenery than in Kunming.
A. you ca find
B. You have found
C. can you find
D. have you found
十一、复合句
形容词性（定语）从句的测试重点：
1. The Social Security Retirement Program is made up of two trust funds, _____ could go penniless
by next year.
A. the larger one
B. the larger of which
C. the largest one
D. the largest of which
2.You are just the same as you were the day _____ I first met you.
A. that
B. which
C. when
D. how
3. Living in the central Australian desert has its problems, _____ obtaining water is not the least.
A. of which
B. for what
C. as
D. whose
4. I have kept that portrait _____ I can see it every day, as it always reminds me of my university
days in London.
A. which
B. whether
C. where
D. when
as与which用作关系代词的区别：
1）as与the same, such, so, as关联使用；
2）as和which都可以引导非限定性定语从句，但as的在句中的位置比较灵活，可出现在句首、句中、句末，而which只能出现在句末；
1. ______ can be seen from the comparison of these figures, the principle involves the active
participation of the patient in the modification of his condition.
A. As
B. What
C. That
D. It
2. ______ is generally accepted, economic growth is determined by the smooth development of
production.
A. What
B. That
C. It
D. As
3. We hope the measures to control prices, _____ are taken by the government, will succeed.
A. when
B. as
C. since
D. after
4. You are just the same _____ you were the day when I first met you.
A. that
B. like
C. to
D. as
名词性从句
整个从句相当于一个名词，在句中作主语、宾语／介词宾语、表语、同位语。
考生应特别注意：①what的用法
②whoever与whomever主格与宾格取决于在从句中作主语还是作宾语；
1. They lost their way in the forest, and _____ made matters worse was that night began to fall.
A. that
B. what
C. it
D. which
2. Water will continue to be _____ it is today next in importance to oxygen
A. how
B. which
C. as
D. what
3.There are over 100 night schools in the city, making it possible for a professional to be re-educated
no matter _____ he does.
A. how
B. where
C. what
D. when
4. I will give this dictionary to _____ wants to have it.
A. whomever
B. someone
C. whoever
D. anyone
副词性（状语）从句
测试重点：1）注意从属连词的逻辑意义，根据主从句的逻辑关系选择正确的连词；
表示时间：when, after, before, as, while, since, once, as soon as
表示条件：if, unless, provided/providing (that), as/so long as, in case, if only
表示原因：because, since, as, now that, in that, for the reason that
表示让步：though, although, even if/though, while, as,
表示目的：so that, for the purpose that, in order that, lest, for fear that
表示结果/程度：so…that, as a result that, so much so that
表示方式：as though, as if
2) 特殊连词的用法；
1. The senior librarian at the circulation desk promise to get the book for me _____ she could
remember who last borrow it.
A.ever since
B. much as
C. even though
D. if only
2.Hydrogen is the fundamental element of the universe _____ it provided the building block from
which the other elements are produced.
A. so that
B. but that
C. in that
D. provided that
3. _____ we have all the material ready, we should begin the new task at once.
A. Since that
B. Since now
C. By now
D. Now that
4. Suppose there were a flood or an earthquake and the people could not be reached by trains or trucks.
______ packages of food could be dropped from planes, the people might starve.
A. Until
B. Before
C. Unless
D. If only
5. After people have learned that magnets attract things, centuries passed _______ they took note of the
fact that magnets sometimes also repel things.
A. before
B. until
C. after
D. since
6. The firm should make a substantial profit ________ satisfactory labor relations are maintained.
A. in case
B. with the purpose that
C. provided that
D. even if
7. Backward somewhat technologically ________ we are for the moment, we have perfect faith in our
ability to catch up in time.
A. if
B. even though
C. that
D. as
8. _____ the calculation is right, scientists can never be sure that they have included
all variables and modeled them accurately.
A. Even if
B. As far as
C. If only
D. So long as
9. I have just started back for the house to change my clothes _____ I heard voices.
A. as
B. when
C. after
D. while
10. ______ he works hard, I don't mind when he finishes the experiment.
A. As soon as
B. As well as
C. So far as
D. So long as
11. ______ you are leaving tomorrow, we can eat dinner together tonight.
A. Since
B. While
C. For
D. Before
12. Give me your telephone number, _____ I need your help.
A. whether
B. unless
C. or else
D. in case
13. Helen listened carefully ______ she might discover exactly what John wanted.
A. so as that
B. in case
C. providing
D. in order that
十二、综合练习
Exercise 1
1. It's reported that by the end of this month the output of cement in the factory _____ by about
10%.
A. will have risen
B. will be rising
C. has risen
D. has been rising
2. She ought to stop work; she has a headache because she ______ too long.
A. has been reading C. is reading
B. had read D. read
3. No bank keeps enough cash _________ all its deposits in full at one time.
A. to pay
B. for paying
C. paying
D. being paid
4. _____ several times, they need some encouragement.
A. Being failed
B. having failed
C. To fail
D. To be failed
5. The lecture _____, he left his seat so quietly that no one complained that his leaving disturbed
the speaker.
A. began
B. beginning
C. having begun
D. being beginning