Unit 1
Reading
The Amazon rainforest: a natural treasure
亚马孙雨林：大自然的宝藏
Welcome to the jungle, a huge sea of green alive with the sounds of animals. This is the Amazon rainforest. As the largest rainforest in the world, it plays a significant role in maintaining the fine balance of the Earth's ecosystem.
欢迎来到丛林，这是一片绿色的海洋，处处可闻各种动物的声音。这里是亚马孙雨林。作为世界上最大的雨林，它在维系地球生态系统的微妙平衡上扮演着举足轻重的角色。
The Amazon rainforest crosses into eight countries, including Brazil and Peru, and one overseas region of France, all on the South American continent. With an area of around 6 million square kilometres , the Amazon rainforest is more than half the size of China. The Amazon River, from which the rainforest gets its name, is close to 6,400 kilometres in length-roughly 100 kilometres longer than the Yangtze River. On its journey from the mountains to the ocean, the river supports many different ecosystems. They give this area the richest biodiversity on the Earth: one in ten known species in the world can be found here.
亚马孙雨林穿过包括巴西、秘鲁在内的八个国家，以及一块法国的海外领地，都位于南美洲大陆。亚马孙雨林的面积约为600万平方千米，比中国国土面积的一半还要大。亚马孙雨林得名于亚马孙河，亚马孙河长约6,400千米，比长江还长大约100千米。这条河从高山流向海洋，沿途维系着多种不同的生态系统。它们赋予这片区域地球上最丰富的生物多样性：全世界十分之一的己知物种，都可以在这里找到。
Of the 390,000 plant species known to us, more than 40,000 can be found in the Amazon. This tall and ancient brazil nut tree produces nuts that we can eat; these water lilies are big enough to lie down on. The forest's different levels support an unbelievable variety of wildlife. At the bottom, there is a system of roots beneath the ground. Above that is the mass of leaf litter on the dark forest floor. The nextlevel is made up of shorter plants with large leaves. Then there are the towering ancient hardwoods, and finally the tops of the tallest trees many metres above the ground. Each level of the forest forms its own little world, home to different kinds of living things.
在人类己知的390,000种植物物种中，在亚马孙可以找到40,000多种。这棵高大、古老的巴西坚果树结出的坚果我们可以食用；这些睡莲（叶片）大到可以躺在上面。雨林的不同层次养活的野生动物种类多到难以置信。最底层是地下的根系。往上是阴暗森林地表厚实的落叶层。再往上一层由低矮的阔叶植物组成。然后是高耸、古老的阔叶树，最后是那些离地数米之高的大树的树冠。雨林的每一层都自成一个小世界，成为各种生物的家园。
More than 1,300 species of birds and over 400 species of mammals hide among the jungle's plant life. This jaguar is one example. It has a yellowish-brown coat with black spots. While a significant number of jaguars survive here, they are only one on at least 87 species, including frogs. These frogs, in turn, feed on insects which eat leaves and fruit. When a jaguar dies, a tiny army of microorganisms helps break down its body and return the nutrients to the earth.
1,300多种鸟和400多种哺乳动物藏身于这片丛林的植被中。这只美洲豹就是个例子。它黄棕色的皮毛上遍布着黑点。尽管这里生存着数量可观的美洲豹，但它们仅仅是雨林食物链上的一环。它们捕食的物种至少有87种，其中包括青蛙.相应地，这些青蛙的食物，是以树叶和水果为食的昆虫。美洲豹死后，一小支微生物军队会助力其尸体的分解，让营养素重回土壤之中。
The Amazon rainforest breathes life into the planet by fixing carbon and producing over 20 per cent of all the Earth's oxygen. Thus, it is often known as the " lungs of the planet". Moreover; the Amazon rainforest is a treasure house of species that can be used for food or medicine. Yet there is one major danger to these irreplaceable plants and animals: us. Over the past 50 years, about 17 per cent of the rainforest has disappeared due to human activities such as agriculture and cattie farming. As the impact of human activities continues to grow and the list of species in danger of extinction becomes longer, we are left with a question: can we afford to damage the 41 lungs of the planet w ?
亚马孙币林通过固定碳（二氧化碳一译者注），并生成占全球总量20%以上的氧气，来为地球注入活力。因此，它也常常被称作“地球之肺”。此外，亚马孙雨林还是食用物种和药用物种的宝库。然而，这些无可取代的动植物面临的一个主要威胁就是：我们。在过去的50年里，由于农耕和养牛等人类活动，17% 的雨林己经消失了•随着人类活动影响的不断増加，濒危物种的名单越来越长，这留给我们一个问题：我们能承担得起损害“地球之肺”的后果吗？
Extended reading
News that Matters:pollution in Norgate
《焦点新闻》：诺盖特市的污染
HOST: Good evening and welcome to News that Matters. Our topic today is pollution in Norgate. Joining us in the studio tonight are James Smith, a local resident; Vincent Brown, senior manager of a local factory; and Julie Archer, chief of the Norgate Environmental Protection Committee. Welcome.
主持人：晚上好，欢迎收看《焦点新闻》。我们今天的话题是诺盖特市的污染。今晚来到我们演播室的有本地居民詹姆斯•史密斯、本地一家工厂的高管文森特•布朗，还有诺盖特环境保护委员会的负责人朱莉•阿彻。欢迎你们。
Norgate' s rapid development has had significant environmental costs. Mr Smith, you've lived in this city for over 20 years. How would you describe the effects of pollution over that time?
诺盖特市的高速发展付出了高昂的环境代价。史密斯先生，您己经在这座城市生活了二十多年。您能说说这二十年间污染造成的影响吗？
SMITH: It' s been awful, really. When I first moved here, the air was fresh, the grass green and the water clear. Then heavy industry factories moved in, and things became entirely different. I don' t enjoy outdoor activities any more. The river is dirty and smelly. The smog in the air has coloured the sky a smoky grey; it' s also given me a cough that I can' t get rid of. For health and safety reasons alone, heavy industry has to go. 史密斯：非常糟糕，真的。我刚搬来时，这里空气清新、草绿水清。后来重工业工厂迁来了，情况变得截然不同了。我再也不喜欢户外活动了。河水又脏又臭。空气中的烟雾把天空都染成了烟灰色；这还让我患上了咳嗽，久治不愈。单是出于健康和安全的原因，重工业也必须迁走。
HOST: Mr Smith protested against heavy industry. Mr Brown, would you like to respond?
主持人：史密斯先生反对重工业。布朗先生，您想做出回应吗？
BROWN: Well, I' m sorry you feel that way, Mr Smith. People tend to connect factories with pictures of clouds of dirty smoke and irresponsible businessmen eager to make huge profits. In defence of the factories, however; I' d like to point out that we also try to control the amount of pollution we produce. I think I speakfor all factory managers when I say we' re deeply concerned about the environment.We' ve been taking various measures, including the use of new technologies, to reduce pollution in the production process, even though these measures raise our production costs. I' d also like to draw your attention to the economic benefits factories have brought to Norgate. We' ve created many jobs for local residents and helped the city* s economy grow.
布朗：好吧，对于您那样的感受我很抱歉，史密斯先生。一提到工厂，人们总是将其与浓烟滚滚的画面和急于牟取暴利、不负责任的商人形象联系在一起。不过，我要为工厂说句话，我想指出，我们也在努力控制我们制造的污染。我们对环境问题深感担忧，我想，我是代表所有的工厂负责人说的这句话。我们一直在采取各种各样的措施，包括新科技手段的运用，来减少生产过程中产生的污染，尽管这些措施会增加我们的生产成本。我还希望您能注意到，这些工厂给诺盖特市带来的经济效益。我们为当地居民创造了许多就业岗位，并对这座城市的经济增长起到了助推作用。
HOST: Thank you, Mr Brown. With pollution levels on the rise, the Norgate Environmental Protection Committee is searching for ways to fight the problem.Mrs Archer; what are your thoughts on how to deal with pollution?
主持人：谢谢您，布朗先生。鉴于污染程度不断加重，诺盖特环境保护委员会正在设法应对这个问题。阿彻女士，您对如何处理污染问题有何见解？
ARCHER: Well, our committee has a major role to play in maintaining air and water quality. We have to achieve a balance between environmental protection and economic development. We* ve made environmental policies for businesses to observe, like strict clean-up requirements. We also work hand in hand with other branches of government to ensure that development strategies are followed in an environmentally friendly way. However, fighting pollution isn' t just a task for factories and the government.lt has to be a community-wide effort, and everyone can help by following the golden rule: reduce, reuse and recycle. For example, you can save energy by taking the bus or the subway, or using the bike-sharing system.
阿彻：是的，我们委员会在维护空气质量和水质量方面发挥着重要作用。我们必须在环境保护与经济发展之间求得平衡。我们己经制定了供各行业遵守的环境政策，比如严格的净化要求。我们也与其他政府部门携手，确保以一种环境友好的方式贯彻发展战略。然而，与污染作斗争不仅仅是工厂与政府的任务，应该全社会通力协作，人人都可以通过遵守“减少使用、重复使用、回收利用”这一黄金法则来助力。打个比方，您可以乘坐公交车、地铁，或者使用共享单车来节约能源。
HOST: Thank you, Mrs Archer, and thanks again to all of our guests. A former UN official once said, "Saving our planet, lifting people out of poverty, advancing economic growth ... these are one and the same fight." The fortunes of our environment and our economy are inseparable. It' s our duty to protect the environment while we aim for economic development. It' s our duty to leave a better; cleaner and healthier planet to our children. It' s our duty to build a human community with a shared future.
主持人：谢谢您，阿彻女士，再次感谢我们所有的嘉宾。一位联合国前官员曾经说过：“拯救我们的地球，让人们摆脱贫困，实现经济増长,，”这是同一场战斗。”我们的环境与经济的命运休戚与共。在追求经济发展的同时保护环境，这是我们的责任。将一个更美好、更清洁、更健康的星球留给我们的后人，这是我们的责任。构建人类命运共同体，这是我们的责任。
Unit 2 Reading
Pupils' lives spared during Falmont earthquake
弗尔蒙特发生地震小学生成功逃生
By Raymond Tran
18 March
FALMONT-On 17 March, 476 students and 36 teachers at Falmont Primary School escaped an earthquake that hit the county at 2:27 p.m. Only 5 students suffered slight injuries,despite the current figures 200 injured in the disaster area at large.
弗尔蒙特一一3月17日下午2： 27, 一场地震袭击了弗尔蒙特县，弗尔蒙特小学476名学生和36名教师成功逃生。尽管目前整个灾区伤亡数据为7人死亡，200多人受伤，（弗尔蒙特小学）却仅有5名学生受轻伤。
Alice Brown,head teacher at Falmont Primary School, was teaching when the floor began to shake. Her students' reaction was quick and correct-they moved under their desks,head first, and held on to the legs of the desks. At the same time, Miss Brown quickly opened the classroom door, in case it became damaged during the shaking and could not open. There were loud crashes of glass breaking and things falling to the ground, but the students remained still and waited calmly and quietly.
弗尔蒙特小学校长艾丽斯•布朗当时正在授课，突然地面开始晃动。她的学生们反应迅速正确一一他们头朝里，钻到桌子下面，并紧紧抓住桌腿。与此同时，布朗女士立刻打开教室门，以防门在震动中损坏打不开。尽管玻璃破碎、东西倒地发出阵阵巨响，但是学生们仍然一动不动，沉着安静地等待着。
The moment the shaking stopped, Miss Brown sensed it was the best time for the class to make their escape. She signalled to her students to exit the classroom in an orderly line covering their heads with their hands. Within one minute and twenty seconds, the whole class went down the stairs and rushed to the playground. Soon students from other classes arrived too.After a roll call confirmed that all were safe and sound, they relaxed, laughing, crying and hugging each other."
晃动一停止，布朗女士立即意识到这是全班逃生的最好时机。她示意学生们用双手护着头，排好队，有序离开教室。1分20秒内，全班下楼梯，跑到了操场上•很快，其他班的学生也赶到了。点名确认所有人都安然无恙后，大家才松了一口气，笑啊，哭啊，互相拥抱着。
“ We practise earthquake safety procedures twice a yeai;" said Miss Brown, " so the kids were calm enoug h to protect themselves during the earthquake. ”
“我们每年进行两次地震安全规程演练，”布朗女士说，“因此在地震时，孩子们都十分镇定，能够保护好自己。”
NEWDALE-On 20 December* series of huge waves caused by an undersea Earthquake raced across the ocean near Goldshore and left thousands dead. Goldshore Beach was the only local beach to survive the disaster without any loss of life. AlO-year-old girl,Sabrina Andron,helped around 100 people escape danger with her knowledge of tsunamis.
纽代尔一一12月20日，由海底地震引发的巨浪接连席卷了金海岸附近海域，造成数千人死亡。金海岸海滩是当地唯一一个在此次灾难中没有任何人员损失的海滩。一个10岁的女孩，萨布丽娜•安德龙，利用自己掌握的海啸知识帮助大约100人脱险。
The day began like any other on Goldshore Beach.People were walking,running or simply sitting on the sandy beach, enjoying the warm sea air and the soft wind that brushed their hair. Sabrina was one of the happy tourists until she noticed something odd. "The water was like the bubbles on the top of a beer;" she later explained. "It wasn't calm and it wasn' t going in and then out. It was just coming in and in and in."Sabrina had just learnt about tsunamis in a Geography lesson. It immediately occurred to her that these were signs of an approaching tsunami. Sabrina was frightened,but she soon kept her head. She warned her parents of the danger; though at first they just thought she was joking. However, Sabrina was certain that a terrible disaster was on its way and kept asking her parents to talk to a safety officer. To her great relief, the officer immediately realized the coming danger. The beach was rapidly cleared of people, just before the huge waves crashed into the coast.
那天刚开始，金海岸海滩上与往常一样。人们在散步、晨跑，或者就是坐在沙滩上，享受着温暖的海边空气和拂过发际的微风。萨布丽娜是这群快乐游客中的一位，直到她察觉到一丝异样。“海水像啤酒表面的泡沫一样，'‘她后来解释说，“不平静，也没有潮来潮去。海水只是一个劲儿地涌过来，涌过来，再涌过来。"萨布丽娜刚在一节地理课上学习了有关海啸的知识。她立刻意识到这是海啸来临的前兆。萨布丽娜吓坏了，不过她很快冷静下来。她提醒父母有危险，但一开始他们只当她是在开玩笑•不过，萨布丽娜确信，一场可怕的灾难正在逼近，于是便不停地让父母去和安全员谈一谈。使她大为宽慰的是，安全员立即意识到危险即将来临。就在巨浪拍岸的前一刻，海滩上的人迅速疏散一空。
U2 Extended reading
The Last Days of Pompeii (Excerpt)
庞贝城的末日(节选)
Edward Bulwer-Lytton (1803-1873) was a talented British writer who left his mark on the English language. His classic novel The Last Days of Pompeii imagines life in the ancient Roman city of Pompeii in the year 79, when Mount Vesuvius erupted. This terrible natural disaster destroyed Pompeii completely, but it also kept the ancient city as it was for future ages. Since 1748,Pompeii has been systematically unearthed.Idday it is an international tourist destination.
爱德华•布尔沃•利顿(1803—1873)是一位才华横溢的英国作家，对英语语言产生了深远的影响。在其经典小说《庞贝城的末日》中，他对公元79年维苏威火山爆发时，古罗马城市庞贝的生活场景展开了想象。这场骇人天灾将庞贝城彻底摧毁，却又为后世保存了这座古城的原貌。从1748年起，庞贝城开始得到系统发掘。如今这里己成为国际旅游胜地。
Pompeii was a typical Roman city. In its little shops, its tiny palaces, its forum, its wine bars, its theatre-in the energy and skill of its people, you saw a model of the whole Roman Empire. Trading ships bringing imports to the city or carrying exports overseas, along with golden pleasure boats for the rich,were crowded together in the glassy water of the port. The boats of the fishermen moved rapidly in all directions. Above all, the cloud-capped top of Mount Vesuvius appeared. Its ashy rocks, now dark, now light, told a story of past eruptions that might have warned the city what was to come!
庞贝是一座典型的罗马城市。从它的一个个小商铺、一座座小殿宇、广场、酒馆、剧场中一一从庞贝人的活力和技艺中，你能看到整个古罗马帝国的缩影。进口货物到城内，出口货物到海外的商船，以及富贵人家金灿灿的游船，齐聚在港口波光粼粼的水面上。条条渔船向着四面八方疾行。在这一切的上方，云雾笼罩的维苏威火山山顶若隐若现。火山岩忽明忽暗，讲述着几度喷发的往事，这原本可以警告这座城市里的人们，即将到来的是什么！
The awful night rolled slowly a way,a nd the dawn greyly broke on THE LAST DAY OF POMPEII! The crowd looked upwards, and saw, with unspeakable fear, a huge cloud shooting from the top of the volcano. It took the form of a huge tree: the trunk, blackness, the branches, firelThis fire moved and changed in colour with every moment: now it was wildly bright, now of a pale and dying red,and now again it burnt with an unbearable light!
可怕的夜晚缓缓退去，晦暗的晨光开启了庞贝城的末日！人们抬头仰望，眼前景象让他们感到莫名恐惧，只见一团庞大的云正从火山口喷薄而出.它形似一株巨树：树干，黑魅魅的；枝叶，那是火！火焰翻腾着，颜色变幻不定，时而极明亮，时而又变得微弱，呈现熄灭之前的暗红，时而又烧起来，放出刺眼的强光！
The cries of women broke out; the men looked at each other, but were silent. At that moment, they felt the earth shaking beneath their feet; beyond in the distance, they heard the crash of falling roofs. A moment later; the mountain-cloud seemed to roll towards them, dark and rapid, like a river, at the same time, it threw out a shower of ashes and huge pieces of burning stone! Over the empty streets-over the forum-far and wide-with many a noisy crash in the stormy sea-fell that awful shower!
女人们开始尖叫；男人们面面相觑，却都一言不发。那一刻，他们感到脚下的大地正在颤抖；他们听到远处有屋顶坍塌的巨响。过了片刻，山上的云团似乎正向他们滚滚而来，阴沉迅猛，如汹涌的江水；与此同时，云团中抛洒下阵雨似的火山灰和大块大块燃烧着的石头，落在空荡荡的街道，落在广场上，四面八方，还有许多掉在波涛汹涌的大海里，发出阵阵巨响一一下了一场可怕的大雨！
Each turned to fly-each running, pressing, pushing against the other. If, in the darkness, wife was separated from husband, or parent from child,there was no hope of their meeting again. Each hurried blindly and fearfully on.So came the earthquake...and so ended life in Pompeii.
所有人都赶忙飞奔一一他们奔跑拥挤，你推我操。黑暗中，一旦妻离子散，就绝不可能重逢了。每个人都惊慌失措地盲目奔逃。这时，地震来了……庞贝城的生活就此终结。
Nearly seventeen centuries had rolled away before the city of Pompeii was dug from its silent resting place. Its walls were fresh as if painted yesterday; not a single colour changed on the rich pattern of its floors. In its forum, the half-finished columns seemed as if just left by the workman's hand. Long after fire and ash came for the people of Pompeii,the remains of their beautiful city survive to remind us that human lives burn bright and short
时间流过了近十七个世纪，庞贝城终于从它寂静的长眠之地被发掘出来。它的墙壁依然新得像昨天刚刚刷完；地板上繁复的图案，一点都没有色。广场上，那些尚未完工的石柱看起来就像刚刚离开工匠之手。在大火和火山灰袭击庞贝人很久很久之后，他们美丽城市的遗迹得以留存下来，提醒我们人类的生命灿烂而短暂。
U3 Reading
The Internets world without frontiers
互联网：无疆世界
The Internet has the power to connect people across the world to a single shared community. Billions of people in different parts of the world have joined it already, and obviously many more will follow. Even in the countryside, the Internet enables people to reach beyond their villages and get in touch with the outside world.We can achieve almost anything
online-with access to the Internet come some truly life-changing advantages.
互联网拥有将全世界的人互联成一个共享群体的能力。世界各地数十亿人己加入其中，而且显而易见，更多人会接踵而至。即便在乡下，互联网也能使人们超越自己的村庄与外界联络。我们在网上几乎无所不能，接入互联网带来了一些实实在在的、改变我们生活的好处。
One of the greatest advantages of the Internet lies in the quick and easy access to a huge amount of information. To a certain extent, the world's knowledge is all at our fingertips.With the click of a mouse or the touch of a button, it is possible to find out almost anything we care to know, from recipes to travel packages,from military affairs to learning resources. In the time it takes to find one book in the library, we can use a search engine to bring up millions of results.No wonder the Internet has now become the first place that the majority of people turn to for information.
互联网的最大优势之一在于可以快速、方便地获取海量信息。从某种程度而言，动动手指，全世界的知识就能尽在掌握.点一下鼠标，或者按一下按钮，就有可能找到几乎所有我们想了解的一切，从烹饪食谱到旅游套餐，从军事事务到学习资源。在图书馆找一本书的工夫，我们就可以用搜索引擎让上百万的结果出现在屏幕上。难怪互联网现在己经成为大多数人获取信息的首选途径。
The Internet has also made our lives unbelievably convenient, with all sorts of goods and services provided by electronic commerce, more commonly known as e-commerce. You can have food delivered to you using food delivery apps and sites. Gone are the days of searching shop after shop for the perfect pair of boots-you can compare styles and prices quickly and easily in the comfort of your living room. Why wait hopelessly for a taxi in the cold rain? It is now simple and fast to order one with a taxi app. Sit back and relax indoors for a few warm minutes until the driver arrives. When you wish to go on holiday, you can make all your travel arrangements just in front of the computer. Forgot to carry cash? There is no need to worry-you can pay for almost everything on your smartphone.
互联网通过电子商务一一也就是通常所说的电商一一提供应有尽有的商品和服务，给我们的生活带来了令人难以置信的便利。通过外卖程序和网站，你可以让人送餐上门。为了买一双理想的靴子，一家店接一家店去找的日子己经一去不复返了，你可以舒舒服服地待在自家客厅里比较款式和价格，省时省力。为什么要在寒冷的雨中绝望地等待出租车呢？如今，在出租车程序上预约一辆，既简单又快捷。在温暖的室内惬意地坐上几分钟，只待司机到达。想要度假的话，你只要坐在电脑前，就能搞定所有的行程安排。忘了带现金？不用担心，几乎所有的费用你都可以通过智能手机来支付。
Above all else, the Internet helps us establish and maintain social ties. With all sorts of communication software, physical distance no longer gets in the way. No matter where we are, we are able to keep in contact with loved ones, find long-lost friends and discover whole new communities who share our hobbies.An instant message, a group chat, a video call, a comment on an update-there are endless ways to share our views or let someone know we care about them.
最重要的是，互联网帮助我们建立并维持社交联系。有了各种通信软件，现实距离己不再是阻碍。不管身在何处，我们都能与所爱之人保持联系，找到久违的朋友，发现兴趣相投的新群体。即时消息、群聊、视频通话、对更新的评论一一有无数方法来分享我们的观点，或让别人知晓我们对他们的关心。
However,while the Internet brings many valuable advantages, being connected has its problems. As with any great invention, we must be aware of these problems and be careful to use the Internet properly and responsibly. Only in this way can the Internet be a place of discovery, wonder and inspiration for everyone. It is truly a world without frontiers.
然而，尽管互联网有诸多宝贵的优势，“互联”却也有其自身的问题。跟对待任何伟大的发明一样，我们必须意识到这些问题，并合理、负责任地谨慎使用互联网•唯有如此，互联网才能成为每个人的发现之地、奇妙之所、灵感之源，才能真正成为无疆世界。
U3 Extended reading
Smartphone:a smart choice?
智能手机：明智的选择？
I was a smartphone addict. My eyes were glued to the little screen whenever walked down the street, had dinner with frends or lay in bed at night. The first thing I did when I woke up in the morning was reach for my phone. I always asked for Wi-Fi connections when I went to a new restaurant or coffee shop. A dead battery in my smartphone would make me feel stressed. Sometimes I had the uncomfortable feeling that this little machine had taken up too much of my time, and that I could have done something more meaningful than just looking at a tiny screen all day. Sliding into the habit was easy, but it was difficult to quit the habit.
我是个“智能手机控”。无论是走在大街上，还是同朋友吃饭，或者晚上躺在床上，我都目不转睛地
盯着这块小小的屏幕。早晨醒来，我做的第一件事情就是伸手拿手机。每当我到一家新餐厅或者咖啡厅时，我都会要求连上它们的无线网。如果手机电量耗尽，会让我感到焦虑。有时候，我有种不安的感觉，这台小小的机器己经占用了我太多的时间，我本该做一些更有意义的事，而不是整天都盯着一块小小的屏幕。陷入这种习惯很容易，戒掉它却很难。
Then the day came when I finally realized I had to make a change. Head down,eyes on my smartphone,! stepped into the road and a car shot past,nearly knocking me off my feet At that very moment, I made up my mind to spend a whole week without my smartphone.
终于我意识到自己必须做出改变的那天到来了。（那天）我低着头，眼睛紧盯手机走到马路上，一辆车疾驰而我下定决心，过一周不碰手机的日子。
The first day was the hardest. I was used to checking the news and my friends' social media updates every few minutes, but now I did not know what to do with myself. I kept reaching for my pocket, for my smartphone that was not there. I felt lost and anxious, as if I had missed something of value. Very soon, time slowed down. The empty hours stretched out in front of me, and I felt disconnected from everyone and everything.
第一天是最艰难的。我己经习惯了隔几分钟就翻翻新闻，浏览一下朋友们社交媒体的更新情况，可是现在，我有去掏那只并不在里面的手机。我感到迷惘、紧张，仿佛我丢失了什么宝贵的东西。很快，时间就慢了下来。空虚的时光在我面前拉长，我感觉和所有人、所有事都断了联系。
It was scary at first. Then somehow I began to feel free. The things that I had time for! I finally picked up the classic novel I had always wanted to read and was soon lost in the beautiful language. I kept a journal of my feelings,thoughts and daily activities to see how much progress I was making. I went out for a run and felt more alive than I had in days. The details of the scene were revealed in front of me: the soft sunlight, a bird singing from a high tree branch, the rich and earthy smell of the soil after the rain. Best of allj began t appreciate the beauty in life with my own eyes, instead of through my smartphone camera.
一开始很恐慌。然后不知怎的我开始感受到自由。我有时间可以做些事了！我终于重拾那本我一直都想读的名著小说，很快就沉浸在它优美的语言中。我用日记记录自己的感受、思绪和日常活动，看看自己都取得了多大的进步。我出门跑步，感觉自己比前几天要更有活力。风景的细微之处在我面前一览无余：和煦的阳光，一只小鸟在高高的树枝上歌唱，还有雨后浓郁的泥土的芬芳。最棒的是，我开始通过自己的双眼，而不是手机的摄像头，来欣赏生活中的美。
My offline relationships benefited as well.I went for a long walk with an old friend. Our wide ranging conversation
went so much deeper than brief texts ever could. With eyes no longer fixed on our phones, we had a chance to really enjoy each other's company. I also made sure to spend more time with my parents. We went to the opera, played badminton, and visited museums. One night, my mother took out some family photos and we laughed about old times. I brought them up to date with what was going on in my life. We had never felt closer to each other.
我的线下人际关系也受益良多。我和一位老友散了很长时间的步。我们话题广泛的交谈比简短的信息沟通要深刻得多。眼睛不再盯着手机，我们得以真正享受彼此的陪伴。我也确保留出更多的时间和父母一起度过。我们去看了歌剧，打了羽毛球，参观了博物馆。有天晚上，我妈拿出了几张家庭合影，回忆往昔，我们开怀大笑。我也让他们知悉最近我生活中发生了哪些事。我们觉得彼此从未如此亲密过。
By the end of the week, I almost did not want to turn my phone back on. Those seven days have given me a great appreciation for life beyond the screen. Real life-and real relationships-are more important to me now. I cannot escape from the modern world, but I can cut back on the amount of time I spend on my smartphone every day, and I do. Life beyond smartphones is richer and more beautiful, and I am going to take advantage of it.
那周快结束时，我几乎不想再打开手机了。这七天的经历让我得以好好享受屏幕之外的生活。现在，真实的生活和真实的人际关系对我来说更为重要。我无法逃离现代世界，但我可以减少每天花在手机上的时间，我说到做到。智能手机以外的生活更丰富也更美妙，我要善加利用。
U4 Reading Chinese scientist wins 2015 Nobel Prize 中国科学家赢得2015诺贝尔奖By Dina Conner 11 December 2015
Tu Youyou has become the first female scientist of the Peoples Republic of China to receive a Nobel Prize,awarded for her contribution to the fight against malria, one of the deadliest diseases in human history. Thanks to her discovery of qinghaosu, malaria patients all over the world now have had a greatly increased chance of survival.
屠呦呦成为中华人民共和国首位获得诺贝尔奖的女科学家。她获奖是因为她为抗击疟疾所做出的贡献一一疟疾是人类历史上最致命的疾病之一。得益于她发现的青蒿素,如今全世界疟疾患者的存活率大大提高。
Born in 1930, in Ningbo, Zhejiang Province, Tu studied medicine at university in Beijing between 1951 and 1955. After graduation, she worked at the Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine. She completed further training courses in traditional Chinese medicine,acquiring a broad knowledge of both traditional Chinese medicine and Western medicine.
1930年，屠呦呦出生于浙江宁波。1951年至1955年，屠呦呦在北京读大学，学习药学。毕业后，她在中医研究院工作。她完成了中医领域的培训课程深造，获得了广泛的中西医知识。
Tu's education was soon to prove very useful. In the 1960s, many people were dying of malaria, and in 1969 Tu became head of a team that intended to find a cure for the disease. She collected over 2,000 traditional Chinese medical recipes for malaria treatment and made hundreds of extracts from different herbs. When they failed to produce any promising results, Tu referred to the ancient books of traditional Chinese medicine again.
屠呦呦接受的教育很快被证明非常有用。20世纪60年代，许多人死于疟疾，于是1969年屠呦呦担任了一个旨在找到疟疾疗法的小组的组长。她收集了2,000多种治疗疟疾的中药配方，并从不同的草药中获取了数百种提取物。当这些未能取得任何有希望的效果时，屠呦呦就再次査阅中医典籍。
Inspired by an over 1,600-year-old text about preparing qinghao extract with cold water,Tu redesigned the experiments and tried extracting the herb at a low temperature in order not to damage its effective part. On 4 October 1971, after 190 failures, she succeeded in making qinghao extract that could treat malaria in mice.
在一本1,600多年前的典籍中，关于用冷水制备青蒿提取物的记载给了屠呦呦启发，她重新设计了试验, 并尝试在低温下对这种草药进行提取，以不损害其有效成分。1971年10月4日，在历经190次失败之后，她成功制
备出可以治疗老鼠疟疾的青菖提取物。
However, it was hard to produce enough qinghao extract for large trials because research resources were limited. Tu and her team managed to find solutions to the problem. When there was no research equipment, they had to extract herbs using household water containers.They worked day and night and their health began to suffer because of the poor conditions, but they never gave up.
然而，由于研究资源有限，很难制造出足够的青蒿提取物用于大规模试验。屠呦呦团队成功找到了解决这个问题的方法•当时没有研究设备，他们只好用家用储水的容器来提取草药。他们夜以继日地工作，由于条件恶劣，他们的健康开始受损，但却从未放弃。
Even with large amounts of qinghao extract produced, however, they still faced another problem. The trials on patients were likely to be postponed because they did not have sufficient safety data. To speed up the process and ensure its safety, Tu and her team volunteered to test qinghao extract on themselves first.
然而，即使制造了大量的青蒿提取物，他们仍然面临着另外一个问题。由于没有足够的安全数据，对患者的试验可能会推迟。为了加快进度并保证其安全性，屠呦呦和她的团队自愿先在他们自己身上试验青蒿提取物。
The efforts of Tu and her team finally paid off. In November 1972, through trial and error, they successfully discovered qinghaosu-the most effective part of the qinghao extract. As a key part of many malaria medicines, qinghaosu has since benefited about 200 million malaria patients.More than 40 years after its discovery, Tu was eventually awarded a Nobel Prize for her work. In her Nobel Lecture,she encouraged scientists to further explore the treasure house of traditional Chinese medicine and raise it to a higher level. Perhaps the next generation of scientists, drawing on the wisdom of traditional Chinese medicine, will indeed discover more medicines beneficial to global health care.
屠哟哟团队的努力最终得到了回报。1972年11月，经过反复试验，他们成功发现了青蒿素一一青蒿提取物中最有效的成分。作为许多抗疟药物中的关键成分，青蒿素迄今己经造福了近2亿疟疾患者。在发现青蒿素40多年后，屠呦呦终于因此获得了诺贝尔奖。在她的获奖演讲上，屠呦呦鼓励科学家们进一步探索中医这座宝库，并让其更上一层楼。也许新一代的科学家汲取中医的智慧，确实能发现更多有益于全世界医疗的药物。
U4 Extended reading The Value of Science 科学的价值
When I was younger, I thought science would make good things for everybody. It was obviously useful; it was good. But then during the war I worked on the atomic bomb. This result of science was obviously very serious-it represented the destruction of people and it put our future at risk. I had to ask myself, “Is there some evil involved in science?"
在我还很年轻的时候，我以为科学会给每个人都带来好处。科学显然是有用的；有好的一面。但随后在战争期间，我从事了原子弹的研究。这个科学的成果又明摆着有很大危险性一一它意味着人的毁灭，并使我们的未来岌岌可危。我不得不扪心自问：“科学之中是不是也包含罪恶？”
Put another way,what is the value of the science | had long devoted myself to-the thing I had loved-when I saw what terrible things it could do? It was a question I had to answer. I thought long and hard about this question, and I will try to answer it in this talk.
换言之，在我发现科学可能造成的恶果之后，我一直投身其中的科学，我曾经的挚爱，价值何在？这是一个我不得不回答的问题。关于这个问题，我苦思冥想了很久，我将试着在这次演讲中给出解答。
The first way in which science is of value is familiar to everyone: scientific knowledge enables us to do and make all kinds of things. Of course, if we make good things, it is not only to the credit of science;it is also to the credit of the moral choice which led us to good work.Scientific knowledge is an enabling power to do either good or bad-but it does not carry instructions on how to apply it. Such power has obvious value-even though the power may be negated by what one does
with it.
科学体现价值的第一种方式对每个人而言都耳熟能详：科学知识让我们能够做各种各样的事，造不同种类的东西。当然，如果我们做了好事，不仅归功于科学，还归功于引导我们行善的道德选择。科学知识是一种让我们可以行善也可以作恶的力量一一但是该如何运用，它并未自带说明书。这样的力量其价值显而易见，尽管，这力量会被某人用它所做的事否定。
Another value of science is the intellectual enjoyment it can provide us with. When we look at any question deeply enough, we feel the excitement and mystery coming to us again and again. With more knowledge comes a deeper, more wonderful mystery, inspiring one to look deeper still. Never concerned that the answer may let us down, with pleasure and confidence we turn over each new stone to find unimagined strangeness leading on to more wonderful questions and mysteries.Thanks to the scientific effort, we have been led to imagine all sorts of things more fantastic than poets and dreamers of the past ever could.
科学的另一种价值在于它能够给予我们以智力的享受。当我们足够深入地探究某个问题时，我们会感到兴奋和神秘不断地扑面而来。随新知而来的是更深刻、更精妙的奥秘，激励我们更深入地去探究。我们从不担心答案会令人失望，带着愉悦和信心，我们翻开每一块新的石头去发现意想不到的奇妙，它们指向更多精妙的问题与奥秘。有赖于在科学付出的努力，我们在其引领下构想出形形色色的东西，远比过去任何一位诗人和梦想家的想象更加美妙。
I would now like to turn to a third value that science has. The scientist has a lot of experience with ignorance and doubt and uncertainty, and this experience is of very great importance. When a scientist doesn't know the answer to a problem,he is ignorant. When he has an idea as to what the result is, he is uncertain. And when he is pretty sure of what the result is going to be, he is still in some doubt.
现在，我要说到科学的第三种价值。科学家经常会经历无知、怀疑和不确定，而这种经历非常重要。当科学家不知道某个问题的答案时，他是无知的。当他对于结果是什么有主意时，他是不确定的。当他非常确信结果将会怎样时，他仍旧有所怀疑。
Now, we scientists take it for granted that it is perfectly possible to live and not know. But our freedom to doubt was born out of a deep and strong struggle against authority in the early days of science. In order to progress, we must not forget the importance of this struggle; we must recognize our ignorance and leave room for doubt. Permit us to question-to doubt-to not be sure. It is our responsibility as scientists, knowing the great progress that is the fruit of freedom of thought, to declare the value of this freedom; to teach how doubt is not to be feared but to be welcomed and discussed; and to demand this freedom as our duty to all coming generations.
如今，我们科学家理所当然地认为，生而有所不知是完全有可能的。但是我们怀疑的自由，脱胎于早年间科学为对抗权威展开的深刻而强硬的斗争。为了进步，我们切不可忘记这场斗争的重要性；我们必须认识到自己的无知，并且为怀疑留出一席之地。要允许我们提I、可一一，环疑一一不确定。作为科学家我们深知伟大的进步是思想自由的成果，我们有责任阐明这种自由的价值；我们有责任教导人们怀疑不可怕，它值得欢迎和探讨；我们更有责任强烈要求这一自由，这就是我们对后世的义务。
(Adapted from a public lecture by Richard Feynman,an American scientist who won the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1965)
(改编自1965年诺贝尔物理学奖得主、美国科学家理査德-费曼的公开演讲)
Unit 1 Fog Fog warning When Polly left home that morning, the city was already covered in a grey mist. At lunch, the radio forecast that the mist would become a thick fog in the afternoon. At four o'clock, Polly left work and stepped out into the fog .She wondered if the buses would still be running. No buses to King Street Once out in the street, she walked quickly towards her usual bus stop. ‘ How far are you going?’ the bus conductor asked her before he took her fare. ‘ King Street.’ said Polly. ‘ Sorry , Miss ’ replied the man, ‘ the truth is that it is too foggy for the bus to run that far. Take the Underground to Green Park. The weather might be better there and you might be able to get a taxi. ’ A tall man As Polly observed the passengers on the train, she had a feeling that she was being watched by a tall man in a dark overcoat. At last the train arrived at Green Park station. While the rest of the passengers were getting out, she glanced at the faces around her. The tall man was nowhere to be soon. Footsteps When Polly got to the station entrance, it was empty. Outside, wherever she looked the fog lay like a thick, grey cloud. There was no one in sight. Polly set off towards Park
Unit1 Reading知识点精讲精练 一、重点短语（reading部分） 1. a sea of 大量的，大片的/alive with 充满，到处都是（活的或动的东西） 【教材原句】Welcome to the jungle, a huge se a of green alive with the sounds of animal s. (P2) [译文]欢迎来到亚马孙雨林，这是一片绿色的海洋，到处都可以听到动物发出的声音。 [功能注释]这是一个简单句。a huge sea of gree n alive with the sounds of animals是the jungle 的同位语。 【边学边练】选择sea的相关短语填空 (1)He was when he began his new job. (2)The ship hit an iceberg and buried . (3)Last Sunday, the students in class two .a sea of 大量的，大片的 [常见搭配] at sea 在茫茫大海上 all at sea 茫然不知所措 by sea 经海路 by the sea 在海边 go to the sea 去海滨(度假或野餐) go to sea 去当水手 【经典例句】 He looked down and saw a sea of smiling faces.他往下看，看到一片笑脸。 I'm all at sea. I can' t understand that proble. 我简直是一片茫然,我无法理解这个问题。 【边学边练】从右栏中选择适当填空 (1)He was the only man . (2)The are more important to us than the dead. (3)My mother bought a fish this morning.alive with 充满，到处都是（活的或动的东西）[易混辨析]alive/live/living aive:活着的,活的,其反义词为dead,指生命从奄奄一 息到精力旺盛的各种状态。 live:活着的,活的,通常作定语,指活生生的,生气勃勃的,还可表示现场直播的。 living:活着的,活的,其反义词为dead,指包括人和动 植物的生命没有消失、仍然存在的状态。 【经典例句】 The pond was alive with frogs. 池塘里满是青蛙。 The cat was playing with a live mouse. 猫在玩一只活老鼠。 Is Mrs. Smith still living? 史密斯太太还活着吗？
Unit 1 Reading The Amazon rainforest: a natural treasure 亚马孙雨林：大自然的宝藏 Welcome to the jungle, a huge sea of green alive with the sounds of animals. This is the Amazon rainforest. As the largest rainforest in the world, it plays a significant role in maintaining the fine balance of the Earth's ecosystem. 欢迎来到丛林，这是一片绿色的海洋，处处可闻各种动物的声音。这里是亚马孙雨林。作为世界上最大的雨林，它在维系地球生态系统的微妙平衡上扮演着举足轻重的角色。 The Amazon rainforest crosses into eight countries, including Brazil and Peru, and one overseas region of France, all on the South American continent. With an area of around 6 million square kilometres , the Amazon rainforest is more than half the size of China. The Amazon River, from which the rainforest gets its name, is close to 6,400 kilometres in length-roughly 100 kilometres longer than the Yangtze River. On its journey from the mountains to the ocean, the river supports many different ecosystems. They give this area the richest biodiversity on the Earth: one in ten known species in the world can be found here. 亚马孙雨林穿过包括巴西、秘鲁在内的八个国家，以及一块法国的海外领地，都位于南美洲大陆。亚马孙雨林的面积约为600万平方千米，比中国国土面积的一半还要大。亚马孙雨林得名于亚马孙河，亚马孙河长约6,400千米，比长江还长大约100千米。这条河从高山流向海洋，沿途维系着多种不同的生态系统。它们赋予这片区域地球上最丰富的生物多样性：全世界十分之一的己知物种，都可以在这里找到。 Of the 390,000 plant species known to us, more than 40,000 can be found in the Amazon. This tall and ancient brazil nut tree produces nuts that we can eat; these water lilies are big enough to lie down on. The forest's different levels support an unbelievable variety of wildlife. At the bottom, there is a system of roots beneath the ground. Above that is the mass of leaf litter on the dark forest floor. The nextlevel is made up of shorter plants with large leaves. Then there are the towering ancient hardwoods, and finally the tops of the tallest trees many metres above the ground. Each level of the forest forms its own little world, home to different kinds of living things. 在人类己知的390,000种植物物种中，在亚马孙可以找到40,000多种。这棵高大、古老的巴西坚果树结出的坚果我们可以食用；这些睡莲（叶片）大到可以躺在上面。雨林的不同层次养活的野生动物种类多到难以置信。最底层是地下的根系。往上是阴暗森林地表厚实的落叶层。再往上一层由低矮的阔叶植物组成。然后是高耸、古老的阔叶树，最后是那些离地数米之高的大树的树冠。雨林的每一层都自成一个小世界，成为各种生物的家园。 More than 1,300 species of birds and over 400 species of mammals hide among the jungle's plant life. This jaguar is one example. It has a yellowish-brown coat with black spots. While a significant number of jaguars survive here, they are only one on at least 87 species, including frogs. These frogs, in turn, feed on insects which eat leaves and fruit. When a jaguar dies, a tiny army of microorganisms helps break down its body and return the nutrients to the earth. 1,300多种鸟和400多种哺乳动物藏身于这片丛林的植被中。这只美洲豹就是个例子。它黄棕色的皮毛上遍布着黑点。尽管这里生存着数量可观的美洲豹，但它们仅仅是雨林食物链上的一环。它们捕食的物种至少有87种，其中包括青蛙.相应地，这些青蛙的食物，是以树叶和水果为食的昆虫。美洲豹死后，一小支微生物军队会助力其尸体的分解，让营养素重回土壤之中。
牛津译林高中英语课文译林牛津高中英语必修模 块1-模块5课文翻译 导读：就爱阅读网友为您分享以下“译林牛津高中英语必修模块1-模块5课文翻译”资讯，希望对您有所帮助，感谢您对https://www.doczj.com/doc/2119356454.html,的支持! 牛津高中英语各模块课文翻译 M 1 Unit 1 School life in the UK英国校园生活 在英国上了一年的中学对我来说是一段非常令人愉快和兴奋的经历。我很满意英国的上学时间，因为那里是大约9点开始上学，下午3：30放学，这意味着我可以比平常晚起床一个小时，因为在中国8点之前就开始上课了。 在第一天，所有新生在学校礼堂集合，我坐在一个叫做戴安娜的女孩旁边，我们很快就成为了好朋友。在集合期间，校长告诉我们关于学校的规章制度，他还告诉我们，在学校要想赢得别人的尊重，最好的方法就是努力学习，取得高分，
这一点听起来跟中国的学校差不多。 在过去的一年里，我有很多的老师，黑伍德先生，也就是我的班主任，对我很有帮助；我最喜欢的老师是伯尔克小姐，我喜欢她教的英国文学课。在我们班有28个同学，这差不多是英国学校的平均班额。我们在不同的教室上不同的课，上某些课的时候，班上的同学也不一样，所以对我来说记住所有人的面孔和名字是一件难事。 我发现这里布置的家庭作业不像我以前在原来学校时那么繁重，可是一开始我还是觉得有点挑战性，因为所有的作业都是英文的。让我感到幸运的是，所有老师都给了我极大的鼓励，也喜欢所学的科目：英语、历史、英国文学，计算机，数学、科学、体育、艺术、烹饪和法语。 我的英语提高了很多，因为我每天都使用英语而且我每天花一小时在图书馆看英语书，我经常在中午休息的时候去计算机俱乐部，这样我就可以免费给国内你的家人和朋友发邮件了。我还在每周二的晚上有一节法语课，烹饪课也很有趣，因为我可以学到如何购买、准备和烹饪食物，在学期末，我们有举行班级聚会，我们都需要做一些食物，让我很高兴的是我同学都很喜欢我做的蛋糕。 那里的学生必须要学数学、英语和科学，但是可以不学一些他们不喜欢的科目，例如历史和法语。他们可以选择像艺术和计算机技术等课程，或者像西班牙语和德语等语言类课
M3U1 Nature in the balance II ●课前导入-课文语法填空 根据P2-3教材课文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 As the __1__（large）rainforest in the world, the Amazon rainforest plays an important part __2__ maintaining the balance of the Earth’s ecosystem. The Amazon River, from __3__ the rainforest gets its name, supports many different ecosystems, __4__（give）this area the richest biodiversity on the Earth. From the tall and ancient Brazil nut trees to the water lilies, the forest’s different levels provide food and shelter for __5__ great variety of wildlife. The Amazon rainforest is also home to more than 1, 300 species of birds and over 400 species of mammals. For example, the jaguar, close to extinction in other areas, can __6__（find）here. __7__（know）as the “lungs of the planet”, the Amazon rainforest __8__（breathe）life into the planet by fixing carbon and producing over 20 per cent of all the Earth’s oxygen. __9__, 17 per cent of the rainforest has disappeared due to human __10__（activity）such as agriculture and cattle farming. 【答案】1. largest 2. in 3. which 4. giving 5. a 6. be found 7. Known 8. breathes 9. However 10. activities ●课中讲解 I.根据词性和汉语提示，写出下列单词 1．apply vt. 应用；涂抹vi. 申请→application n. 应用，运用；申请→applicant n. 申请人 2．organize vt. 组织，筹备；安排→organization n. 组织，团体；组织工作；安排；条理 3．defend vt. & vi. 保护，防御vt. 辩解→defence n. 辩解；防御，保护→defensive adj. 防御的，保护的 4．economy n. 经济；节约，节俭→economic adj. 经济的，经济上的；可赚钱的→economical adj. 经济的，实惠的；节俭的→economist n. 经济学家 5．official n. 官员，要员adj. 公务的；正式的，官方的→officially adv. 官方地，正式地 6．poison n. 毒死，毒害n. 毒药，毒物→poisonous adj. 有毒的 7．concern vt. 影响；涉及；让（某人）担忧n. 担心，忧虑；关心；（对人、组织等）重要的事情→concerned adj. 忧虑的，关心的；关切的，关注的→concerning prep. 关于…… 8．profit vi. 获益；对……有用（或有益）n. 利润，利益；好处→profitable adj. 盈利的；有好处的
Unit 3 Reading Sailing the oceans 航海 Zheng He 郑和 In the summer of 1405, Zheng He, one of China’s greatest explorers, set sail from Taicang on his first voyage. A fleet of over 200 ships navigated the blue seas, with almost 28,000 people on board, which was a splendid scene. It would take 500 years before a larger fleet sailed the seas. According to some records, the largest ships were over 140 metres in length, demonstrating the advanced technology and special skills used in constructing ships. 1405年夏天，郑和，中国最伟大的探险家之一，从太仓启航，开始了他的第一次航行。一支拥有200多艘船只的舰队在蓝色的海洋上航行，船上有近28，000人，一派壮丽的景象。直到500年后，才有更大的舰队在海上航行。根据一些记录，最大的船只长度超过140米，展示出当时用于建造船舶的先进技术和特殊技艺。 Between 1405 and 1433, on behalf of the Ming Dynasty, Zheng He made a total of seven voyages. His ships were loaded with china, silk, tea and other treasures as gifts for foreign rulers, and the fleet paid friendly visits to more than 30 countries and regions. He even sailed as far as the east coast of Africa. As they sailed, the navigators took compass readings, kept logs of their voyages and charted the coast. Later the detailed maps became Zheng He’s Navigation Map. 1405年至1433年间，郑和代表明朝共出航七次。他的船上满载着瓷器、丝绸、茶叶和其他珍宝作为礼物送给外国统治者，舰队对30多个国家和地区进行了友好访问。他甚至远航到非洲东海岸。当他们航行时，领航员记录罗盘读数、记录航行日志并绘制海岸图。后来这些祥细的地图就成了《郑和航海图》。 Zheng He’s seven voyages had a far-reaching impact on China and its neighbours. In the countries and regions where Zheng He set foot, legends have been passed on about this great explorer. Zheng He’s efforts helped develop and strengthen harmonious relations with these countries and regions, exposing foreign people to Chinese culture, and allowing the Chinese to better understand overseas lands. 郑和七下西洋对中国及其周边国家产生了深远的影响。在郑和到过的国家和地区，关于这位伟大探险家的传说代代相传。郑和的努力有助于发展和加强与这些国家和地区的和谐关系，让外国人接触中国文化，也让中国人更好地了解国外。 For many years, some historians dismissed the records of these voyages as legends. The final proof came when an enormous shipyard was discovered in Nanjing, where the fleet had been built. Zheng He’s accomplishments are now widely acknowledged, and he is remembered as one of China’s most influential explorers. 多年来，一些历史学家把这些航海记录当作传说而不予理会。最终的证据是在南京发现了一个巨大的造船厂，这支舰队就是在那里建造而成。郑和的成就现在得到广泛认可，他也作为
Unit 1 Nature in the balance 1.harm /hɑːm/ n. & vt. 伤害，损害(1) 2.soil /sɔɪl/ n. 土壤；国土，领土，土地(1) 3.ecosystem /ˈiːkəʊsɪstəm/ n. 生态系统(2) 4.overseas /ˌəʊvəˈsiːz/ adj. 海外的，国外的adv. 向（在）海外，向（在）国外(2) 5.region /ˈriːdʒən/ n. 地区，区域；行政区(2) 6.continent /ˈkɒntɪnənt/ n. 大陆，陆地；洲(2) https://www.doczj.com/doc/2119356454.html,lion /ˈmɪljən/ n. 一百万；许多，大量(2) 8.length /leŋθ/ n. 长，长度；时间的长短；篇幅，（电影）片长(2) 9.biodiversity /ˌbaɪəʊdaɪˈvɜːsəti/ n. 生物多样性(2) 10.species /ˈspiːʃiːz/ n. (pl. species) 种，物种(2) 11.nut /nʌt/ n. 坚果(3) 12.brazil nut 巴西坚果(3) 13.lily /ˈlɪli/ n. 百合（花）(3) 14.water lily 睡莲(3) 15.variety /vəˈraɪəti/ n. 不同种类；变化，多样性；变种，变体(3) 16.wildlife /ˈwaɪldlaɪf/ n. 野生动植物，野生生物(3) 17.beneath /bɪˈniːθ/ prep. 在…下面，在…下方；配不上(3) 18.mass /mæs/ n. 大量；团，块，堆；一大群adj. 大批的，广泛的(3) 19.towering /ˈtaʊərɪŋ/ adj. 高大的，高耸的；出色的(3) 20.hardwood /ˈhɑːdwʊd/ n. 阔叶树；硬材（阔叶树的木材）(3) 21.living /ˈlɪvɪŋ/ adj. 活着的，活的；在使用的n. 生计，谋生；生活方式(3) 22.mammal /ˈmæml/ n. 哺乳动物(3) 23.jaguar /ˈdʒæɡjuə(r)/ n. 美洲豹，美洲虎(3) 24.survive /səˈvaɪv/ vi. 生存，存活vt. 幸存，幸免于难(3) 25.frog /frɒɡ/ n. 蛙，青蛙(3) 26.in turn 相应地，转而(3)
濒危遗产 欢迎大家！很高兴来到这里。在我们开始之前，我想问大家一个问题:您曾为自然奇观惊叹过吗?您曾为人类文明感到着迷吗?如果是这样的话，您可能已经明白为什么联合国教科文组织正在努力保护对人类具有重要意义的文化和自然遺址。我相信你们中有些人听说过联合国教科文组织目录中的文化遗产，甚至可能参观过某一个遗址！目前，在全球160多个国家，有大约1100处文化遗产。不幸的是，这些文化遗产面临着各种危险，其中许多亟须保护。让我们来看看一些具体的问题。 自然力威胁着文化遗产。长期的自然力，如风、水和温度，都会逐渐侵蚀这些遗产。例如，吉萨大金字塔现在比原来矮了好几米。自然灾害，即突然而强大的自然也可能破坏遗产:2003年，伊朗东南部发生了一场可怕的地震，摧毁了大部分巴姆城堡，巴姆城堡是一处极好的联合国教科文组织文化遗产。 另一个重要的危险因素是人类活动。战争会对文化和自然产造成很大的破坏。有时，令人惊叹的古代泥塑和建筑会在暴力活动期间意外地被导弹摧毁。在一些经常爆发内战的冲突地区，武装分子甚至蓄意破坏遗产。 同时，世界文化遗产的重要地位也可能引发一系列问题。其中一个问题就是大量的游客。每年有数百万的游客前往联合国教科文组织世界遗产地旅游，所以这些遗产地遭受一些磨损和破坏是很自然的事。柬埔寨吴哥的庙宇是独特建筑的典型代表。每天，成千上万的游客爬上狭窄的石阶，磨损了这些古老的建筑，且长此以往可能给内部结构带来无法修复的破坏。 由于人口的增长，对产品的生产和消费的需求增加。广泛的发展将我们的文化和自然遗产置于危险境地。许多文化遗产甚至面临永远消失的危险。以奥地利的维也纳历史中心为例。自16世纪以来，维也纳这座城市就被视为欧洲的音乐之都，莫扎特和贝多芬等人都曾在此处居住。由于维也纳市中心的高层建筑项目，维也那历史中心现在已被列入《世界濒危遗产名录》。 这些危险不仅会对遗址本身，也会对人们造成灾难性的后果。例如，澳大利亚东北海岸的大堡礁是一处面临危险的自然遗产。由于全球变暖导致海水温度升高，大量珊瑚死亡，大堡礁的部分区域受到严重影响，也破坏了其脆弱的自然生态。大堡不仅是众多海洋物种的家园，还能促进当地旅游业和渔业的发展，提供了许多就业机会。它还有助于保护海岸线免受海浪和洪水的侵袭。如果珊瑚礁消失了，许多人的生活甚至他们的家都将遭受巨大的损失。 遗产保护是造福全人类的头等大事。我们越能认识到遗产的突出普世价值，我们就越有可能尊重它们。这些遗产地是我们世界的伟大奇迹，讲述着人类文明的故
牛津新教材选修三Unit3 Reading Chinese characters:foundation of a remarkable writing system In the year 1899, some mystical symbols carved on oracle bones attracted the attention of a scholar in Beijing. That was when people first began to realize the significance of these beautiful inscriptions. Since then, the mystery surrounding the origin of Chinese characters, the foundation of a remarkable writing system, has started to be revealed. These oracle bone inscriptions, the earliest form of Chinese characters ever found to this day, are clear proof that the history of the Chinese writing system stretches back about 3,500 years. The inscriptions are highly complex, suggesting that earlier forms are yet to be discovered. All we have at the moment, however, is the legend of Cang Jie, who is said to have invented the first characters about 5,000 years ago. Legend has it that he saw animal tracks in the ground, and began drawing pictures of objects in nature, such as the moon, the sun and the trees. Not surprisingly, the earliest Chinese characters were the fruits of our ancestors' careful observation and striking imagination. The Chinese character shan, for example, is simply a drawing of a mountain. However, our ancestors found not everything was convenient to draw as a concrete image, so another way of forming Chinese characters was developed to represent abstract concepts. Some characters were created by adding symbols like a dot or a line to an existing pictographic character to indicate things. For instance,the characters shang and xia indicate things on top of and below a line. Gradually, these characters were far from enough to describe the colourful and diverse world,so a new way of forming characters was developed by putting together different characters to indicate a new meaning. An example of this is the character ming, which combines ri for “sun" and yue for "moon" to express the meaning of being bright. These types of characters indicate meaning, but they do not provide clues about their pronunciation. Another group of characters were created by combining meaning and pronunciation.In hu,the Chinese character for “lake”, for instance, the left part indicates the meaning and the right part the pronunciation. This method made it easier to create new characters, so most Chinese characters today belong to this group. Since their creation, Chinese characters have been evolving consistently, increasing in practical value as a communicative tool. About 1,000 years after the oracle bone inscriptions were used during the Shang Dynasty, Qinshihuang unified China and Xiaozhuan was made the official writing style of the Qin Dynasty. Then Lishu became a mainstream style of writing in the Han Dynasty. The evolution from Xiaozhuan to Lishu marked a revolutionary transformation from ancient characters
牛津译林版必修第三册全册学案 Unit 1 Nature in the balance .................................................................................................... - 1 - Unit 2 Natural disasters .......................................................................................................... - 34 - Unit 3 The world online .......................................................................................................... - 69 - Unit 4 Scientists who changed the world ............................................................................. - 107 - Unit 1 Nature in the balance Vocabulary and the whole unit Ⅰ.匹配词义 A．单词匹配 ()1.soil A．n.昆虫 ()2.continent B．n.地区，区域；行政区 ()https://www.doczj.com/doc/2119356454.html,lion C．prep.在……下面， 在……下方；配不上 ()4.species D．n.营养素，营养物 ()5.nutrient E．n.土壤；国土，领土，土地 ()6.wildlife F．n.种，物种 ()7.beneath G．n.野生动植物，野生生物 ()8.extinction H．n.大陆，陆地，洲 ()9.insect I．num.一百万；许多，大量 ()10.region J．n.灭绝，绝种 [答案]1－5EHIFD6－10GCJAB B.短语匹配 ()1.in turn A．逐渐增加，扩大 ()2.break down B．相应地，转而 ()3.breathe life into C．由于，因为 ()4.due to D．使分解(为)，使变化(成)
2020新译林版高中英语必修一Unit3 Reading翻译 UNIT 3 Getting along with others Reading Friendship on the rock: please advise! Amy Monday 12/10 9:13 p.m. My best friend and I have been close for eight years. When I was an awkward primary school student, she was the popular girl who was willing to make friends with me. Since then, a close friendship has grown between us and she’s been almost like a sister to me. Whether we’re walking to school, doing homework or just hanging out at the weekend, we’re hardly out of each other’s sight. But last Saturday, she broke my heart, and I’m still picking up the pieces. Our original plan was to see a film at the cinema that afternoon. But in the morning, my friend posted a message on social media saying she had a cold. When I called her, she said she might not be able to make it to the cinema. “Don’t worry,”I said.“Get some rest. We can wait till you get better.” Today, however, I received a horrible surprise. A classmate told me she had seen my friend chatting with another girl in a caféon Saturday afternoon. How stupid I was! My friend’s “illness”was a complete lie! Instead of recovering at home, she was out having fun with someone else. I was so angry that I avoided her during school all day, and I still don’t feel like responding to any of her online messages. The stress of this situation is killing me, and I’m at a loss what to do next. Cindy Monday 12/10 9:52 p.m. I’m so sorry! But this friendship is worth saving: eight years is a long time! Don’t be so quick to judge your friend.Perhaps she knows she’s in the wrong and wants to apologize, or maybe she has a simple explanation for her behaviour. In any case, find an opportunity to havea full and frank talk with her. Listen to what she has to say, and be sure to explain how you feel. I’m sure you can solve this problem together. David Tuesday 13/10 8:11 p.m. I definitely understand how you feel. I also had a friend whom I trusted a lot. When I found out that I was tricked byhim, I was really hurt and let go of our friendship. I know you value your friendship and want your friend to value it equally. However, if your friend ignores your feelings or makes you suffer, it’s time to rethink yourrelationship. Talk to her and decide whether this friendship is still important to you. It’s sad to move on, but you have to accept that friends come and go in life. 友谊在岩石上：请指教！ 艾米 星期一12/10 9:13 pm 我和我最好的朋友已经快八年了。当我还是一个笨拙的小学学生时，她是一个受欢迎的女孩，她愿意和我