越有钱越无情
It's amazing what a rigged game of Monopoly can reveal. In this entertaining but sobering talk, social psychologist Paul Piff shares his research into how people behave when they feel wealthy. (Hint: badly.) But while the problem of inequality is a complex and daunting challenge, there's good news too. (Filmed at TEDx Marin.)
一个被操纵的大富翁游戏能告诉我们的东西竟然有那么多！在这个有趣且发人深省的演讲中，社会心理学家保罗-皮夫分享了他对于“人感到富有时如何表现”的研究结果（暗示：很坏）。在面对异常复杂、异常严峻的不平等问题的同时，我们也听到了好的消息。。（摄于TEDx加州马林县）
Paul Piff studies how social hierarchy, inequality and emotion shape relations between individuals and groups.
Why you should listen:
Paul Piff is an Assistant Professor of Psychology and Social Behavior at the University of California, Irvine. In particular, he studies how wealth (having it or not having it) can affect interpersonal relationships.
His surprising studies include running rigged games of Monopoly, tracking how those who drive expensive cars behave versus those driving less expensive vehicles and even determining that rich people are literally more likely to take candy from children than the less well-off. The results often don't paint a pretty picture about the motivating forces of wealth. He writes, "specifically, I have been finding that increased wealth and status in society lead to increased self-focus and, in turn, decreased compassion, altruism, and ethical behavior."
What others say:
“When was the last time, as Piff puts it, that you prioritized your own interests above the interests of other people? Was it yesterday, when you barked at the waitress for not delivering your cappuccino with sufficient promptness? Perhaps it was last week, when, late to
work, you zoomed past a mom struggling with a stroller on the subway stairs and justified your heedlessness with a ruthless but inarguable arithmetic: Today, the 9 a.m. meeting has got to come first; that lady’s stroller can’t be my problem. Piff is one of a new generation of scientists—psychologists, economists, marketing professors, and neurobiologists—who are exploiting this moment of unprecedented income inequality to explore behaviors like those. ” —Lisa Miller, New York Magazine
演讲稿正文
I want you to, for a moment, think about playing a game of Monopoly, except in this game, that combination of skill, talent and luck that help earn you success in games, as in life, has been rendered irrelevant, because this game's been rigged, and you've got the upper hand. You've got more money, more opportunities to move around the board, and more access to resources. And as you think about that experience, I want you to ask yourself, how might that experience of being a privileged player in a rigged game change the way that you think about yourself and regard that other player?
我想让大家花一点时间，想想一下自己正在玩大富翁游戏。只不过在这个游戏里面，那些帮助你赢的游戏的因素，比如技巧、才能和运气在此无关紧要，就像对于人生一样，因为这个游戏被操纵了，而你已经占了上风，你有更多的钱，有更多在棋盘上移动的机会以及更对获得资源的机会。在你想象这一经历的过程中，我想让大家问一下自己，一个被操纵的游戏里面作为优势玩家的经历会如何改变你思考自己和对待对手的方式？
So we ran a study on the U.C. Berkeley campus to look at exactly that question. We brought in more than 100 pairs of strangers into the lab, and with the flip of a coin randomly assigned one of the two to be a rich player in a rigged game. They got two times as much money. When they passed Go, they collected twice the salary, and they got to roll both dice instead of one, so they got to move around the board a lot more. (Laughter) And over the course of 15 minutes, we watched through hidden cameras what happened. And what I want to do today, for the first time, is show you a little bit
of what we saw. You're going to have to pardon the sound quality, in some cases, because again, these were hidden cameras. So we've provided subtitles.
在加州大学伯克利分校，我们做了一个试验来研究这个问题。我们招募了100多对陌生人到实验室，通过投掷硬币的方式随机选中一对中的一个作为这个游戏中占上风的玩家。他们拿到了两倍的钱。当他们途径起点的时候，他们拿到两倍的工资，而且他们可以同时掷两个骰子而不是一个，所以他们可以在棋盘上移动更多。在接下来的15分钟内，我们通过隐藏的摄像头观察了现场情况。今天是第一次我想和大家分享一下我们观察到的，有的时候音质可能不太好，还请大家原谅，因为毕竟是用隐藏的摄像头，所以我们加上了字幕。
Rich Player: How many 500s did you have?
富玩家：你有多少张500块？
Poor Player: Just one.
穷玩家：就一张。
Rich Player: Are you serious.
富玩家：真的吗？
Poor Player: Yeah.
穷玩家：是的。
Rich Player: I have three. (Laughs) I don't know why they gave me so much.
富玩家：我有三张。（笑声）不知道为什么他们给了我这么多。
Paul Piff: Okay, so it was quickly apparent to players that something was up. One person clearly has a lot more money than the other person, and yet, as the game unfolded, we saw very notable differences and dramatic differences begin to emerge between the
two players. The rich player started to move around the board louder, literally smacking the board with their piece as he went around. We were more likely to see signs of dominance and nonverbal signs, displays of power and celebration among the rich players.
保罗.皮夫：所以，玩家们很快就意识到这个游戏明显有点奇怪。一个玩家比另一个玩家明显有更多的钱。随着游戏慢慢展开，我们观察到两个玩家开始有一些明显不同的表现。富的玩家明显在棋盘上移动的声音更大，移动的时候几乎是在狠狠砸棋盘。我们看到富玩家们“霸主”信号、肢体动作，权力的显示以及相互庆祝。
We had a bowl of pretzels positioned off to the side. It's on the bottom right corner there. That allowed us to watch participants' consummatory behavior. So we're just tracking how many pretzels participants eat.
我们在旁边放了一碗椒盐卷饼，就在右下角，这使得我们可以观察玩家吃椒盐卷饼的行为。我们就是看看玩家吃了多少椒盐卷饼。
Rich Player: Are those pretzels a trick?
富玩家：这些椒盐卷饼有什么猫腻吗？
Poor Player: I don't know.
穷玩家：不知道啊。
Okay, so no surprises, people are onto us. They wonder what that bowl of pretzels is doing there in the first place. One even asks, like you just saw, is that bowl of pretzels there as a trick? And yet, despite that, the power of the situation seems to inevitably dominate, and those rich players start to eat more pretzels.
保罗·皮夫：好吧，不出所料，大家觉得有问题。起先他们好奇那一碗椒盐卷饼为什么会在那里。就像你刚才看到的，其中有一个甚至问：这碗椒盐卷饼与什么猫腻吗？但尽管如此，整个现场的主导形势还是不可避免的。那些富的玩家开始吃更多的椒盐卷饼。
Rich Player: I love pretzels.
富玩家：我爱椒盐卷饼。
(Laughter)
（笑声）
And as the game went on, one of the really interesting and dramatic patterns that we observed begin to emerge was that the rich players actually started to become ruder toward the other person, less and less sensitive to the plight of those poor, poor players, and more and more demonstrative of their material success, more likely to showcase how well they're doing.
保罗·皮夫：游戏继续进行，我们发现了一个很明显的有趣现象，就是富玩家开始对另一个玩家表现得不友好，对那些可怜玩家的贫穷困境越来越不敏感，开始越来越频繁的炫富，更喜欢展示他们正在做的一切。
Rich Player: I have money for everything.
富玩家：我什么都买得起。
Poor Player: How much is that?
穷玩家：你有多少钱？
Rich Player: You owe me 24 dollars. You're going to lose all your money soon. I'll buy it. I have so much money. I have so much money, it takes me forever.
富玩家：你还欠我24块。你很快就要输光了。我要买它，我太多钱了那么多花都花不完的钱。
Rich Player 2: I'm going to buy out this whole board.
富玩家2：我要把整个棋盘都买下来。
Rich Player 3：You're going to run out of money soon. I'm pretty much untouchable at this point.
富玩家3：你很快就要没钱了。我已经差不多不可战胜了。
Okay, and here's what I think was really, really interesting, is that at the end of the 15 minutes, we asked the players to talk about their experience during the game. And when the rich players talked about why they had inevitably won in this rigged game of Monopoly -- (Laughter) —they talked about what they'd done to buy those different properties and earn their success in the game, and they became far less attuned to all those different features of the situation, including that flip of a coin that had randomly gotten them into that privileged position in the first place. And that's a really, really incredible insight into how the mind makes sense of advantage.
保罗·皮夫：下面是我觉得一个非常非常有有意思的现象。在15分钟要结束的时候，我们请玩家谈论他们在游戏中的经历。当玩家谈论他们在这个被操纵的游戏里面为什么必胜的时候（笑声）他们提到了自己为了买到不同地产和赢得游戏所作的努力而他们忽略了这个游戏一开始的不同形势也就是投掷硬币随即决定了他们哪一个获得优势，而这对我们理解大脑如何看待优势提供了非常好的启发。
Now this game of Monopoly can be used as a metaphor for understanding society and its hierarchical structure, wherein some people have a lot of wealth and a lot of status, and a lot of people don't. They have a lot less wealth and a lot less status and a lot less access to valued resources. And what my colleagues and I for the last seven years have been doing is studying the effects of these kinds of hierarchies. What we've been finding across dozens of studies and thousands of participants across this country is that as a person's levels of wealth increase, their feelings of compassion and empathy go down, and their feelings of entitlement, of deservingness, and their ideology of self-interest increases. In surveys, we found that it's actually wealthier individuals who are more likely to moralize greed being good, and that the pursuit of self-interest is favorable and moral. Now what I want to do today is talk about some of the implications of this ideology self-interest, talk about why we should care about those implications, and end with what might be done.
我们可以用这个大富翁的游戏作比喻来理解我们的社会以及社会分层，也就是有的人有大量的社会财富和地位而很多人没有，他们仅有很少的财富和地位以及很少获得宝贵资源的机会。我和我的同事在过去的7年里一直在做的就是研究这些不同层次的影响。全国范围内的大量研究都表明，当一个人的财富增加时，他们的同情心和同理心下降，而他们的优越感增加，也更注重个人利益。在调查中，我们发现，富有的人更可能把贪婪定义为好的，把对个人利益的追求定义为有利的，道德的。今天我想谈的就是这种个人利益思维的影响，谈谈为什么我们应该关注这些影响以及我们能做些什么。
Some of the first studies that we ran in this area looked at helping behavior, something social psychologists call pro-social behavior. And we were really interested in who's more likely to offer help to another person, someone who's rich or someone who's poor. In one of the studies, we bring in rich and poor members of the community into the lab and give each of them the equivalent of 10 dollars. We told the participants that they could keep these 10 dollars for themselves, or they could share a portion of it, if they wanted to, with a stranger who is totally anonymous. They'll never meet that stranger and the stranger will never meet them. And we just monitor how much people give. Individuals who made 25,000 sometimes under 15,000 dollars a year, gave 44 percent more of their money to the stranger than did individuals making 150,000 or 200,000 dollars a year.
我们在这一领域最初做的一些研究，观察了助人行为，社会心理学家称之为亲社会行为。我们很想知道什么人更倾向于给其他人提供帮助，富人还是穷人。其中一个研究，我们把一个社区的富人和穷人都带到了实验室，给了每个人十美元。我们告诉他们，他们可以把这十块钱给自己用，也可以把其中一部分拿出来分享。如果他们愿意的话，跟一个陌生人分享，一个永远不会再相见的陌生人。我们观察人们给了多少。那下年收入为25000甚至低于15000美元的人，而那些收入为15万甚至20万的人比起来多给了44%。
We've had people play games to see who's more or less likely to cheat to increase their chances of winning a prize. In one of the games, we actually rigged a computer so that die rolls over a certain score were impossible. You couldn't get above 12 in this game, and yet, the richer you were, the more likely you were to cheat in this game to earn credits toward a $50 cash prize, sometimes by three to four times as much.
我们还让人们玩游戏，看看什么人更可能为了赢得一个奖品而作弊。其中一个游戏，我们其实操纵了电脑使得某些数字不可能出现。这个游戏里面你不可能超过12。然而，越富有的人，越有可能在这个游戏中作弊去争取那个最终能够赢取50美元现金的分数，可能性甚至高达3到4倍。
We ran another study where we looked at whether people would be inclined to take candy from a jar of candy that we explicitly identified as being reserved for children -- (Laughter) —participating -- I'm not kidding. I know it sounds like I'm making a joke. We explicitly told participants this jar of candy's for children participating in a developmental lab nearby. They're in studies. This is for them. And we just monitored how much candy participants took. Participants who felt rich took two times as much candy as participants who felt poor.
我们还做了另一个实验，观察人们是否会从糖罐里面拿糖。糖罐上清楚地写着：给小朋友预留......（笑声）我是认真的，我知道这听上去像我在讲笑话，我们明确的告诉了参与者，这一罐糖是给隔壁发展中心的小朋友准备的，他们在实验中，这是给他们的。然后我们观察这些参与者拿了多少糖果，那些感觉富有的参与者多拿了两倍的糖果。
We've even studied cars, not just any cars, but whether drivers of different kinds of cars are more or less inclined to break the law. In one of these studies, we looked at whether drivers would stop for a pedestrian that we had posed waiting to cross at a crosswalk. Now in California, as you all know, because I'm sure we all do this, it's the law to stop for a pedestrian who's waiting to cross. So here's an example of how we did it. That's our confederate off to the left posing
as a pedestrian. He approaches as the red truck successfully stops. In typical California fashion, it's overtaken by the bus who almost runs our pedestrian over. (Laughter) Now here's an example of a more expensive car, a Prius, driving through, and a BMW doing the same. So we did this for hundreds of vehicles on several days, just tracking who stops and who doesn't. What we found was that as the expensiveness of a car increased, the driver's tendencies to break the law increased as well. None of the cars, none of the cars in our least expensive car category broke the law. Close to 50 percent of the cars in our most expensive vehicle category broke the law. We've run other studies finding that wealthier individuals are more likely to lie in negotiations, to endorse unethical behavior at work like stealing cash from the cash register, taking bribes, lying to customers.
我们还研究了汽车，不只是汽车，而是不同类型汽车的司机谁更倾向于做一些违法的事情。其中一个实验，我们观察了，司机在碰到行人（我们安排的）过马路时的停车行为。在加州，大家都知道，因为我相信我们都有这样做，法律规定碰到行人要过马路，我们必须停车。下面我告诉大家我们是怎样做的，左侧是我们的研究人员装作一个行人，她正要过马路，这时候红色的卡车停了下来，当然这是在加州。很快一辆巴士呼啸而过，差点要撞到我们的行人——（笑声）——这是一辆比较贵的车，一辆普锐斯开过来，一辆宝马车也一样。几天内，我们测试了几百辆车记录谁停了谁没有停。我们发现，随着车价的增加司机违法的倾向也增加了。而在我们的廉价车系里，没有一辆车作出违法行为。而在我们的昂贵车系里，有接近50%的车都违法了。我们还做了其他研究并发现，越有钱的人越有可能在谈判中说谎，赞同工作中的不道德行为。比如从收银台偷现金，受贿，忽悠顾客等。
Now I don't mean to suggest that it's only wealthy people who show these patterns of behavior. Not at all. In fact, I think that we all, in our day-to-day, minute-by-minute lives, struggle with these competing motivations of when, or if, to put our own interests above the interests of other people. And that's understandable because the American dream is an idea in which we all have an equal opportunity to succeed and prosper, as long as we apply ourselves and work hard, and a piece of that means that sometimes, you need to put your own interests above the interests and well-being of other people around
you. But what we're finding is that, the wealthier you are, the more likely you are to pursue a vision of personal success, of achievement and accomplishment, to the detriment of others around you. Here I've plotted for you the mean household income received by each fifth and top five percent of the population over the last 20 years. In 1993, the differences between the different quintiles of the population, in terms of income, are fairly egregious. It's not difficult to discern that there are differences. But over the last 20 years, that significant difference has become a grand canyon of sorts between those at the top and everyone else.
我并不是说只是有钱人会表现出类似的行为，完全不是。事实上，我觉得我们每个人在我们日常的分分秒秒中都要跟这些动机作斗争。什么时候以及是否把我们的利益置于他人的利益之上。这很容易理解，因为美国梦告诉我们每个人都有同等的机会可以成功，发达，只要我们足够努力。而这也意味着有的时候字需要把自己的利益置于你周边人的利益和幸福之上。但我们发现的是，你越有钱，则越有可能一种个人的成功。个人的成果和成就，这可能是建立在对旁人的损害之上。这里我为大家画出了在过去20年里，每个1\5和最高5%人口的平均家庭收入。1993年，每个1\5之间的收入差距还是相当大的，我们不难看出其中的差别。但是在过去的20年里面，这种巨大差距最终成为了顶层人群与其他所有人之间的鸿沟。
In fact, the top 20 percent of our population own close to 90 percent of the total wealth in this country. We're at unprecedented levels of economic inequality. What that means is that wealth is not only becoming increasingly concentrated in the hands of a select group of individuals, but the American dream is becoming increasingly unattainable for an increasing majority of us. And if it's the case, as we've been finding, that the wealthier you are, the more entitled you feel to that wealth, and the more likely you are to prioritize your own interests above the interests of other people, and be willing to do things to serve that self-interest, well then there's no reason to think that those patterns will change. In fact, there's every reason to think that they'll only get worse, and that's what it would look like if things just stayed the same, at the same linear rate, over the next 20 years.
事实是，顶层20%的人口拥有整个国家接近90%的财富。我们正在经历史无前例的经济上的不平等，而这不仅意味着财富更多的聚集在为数很少的一群人手里，还意味着美国梦对越来越多的人来说都变得越来越遥远。如果事实果真如我们发现的那样，你越有钱就越发觉得这些财富是你应得的，越会把自己的利益置于他人的利益之上，越会做那些利己的事情。那里没有理由可以相信这个现状会有所改变。事实上，我们有更多的理由认为情况会变得更糟糕。这时在接下来的20年内保持和原来一样、相同现行速率的情况。
Now, inequality, economic inequality, is something we should all be concerned about, and not just because of those at the bottom of the social hierarchy, but because individuals and groups with lots of economic inequality do worse, not just the people at the bottom, everyone. There's a lot of really compelling research coming out from top labs all over the world showcasing the range of things that are undermined as economic inequality gets worse. Social mobility, things we really care about, physical health, social trust, all go down as inequality goes up. Similarly, negative things in social collectives and societies, things like obesity, and violence, imprisonment, and punishment, are exacerbated as economic inequality increases. Again, these are outcomes not just experienced by a few, but that resound across all strata of society. Even people at the top experience these outcomes.
不平等，经济上的不平等，是我们每个人都要关心的问题，不仅是因为社会底层的人，而是因为经济不平等会让个人和集体都变得糟糕。不仅仅是底层的人，是每一个人。有很多来自世界各地的顶级实验室的非常有说服力的研究，展示了日益增加的经济不平等造成的影响范围。社会流动性，那些我们非常关心的东西，如身体健康、社会信任，都会随着不平等的增加而削弱。同样的，社会中消极的东西，比如肥胖、暴力、徒刑和惩罚都会随着经济不平等的增加而加剧。而这些后果，不是少数人所经历的而是会影响社会的各个阶层。即使是在顶层的人也要遭受这些后果。
So what do we do? This cascade of self-perpetuating, pernicious, negative effects could seem like something that's spun out of control, and there's nothing we can do about it, certainly nothing we as individuals could do. But in fact, we've been finding in our own laboratory research that small psychological interventions, small changes to people's values, small nudges in certain directions, can restore levels of egalitarianism and empathy. For instance, reminding people of the benefits of cooperation, or the advantages of community, cause wealthier individuals to be just as egalitarian as poor people. In one study, we had people watch a brief video, just 46 seconds long, about childhood poverty that served as a reminder of the needs of others in the world around them, and after watching that, we looked at how willing people were to offer up their own time to a stranger presented to them in the lab who was in distress. After watching this video, an hour later, rich people became just as generous of their own time to help out this other person, a stranger, as someone who's poor, suggesting that these differences are not innate or categorical, but are so malleable to slight changes in people's values, and little nudges of compassion and bumps of empathy.
那我们该怎么办呢？这些带有延续性的，有害的消极影响看上去是什么东西失控了，而我们无能为力特别是作为个人更是无能为力。但是事实上，我们发现在我们自己的实验室研究中，小小的心理干预，价值观的小小改变，某些特定的微小暗示就可以将平等和同理心恢复。比如，提醒人们合作的好处或者社区的优点，就能够让富人和穷人一样关注平等。其中一个实验中，我们让参与者看一短片，46秒，关于儿童贫困，以此提醒大家周围人的需要。看过这个视频后，我们观察了他们为实验中一个压抑的陌生人提供帮助的积极性。看完这个视频一个小时后，富人变得和穷人一样大方，他们愿意花时间帮助别人，帮助那些陌生人。这意味着这些差别不是与生俱来或者一成不变的。它们很容易改变，只是需要价值观的微小变化。同情心的一点点推动，和同理心的轻微触碰。
And beyond the walls of our lab, we're even beginning to see signs of change in society. Bill Gates, one of our nation's wealthiest individuals, in his Harvard commencement speech, talked about the problem facing society of inequality as being the most daunting
challenge, and talked about what must be done to combat it, saying, "Humanity's greatest advances are not in its discoveries, but in how those discoveries are applied to reduce inequity." And there's the Giving Pledge, in which more than 100 of our nation's wealthiest individuals are pledging half of their fortunes to charity. And there's the emergence of dozens of grassroots movements, like We are the One Percent, the Resource Generation, or Wealth for Common Good, in which the most privileged members of the population, members of the one percent and elsewhere, people who are wealthy, are using their own economic resources, adults and youth alike, that's what's most striking to me, leveraging their own privilege, their own economic resources, to combat inequality by advocating for social policies, changes in social values, and changes in people's behavior, that work against their own economic interests but that may ultimately restore the American dream.
在实验室之外，我们也开始看到社会上的改变。比尔-盖茨，我们国家的富豪之一，在哈佛的开学典礼演讲中说到这个社会所面临的问题，他说不平等是我们目前面临的严峻挑战，他谈论了我们应该如何战胜它。他说：“人类最伟大的进步不在于它的各种发现，而在于如何将这些发现用于削弱不平等。“还有捐赠承诺，我们国家100多个最富有的人正在承诺将他们一半的财产捐赠给慈善事业，还有许多草根运动的出现。比如”我们是那百分之一“、”资源一代“、”共同的财富“等。在这些组织中，那些最有优势的成员，那些1%的人和其他有钱的人，其中有成人有青少年，这是最让我震惊的。他们正在利用自己的优势，利用自己的经济资源与不平等抗争，通过倡导社会政策、社会价值的改变、人类行为的改变，这有悖于他们自身的经济利益，但却会最终重建美国梦！
Thank you.
谢谢！
Ted中英对照演讲稿 大人能从小孩身上学到什么 Now, I want to start with a question: When was the last time you were called childish? For kids like me, being called childish can be a frequent occurrence. Every time we make irrational demands, exhibit irresponsible behavior, or display any other signs of being normal American citizens, we are called childish, which really bothers me. After all, take a look at these events: Imperialism and colonization, world wars, George W. Bush. Ask yourself: Who's responsible? Adults. 首先我要问大家一个问题：上一回别人说你幼稚是什么时候？像我这样的小孩，可能经常会被 人说成是幼稚。每一次我们提出不合理的要求，做出不负责任的行为，或者展现出有别于普通美 国公民的惯常行为之时，我们就被说成是幼稚。这让我很不服气。首先，让我们来回顾下这些事件：帝国主义和殖民主义，世界大战，小布什。请你们扪心自问下：这些该归咎于谁？是大人。 Now, what have kids done? Well, Anne Frank touched millions with her powerful account of the Holocaust, Ruby Bridges helped end segregation in the United States, and, most recently, Charlie Simpson helped to raise 120,000 pounds for Haiti on his little bike. So, as you can see evidenced by such examples, age has absolutely nothing to do with it. The traits the word childish addresses are seen so often in adults that we should abolish this age-discriminatory word when it comes to criticizing behavior associated with irresponsibility and irrational thinking. 而小孩呢，做了些什么？安妮·弗兰克(Anne Frank)对大屠杀强有力的叙述打动了数百万人的心。鲁比·布里奇斯为美国种族隔离的终结作出了贡献。另外，最近还有一个例子，查理·辛普 森（Charlie Simpson）骑自行车为海地募得 12万英镑。所以，这些例子证明了年龄与行为完 全没有关系。 "幼稚"这个词所对应的特点是常常可以从大人身上看到，由此我们在批评不负责 和非理性的相关行为时，应停止使用这个年龄歧视的词。 (Applause) Thank you. Then again, who's to say that certain types of irrational thinking aren't exactly what the world needs? Maybe you've had grand plans before, but stopped yourself, thinking: That's impossible or that costs too much or that won't
工作励志演讲稿3分钟范文3篇 工作励志演讲稿3分钟范文3篇 的朋友。当我来到大学的时候，我发现老师根本教不了我什么，然后我就在学校对面租了个小房子，开始我的二次创业。我从小到大都是一个不太招人喜欢的人，所以没有人会喜欢我，这让我很孤独。但有时候孤独让我成长得特别快，因为我知道只有靠我自己，我才能很努力、很努力地跑下去。今天我看到了在场很多年轻人，但我觉得今天很多年轻人一点都不年轻。什么叫年轻呢?我依稀记得我幼稚园的时候然后老师问一个问题，说哪个小朋友懂啊?我们都会举手，说，老师，我懂我懂。但是今天在座很多人其实不敢的，为什么?你怕答错，怕答错被人冷落、被别人否认。我觉得就是一些枷锁让你变得一点都不年轻，真正年轻就是把你的枷锁去掉。勇者无畏，没有枷锁，你就更有冲劲、更有勇气，去干更多更多更多的事情。别拿90后说事，90后也没什么了不起的。今天我看到整个社会，都在吹捧90后的时候，我觉得我们是不是应该向我们60后、70后、80后的前辈们致敬呢?是他们开创了这个时代给我们创造了一个很好很好的环境。所以我从来不称呼自己为90后，我说我是个年轻人，年轻的头脑、年轻的思想一直会流行，但90后一定会过去。谢谢大家!这段关于20岁青年人如何看待人生的演讲引起了许多TED粉丝的讨论，来自TEDx组织团队的David Webber就说： Meg指出最重要的一点便是青年人需要及早意识到积累经验和眼界，无论是20岁还是30岁，都是有利自己发展的重要事。”30岁不是一个新的20岁，生活决定权在于你自己。记得见我第一位心理咨询
顾客时，我才20多岁。当时我是Berkeley临床心理学在读博士生。我的第一位顾客是名叫Alex的女性，26岁。第一次见面Alex穿着牛仔裤和宽松上衣走进来，她一下子栽进我办公室的沙发上，踢掉脚上的平底鞋，跟我说她想谈谈男生的问题。当时我听到这个之后松了一口气。因为我同学的第一个顾客是纵火犯，而我的顾客却是一个20出头想谈谈男生的女孩。我觉得我可以搞定。但是我没有搞定。Alex不断地讲有趣的事情，而我只能简单地点头认同她所说的，很自然地就陷入了附和的状态。Alex说： “30岁是一个新的20岁。”没错，我告诉她“你是对的”。工作还早，结婚还早，生孩子还早，甚至死亡也早着呢。像Alex和我这样20多岁的人，什么都没有但时间多的是。但不久之后，我的导师就要我向Alex的感情生活施压。我反驳说： “当然她现在正在和别人交往，她现在和一个傻瓜男生睡觉，但看样子她不会和他结婚的。”而我的导师说： “不着急，她也许会和下一个结婚。但修复Alex婚姻的最好时期，是她还没拥有婚姻的时期。”这就是心理学家说的“顿悟时刻”。正是那个时候我意识到，30岁不是一个新的20岁。的确，和以前的人相比，现在人们更晚才安定下来，但是这不代表Alex就能长期处于20多岁的状态。更晚安定下来，应该使Alex的20多岁成为发展的黄金时段，而我们却坐在那里忽视这个发展的时机。从那时起我意识到，这种善意的忽视，确实是个问题，它不仅给Alex本身和她的感情生活带来不良后果，而且影响到处20多岁的人的事业、家庭和未来。人生如蜡烛一样，从顶燃到底，一直都是光明的。
3分钟演讲稿英语3篇 在各学高校英语演讲中，甚至是各级别的英语演讲比赛中，常常感觉学生的演讲稿缺乏实质性的劝说力和感染力。下面整理了3分钟演讲稿英语3篇，供你参考。 3分钟演讲稿英语篇1 Can Money Buy Happiness? Can money buy happiness? Different people have different opinions. Some think yes, while others hold the opposite. It is true that with enough money one can buy all the things one wants, and live a life of comfort and security. However, it is equally true that lack of money causes great distress. It is a common view that "money is the root of all evil." The pursuit of money drives many people to cheat and steal. In some places there is nothing that cannot be bought with money, resulting in corrupt societies where everybody is miserable. So, money does not necessarily mean happiness. It all depends on how it is used. If we make honest and sensible use of money, it can be a stepping-stone to happiness l Although money cannot buy happiness, it can make happiness possible if it is employed sensibly. 金钱能买来幸福吗? 金钱能买来幸福吗?不同的人有不同的回答。有的人认为能，有的人则持相反的意见。 诚然一个人如果有足够的钱可以买到他想要的所有物品，过上舒
杨澜TED演讲：重塑中国的年轻一代（中英文对照） The night before I was heading for Scotland, I was invited to host the final of “China’s Got Talent” show in Shanghai with the 80,000 live audience in the stadium. Guess who was the performing guest? Susan Boyle. And I told her, “I’m going to Scotland the next day.” She sang beautifully, and she even managed to say a few words in Chinese. [Chinese] So it’s not like “hello” or “thank you,” that ordinary stuff. It means “green onion for free.” Why did she say that? Because it was a li ne from our Chinese parallel Susan Boyle — a 50-some year-old woman, a vegetable vendor in Shanghai, who loves singing Western opera, but she didn’t understand any English or French or Italian, so she managed to fill in the lyrics with vegetable names in C hinese. (Laughter) And the last sentence of Nessun Dorma that she was singing in the stadium was “green onion for free.” So [as] Susan Boyle was saying that, 80,000 live audience sang together. That was hilarious. 来苏格兰（做TED讲演）的前夜，我被邀请去上海做”中国达人秀“决赛的评委。在装有八万现场观众的演播厅里，在台上的表演嘉宾居然是（来自苏格兰的，因参加英国达人秀走红的）苏珊大妈（Susan Boyle)。我告诉她，“我明天就要启程去苏格兰。” 她唱得很动听，还对观众说了几句中文，她并没有说简单的”你好“或者”谢谢“，她说的是——“送你葱”（Song Ni Cong)。为什么？这句话其实来源于中国版的“苏珊大妈”——一位五十岁的以卖菜为生，却对西方歌剧有出奇爱好的上海中年妇女（蔡洪平）。这位中国的苏珊大妈并不懂英文，法语或意大利文，所以她将歌剧中的词汇都换做中文中的蔬菜名，并且演唱出来。在她口中，歌剧《图兰朵》的最后一句便是“Song Ni Cong”。当真正的英国苏珊大妈唱出这一句“中文的”《图兰朵》时，全场的八万观众也一起高声歌唱，场面的确有些滑稽（hilarious)。 So I guess both Susan Boyle and this vegetable vendor in Shanghai belonged to otherness. They were the least expected to be successful in the business called entertainment, yet their courage and talent brought them through. And a show and a platform gave them the stage to realize their dreams. Well, being different is not that difficult. We are all different from different perspectives. But I think being different is good, because you present a different point of view. You may have the chance to make a difference. 我想Susan Boyle和这位上海的买菜农妇的确属于人群中的少数。她们是最不可能在演艺界成功的，而她们的勇气和才华让她们成功了，这个节目和舞台给予了她们一个实现个人梦想的机会。这样看来，与众不同好像没有那么难。从不同的方面审视，我们每个人都是不同的。但是我想，与众不同是一件好事，因为你代表了不一样的观点，你拥有了做改变的机会。 My generation has been very fortunate to witness and participate in the historic transformation of China that has made so many changes in the past 20, 30 years. I remember that in the year of 1990, when I was graduating from college, I was applying for a job in the sales department of the first five-star hotel in Beijing, Great
TED成功励志的演讲稿 TED成功励志的演讲稿1：如何与压力做朋友? 我要跟大家坦白一件事。但首先，我要各位也对我坦白，如果相对来说，你去年压力不大的，请举手，有吗?那觉得承受的压力算普通的呢?有没有倍觉压力的?看来我们都一样。 我要坦承的是，我是一名健康心理学家，我的职责就是让人们更健康快乐。不过我担心自己这10年来传授的与压力有关的内容，恐怕弊多于利。这些年我不断跟人说，压力会让人生病，患有从一般感冒到心血管疾病的风险都随之升高。基本上我把压力当作敌人，但我对压力的看法已经变了，而我今天就是要让你们改观。 先来谈让我对压力另有看法的研究。这研究追踪在美国的3万名成人历时8年，研究首先问这些人「去年你感受到了多大压力?」，同时问他们「你相信压力有碍健康吗?」，之后研究人员以公开的死亡统计找出参与者中去逝的人。 好，先说坏消息：前一年压力颇大的人死亡的风险增加了43%，但这只适用于那些相信压力有碍健康的人、承受极大压力的人，若不将此视为有害死亡的风险就不会升高。事实上，与压力相对较小的研究参与者相比，这样的人死亡风险反而最低。 研究人员花了8年追踪死亡案例18.2万，美国人过早离世原因并不是压力本身，而是认为压力有害的这个想法。估计超过2万人符合这情形。若估计正确，「相信压力有害」就成为美国去年的第15大死因，致死率更胜皮肤癌、爱滋病和谋杀。 你们应能体会为何这研究让我担心害怕了，我一直努力告诉他人压力有碍健康。 因此这研究使我想知道：改变对压力的看法，是否能促进健康?显然科学对此抱以肯定，改变看待压力的方式，生理上的压力反应亦随之改变。
1、第一项研究 如果你此刻的确在(社会压力测试的)研究中，你或许已经有点儿承受不住了。你的心跳开始加快，你的呼吸开始便急促，可能还会 开始冒汗。通常，我们认为这些生理上的变化是紧张的表现，说明 我们无法很好的应对压力。 但是，如果我们将这些表现看做是身体进入备战状态的表现会怎么样?在哈佛大学的一项研究中，参与者正是这么被告知的。实验参 与者进入社会压力测试之前被告知，他们面对压力时的反应是有益的。心跳加速是为下一步行为做准备。如果你的呼吸变急促，没关系，它会让你的大脑获得更多的氧气。那些被如此告知的参与者反 道比较不那么崩溃、比较不紧张，更加自信，但更让人欣喜的发现是，他们的生理反应也随情绪有了变化。 2、第二项研究 我想通过另一个研究来结束今天的演讲。听好咯，因为这项研究可以救命。这项研究在美国找了1000个年龄在34岁到93岁间的人，他们通过一个问题开始了该研究：“去年的你，感受到了多大的压力?”他们还问了另一个问题：“你花了多少时间帮助朋友、邻居和 社区里的其他人?”接着他们用接下来五年的公共记录来看参与者中 有谁去世了。 那好，先说坏消息：生活中每个重大的压力事件，例如财政困难或者家庭危机，会增加30%的死亡风险。但是，我估计你们也在期 待这个“但是”，并不是对每个人都是那样。那些花时间关心其他 人的人完全没有体现出压力相关的死亡风险。零风险。关心让我们 更有韧性。 于是我们再次看到压力对于健康的有害影响并不是不可避免的。如何对待和应对压力可以转变你面对压力的体验。当你选择将压力 反应视为有益的，你会在生理上变得有勇气。当你选择压力下与他 人沟通，你的生命会更有韧性。
TED英语演讲稿 When you are a kid, you get asked this one particular question a lot, it really gets kind of annoying. What do you want to be when you grow up? Now, adults are hoping for answers like, I want to be an astronaut or I want to be a neurosurgeon, youre adults in your imaginations. Kids, theyre most likely to answer with pro-skateboarder, surfer or minecraft player. I asked my little brother, and he said, seriously dude, Im 10, I have no idea, probably a pro-skier, lets go get some ice cream. See, us kids are going to answer something were stoked on, what we think is cool, what we have experience with, and thats typically the opposite of what adults want to hear. But if you ask a little kid, sometimes youll get the best answer, something so simple, so obvious and really profound. When I grow up, I want to be happy. For me, when I grow up, I want to continue to be happy like I am now. Im stoked to be here at TedEx, I mean, Ive been watching Ted videos for as long as I can remember, but I never thought Id make it on the stage here so soon. I mean, I just became a teenager, and like most teenage boys, I spend most of my time wondering,
ted精彩演讲：坠机让我学到的三件事 imagine a big explosion as you climb through 3,000 ft. imagine a plane full of smoke. imagine an engine going clack, clack, clack, clack, clack, clack, clack. it sounds scary. 想像一个大爆炸，当你在三千多英尺的高空；想 像机舱内布满黑烟，想像引擎发出喀啦、喀啦、喀啦、喀啦、喀啦的声响，听起来很可怕。 well i had a unique seat that day. i was sitting in 1d. i was the only one who can talk to the flight attendants. so i looked at them right away, and they said, no problem. we probably hit some birds. the pilot had already turned the plane around, and we werent that far. you could see manhattan. 那天我的位置很特別，我坐在1d，我是(转载于:ted演讲稿三分钟)唯一可以和空服员说 话的人，于是我立刻看着他们，他们说，“没问题，我们可能撞上鸟了。”机长已经把机头转 向，我们离目的地很近，已经可以看到曼哈顿了。 two minutes later, 3 things happened at the same time. the pilot lines up the plane with the hudson river. thats usually not the route. he turns off the engines. now imagine being in a plane with no sound. and then he says 3 words-the most unemotional 3 words ive ever heard. he says, brace for impact. 两分钟以后，三件事情同时发生：机长把飞机对齐哈德逊河，一般的航道可不是这样。 他关上引擎。想像坐在一架没有声音的飞机上。然后他说了几个字，我听过最不带情绪的几 个字，他说，“即将迫降，小心冲击。” i didnt have to talk to the flight attendant anymore. i could see in her eyes, it was terror. life was over. 我不用再问空服员什么了。我可以在她眼神里看到恐惧，人生结束了。 now i want to share with you 3 things i learned about myself that day. 现在我 想和你们分享那天我所学到的三件事。 i leant that it all changes in an instant. we have this bucket list, we have these things we want to do in life, and i thought about all the people i wanted to reach out to that i didnt, all the fences i wanted to mend, all the experiences i wanted to have and i never did. as i thought about that later on, i came up with a saying, which is, collect bad wines. because if the wine is ready and the person is there, im opening it. i no longer want to postpone anything in life. and that urgency, that purpose, has really changed my life. 在那一瞬间内，一切都改变了。我们的人生目标清单，那些我们想做的事，所有那些我 想联络却没有联络的人，那些我想修补的围墙，人际关系，所有我想经历却没有经历的事。 之后我回想那些事，我想到一句话，那就是，“我收藏的酒都很差。”因为如果酒已成熟，分 享对象也有，我早就把把酒打开了。我不想再把生命中的任何事延后，这种紧迫感、目标性 改变了我的生命。 the second thing i learnt that day - and this is as we clear the george washington bridge, which was by not a lot - i thought about, wow, i really feel one real regret, ive lived a good life. in my own humanity and mistaked, ive tired to get better at everything i tried. but in my humanity, i also allow my ego to get in. and i regretted the time i wasted on things that did not matter with people that matter. and i thought about my relationship with my wife, my friends, with people. and after, as i reflected on that, i decided to eliminate negative energy from my life. its not perfect, but its a lot better. ive not had a fight with my wife in 2 years. it feels great. i no
TED励志演讲稿：怎么讲话别人才更愿意听 人类的声音：是我们所有人都弹奏的乐器。可能是这个世界上最有力的声音。它绝无仅有，或能引起战争，或能说“我爱你”。 然而，很多人有这种经历，当他们说的时候，人们并不在听。这是为什么呢? 我们怎样有力地说而让世界发生某种改变? 我所提议的是，我们需要改变一些习惯。在此我为你们收集整理了，说话的七宗罪。我没打算假装这是一个详细的列表，但这七个，我以为是我们相当容易犯的坏习惯。 第一就是：流言蜚语 在背后说某些人的坏话。这不是一个好习惯，我们都很明白那个说闲话的人在五分钟以后就会在别人跟前说我们的闲话。 第二，评判 我们知道有些人在谈话中是这样的，这让人很难听进别人的话，如果你知道你被人评判且被认为不合格。 第三，消极 你能陷入这个泥潭。我的母亲，在她生命的最后几年里，变得非常非常消极，很难让人听她说话。我记得有一天，我对她说，“今天是十月一号，”她说，“我知道，这不可怕吗?”当某人那么消极的时候是很难让人听进去的。 另外一种消极，就是抱怨
这是英国的全国性艺术。是我们的全国性运动。我们抱怨天气，体育和政治，几乎每件事，但实际上抱怨是病毒性的悲催，它不会在这个世界上传播太阳和光明。 借口 我们都遇上过这个家伙。也许我们都曾经是这个家伙。有些人有指责癖好。他们怪罪任何人而不是对自己的行为负责任，所以，这又是让人难以聆听的一种。 七件里面的老六，倒数第二，浮夸，吹牛 它有时贬低了我们的语言，事实上。比如，如果我看见什么真的很神奇的事情，那我该说什么呢? (笑声) 当然这种夸大后来就变成了说谎。彻头彻尾的说谎，我们就不想听这种我们知道会说谎的人。 最后是，固执己见 把事实和意见混淆。当这两件事混为一谈，你就像在听风一样。你知道，有人用他们自己的意见来强迫你。这很难让我们听讲。 这就是说话的七宗罪。我认为这些是我们需要避免的。 但有没有比较正面的呢? 的确有。我想建议四种我们可以牢靠站立的，真正强有力的基石或者基础，如果我们想让我们的言语有力并且让世界产生变化。 幸运的是，这些事情连起来是一个单词。这个词就是“hail”，
When I was in my 20s, I saw my very first psychotherapy client. I was a Ph.D. student in clinical psychology at Berkeley. She was a 26-year-old woman named Alex. 记得见我第一位心理咨询顾客时,我才20多岁。当时我是Berkeley临床心理学在读博士生。我的第一位顾客是名叫Alex的女性,26岁。 Now Alex walked into her first session wearing jeans and a big slouchy top, and she dropped onto the couch in my office and kicked off her flats and told me she was there to talk about guy problems. Now when I heard this, I was so relieved. My classmate got an arsonist for her first client. (Laughter) And I got a twentysomething who wanted to talk about boys. This I thought I could handle. 第一次见面Alex穿着牛仔裤和宽松上衣走进来,她一下子栽进我办公室的沙 发上,踢掉脚上的平底鞋,跟我说她想谈谈男生的问题。当时我听到这个之后松了一口气。因为我同学的第一个顾客是纵火犯,而我的顾客却是一个20出头想谈谈男生的女孩。我觉得我可以搞定。But I didn't handle it. With the funny stories that Alex would bring to session, it was easy for me just to nod my head while we kicked the can down the road. 但是我没有搞定。Alex不断地讲有趣的事情,而我只能简单地点头认同她所 说的,很自然地就陷入了附和的状态。 "Thirty's the new 20," Alex would say, and as far as I could tell, she was right. Work happened later, marriage happened later, kids happened later, even death happened later. Twentysomethings like
TED英语演讲稿：如何让选择更容易简介：面对商场里五花八门的商品，你的选择恐惧症又犯了吗? 美国哥伦比亚大学商学教授sheena iyengar 研究如何让你在做选择时更容易。为了让你的选择省时省力，商家又会有哪些诀窍呢? do you know how many choices you make in a typical day? do you know how many choices you make in typical week? i recently did a survey with over 2,000 americans, and the average number of choices that the typical american reports making is about 70 in a typical day. there was also recently a study done with ceos in which they followed ceos around for a whole week. and these scientists simply documented all the various tasks that these ceos engaged in and how much time they spent engaging in making decisions related to these tasks. and they found that the average ceo engaged in about 139 tasks in a week. each task was made up of many, many, many sub-choices of course. 50 percent of their decisions were made in nine minutes or less. only about 12 percent of the decisions did they make an hour or more of their time. think about your own choices. do you
2016thomas suarez ted演讲稿中英文 thomassuarez年纪12岁的他，制作iphoneApp的他被大家称之为小乔布斯，在TED上发表精彩演讲，讲述他的童年时代那些创作故事，下面是第一公文网小编整理的thomassuarezted演讲稿中英文 thomassuarezted演讲稿中英文 Helloeveryone，mynameisThomasSuarez. I'vealwayshadafascinationforcomputersandtechnology,andImadeafewappsfort heiphone,ipodTouch,andipad.I'dliketoshareacouplewithyoutoday. 我一直都对计算机与科技很入迷，我研制了一些适用于Iphone,iTouch以及ipad的应用。今天，我想与大家分享一些我研发出的应用。 MyfirstappwasauniquefortunetellercalledEarthFortunethatwoulddisplaydifferen tcolorsofearthdependingonwhatyourfortunewas.Myfavoriteandmostsuccessfulappi sBustinJieber,whichis—(Laughter)—whichi saJustinBieberWhac-A-Mole. 我最先研制出的应用是一个叫EarthFortune的运势测试器，它能根据你的运势呈现不同颜色的地球图形我个人最喜欢、也是最成功的应用叫BustinJieber它是一个---(笑声)它是一个贾斯汀·比伯攻击器(Whac-A-Mole原意为"打地鼠"游戏) IcreateditbecausealotofpeopleatschooldislikedJustinBieberalittlebit,soIdeci dedtomaketheapp. 在学校里，我的很多同学都不太喜欢贾斯汀·比伯，所以我决定开发这样一个应用。 SoIwenttoworkprogrammingit,andIreleaseditjustbeforetheholidaysin2016. 于是我就开始写这个程序，并且在2016年圣诞假期和新年来临之前发布了这个应用。 Alotofpeopleaskme,howdidImakethese?Alotoftimesit'sbecausethepersonwhoas kedthequestionwantstomakeanappalso. 很多人都问我，是怎样开发出这些应用的?很多情况下，那些问这个问题的人，其实也想开发应用。 Alotofkidsthesedaysliketoplaygames,butnowtheywanttomakethem,andit'sdiff icult,becausenotmanykidsknowwheretogotofindouthowtomakeaprogram. 如今，很多的孩子都喜欢玩游戏，但是，现在他们也想制作游戏。这是很困难的，因为
三分钟励志英文演讲稿大全 励志英语演讲是用英语语言的激发力让人心潮澎湃，达到励志效果。下面是小编为你整理的几篇三分钟励志英文演讲稿，希望能帮到你哟。 三分钟励志英文演讲稿篇一 We should learn to stick to our life no matter how difficult the life is and we should learn to love others .It is the flim tellsx me . It is a story talks about a black girl named Precious .Precious isx fat and not beautiful. Her bad temped mother never workx, always cheated others to relieve her ,and atex while watching TV all day.What is worse ,Precious was only 16,but she had pregnant for twice .Out of assumption ,her child is her farther s child .Living in this life ,she alawys imagine to avoid facing her life .Fortunately,with the help and careneof the teacher and doctor ,her life became not so bad . Precious has a tough life ,and if she gives up her life and does not join the adult education ,she will not meet the teacher and her
ted演讲稿中英文对照 小编今天推荐给大家的是 ted演讲稿中英文对照，仅供参考，希望对大家有用。关注网获得更多内容。 ted演讲稿中英文对照 Hi. I'm here to talk to you about the importance of praise, admiration and thank you, and having it be specific and genuine. 嗨。我在这里要和大家谈谈向别人表达赞美，倾佩和谢意的重要性。并使它们听来真诚，具体。 And the way I got interested in this was, I noticed in myself, when I was growing up, and until about a few years ago, that I would want to say thank you to someone, I would want to praise them, I would want to take in their praise of me and I'd just stop it. And I asked myself, why? I felt shy, I felt embarrassed. And then my question became, am I the only one who does this? So, I decided to investigate. 之所以我对此感兴趣是因为我从我自己的成长中注意到几年前，当我想要对某个人说声谢谢时，当我想要赞美他们时，当我想接受他们对我的赞扬，但我却没有说出口。我问我自己，这是为什么? 我感到害羞，我感到尴尬。接着我产生了一个问题难道我是唯一一个这么做的人吗?
3分钟英语演讲稿 3分钟英语演讲稿 3分钟英语演讲稿1 The East and the West, Let’s enjoy the combination of the two cultures? Kipling said:“East is east, and west is west, and never the twain shall meet!” But now, a century later, they have met. They have met in business. They have met in education. They have met in the arts. Some people will argue that these meetings will leave us with a choice between east and west, but I believe that the best future lies in the creative combination of both worlds. We can make western ideas, customs and technology our own, and adapt them to our own use. We can enjoy the best of both worlds, because our tradition is, above all, one of selecting the best and making it our own. I love Beijing and Hennan opera because it always reminds me of who I am. But I am also a fan of pop music, especially English songs. So I have combined