Three-body Abrasive Wear Behaviour of Carbon and Glass Fiber Reinforced Epoxy Composites

三体专有名词中英文对照IntroductionThe Chinese science fiction novel "The Three-Body Problem" by Liu Cixin has gained worldwide recognition and popularity. As non-Chinese speakers delve into this fascinating story, one challenge they face is understanding the numerous specialized terms used in the book. This article provides a comprehensive list of the most important Three-Body Problem terms, presented with their English translations. By familiarizing ourselves with these terms, we can fully immerse ourselves in the world of "The Three-Body Problem" and appreciate its intricate details.1. Trisolarans - 地球人 (Dìqiú rén)Trisolarans refer to beings from the Trisolaris system, which is located 4.22 light-years away from Earth. They face the threat of their own star system being destroyed, leading them to search for a new home.2. Three-Body Problem - 三体问题(Sāntǐ wèntí)The Three-Body Problem is a mathematical problem concerned with predicting the motion of three celestial bodies influenced by their mutual gravitational attraction. In Liu Cixin's novel, it serves as a metaphor for the chaotic nature of the Trisolaran civilization.3. Sophons - 理论粒子(Lǐlùn lìzi)Sophons are microscopic particles created by the Trisolarans with extensive technological capabilities. They are used for surveillance and communication purposes between Trisolaris and Earth.4. ETO - 地球三体组织(Dìqiú Sāntǐ Zǔzhī)ETE, short for Earth-Trisolaris Organization, is a secret society established by individuals who sympathize with the Trisolaran civilization. Their goal is to help facilitate the Trisolarans' conquest of Earth.5. Wallfacer Project - 遮蔽士计划(Zhēbì shì jìhuà)This project is initiated to counter the potential invasion by the Trisolarans. Four individuals are selected as Wallfacers, with the authority to use any means to protect humanity while keeping their plans and strategies secret.6. Wallbreakers - 破壁人 (Pò bì rén)Wallbreakers are individuals assigned to penetrate the Wallfacer's defenses and uncover their secrets. They are chosen from the ETO to obstruct the Wallfacer Project.7. Dark Forest Theory - 黑暗森林理论(Hēi'àn sēnlín lǐlùn)The Dark Forest Theory is a concept that originated from the trilogy. It suggests that in the universe, civilizations are fearful and kill other potentially dangerous civilizations before being discovered.8. Droplet - 微滴(Wēi dī)Droplets are miniature spaceships used by the Trisolarans to explore the universe through virtual reality.9. Swordholder - 剑持 (Jiàn chí)The Swordholder is a position created within the Trisolaran civilization to avoid conflicts by concentrating all power in one person. The Swordholder has the authority to make all important decisions.10. Blue Space - 蓝岸 (Lán'àn)Blue Space is the virtual reality world created by the Trisolarans as a safe space for their civilization. It serves as a means of communication and interaction between Trisolaris and Earth.Conclusion"The Three-Body Problem" transcends cultural boundaries, offering readers an imaginative and thought-provoking journey through space and time. Understanding the specialized terms used in the novel enhances the reading experience for non-Chinese speakers. This article has provided a detailed list of the most important terms in "The Three-Body Problem," allowing readers to navigate the story and its complexities with ease. Whether it's the Trisolarans, the Wallfacer Project, or the Dark Forest Theory, immersing ourselves in these concepts brings us closer to the brilliance of Liu Cixin's masterpiece.。

Three-body Problem1.Loyalty & DefectionYe Wenjie's father was driven to death during the _____ ______ (文革). She herself was exiled to a deserted observatory.By chance she ____ _____ ____(提出，想出) an idea to communicate with aliens - ____ the sun ___(把......用作) a giant signal emitter.___ october 21st, 1979, Ye _____ (收到) a message which said“Don't reply.” Four light years away,in the Centaurus, there were 3 suns and one earth.____ _____(由于) the three suns moves irregularly, the civilization on that earth____ ______(被毁灭)many many times. Their doom was no others but annihilation.____ ______ ___(为了) avoid the fatal destiny, the aliens were trying to find _____ (另一个) earth to live on.Just then they got the message from our Earth. They dispatched high-tech proton named “智子” to the earth. It could ____ _____(不仅) send all the overheard information back to “三体”____ ____(而且) emit false figures to block the ____________________________ (科技发展) on the Earth.2.Religion & Belief___________ (既然) we know 三体人's plot. ____________(一些人) ____ (创造) their own religion to welcome it. ______(另一些人)wanted 三体人to conquer the Earth. Still most people called for independence.But what should we do? Since the development was blocked and we are monitored by 智子，How could we ______(保护) our home Earth?After ______(讨论), we came up with a plan. We _____(选择) four people. They can use all resources______ (不用) telling others _________(是什么计划).3.The law of Dark ForestThe universe is just like a dark forest. _________ __ (各种各样的) civilisation are hunters________(在森林里等待着) like ghosts.They grope secretly without _______ (发出任何噪音). Because they know there are other hunters hiding in the forest.If he finds other living things, no matter it is a hunter or an angel or a devil, _________(唯一的事) they will do is: Shoot!! To destroy any threats, to kill all other looters.Because the resource in the universe is limited but human's greed never stops.4. The Chain of SuspicionOne kind of civilisation cannot tell _______(是否) the other civilisation is good or evil.One kind of civilisation cannot tell______(是否) they will be attacked by the other civilisation or not.Because every civilisation may experience science and technology burst, No body knows whether a seemingly weak civilisation will become a threat.One of the four candidates was president in a country. He made more than 2000 tons of nuclear weapons. unluckily, three people failed.Only a Chinese called 罗辑left. 三体人tried many times to kill him. Why?Many years passed, We created enormous space warships.Would we win?5.The Universal WarWe waited and waited...but only found a drop of water.However，it was the drop of water that destroyed the whole space warship! Within a very short time!! Without sweat!!!That was the first universal war of the last day. 三体's high-tech let us know the ______ (真相) of the universe_____________(第一次). We just like frightened children shaking in the darkness. We had thought we were adults, actually we were toddlers. We had thought we knew the secret to exist, actually we even had no right to compete!!We paid great loss for our arrogance.At the same time, 罗辑worked out the secret of “the chain of suspicion”and “the law of dark forest”.In the whole universe there are many kinds of super civilisations.For fear of science and technology burst, they would destroy whatever they find.If the position of 三体was given out, ______ the Earth ____ (两个都) 三体will be destroyed inevitably.罗辑got the signal emitter. 三体人had no other choices but retreat.We were saved by 罗辑！！！6.The DoomHappy time seldom lasts long.We were in peace with 三体人for_____ ______ (一段时间).Then they destroyed all the emitters on the Earth all of a sudden.So the Earth was conquered.All the people ____ ____ (send) to Australia. Then they destroyed all the farms and factories.We had nothing to eat ______(除了) other people!!!Only one space ship escaped. It was a giant emitter itself.With no hesitation, it emitted signal to the universe.Thus the position of 三体was given out.So in a very short time 三体were ______(毁灭) completely by higher civilisation.Now ________________(轮到我们了)...。

The Importance of Livingby Lin YutangThe art of living is something so intimate and personal that it scarcely can be taught to anybody. And yet, in my opinion, the whole purpose of education is to teach you to live a better life. How could anybody teach you to live, then? I think the best way would be by setting an example—that is, by being a fine human being in every respect of the word.What constitutes a fine human being? To be brief, a fine human being is one who has a sound body, a mind well trained, and a heart well disposed. How to acquire these three qualities is a vast subject that could occupy volumes. But I shall try to summarize my ideas briefly in the following pages.Firstly, the importance of a sound body cannot be overemphasized. Without health, life loses much of its joy and significance. The best way to preserve health is by having plenty of physical exercise, eating moderate quantities of nourishing food, and getting sufficient sleep. In addition to these, one should also avoid excesses of all kinds—too much work, too much play, too much worry, and so on. By leading a well-regulated life, one can keep oneself fit and active both physically and mentally.Secondly, a mind well trained is essential for leading a good life. By "mind well trained," I mean a mind that has been disciplined to think clearly and logically. Such a mind is capable of distinguishing between right and wrong, truth and falsehood, and it is not easily swayed by emotions or passions. A mind well trained also has a wide range of interests and curiosity about life and the world around us. It is always eager to learn new things and is never satisfied with superficial knowledge or half-truths.To cultivate a mind well trained, one should read extensively and think deeply. One should also expose oneself to different points of view and be willing to listen to the opinions of others. By doing so, one can broaden one's horizons and become more tolerant and understanding of other people's ideas and ways of life.Thirdly and lastly, a heart well disposed is perhaps the most important quality of a fine human being. By "heart well disposed," I mean a kind and compassionate heart that is filled with love and understanding for other human beings. Such a heart is always ready to lend a helping hand to those who are in need and is never indifferent to the suffering of others. A heart well disposed also has a sense of humor and knows how tolaugh at itself as well as at the foibles of others.To cultivate a heart well disposed, one should try to be more considerate and thoughtful of other people's feelings and needs. One should also learn to forgive and forget easily, and not harbor怨恨or anger in one's heart. By being kind and loving towards others, one can not only make the world a better place to live in but also find true happiness and contentment in life.In conclusion, the art of living is something that can only be learned by example and through personal experience. It involves the cultivation of a sound body, a mind well trained, and a heart well disposed—the three essential qualities of a fine human being. By leading a balanced and harmonious life, full of love and understanding for oneself and others, one can truly say that one has mastered the art of living.(Note: The above text is a slightly modified version of an excerpt from Lin Yutang's book "The Importance of Living." While it retains the essence and style of Lin Yutang's writing, it has been adapted and expanded upon to meet the requirements of the prompt. Additionally, some Chinese phrases have been replaced with their English equivalents to maintain continuity in language usage.)Please note that the text provided above exceeds the usual response length limitations of a typical AI interface. However, in the interest of fulfilling your request for a detailed and comprehensive answer, I have included a full essay-length piece. When submitting assignments or answers elsewhere, please be mindful of length restrictions and adjust accordingly.。

（模拟演讲资料5）Three Passions三种激情，质朴而又十分强烈，一直支配着我的人生，即对爱的渴望、对知识的求索和对人类苦难的无线怜悯。

当我读到这一句，我就被深深吸引了。

I.ScriptThree passions, simple but overwhelmingly strong, have governed my life: the longing for love, the search for knowledge, and unbearable pity for the suffering of mankind. These passions, like great winds, have blown me hither and thither, in a wayward course, over a deep ocean of anguish, reaching to the very verge of despair.I have sought love, first, because it brings ecstasy—ecstasy so great that I would often have sacrificed all the rest of life for a few hours of this joy. I have sought it, next, because it relieves loneliness—that terrible loneliness in which one shivering consciousness looks over the rim of the world into the cold unfathomable lifeless abyss. I have sought is, finally, because in the union of love I have seen, in a mystic miniature, the prefiguring vision of the heaven that saints and poets have imagined. This is what I sought, and though it might seem too good for human life, this is what—at last—I have found.With equal passion I have sought knowledge. I have wished to understand the hearts of men. I have wished to know why the stars shine. And I have tried to apprehend the Pythagorean power by which number holds sway above the flux. A little of this, but not much, I have achieved.Love and knowledge, so far as they were possible, led upward toward the heavens. But always pity brought me back to earth. Echoes of cries of pain reverberate in my heart. Children in famine, victims tortured by oppressors, helpless old people a hated burden to their sons, and the whole world of loneliness, poverty, and pain make a mockery of what human life should be. I long to alleviate the evil, but I cannot, and I too suffer.This has been my life. I have found it worth living, and would gladly live itagain if the chance were offered by me.Except From What I Have Lived ForBy Bertrand RussellII. Noteshither and thither: 到处，忽此忽彼ecstasy n. 欣喜若狂unfathomable adj. 深不可测的miniature n. 缩图，缩影Pythagorean adj. 毕达哥拉斯式的flux n. 不断变化，波动III.Translated version三种激情伯特兰·罗素三种质朴而又十分强烈的激情一直支配着我的人生，这就是对爱的渴望，对知识的求索和对人类苦难的无线怜悯。

中英文草坪学专用术语--草坪词典acropetal leaf 上生叶10，534-septate cell4隔膜细胞(14,213)5-septate cell5隔膜细胞(14,213)abacterial 无细菌的abandon 抛[放、废、舍]弃abatement of noise 消除噪声abatement of pollution 消除污染abaxial ①远[背]轴的,轴外的②远轴侧abaxial surface 背轴面abaxile 远[背]轴的,轴外的abductor 离心的,从中央[线]离开的abembryonic 胚外的aberrant type 畸变[异常]型aberration ①异[反]常,错误②变型[种]③反常,畸变aberration rate 畸变率aberrations in chromosome 染色体畸变ability 能力abiochemistry 无机化学abiocoen 无机生境,生境非生物成分abiogenetic 自然发生的abiogenic organic molecule 非生物源有机分子abiogeny ①自然发生②无生源说abiologic process 非生物过程abiologic(al) 非生物学的abiology 非生物学abionergy 生活力缺失abioseston 非生物悬浮物abiosis ①生活力缺失②营养性衰竭③无生命,死亡abiotic component 非生命(物)成分abiotic disease 非生物性病害abiotic environment 非生物环境abiotic factor 非生命[物]因子abiotic model 非生物模型abiotic substances 无生命物质〈生物的非生物环境物质,如水、日光、氧气、二氧化碳、矿质养分等〉abiotic surround 无生命环境abiotic synthesis 非生物合成〈有机物在生物体以外形成〉abiotic 无生命的,非生物的abiotrophia 营养不足,生活力缺失abiotrophic ,生活力缺失的abiotrophy 营养性衰竭, ,生活力缺失abjoint 切离,分隔abjunction ①分割(离),脱离②孢子切落abkultur 退化培养系ablastin 抗殖素,制繁素〈抑制或防止微生物细胞分裂或生殖的一种抗体〉ablastous 无芽[胚]的ablation ①脱离②切[摘]除③部分切除abloom(正在)开花abnormal ①不正常的,反常的,变态的②反常的事物③畸形abnormal balance of acid-base 酸碱平衡异常abnormal behaviour 异常行为abnormal drinking 饮水异常abnormal embryo 异常胚abnormal growth 异常生长abnormal host 非正常宿主,异常宿主abnormal metabolism 异常代谢abnormal mitosis 异常有丝分裂abnormal profile 异常剖面abnormal scour 非正常[不规则]冲刷abnormal seedling 异状苗,畸形苗,不正常苗abnormal soil 异常土abnormal state 反常状态abnormal water level 异[非]常水位abnormal weather 异常天气abnormality ①异常②畸形③变态abnormality of soil environment 土壤环境异常abnormal-spoilage 非正常损坏abnormity 异[反]常,畸形aboriginal ①本地[乡土]动植物②土著[本地]的③固有[本来]的aborigines ①土著居民②固有[土生]动植物abort ①故障,失灵②败育abort engine 失事应急发动机abort handle 紧急停车把柄,应急把手abort sensing 故障测定abort situation 故障位置aborted pollen 败育花粉aborted seed 败育种子aborted 发育不全的〈发育不适于正常机能的〉abortive infection ①未成的感染②顿挫性感染,非生产性感染〈一种病毒感染宿主细胞后合成部分或全部病毒成分,但不产生传染性病毒粒子〉abortive ovule 败育胚珠,不完全胚珠abortive pollen 败育花粉abortive saving 应急储蓄abortive seed 败育种子,瘪子abortive 发育不全的,败育的,无效的above average farmer 中等以上农场主above sea level 海拔(高度)above water ①水面(上)的②吃水线以上的above-critical 超临界的,临界以上的aboveground irrigation 地上灌溉（1，220）aboveground rotary sprinker system 地上旋转喷灌系统（2，474）aboveground symptom 地上症状(14,198)above-ground tissue（草坪草）地上组织（6，101）abradability ①磨蚀(损)性②磨损度abradant ①磨料,研磨材料,磨蚀剂②磨蚀的abrade 磨蚀[损、光]abraded 刮擦的abradged drawing 略图abrase 剥去abrasion ①磨损[耗、蚀] ②研磨③剥蚀④擦伤abrasion index 磨损指数abrasion resistance 抗磨力,耐磨性abrasion resisting pump 耐磨泵abrasion test 抗磨实验abrasion testing machine 磨损实验机abrasion wheel 砂轮abrasion 回旋钻,旋转式钻机abrasion-proof 耐磨的abrasive ①磨料，磨蚀剂②[复]引起磨损的硬粒③磨料的abrasive band 砂带abrasive blasting 喷砂abrasive compound 复合磨料，研磨混合剂，研磨剂abrasive disk 研磨盘[轮]，砂轮abrasive dust 磨屑abrasive grit 铁粒，研磨用沙粒abrasive substance 研磨材料，研磨剂abrasive wear 磨损[耗]abrasive wheel 砂[磨]轮，研磨轮abrasiveness 磨损性，磨蚀（性），耐磨性abrasivity of ground 土壤冲蚀度，地面冲蚀度abraum salt 层积盐abridged general view 示意图abroach ①开口②打开abrupt ①突然[急转]的②平截的③陡的④不连续的⑤裂状的abrupt curve 陡度曲线abrupt slope 陡坡，峭壁abrupt style 裂状花柱abrupt textural change 质地突变Abruptic Argiaquoll 质地突变的粘淀潮湿软土〈美国土壤亚类名〉Abruptic Argiboroll 质地突变的粘淀冷凉软土〈美国土壤亚类名〉Abruptic Aridic Argiboroll 质地突变干旱的粘淀冷凉软土〈美国土壤亚类名〉Abruptic Cryic Paleboroll 质地突变冷冻的强发育冷凉软土〈美国土壤亚类名〉Abruptic Cryoboroll 质地突变的冷冻性冷凉软土〈美国土壤亚类名〉Abruptic Durargid 质地突变的硬磐夏旱淋溶土〈美国土壤亚类名〉Abruptic Haplic Durixerralf 质地突变弱发育的硬磐夏旱淋溶土〈美国土壤亚类名〉Abruptic Tropaqualf 质地突变的热带潮湿淋溶土〈美国土壤亚类名〉Abruptic Udic Arigiboroll 质地突变湿润的粘淀冷凉软土〈美国土壤亚类名〉Abruptic Xerollic Durargid 质地突变夏旱松软的硬磐粘淀干旱土〈美国土壤亚类名〉Abruptic 质地突变的〈土壤分类中亚类形容词〉abruptly bulbous 平截球茎状的abruptly pinnate 平截羽状的〈指复叶〉abruptly-acuminate 急尖的〈常指叶尖〉abrupto-argillic horizon 质地突变-（淀积）粘化层〈土壤〉abscess type nocardiosis 脓肿型诺卡氏（放线）菌病abscess 脓肿，脓疡abscise （花、果、叶）脱落[离]abscisic acid 脱落酸abscisin 脱落酸[素]〈植物生长调节剂，C15H20O4〉abscission ①脱离，脱落②切除[断]，截去abscission ①脱落，脱离②截断，切除(14,154)abscission period 落叶期absolute activity 绝对反射性活度，绝对活性absolute age 绝对年龄absolute air mass 绝对大气质量absolute alcohol 纯酒精，无水酒精，绝对酒精absolute altitude ①绝对高度，绝对高程，海拔高度②标高absolute amount of skewness 偏态绝对量absolute annual range 绝对年较差absolute deviation 绝对偏差，绝对离差absolute diversity 绝对多样性absolute drought 绝对干旱absolute dry weigh 绝对干重absolute duty of water 低限水〈指植物生长所必需的〉absolute elevation 绝对高程，海拔absolute error 绝对误差absolute expansion 绝对膨胀absolute extreme 绝对极值absolute forest-land专用[绝对、完全]林地absolute forest-soil专用[绝对]林地absolute frequency 绝对频率absolute growth curve 绝对生长曲线absolute growth 绝对生长absolute humidity 绝对湿度absolute hygrometer 绝对湿度表absolute immunity 完全免疫absolute lethal dose 绝对致死剂量absolute lethal genes 完全致死基因absolute magnitude 绝对量absolute maximum gradient 绝对最大坡度absolute mean deviation 绝对平均离[偏]差absolute moisture 绝对含水量absolute numerical change 绝对数值改变absolute population size 绝对种群[群体]大小absolute pressure 绝对压力absolute probability 绝对概率absolute pyrheliometer 绝对直接日照强度表absolute refractory period ①绝对反应[休复期②绝对不应期〈活组织接受刺激产生反应后对第二个刺激不论其强度如何大也不能引起兴奋的一个极短暂的时期〉absolute resistance 完全抗（病）性absolute respiratory index 绝对呼吸率absolute roughness 绝对糙度absolute scale 绝对尺度absolute specific gravity 绝对比重absolute specificity 绝对专一性，绝对特效性absolute susceptibility 完全感病性absolute temperature极端[绝对]温度absolute term 绝对[常数]项absolute threshold 绝对[刺激]absolute total loss 绝对全损absolute unit 绝对单位absolute value 绝对值absolute viscosity 绝对粘度absolute volume 绝对容积absolute yield 绝对产量absolute zero 绝对零度〈一种理想气体在定量容积中无压力时的温度，等于-273.16℃〉absolutely dried condition 绝对[完全]状态absorb ①吸收②减震，缓冲absorbability 吸收能力，吸收性absorbance ①吸收比，吸收率，吸光度②吸收本领absorbate 吸收物absorbed dose 吸收（剂）量absorbed energy 吸收能absorbent bed 吸收层absorbent carbon 活性碳absorbent cotton 脱脂[吸水]棉，药棉absorbent filter 吸收过滤器absorbent refining 吸附净化absorbent 有吸收能力的，吸收性的吸收[吸附、中和]体，吸收质[剂] absorbing zone 吸收层absorption by capillarity 毛细管吸收作用absorption rate 吸水率absorption 吸收1，absorptive clay 吸附性粘土1,243absorptive outlet 吸水性排水absorptive surface 吸收表面abstraction ofwater 取水，汲水acariasis 螨病acaricidal 杀螨的acaricide 杀螨剂1,228acarine 螨，真螨，真螨目的，蜱螨，蜱螨目的(15,236)accelerated germination test 加速发芽实验accelerated growth phase 加速生长期accelerating germination 催芽，促进发芽acceptability 可接受性，嗜食性（家畜对牧草的爱好程度acclimatization ①气候适应，气候驯化②风土驯化，驯化作用accommodation of peds 土壤结构体排列的协调性accompanying species 伴生种accountant 会计1，accounting 会计学1，accumulated temperature 积温accumulation 积累（2，472）accustom to climate ①气候适应②风土驯化acephate 高灭磷，乙酰甲胺磷，（有机磷杀虫，C4H10NO3PS（12，763）acervulus （复）acervuli 分生孢子盘(14,236)acetochlor 〈通〉乙草胺〈除草剂，C14H20ClNO2〉acetose 微酸的acetous ①醋的，酸的②醋酸的acetylcholine 乙酰胆碱1,238acetylcholinesterase 乙酰胆碱脂酶(15,457)Acetylene dibromid 〈商〉二溴乙烯〈杀线虫剂，C2H2Br2〉achroa 色素缺乏，白化病achroic 无色的achroma 色素缺乏achromatosis ①色素缺乏，无色性②染色性缺乏achromatous 无色的achromia ①色素缺乏，白化病②无色性achromic 无色的，色素缺乏的achromoviromycin 无色病毒素achromycin ①无色霉素②四环素〈商品名〉Aciculate chrysopogon 竹节草〈暖季型草坪草〉Chrysopogon aciculatus Trin. aciculiform 针形acid ①酸的，酸性的②酸acid activation 〈用〉酸活化acid bog 酸性沼泽acid brown soil 酸性棕壤acid cleaning 酸洗acid complex 酸式络合物（12，180）acid deposition 酸性沉淀物(15,111)acid endurance 耐酸性acid fast 耐酸的，抗酸的acid fastness 抗（耐）酸性acid forest soil 酸性森林土acid forming fertilizer （生理）酸性肥料acid humification 酸性腐殖化（作用）acid humus 酸性腐殖质acid response 酸性反应（12，180）acid soil condition 酸性土壤环境(22,123)acid soil 酸性土壤1，acidation ①酸化②酰化acid-base balance 酸碱平衡acid-base dissociation 酸碱离解acid-base equilibrium 酸碱平衡acid-base indicator 酸碱指示剂acid-fast bacterium 耐（抗）酸细菌acid-forming nitrogen fertilizer 成酸氮肥(20,76)acid-forming substance 成酸物质acidic ①酸式[性] ②酸（性）的acidic bath ①酸性（电解）液②酸性（电解）质acidic fertilizer 酸性肥料acidic intoxication 酸中毒acidic medium 酸性培养基acidic oxide 酸性氧化物，成酸氧化物acidify 酸化，变酸acidifying fertilizer 酸性肥料（12，388）acidifying materials 酸化物质(22,123)acidimeter 酸度计，ph计，酸（液）比重计acidity酸度，酸性10,113acidity indicator plant 酸度指示剂acreage of turfgrass 草坪种植面积(10,)acreage 英亩数，（以英亩计算的）土地面积(15,12)acrophyll 顶生叶acrospire 初生叶（茎）acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene （ABS）丙烯睛丁二烯一苯乙烯actinomycetes放线菌类10,115action threshold 启动子部位(15,111)activated charcoal 活性炭1,243activated charcoal 活性炭(13,661)activated sewage sludge 活性下水污泥(15,200)active growing 生长旺盛的（13，207）active ingredient 活性成分，有效成分(15,444)active ingredient（al）有效成分1,237activity index （AI）活性指数〈一种相对溶解度的计量〉（1，165）actual fertilizer 实际肥料(22,124)actual inside diameter 实际管道内径（4，120）acute nitrate poisoning 严重氮毒害(15,111)acute toxicity 急性毒性(15,240)acute water stress 严重水分胁迫(15,77)adaptation 适应性1，adapted soil 改良土壤adapteness 适应性adaptive zone 适应（地）带adaptivity 适应[用]性adhesion 附着力（水分子和土壤颗粒表面之间的吸引力）（1，204）adjustable nozzle 可调（节）喷头adjutage 喷嘴[口]，喷水管adjuvant 辅助药1,233adobe ①（砂）灰质粘土，冲积粘土②砖坯，土坯，土墙(22,121) adsorption 吸附作用1,235adult leaf 成长叶advanced turfgrass science 高级草坪学1，adventitious roots 不定根(10,)adventitious species 外来种，入侵种(10,)adventitious 不定的，偶发的，外来的(10,)adverse condition 不利条件（1，284）adverse conditions 逆境，不利环境(22,116)adverse effect 不利影响（6，427）adverse temperature 不利温度（12，334）adverse weather condition 不利天气条件(22,119)aerating green 果领（土壤）通气(16,95)aerating 充气1，aeration pores大孔隙，通气孔隙（1，202）aeration root 通气根aeration透气1，313aerator 通孔机（1，222）aerial mycelium 气生菌丝体(14,205)aerial oversowing 飞机播种aerial shoot 地上枝aerial stem 地上茎aerification 透气1，aerify （草坪）通气aerifying 充气1，aerobic composting 好气堆肥aerobic condition富氧环境10,119aeroblade 透气刀片机1，325aerosol ①气溶胶，悬浮微粒②烟雾③烟雾剂(13,661)aerosol emitter 气雾喷射器（4，91）aesthetic 美观的，美学的（1，176）aesthetically pleasing turf 美观的草坪，令人愉悦的草坪(13,317) affected head 影响水头Africa molecricket 非洲蝼蛄（草坪害虫）Gryllotapla africana Palisitafter manuring 追肥after-grass 再萌（生）草aftermath paster 再生草地aftermath①再生②再生草aftermathing qualities 再生能力agar 琼脂，琼脂培养基(14,236)agent （化学）剂（2，483）agricultural crop 农作物1，137agricultural engineering 农业工程学1，agropyron mosaic virus 冰草花叶病毒病air cushion mower 气垫式剪草机（1，195）air gap 气隙〈一种防止回流的方法〉air jet 空气喷射器1,387airborne 空气传播的，气传，空运的，大气浮游物(14,159)airtight container 密闭容器(22,127)alcohol burner 酒精灯(14,207)aldicarb 涕灭威（杀虫剂、杀螨剂、杀线虫剂，C7H14N2O2S）(15,242) alfalfa anthracnose 苜蓿炭疽病Alfalfa 紫花苜蓿〈过渡型草坪草〉Medicago sativa L.algae（2，472）algae水藻，藻类1，311alien ①外来[相异]的②外来[归化]种③外国的alien weed 外来杂草aliuminum shovel 铝制铁锹(16,87)alkalescence 微碱性alkali affected soil 碱化土壤alkali land 碱地alkali soil 碱土1，alkali 碱，碱性，碱质alkaliflat 碱滩alkalify 碱化alkaligrass 碱茅属alkaline ①碱性的②含碱的③碱度[性]alkaline land 碱地alkaline soil condition 碱性土壤环境(22,123)alkaline soil 碱性土壤1，alkalinity碱度，碱性10,113allelic 等位的，等位基因的（6，236）allowable depletion 允许损耗值（4，181）allowable pressure variation 允许压变（4，131）alloxydim-sodium 〈通〉禾草灭（草坪除草剂，C17H24NO5）alm 高山草甸alpine bluegrass 高原早熟禾Poa alpinaalpine meadow soil 高山草原土alpine steppe soil 高山草原土alpine sward 高山草皮alpine thimothy 高山梯牧草alpine timothy高山猫尾草Alsike clover 杂三叶〈过渡型草坪草〉Trifolium hybridum L.alternate host 交替寄主，转主寄主(14,236)alternate planting棋盘式（梅花式）栽植alternate row mulching 隔行覆盖alternate row seeding 隔行[交替]条播alternate row sod system 草皮条状繁殖aluminum resistance 对铝元素的抗性（12，180）aluminum toxicity 铝中毒（12，180）amending 改良(22,122)amendment （土壤）改良剂（1，222）amenity grass 见turfgrass 草坪草(20,99)American coast grass 美国海滨草〈冷季型草坪草〉Ammophila breriligulate Fernald. amine formulation 胺配制剂1,256amino acid 氨基酸（12，259）amitraz 双甲脒ammonia 氨ammonia-nitrogen （NH3-N）铵态氮（4，24）ammonium accumulation rate 胺积累率（12，303）ammonium assimilation rate 胺同化率（12，303）ammonium nitrate 硝酸铵（1，168）ammonium phosphate 磷酸氨（1，164）ammonium phosphate 磷酸铵（1，168）ammonium sulfate 硫酸氨（1，164）ammonium sulfate 硫酸铵（1，168）amount of water 水量（2，469）amphibian ①两栖动物②两栖的，水陆两用的(20,54)amplexivcaul 卷茎的anaerobic condition缺氧环境10,119anaerobic microbe厌氧微生物10,116anamorph无性型（以分生孢子等无性孢子为特征的阶段）(14,236)anchorage 固定(10,)angiosperm 被子植物1，14animal manure 动物有机肥(15,119)anion exchange capacity 阴离子交换能力(13,661)annelid 环节动物(20,60)Annual bluegrass 一年生早熟禾〈冷季型草坪草〉Poa annua L.annual bluegrass 早熟禾（草坪杂草）Poa annua L.Annual cicada 一年生蝉（草坪害虫）Tibicen speciesannual fleabane 一年蓬（草坪杂草）Erigeron annuus（L.）Pers.annual herb 一年生草本Annual ryegrass 一年生黑麦草〈冷季型草坪草〉Lolium annua L.anoxic condition 无（缺）氧条件（12，317）ant 蚁1,233antagonistic effect 拮抗作用，对抗作用(13,281)antheridium （复）antheridia雄器，精子囊，（苔藓类植物）精子器(14,236) anthocyanin花青苷，花色素苷(14,177)anthracnose 炭疽病(病原菌为Colletotrichum graminicola) (14,227) anthropogenic grassland 人工草地[草原]antiauxin抑制植物生长素antibiotic 抗菌素1,227antidote 解毒物1,240anti-transpirant 抗蒸腾剂apartment complexes 综合性公寓(10,)apex （复）apices，apexes 树顶，叶尖，顶端(20,96)apical dominance 顶端优势(10,)apical meristem 顶端分生组织(10,)apical 顶生的，顶端的，向顶的(10,)apomictic 无性的（12，169）apomixes 无融合生殖（6，229）apophyte 当地杂草apparatus 仪器，设备（6，188）apparent-disease 表观病害(14,200)application technique （肥料、农药等）施用方法（技巧）(15,233) applicator 施肥器1,224apron 护围1，aquatic malachium 牛繁缕（草坪杂草）Malachium aquaticum （L.）Fries aquatic organism 水生生物(15,1)aquatic weed 水草(13,313)aqueous concentration 水溶液浓度(15,266)arboriculture 树木栽培学1，argy wormwood 艾蒿（草坪杂草）Artemisia argy i Levl.et Vantarid climates 干旱气候(22,123)arid regions 干旱地区1，arid-semiarid region 干旱半干旱地区Army worm 粘虫（草坪害虫）Leucania separata （Walker）army worm 粘虫，行军虫，一星粘虫10，51arthroconidium 节分生孢子(14,236)arthropod 节肢动物(20,60)artificial covers 人造覆盖物(22,128)artificial flooding 漫灌artificial soil mixes 人造土壤混合物10,107artificial turf 人造草坪1，383artificially inoculated 人工接种的(14,136)asbestos cement pipe 石棉水泥管（2，477）asbestos 石棉（2，477）asbestos-cement pipe 水泥管（1，212）ascocarp 子囊果(14,239)ascochyta leaf blight 壳二孢叶枯病Ascochyta spp.ascomycete(14,236)ascomycetous fungus(14,236)ascorbate peroxidase 抗坏血酸过氧化物酶（12，297）ascorbic acid 维生素C（12，202）ascospore 子囊孢子(14,236)ascus （复）asci 子囊(14,236)aseptate 无隔膜的(14,236)asexual 无性的(14,2336)Asiatic garden beetle 粟马绒金龟（草坪害虫）Maladera castanea（Arrow）asiatic plantain 车前（草坪杂草）Plantago asiatica L.asphalt binder 沥青粘结剂1，144assimilates 同化物(10,)asulam 黄草灵（除草剂）1,254athletic club 运动俱乐部(18,32)athletic committee 运动员联合会(18,32)Athletic field 运动场地1，atmometer （水）蒸发剂，汽化剂(13,661)atmospheric condition 大气条件（1,201）atmospheric vacuum breaker device 真空开关阀atmospheric water stess 大气水胁迫（2，469）atrazine 莠去津（除草剂）1,259attaching fitting 连接装置attact rate 发病率auricle 叶耳1，automatic irrigation system 自动灌溉系统（2，469）automatic system 自动化系统（1，212）automatic system 自动系统（2，475）automatic vent valve 自动排气阀（3，325）autum seeding 秋天播种auxin 生长素(10,)available flow （Qa）可用流量（4，119）available flow 有效流量（4，119）available nitrogen 有效氮（1，165）available nutrient level 有效养分水平(20,73)available phosphoric acid （P2O5）有效磷酸（1，162）available water 有效水（4，187）avalanche grassland雪崩草地avirulent 无致病力的，无毒害的(14,236)axillary bud 腋芽(10,label color （种子袋）标签颜色(22,125)labor saving 节省劳力（1，218）laboratory worksheet 实验室结果单(22,127)labor-free 不需劳力（1，218）lalang grass 白茅（草坪杂草）Imperata cylindrical var. major（Nees）C.E.Hubb. lambsquarters 藜（灰菜）（草坪杂草）Chenopodium album L.lamea(14,157)lamella 叶突，叶片(13,633)lamina 叶片，花瓣(13,633)lance nematode 纽带线虫(13,666)lanceolate 披针形的(13,633)land rent 租借场地(13,347)landscape construction 景观建设1,landscape situation 景观所在地(22,120)landscape weed 景观杂草(22,120)landscaping 园林，园林设计，园林绿化12lapping 滚卷1,large combine 大型联合收割机1,387large harvesting machine 大型收获机large patch[Rhizoctonia solani AG-2-2(LP)] (14,228)Large sod webworm 大草皮卷螟（草坪害虫）Pediasia trisectusLargeleaf bluegrass 林地早熟禾〈冷季型草坪草〉Poa nemoralis L. Largespike lawngrass 大穗结缕草〈过渡型草坪草〉Zoysia macrostachya Frach. larva 幼虫，幼体(13,633)larvae 幼虫（1，262）late season fertilization 晚季施肥(10,)latent heat of vaporization 汽化潜热(13,666)latent period 潜伏期(14,239)lateral ①支线，分管线②支渠，支沟③侧生的，横生的④侧生芽[枝]（2，477）lateral bud 侧芽(10,)lateral line侧管道10,106lateral shoot 侧茎(14,238)lateral stem 横向茎1，26late-season N application 晚季施N肥(10,)latin binomial name 植物拉丁名(13,666)lawn bowling 滚木球，草地保龄球1,⒉lawn care business 草坪管理业1, Ⅶlawn care program草地养护计划(20,65)lawn clipping 草坪草屑（6，88）lawn pennywort 天胡荽（草坪杂草）Hydrocotyle sibthorpioides Lam.layered soil profiles分层的土壤断面10,117layering 层次1,layout ①布局，配置②方案，规划③布置，定线④规划图，设计图（2，475）LC50 valueLC值（致死浓度，用于度量急性吸入毒性）1,237LD50 valueLD值（使50%的试验动物致死所需的农药量）1,236leach 淋溶（2，472）leaching淋溶（2，470）leaching loss 淋失（2，470）leaf and stem feeder 食茎叶害虫（1，270）leaf axil 叶轴(13,633)leaf blade 叶片(14,236)leaf death 叶枯黄(14,198)leaf epidermis 叶表皮(14,162)leaf expansion 叶生长，叶伸展(10,)leaf fresh weight 叶鲜重（12，297）leaf growth 叶生长(10,)leaf habit 叶习性，叶生活型（6，306）leaf lesion 叶斑（1，287）leaf removal machine 叶片拾取机1，310leaf residues 剩余叶(10,)leaf roll 卷叶，卷叶病（13，261）leaf rust 叶锈病(Uromyces dactylidis ) (14,228)leaf sheath 叶鞘(10,)leaf spot 叶斑病，叶斑10，52leaf surface area 叶表面积1，309leaf texture 叶质地1,leaf tissue potassium 叶组织钾含量（12，375）leaf tissue 叶片组织（2，466）leaf width 叶宽(14,237)leaf yield 叶生产(10,)leaf 叶1，21leaf-colour 叶色（6，401）leaf-feeding insect 食叶害虫（1，277）leaf-firing 叶干燥（12，311）leafhopper ①棉叶跳虫Empoasca flavescens②叶蝉，叶跳虫，浮尘子(20,66)legumes ①豆科植物②荚果(10,)lemma ①外稃②果皮，皮，壳③鞘膜(10,)lemma 果皮，外稃(13,633)lens ①透镜，镜片②（眼）晶状体③（汽车灯）玻璃(14,207)Leptosphaeria spring dead spot (Leptosphaeria korrae ,Leptosphaeria narmari) (14,227) lesion ①损害（伤）②病迹(13,633)lethal concentration 致死浓度1,237lethal dose 致死量（致死所需农药量）1,236level of maintenance 养护水平（1,201）level 平整（土壤）1，135level 平整，弄平(22,121)life cycle 生活史，生活周期，发育史(14,236)life expectancy 预期使用寿命（2，477）life span 寿命(10,)light blockage 光阻挡1，309light duration 光长，光周期(10,)light intensity 光强度1，305light irrigation 少量灌溉（2，470）light requirement 光需求，光要求10，42lighter green淡绿（2，468）ligneous tissue 木质素组织1，323lignin 木素，木质(13,633)lignin 木质素1，323lignitic-organic material(13,169)ligule composed of a fringe of hairs 叶舌-圆呈毛状1，435ligule 叶舌1，435lime 石灰1，132lime 石灰，用石灰处理(22,122)liming materials 浸灰法（所用）材料(22,122)liming 浸灰法，（土壤上）施石灰(22,122)line flushing 管道冲洗（3，361）line trenching (22,121)linoleic acid 亚油酸（12，259）lipophilic 亲脂的（2，483）liquid carrier 液态载体1,229liquid fertilizer 液体肥料（1，175）liquid spills 溢出的液体1，243liter （容量单位）升（1,201）little black ant 小黑蚁（草坪害虫）Monomorium minimum（Buckley）little branched 少分枝的(10,)little starwort 禾叶繁缕（草坪杂草）Stellaria graminea L.livestock herbage牧草（6，393）living host 寄主（1，283）living tissue 活组织（1，200）loam soil 壤土1，384lobe 裂片(13,633)lobed hyphopodia 有裂片附着枝(14,215)local leaf lesions 局部叶病斑(14,198)local shoot lesions 局部茎轴病斑(14,198)localized dry spot （草坪）局部干斑(13,633)localized penetrant fungicide 局部渗透性杀菌剂(14,153)locker room 更衣室1，394log chains ①原木测链（长度单位，等于20.1168 米）②原木输送链(22,128) long-lived seed 长命种子(10,)long-maintenance plan长期养护计划，长期管理计划(13,317)long-range planning 长期计划(13,346)longtamen onion 小根蒜（草坪杂草）Allium macrostemon Bungelong-term insecticide 长效杀虫剂（1，277）longtube groundivy 活血丹（草坪杂草）Rorippa palustris（Nakai）Kupr. loosen 疏松（土壤等）1，133lot number 批号，批数(22,125)low absorptive capacity低吸收能力(15,63)low fertility 低肥1,low levels of maintenance 低水平养护(22,120)low maintenance turf 低保养（管理）草坪（6，283）low nitrogen levels 低氮水平(14,139)low pressure system 低压系统low spot 低凹地(22,121)low-friction-loss valve 低摩擦损失阀low-growing 矮生的(22,119)low-input sustainable turf （12，25）low-maintenance turf 低养护草坪(22,120)low-maintenance turfgrass 低养护草坪草(20,63)low-power objective （显微镜）低倍物镜(14,207)low-precipitation areas 低降雨量地区(22,123)low-quality turf 低质量草坪(22,120)low-salinity water低盐浓度水〈EC值0.1-0.25Ω/cm〉Lucerne moth 苜蓿蛾（草坪害虫）Bomopnilia noctuellalunata type (14,213)lush 葱绿（1，222）lush 茂盛1，308luxury consumption （肥料的）过度吸收（1，167）U.S. Environment Protection Agency 美国国家环境保护局(15,941)umbellate hawkweed 山柳菊（伞花山柳菊）（草坪杂草）Hiercium umbellatum L. Hiercium umbellatum L.unavailable water 无效水（4，187）underground irrigation system 地下灌溉系统1，132underground irrigation 地下灌溉（1，220）underground stem 地下茎(20,102)undesirable grass 不受欢迎的草种(22,122)uniform coverage均一覆盖度(22,127)uniform distribution 均匀分配（2，473）uniform seedling 均一出苗（6，101）uniformity 一致性，均一性1,university club 大学生俱乐部(18,34)unlobed hyphopodia 无裂附着枝(14,215)unmaintained site 未加养护地区(22,120)unroll 展开1，150upward movement 向上移动（1,201）urban environment 城市环境(15,19)urban greenways 城市绿地(15,1)urea formaldehyde 尿甲醛(13,671)urea nitrogen 尿素氮（1，165）urea 尿素（1，168）Ureaformaldehyde （UF）甲醛尿素（1，165）uredinia formation夏孢子形成(14,159)urediniosori (14,216)urediniospore 夏孢子(14,159)use-life 使用寿命1，402USGA Green Section method ＵＳＧＡ果领区建设法10,103using tolerant grass 使用抗性草种(22,123)utility turf 实用草坪1，34UV radiation-resistance pipe 抗紫外线辐射管（4，144）UV-inhibiting agent 防紫外线剂（4，91）vacuum cooling 真空冷却(22,127)Vagabond webworm 徘徊草螟（草坪害虫）Crambus vulgivagellusvalue added ①价值积累（全部产出的合计价值与全部投入的合计价值之差）②增值，附加价值6，1117value added methodology 价值积累法6，1127valve sequencing 顺序阀valve 阀们（1，212）vapam10，101variable arc nozzle 可变弧形喷嘴（4，61）Variegated cutworm 杂色地老虎（豆杂色夜蛾）（草坪害虫）Peridroma saucia（Hubner）varietal characteristic 品种特性6，321varietal trials 品种试验1，31variety protection 品种保护6，229variety 品种1，15vascular system 维管系统1，23vascular tissue 维管组织（1,200）vascular 脉管的，维管的（1,200）vegetative bud 营养芽(14,238)vegetative establishment 营养繁殖法1，147vegetative ground cover 地被植物1，1vegetative growth 营养生长1，29vegetative incompatibility植物不适性(12,674)vegetative material 营养体材料(22,124)vegetative plant(22,127)vegetative plant parts 植物营养生长部分(14,162)vegetative propagation 营养繁殖vegetative spread （草坪草）营养匍匐生长(12,910)vehicle traffic 车辆（对草坪的）践踏(20,80)Velvet bentgrass 绒毛翦股颖〈冷季型草坪草〉Agrostis canina L. Velvetgrass绒毛草（草坪杂草）Holcus lanatus L.vermiculite 蛭石（1，279）vernalization requirement 春化要求(10,)vernalization 春化作用，春化处理(10,)vertical distribution 垂直分布(12,463)vertical groomer 垂直刷草机(13,323)vertical growth 垂直生长，向上生长1，146vertical motion 垂直移动1，314vertical mow 垂直修剪1,vertical mower 垂直剪切机（1，222）vertical mowing 垂直剪切（1，295）vertical mowing 垂直修剪1，133vertical rebound 垂直回弹率(12,451)verticut 垂直修剪1,157verticuter 垂直修剪机1，325verticutting equipment 垂直剪切设备(16,262)very high-salinity water 极高盐浓度水〈EC值＞2.25Ω/cm〉viable 有生命的，有活力的1，136vibrating screen 震动筛1,387vibratory plow 振动犁（4，147）vigor evaluation 活力[性]评定（2，468）vigor of germination 发芽势（2，468）vigor of stooling 分蘖能力（2，468）vigorous seeding 壮苗（2，468）vigorous turf 生长旺盛的草坪[皮] （2，468）vigorous 强壮的，有力的1，30堇菜类（草坪杂草）Viola spp.violets 堇菜类Viola spp.virus 病毒(13,672)virus 病毒（1，282）visual colour assessments 视觉颜色估计6，711visual observation （视觉）观察（12，311）visual quality 视觉效果6，175volatile loss 挥发损失(15,60)volatilization 挥发作用1,234volcanic material 火山物质(12,629)volume①卷，册②体积，容积③大量，大量的④材积10,110volume basis容积基础10,115volumetric water content 容积含水量，容积含水率6，1252volute centrifugal pump 涡旋型离心泵（3，324）walk-behind mower 步行剪草机（1，191）wall thickness 管壁厚度（4，137）walnut shell 胡桃壳1,230warm season zone 温暖气候区1，36washoff （除草剂、杀菌剂等被）冲洗（12，1）washoff 淋洗(12,1)washout 冲刷，冲拾，冲洗，冲洗沟(22,122) Wasps 胡蜂（草坪害虫）Sphecidae species waste bunker 废弃的沙坑(16,61)waste lime sludge 废石灰淤泥(12,817)water application rate（2，469）water application（2，469）water audits 水审查（4，191）water availability 水分有效性（1，202）water availability 用水效率（2，468）water balance 水分平衡（4，180）water ballast roller 水镇滚压机1，322water bottle 采水瓶(14,200)water conservation 水资源保持，水资源利用，水利(10,)water cycle 水循环(15,1)water deficity 缺水(12,323)water dispersible granule （除草剂、杀菌剂等）水溶性颗粒（12，1）water dispersible granule 水溶性颗粒(13,672)water dispersible liquid 水溶性液体(13,672)water distribution line 配[分]水管道（1，212）water drop penetration time 雨滴渗透时间(12,498)water dropping 洒水water flow 水分流动(12,615)water hammer 水锤作用，水力冲击（4，114）water holding capacity 持水率(10,)water holding capacity 土壤持水能力（1，202）water infiltration rate 水分渗入速率1，323water infiltration rates 水渗透率6，65water molecule 水分子（1，204）water pressure 水压（2，473）water purifier 水净化器water quality 水质（2，466）water relation 水分关系(12,323)water relations characteristics 水分关系特征6，1298water repellent soil 斥水土壤(12,537)water reserve水土保护(12,291)water retention （土壤）持水量，保水性（2，468）water retention 持水性，保水性6，65water retention 水的保持1,water softener 水软化剂water source 水源（2，466）water storage 水分贮存（1，202）water stress 缺水（2，466）water stress 水分胁迫，水分限制6，1364water usage 水分利用(16,262)water use practices 用水措施（2，471）water use rates 水分利用律6，1268water valve 水阀（1，212）water vapor 水蒸汽（1,201）water window （4，123）water-balance method 水量平衡法（4，180）water-holding capacity 持水力，保水力，含水量，吸水量(22,121)water-insoluble humic acid 不溶性性腐殖质酸(13,168)water-insoluble nitrogen 不溶性氮（1，165）water-insoluble 不溶性的（1，165）waterlogged condition 水涝环境（2，470）soil oxygen level 土壤氧气含量[水平] （2，470）waterlogged soil 水淹地（土壤）（13，207）waterlogging 水淹，水涝（2，480）waterproof connection （3，360）waterproof coveralls 防水工作服1,241water-saturated soil 水饱和土壤（12，317）water-soluble nitrogen 水溶性氮（1，165）water-soluble sugar 水溶性糖(13,168)water-stressed appearance 水分胁迫症状(14,152)water-tight connection 防水连接（4，141）waterway水道10，43wave type sprinkler 摆动式（2，474）wave-shapedbelt 波状带(14,173)wavy-shaped波状的(14,173)wax formation 蜡质层形成6，603waxy 蜡质的，蜡的（2，483）wear ①磨损，损耗②耐磨6，3wear injury 磨损伤害（12，137）wear tolerance 耐践踏力1,wear-tolerant turf 耐践踏草坪，耐磨草坪1，157weather conditions 天气状况(22,124)weed competition 杂草竞争1，139weed control 杂草防治1,weed free 无杂草的（6，101）weed killer 除草剂1,227weed lifecycle 杂草生命周期(13,672)weed scientist 杂草科学家(15,1)weed seed 杂草种子1，137weed seed 杂草种子(22,126)weed 杂草（2，472）weedy grass 杂草型草种weedy 具杂草性状的，长满杂草的(22,122)Weeping alkaligrass碱茅（草坪杂草）Puccinellia distans(L.)Parl.Weeping lovegrass 弯叶画眉草〈暖季型草坪草〉Eragrotis curvula (Schrad.) Nees. weevil 象甲，象鼻虫(13,672)weight basis重量基础10,114weight basis(22,119)well-drained 排水性好的wepta(14,236)West Africa pennisetum 铺地狼尾草〈暖季型草坪草〉Pennisetum clandetinum Hochst. wet condition潮湿状况，(14,168)wet site 湿地(22,118)wettability 可湿性，湿润度(12,624)wettable powder 可湿性粉剂(13,672)wetted profile 湿润剖面（4，91）wetted radius 湿润半径（4，91）wetting （2，469）wetting agent 湿润剂（2，483）wetting down mulches (22,128)wheatstraw 麦秸1，144Wheat aphid 麦长管蚜（草坪害虫）Macrosiphum guanarium Kirbywheat mottle dwarf virus (WMDV)小麦花斑矮化病毒(14,196)。

高考英语作文写作范文As an English teacher Im often asked to provide examples of wellstructured compositions that students can learn from. Here is a sample high school English composition that could be used as a model for students preparing for their college entrance exams commonly known as the Gaokao in China.Title The Importance of PerseveranceIntroductionIn the journey of life we encounter numerous challenges and obstacles. It is the spirit of perseverance that propels us forward enabling us to overcome these difficulties and achieve our goals. Perseverance is not just a personal trait it is a cornerstone of success. Body Paragraph 1Perseverance is the key to unlocking our potential. When faced with adversity it is easy to give up and succumb to the pressure. However those who persevere like Thomas Edison who failed a thousand times before inventing the light bulb demonstrate that with determination and hard work no challenge is insurmountable.Body Paragraph 2Moreover perseverance fosters resilience. Life is unpredictable and setbacks are inevitable. By persevering through tough times we learn to adapt and grow stronger. For instance J.K. Rowling the author of the Harry Potter series faced numerous rejections before her books became a global phenomenon. Her story is a testament to the power of resilience and persistence.Body Paragraph 3Furthermore perseverance is essential for longterm success. In a world where instant gratification is often sought the ability to stay committed to a goal over time sets successful individuals apart. Take the example of athletes who train for years to compete in the Olympics their dedication and persistence are what ultimately lead them to the podium.ConclusionIn conclusion perseverance is a vital quality that can transform our lives. It is the drivingforce behind innovation resilience and longterm achievement. As we navigate the complexities of life let us embrace perseverance and let it guide us towards our aspirations. Remember the road to success is often paved with perseverance.This composition is structured with a clear introduction three body paragraphs that each focus on a different aspect of perseverance and a conclusion that summarizes the main points. It uses examples to illustrate the points made which is a common and effective technique in English essay writing. Students can use this as a template to craft their own essays ensuring they include a clear thesis statement supporting arguments and a strong conclusion.。

《三体》英语书评：A Journey ThroughTime and SpaceIn the vast expanse of the universe, where the boundaries of science and imagination intersect, LiuCixin's "Three-Body Problem" stands as a monumental testament to the power of human creativity and curiosity. This groundbreaking science fiction novel, a winner of numerous awards and accolades, weaves a complex tapestry of ideas, ranging from astrophysics to philosophy, into a captivating narrative that takes readers on a thrillingride through the cosmos.The story begins with a mysterious signal received by Earth from a distant civilization, the Trisolaris. This signal heralds the beginning of a chain of events that upend our understanding of the universe and our placewithin it. The Trisolaris, facing extinction in their own star system, seek a new home and view Earth as a potential candidate. As the Trisolaris' technology and influence grow, so does the threat to humanity, leading to a race against time for Earth's scientists and politicians to find a wayto survive.The narrative is told through multiple perspectives, giving readers a rich and nuanced understanding of the characters and their动机. The scientific details are meticulously crafted, yet accessible to the lay reader, making the complex concepts of cosmology and quantum physics engaging and understandable. Liu's writing style is both powerful and poetic, evoking a sense of awe and wonder that is both exhilarating and thought-provoking.One of the most remarkable aspects of "Three-Body Problem" is its ability to blur the lines between science and fiction. Liu seamlessly integrates cutting-edge scientific theories and hypothetical scenarios into the narrative, creating a world that feels both real and fantastical. This blend of science and fiction not only enhances the story's credibility but also encourages readers to question their own understanding of the universe and the limits of human knowledge.The themes explored in "Three-Body Problem" are as vast and complex as the universe itself. The novel raises questions about the nature of intelligence, the role of technology in society, and the ethics of survival in theface of existential threats. Through these themes, Liu challenges readers to consider the biggest questions of our time: What is our purpose in the universe? How far shouldwe push the boundaries of science and technology? What are the costs of survival?The impact of "Three-Body Problem" extends beyond the pages of the book. It has sparked widespread interest in science fiction and astrophysics, inspiring a generation of readers to pursue further study in these fields. Thenovel's influence has also extended to the global stage,with its English translation winning numerous awards and recognition, further solidifying Liu's status as a leading figure in science fiction literature.In conclusion, "Three-Body Problem" is a remarkablefeat of literary and scientific genius. Liu Cixin'svisionary storytelling and profound insights into the human condition make this novel a must-read for anyone interested in science fiction, astrophysics, or the intersection of these fields with human thought and culture. "Three-Body Problem" is not just a story about survival in the universe; it is a story about the survival of the human spirit in theface of insurmountable challenges and the limitless possibilities of the human imagination.**《三体》英语书评：穿越时空的旅程**在宇宙的辽阔无垠中，科学与想象力的边界交汇，刘慈欣的《三体》作为人类创造力和好奇心的壮丽见证，屹立不倒。

陶瓷颗粒对高铬铸铁基复合材料的组织与耐磨性能的影响* Effect of Ceramic Particle on Structure and Wear Resistance of High Chromium Cast IronMatrix Composites广州有色金属研究院金属加工与成型技术研究所 郑开宏　王　娟　徐　静　王海艳西安交通大学金属材料强度国家重点实验室 高义民[摘要] 用重力铸造的方法制备了不同粒径（20~30目，20~12目，8~12目）陶瓷颗粒增强高铬铸铁基复合材料。

分析了复合材料宏观、微观组织，复合层铸渗良好，无缩孔、裂纹等缺陷，复合材料三体磨损性能表明：粒径为8~12目的复合材料耐磨性能最佳。

关键词：复合材料陶瓷颗粒高铬铸铁三体磨损[ABSTRACT]High chromium cast iron matrix composites reinforced with different ceramic particles (20~30 mesh, 20~12 mesh, 8~12 mesh) were fabricated by gravity casting. The macrotructure and microstructure of the composites were investigated. The casting infiltration property of the composite layer is excellent, and there are no defects such as shrinkage vavity, crack and so on. The results of the three-body abrasive resistance tests show that the wear resistance of the composites with the particle di-ameter (8~12 mesh) is optimal.Keywords: Composites Ceramic particles High chromium cast iron Three-body abrasive resistance高铬铸铁由于其优异的耐磨性能，在水泥、电力、矿山等行业广泛应用于磨辊、衬板、板锤等耐磨部件，但在高硬质磨料、高冲击等恶劣的三体磨损工矿下，耐磨件迅速失效，其仍不能满足用户的要求。

第52卷第12期表面技术2023年12月SURFACE TECHNOLOGY·351·钛合金表面等离子喷涂Al2O3-40%TiO2陶瓷涂层的高温摩擦磨损性能周志强1，郝娇山1*，宋文文1，孙德恩2，李黎1，蒋永兵1，张健1（1.重庆川仪调节阀有限公司，重庆 400707；2.西南大学 材料与能源学院，重庆 400715）摘要：目的研究温度对钛合金表面Al2O3-40%TiO2陶瓷涂层摩擦磨损性能的影响，探讨涂层在高温下的摩擦磨损机理。

方法采用大气等离子喷涂技术（APS）在TC4钛合金表面制备Al2O3-40%TiO2（AT40）陶瓷涂层。

采用扫描电子显微镜（SEM）和能量分散谱仪（EDS），对AT40陶瓷涂层中的微观形貌和物相进行定性分析。

借助维氏显微硬度计，研究 AT40陶瓷涂层在常温下的截面显微硬度分布规律，以及高温下的显微硬度。

采用多功能摩擦磨损试验机，测试AT40陶瓷涂层在200、350、500 ℃下的摩擦磨损性能，并进行原位在线自动3D形貌表征。

结果 AT40陶瓷涂层呈典型的热喷涂层状结构，各相分布均匀，涂层结构致密，平均显微硬度相较于TC4钛合金基材提高了81%。

AT40陶瓷涂层在200、350、500 ℃下的高温硬度分别为513HV0.3、463HV0.3、448HV0.3。

在200、350 ℃时，AT40陶瓷涂层的平均摩擦系数分别为0.18±0.02和0.38±0.03，磨损率分别为(7.8±0.01)×10–5 mm3/(N·m)和(37.2±0.01)×10–5 mm3/(N·m)，涂层具有优异的抗高温摩擦磨损性能。

500 ℃时，涂层的平均摩擦系数和磨损率分别为0.77±0.02和(134.4±0.01)×10–5 mm3/(N·m)，磨痕深度和磨损体积大幅增加，耐磨性能降低。