牛津英语9AUnit1 Star signs知识结构复习学案
一.主要词汇的双基技能培养：
1.divide----divide…into…把…分成…
注:回顾有关类似divide与into搭配的动词五个.
2.similar----be similar to…和…相似
注:牢记该短语相关be familiar with…的结构形式.
3.leader----the leader of the school 校长
注:巩固类似加er变为人名词的相关动词九个.
4.patient----be patient to sb 对某人有耐心
注:牢记具有类似接to性质的形容词形式八个.
5.peace----love peace 热爱和平
注:掌握有关单词peace对应的形容词和副词形式与用法.
6.argue----argue with sb about sth和某人关于某事争吵
注:理解agree,dream接介词的特征.
7.mistake----make a few mistakes犯几个错误
注:牢记犯几个拼写和阅读错误的译法形式.
8.humorous---have a good sense of humour有好幽默感
注:牢记humour形容词为humorous .
9.should----should do sth==ought to do sth 应该做某事
注:巩固有关had better用法特征.
10.unfair----an unfair thing 一件不公平的事情
注:牢记有关形容词反义词构成种类及规则.
11.explain----explain sth to sb 解释某事给某人
注:掌握rob和steal的词类变化及结构形式.
12.experiment----do an experiment 做实验
注:牢记短语在实验室里的译法结构以及形式.
13.dentist----see the dentist 看牙医
注:理解see a doctor和see a dentist的根本用法区别.
14.difference----be different from…不同于…
注:掌握名词difference性质及相关词类转换.
15.mark----get full marks 得满分
注:回顾full和filled的结构性质以及得高分的译法形式.
16.quality----have qualities to do sth 有能力做某事
注:回顾有关类似结构用法的名词五个.
二.基本句型的重点用法分析：
1.It’s nice of you to bring me the newspaper .(注:理解该句话句式含义及有关结构性质特征)
2.You shouldn’t worry about not having breakfast then .(注:牢记该句话含义及句式结构形式)
3.Some people believe that people born under the same star sign share similar characteristics .
(注:掌握类似think,believe和soppose的用法性质分析划线部分的句子成分)
4.It is silly of you not to forgive others for their mistakes .(注:掌握该句话结构含义转化形式)
5.You are patient enough to wait for a long time without getting angry .
(注:牢记该句话的含义结构以及性质掌握相关的句式变化形式)
6.Amy has a toothache so she wants to see the dentist .(注:牢记句子含义理解有关so的用法)
7.I think he’s imaginative enough to come up with new ideas .
(注:理解该句话的结构性质明白否定句和反意疑问句的形式牢记划线短语的含义)
8.I’d like to recommend somebody as the new chairperson of the Students’ Union .
(注:掌握该句话的结构含义及句式性质牢记该句话的使用用法场合)
9.Since he is so hard-working , he wouldn’t mind doing extra work for the Students’ Union .
(注:牢记句子的含义理解since ,so和because的用法性质特征用法)
10.We think that he has all the qualities to be a good chairperson .(注:理解该句话的结构性质)
三.相关语法的综合讲解点拨：
A.关于It is adj of sb (not) to do sth.的用法分析：
1.牢记结构含义：
(1).It is adj of sb to do sth. 对某人来说做某事是…的.
(2).It is adj of sb (not) to do sth. 对某人来说做某事是…的.
2.掌握同义句式：
(1).It is adj of sb to do sth.==Sb be adj to do sth.
(2).It is adj of sb to do sth.==It is adj that +一般现在时肯定句子.
(3).It is adj of sb not to do sth.==It is adj that +一般现在时否定句子.
3.理解相关结构：
It is adj for sb to do sth.==It is adj that +一般现在时肯定句子.
4.明白注意事项：
It is adj of sb to do sth.结构中的adj必须要是能够体现人的性格形
容词，否则要该介词为for .
B.关于to be adj enough to do sth的用法分析：
1.牢记用法性质：只要enough修饰形容词或副词时就必须后置.
2.理解结构特征：位于adj enough结构后面的动词要采用不定式形式.
3.掌握句式转化：
(1).S+be+adj enough to do sth.==S+be+so adj that+S+can do sth.
(2).S+benot adj enough to do sth.=S+be+so adj(反) that+S+can’t do sth.
(3).S+benot+adj enough to do sth.==S+be+too adj(反) to dosth.
4.明白注意事项：
弄清楚adj enough to do sth结构中的to do sth形式既可为肯定含义
又可为否定含义，其判断依据应由句中是否有not来决定.
C.关于句子成分的认识及应用：
1.总述概念性质：
我们所说的句子成份包括主语，谓语，表语，宾语，宾补，定语，状语七种形式.
2.阐述各类用法：
(1).主语用来执行第一动词的动作并位于第一动词前面的成分。
(2).谓语用来体现主语发出第一动词的动作或存在的状态。
(3).表语用来说明主语的完整性常位于连系动词之后的成份。
(4).宾语用来作为第一动词的承受者并位于第一动词结构后面的成份。
(5).宾补用来补充说明宾语体现宾语完整性的成份。
(6).定语用来说明名词性质特征的成份。
(7).状语用来说明动词性质状态的成份。
国际经济学 名词： 1、国际经济学：是经济的一般理论在国际经济范围中的延伸和应用，是以经济学的一般理论为基础来研究国际经济活动与国际经济关系的经济学分支学科，是整个经济学体系的有机组成部分。主要研究对象有国际贸易理论与政策、国际收支、外汇理论、生产要素的国际流动、跨国公司、经济发展、经济一体化、开放经济的宏观调节、经济全球化与国际经济秩序研究等。 2、绝对利益:在某一种商品上，一个经济在劳动生产率上占有绝对优势，或其生产所耗费的劳动成本绝对低于另一经济，若各个经济都从事自己占有绝对优势商品的生产，继而进行交换，那么双方都可以通过交换得到绝对的利益，从而整个世界也可以获得分工的好处。 3、比较利益:甲国在生产任何产品时成本均低于乙国，劳动生产率均高于乙国，处于绝对优势，两个国家间进行贸易的可能性依然存在，因为两国劳动生产率之间的差距，并不是在任何产品上都一样。这样，处于绝对优势的国家集中生产本国国内具有最大优势的产品，处于绝对劣势的国家停止生产在本国国内处于最大劣势的产品，通过自由交换，双方都可节约社会劳动，增加产品的消费。世界也因而增加产量，提高劳动生产率。 4、国际分工:即各国之间的劳动分工,生产的国际专业化。它是国际贸易的基础,是社会分工从国内向国外延伸的结果。各国对于分工方式的选择以及分工的变化,反映了彼此之间经济发展水平的差异及各国经济联系的程度。主要有产业间、产业内、垂直、水平以及不同要素密集度之间的分工等类型。 5、贸易乘数:在开放的条件下，对外贸易的增长可以使国民经济成倍增加，对外贸易乘数研究一国对外贸易与国民收入、就业之间的互相影响，描述了在开放经济体系内部出口促进经济增长的动态过程。公式为： dY＝[l/(dM/dY)] dX。（2003） 6、一价定律:在完全竞争的市场上，相同的交易产品或金融资产经过汇率调整后，在世界范围内其交易成本一定是相等的。这个定律在经济中是通过诸如购买力平价、利息平价、远期汇率等经济关系表现出来的。 7、贸易创造与贸易转移:关税同盟成员国产品从生产成本较高的国内生产转向成本较低的关税同盟中贸易对象国生产，本国从贸易对象国进口的一种过程和现象。的部分进口产品从过去进口自较低生产成本国(非成员国)转向从较高生产成本国(成员国)进口的过程和现象。 8、流动借贷:国际金融中决定汇率的理论——国际借贷说中的重要概念，指国际借贷中形成了借贷关系并且进入了实际支付的那种债权、债务关系，它对国际收支的平衡从而对汇率的走向有着重要的决定性影响。 9、固定借贷:国际金融中决定汇率的理论——国际借贷说中的重要概念，指国际借贷中形成了借贷关系但尚未进入实际支付的那种债权债务关系。它对国际收支从而对汇率的走向无实质决定性作用，有时甚至会产生相反的现象，即债务存在时汇率反而走高。 10、边际进口倾向：国际贸易理论中的一个重要概念，指每一单位增量国民收入中，用于进行进口的比重。通常在公式中用m来表示。边际进口倾向大,则每一单位增量国民收入中用于进口的比重大，乘数效应对于经济的刺激作用就会较小,反之则较大。 11、外汇倾销:利用本国货币对外贬值的机会,向外倾销商品和争夺市场的行为称外汇倾销。这是因为本国货币贬值后，出口商品用外国货币表示价格降低，提高了该国商品在国际市场上的竞争力，有利于扩大出口；而因本国货币贬值，进口商品的价格上涨，削弱了进口商品的竞争力，限制了进口。外汇倾销需要一定的条件，主要是本国货币对外贬值速度要快于对内贬值以及对方不进行报复等。 12、幼稚产业:具有比较利益的产业处于幼稚状态，经过保护使之发展，具有现实的比较利益。（1）穆勒标准：某种产业由于技术不足、生产率低下，成本高于国际市场，无法竞争，在保护下，能够在自由贸易下获利，自我投资发展，即为幼稚产业。（2）巴斯塔布尔标准：保护、扶植幼稚产业所需的社会成本不能超过该产业将来利润的现值总和，符合条件即为幼稚产业。（3）肯普标准：除了穆—巴标准的内容外，应考虑产业在被保护时期内的外部效应，如某种技术可为其他产业所获得，因而使得本产业利润无法增加，将来利润无法补偿投资成本，国家应该予以保护。 13、外汇：是货币行政当局以银行存款、财政部库券、长短期政府证券等形式保有的在国际收支逆差时可以用作支付使用的国际支付手段或债权。 14、汇率：是本国货币与其他货币之间的比价关系，是外汇在市场中的价格。从不同角度出发，汇率有多种表
国际经济学（第十版）多米尼克.萨尔瓦多(著) P16页练习题 6.（1）根据消费者需求理论，当其他条件不变时，一种商品价格的提高（如由于税率的上浮所致），会带来需求量的什么变化？ 答：根据消费者需求理论，当其他条件不变时，一种商品价格的提高，则该商品的需求量将会下降。 （2）根据消费者需求理论，一种进口商品价格的提高（如由于进口关税的上浮所致），会带来需求量的什么变化？ 答：根据消费者需求理论，一种进口商品价格的提高，则该商品的出口量将会下降。 7．（1）一国政府如何能消除或减少预算赤字？ 答：一国政府可以通过减少政府支出、增加税收，来消除或者减少预算赤字。（2）一个国家如何能消除或减少贸易逆差？ 答：一个国家要消除或减少其贸易逆差的方式有：对进口商品增税、补贴出口，借如更多的国外债券、减少借出外国债券，降低该国的国民收入水平。 8．（1）国际经济关系与地区经济关系有何区别？ 答：在国际经济关系下，国家通常限制在国际间的自由流动的货物、服务和因素，不同的语言、消费习惯和法律规定同样也阻碍了它们在国际间的流动，此外，国际收支会在各种货币收据和付款中流通。 而在地区经济关系下，就关税和进行相同的货币而言,区际流动的货物、服务和因素没有面临这样的限制因素，它们经常是在同样的语言环境下，在类似的消费习惯和法律规定下进行的，这就与国际经济关系形成了鲜明对比。 （2）它们在哪方面相似？ 答：国际经济关系和地区经济关系的相似点：两者都跨越了空间距离，事实上，它们都是在远距离贸易下的产物，把经济看待成在一个进行着生产、交换和消费的空间中的单一点，这也是从经济学的复位空间将它们区分。 1
Chapter 1 Introduction ?Chapter Organization What Is International Economics About? The Gains from Trade The Pattern of Trade How Much Trade? Balance of Payments Exchange Rate Determination International Policy Coordination The International Capital Market International Economics: Trade and Money ?Chapter Overview The intent of this chapter is to provide both an overview of the subject matter of international economics and to provide a guide to the organization of the text. It is relatively easy for an instructor to motivate the study of international trade and finance. The front pages of newspapers, the covers of magazines, and the lead reports on television news broadcasts herald the interdependence of the U.S. economy with the rest of the world. This interdependence may also be recognized by students through their purchases of imports of all sorts of goods, their personal observations of the effects of dislocations due to international competition, and their experience through travel abroad. The study of the theory of international economics generates an understanding of many key events that shape our domestic and international environment. In recent history, these events include the causes and consequences of the large current account deficits of the United States; the dramatic appreciation of the dollar during the first half of the 1980s followed by its rapid depreciation in the second half of the 1980s; the Latin American debt crisis of the 1980s and the Mexican crisis in late 1994; and the increased pressures for industry protection against foreign competition broadly voiced in the late 1980s and more vocally espoused in the first half of the 1990s. The financial crisis that began in East Asia in 1997 and spread to many countries around the globe and the Economic and Monetary Union in Europe highlighted the way in which various national economies are linked and how important it is for us to understand these connections. These global linkages have been highlighted yet again with the rapid spread of the financial crisis in the United States to the rest of the world. At the same time, protests at global economic meetings and a rising wave of protectionist rhetoric have highlighted opposition to globalization. The text material will enable students to understand the economic context in which such events occur. ? 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Addison-Wesley
Chapter 1 Introduction 1.1 What Is International Economics About? 1) Historians of economic thought often describe ________ written by ________ and published in ________ as the first real exposition of an economic model. A) "Of the Balance of Trade," David Hume, 1776 B) "Wealth of Nations," David Hume, 1758 C) "Wealth of Nations," Adam Smith, 1758 D) "Wealth of Nations," Adam Smith, 1776 E) "Of the Balance of Trade," David Hume, 1758 Answer: E Question Status: Previous Edition 2) From 1959 to 2004, A) the U.S. economy roughly tripled in size. B) U.S. imports roughly tripled in size. C) the share of US Trade in the economy roughly tripled in size. D) U.S. Imports roughly tripled as compared to U.S. exports. E) U.S. exports roughly tripled in size. Answer: C Question Status: Previous Edition 3) The United States is less dependent on trade than most other countries because A) the United States is a relatively large country. B) the United States is a "Superpower." C) the military power of the United States makes it less dependent on anything. D) the United States invests in many other countries. E) many countries invest in the United States. Answer: A Question Status: Previous Edition 4) Ancient theories of international economics from the 18th and 19th Centuries are A) not relevant to current policy analysis. B) are only of moderate relevance in today's modern international economy. C) are highly relevant in today's modern international economy. D) are the only theories that actually relevant to modern international economy. E) are not well understood by modern mathematically oriented theorists. Answer: C Question Status: Previous Edition 5) An important insight of international trade theory is that when countries exchange goods and services one with the other it A) is always beneficial to both countries. B) is usually beneficial to both countries. C) is typically beneficial only to the low wage trade partner country. D) is typically harmful to the technologically lagging country. E) tends to create unemployment in both countries. Answer: B Question Status: Previous Edition
《国际经济学》（第10版）保罗·R·克鲁格曼 重点笔记 第三章劳动生产率与比较优势：李嘉图模型 1.机会成本：利用一定资源或时间生产一种商品时，而失去的利用这些资源生产其他最佳替代品的机会。 2.比较优势：如果一个国家在本国生产一种产品的机会成本（用其他产品来衡量）低于在其他国家生产该种产品的机会成本，则这个国家在生产该种产品上就具有比较优势。 比较优势和国际贸易的基本原理：如果每个国家都出口本国具有比较优势的商品，则两国之间的贸易能使两国都受益。 英国经济学家大卫·李嘉图提出的国际贸易模型。他指出，国际劳动生产率的不同是国际贸易的唯一决定因素。该理论被称为李嘉图模型。 3.单一要素经济 单位产品劳动投入（a）：生产率的倒数，用来表示劳动生产率。L生产可能性边界（PPF）：一个国家的资源是有限的，它所能生产的产品也是有限的，因此就存在着产品替代的问题：多生产一种产品就意味着要牺牲另一种产品的产量。 一个经济体的生产可能性边界（PPF）显示了其固定数量资源所能生产的商品的最大数量。 本国资源对产出的限制：aQ + aQ ≤ L WLWLCC （斜率的绝对值等于横轴商品的机会成本）奶酪的机会成本k= - a /a = (a – /a )Q ，Q = L/a LWCLCLWLCWLW相对价格与供给而劳奶酪和葡萄酒的供给是由劳动力的流向决定的，简化模型中，劳动是唯一的生产要素，等工资率单一要素模型中不存在利润，奶酪部门每小时的动力总会流向工资比较高的部门。 /a。，葡萄酒部门每小时的工资率等于小时内创造的价值P/aP于一个工人在1LWWCLC < /P时，奶酪部门的工资率就比较高，该国会专业化生产奶酪；当 > a/aP当P /P WLC CLWWC/a = aP /P/aa时，葡萄酒部门的工资率就比较高，该国会专业化生产葡萄酒；当LWCLC LC WLW时，该国会生产奶酪和葡萄酒两种产品。该国价格与生产之间关系的关键命题：当一个国家的奶酪的相对价格高于它的机会成本时，就专门生产奶酪；当奶酪的相对价格低于它的机会成本时，该国就专门生产葡萄酒。a = /P如：在没有国际贸易时，产品的相对价格等于它们的相对单位产品劳动投入。P LC CW /a LW 4.单一要素世界中的贸易我们就说当一个国家能够以少于其他国家的劳动投入生产出同样单位的商品时，：绝对优势 **aaaa < < 和该国在生产这种商品上具有绝对优势。如：LWLCLCLW ****/a/ aaaa/aa/a本国在生产奶酪上具有比较优势：或 < < LW LCLW LCLCLCLW LW **/a/aaa，外国奶酪的相对价格为。如果没有国际贸易，本国奶酪的相对价格为LW LWLCLC将奶酪从本国运到外国或将葡萄酒一旦进行国际贸易，因为外国奶酪的相对价格比本国高，外国将出口足
Chapter 12 Controversies in Trade Policy ?Chapter Organization Sophisticated Arguments for Activist Trade Policy Technology and Externalities Imperfect Competition and Strategic Trade Policy Box: A Warning from Intel’s Founder Case Study: When the Chips Were Up Globalization and Low-Wage Labor The Anti-Globalization Movement Trade and Wages Revisited Labor Standards and Trade Negotiations Environmental and Cultural Issues The WTO and National Independence Case Study: A Tragedy in Bangladesh Globalization and the Environment Globalization, Growth, and Pollution The Problem of “Pollution Havens” The Carbon Tariff Dispute Summary ?Chapter Overview Although the text has shown why, in general, free trade is a good policy, this chapter considers two controversies in trade policy that challenge free trade. The first regards strategic trade policy. Proponents of activist government trade intervention argue that certain industries are desirable and may be underfunded by markets or dominated by imperfect competition and warrant some government intervention. The second controversy regards the recent debate over the effects of globalization on workers, the environment, and sovereignty. While the anti-globalization arguments often lack sound structure, their visceral nature demonstrates that the spread of trade is extremely troubling to some groups. As seen in the previous chapters, activist trade policy may be justified if there are market failures. One important type of market failure involves externalities present in high-technology industries due to their knowledge creation. Existence of externalities associated with research and development and high technology make the private return to investing in these activities less than their social return. This means ? 2015 Pearson Education, Inc.
Chapter 14 (3) Exchange Rates and the Foreign Exchange Market: An Asset Approach Chapter Organization Exchange Rates and International Transactions Domestic and Foreign Prices Exchange Rates and Relative Prices The Foreign Exchange Market The Actors Box: Exchange Rates, Auto Prices, and Currency Wars Characteristics of the Market Spot Rates and Forward Rates Foreign Exchange Swaps Futures and Options The Demand for Foreign Currency Assets Assets and Asset Returns Box: Nondeliverable Forward Exchange Trading in Asia Risk and Liquidity Interest Rates Exchange Rates and Asset Returns A Simple Rule Return, Risk, and Liquidity in the Foreign Exchange Market Equilibrium in the Foreign Exchange Market Interest Parity: The Basic Equilibrium Condition How Changes in the Current Exchange Rate Affect Expected Returns The Equilibrium Exchange Rate Interest Rates, Expectations, and Equilibrium The Effect of Changing Interest Rates on the Current Exchange Rate The Effect of Changing Expectations on the Current Exchange Rate Case Study: What Explains the Carry Trade? Summary APPENDIX TO CHAPTER 14 (3): Forward Exchange Rates and Covered Interest Parity ? 2015 Pearson Education Limited
Chapter 8 Firms in the Global Economy: Export Decisions, Outsourcing, and Multinational Enterprises Chapter Organization The Theory of Imperfect Competition Monopoly: A Brief Review Monopolistic Competition Monopolistic Competition and Trade The Effects of Increased Market Size Gains from an Integrated Market: A Numerical Example The Significance of Intra-Industry Trade Case Study: The Emergence of the Turkish Automotives Industry Firm Responses to Trade: Winners, Losers, and Industry Performance Performance Differences across Producers The Effects of Increased Market Size Trade Costs and Export Decisions Dumping Case Study: Antidumping as Protectionism Multinationals and Outsourcing Case Study: Patterns of Foreign Direct Investment Flows Around the World The Firm’s Decision Regarding Foreign Direct Investment Outsourcing Case Study: Shipping Jobs Overseas? Offshoring and Unemployment in the United States Consequences of Multinationals and Foreign Outsourcing Summary APPENDIX TO CHAPTER 8: Determining Marginal Revenue ? 2015 Pearson Education Limited
国际经济学第十版课后答案-(萨尔瓦多、杨冰译)
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国际经济学（第十版）多米尼克.萨尔瓦多(著) P16页练习题 6.（1）根据消费者需求理论，当其他条件不变时，一种商品价格的提高（如由于税率的上浮所致），会带来需求量的什么变化？ 答：根据消费者需求理论，当其他条件不变时，一种商品价格的提高，则该商品的需求量将会下降。 （2）根据消费者需求理论，一种进口商品价格的提高（如由于进口关税的上浮所致），会带来需求量的什么变化？ 答：根据消费者需求理论，一种进口商品价格的提高，则该商品的出口量将会下降。 7．（1）一国政府如何能消除或减少预算赤字？ 答：一国政府可以通过减少政府支出、增加税收，来消除或者减少预算赤字。（2）一个国家如何能消除或减少贸易逆差？ 答：一个国家要消除或减少其贸易逆差的方式有：对进口商品增税、补贴出口，借如更多的国外债券、减少借出外国债券，降低该国的国民收入水平。 8．（1）国际经济关系与地区经济关系有何区别？ 答：在国际经济关系下，国家通常限制在国际间的自由流动的货物、服务和因素，不同的语言、消费习惯和法律规定同样也阻碍了它们在国际间的流动，此外，国际收支会在各种货币收据和付款中流通。 而在地区经济关系下，就关税和进行相同的货币而言,区际流动的货物、服务和因素没有面临这样的限制因素，它们经常是在同样的语言环境下，在类似的消费习惯和法律规定下进行的，这就与国际经济关系形成了鲜明对比。 （2）它们在哪方面相似？ 答：国际经济关系和地区经济关系的相似点：两者都跨越了空间距离，事实上，它们都是在远距离贸易下的产物，把经济看待成在一个进行着生产、交换和消费的空间中的单一点，这也是从经济学的复位空间将它们区分。
国际经济学第九版答案 【篇一：国际经济学第九版英文课后答案第13单元】> balance of payments outline 13.1 introduction 13.2 balance of payments accounting principles 13.2a debits and credits 13.2b double-entry bookkeeping 13.3 the international transactions of the united states case study 13-1: the major goods exports and imports of the united states 13.4 accounting balances and disequilibrium in international transactions 13.5 the postwar balance of payments of the united states case study 13-2: the major trade partners of the united states case study 13-3: the u.s. trade deficit with japan case study 13-4:the exploding u.s. trade deficit with china 13.6 the international investment position of the united statescase study 13-5: the united states as a debtor nation appendix: a13.1 the imf method of reporting international transactionsa13.2 the case of the missing surplus balance of paymentscapital account credit transactionsautonomous transactions debit transactionsaccommodating transactions capital inflow official reserve account capital outflowofficial settlements balance double-entry bookkeeping deficit in the balance of paymentsunilateral transferssurplus in the balance of payments statistical discrepancy international investment position current account 1. in the first lecture, i would cover sections 1 and 2a. the average student usually finds the meaning of capital inflows and outflows particularly difficult to understand. therefore, i would pay special care in presenting the material in section 2a. i would also assign problems 1 to 8. 2.in the second lecture, i would cover section 2b and go over problems 1-8.i would present sections 3 and 4 in the third lecture, and stress the meaning and measurement of balance of payments deficits and surpluses.sections 5 and 6 (which are mostly descriptive
CHAPTER 10 ECONOMIC INTEGRATION: CUSTOMS UNIONS AND FREE TRADE AREAS OUTLINE 10.1 Introduction 10.2 Trade-Creating Customs Unions 10.2a Trade Creation 10.2b Illustration of a Trade-Creating Customs Union 10.3 Trade-Diverting Customs Unions 10.3a Trade Diversion 10.3b Illustration of a Trade-Diverting Customs Union 10.4 The Theory of the Second Best and Other Static Welfare Effects 10.4a The Theory of the Second Best 10.4b Conditions More Likely to Lead to Increased Welfare 10.4c Other Static Welfare Effects of Customs Unions 10.5 Dynamic Benefits of Customs Unions *10.6 History of Attempts at Economic Integration 10.6a The European Union Case Study 10-1: Economic Profile of the EU, NAFTA, and Japan Case Study 10-2: Gains from the Single EU Market 10.6b The European Free Trade Association 10.6c The North American and Other Free Trade Agreements Case Study 10-3: Mexico's Gains from NAFTA – Expectations and Outcome 10.6d Attempts at Economic Integration Among Developing Nations Case Study 10-4: Economic Profile of Mercosur Case Study 10-5: Changes in Trade Patterns with Economic Integration 344A 10.6e Economic Integration in Central, Eastern Europe & Former Soviet Republics Case Study 10-6: Per Capita Income of Transition Economies Appendix: A10.1 General Equilibrium Analysis of Static Effects of a Trade-Diverting Customs Union A10.2 Regional Trade Agreements Around the World Key Terms Economic integration Variable import levies Preferential trade arrangements European Free Trade Association (EFTA) (6920811.d oc) 10-1 Dominick Salvatore
Chapter 9 The Instruments of Trade Policy Chapter Organization Basic Tariff Analysis Supply, Demand, and Trade in a Single Industry Effects of a Tariff Measuring the Amount of Protection Costs and Benefits of a Tariff Consumer and Producer Surplus Measuring the Costs and Benefits Box: Tariffs for the Long Haul Other Instruments of Trade Policy Export Subsidies: Theory Case Study: Europe’s Common Agricultural Policy Import Quotas: Theory Case Study: An Import Quota in Practice: U.S. Sugar Voluntary Export Restraints Case Study: A Voluntary Export Restraint in Practice Local Content Requirements Box: Bridging the Gap Other Trade Policy Instruments The Effects of Trade Policy: A Summary Summary APPENDIX TO CHAPTER 9: Tariffs and Import Quotas in the Presence of Monopoly The Model with Free Trade The Model with a Tariff The Model with an Import Quota Comparing a Tariff and a Quota ? 2015 Pearson Education Limited