新概念英语第二册语法
总结
Revised as of 23 November 2020
《新概念英语第二册》语法总结
知识要点：
冠词是一种虚词，放在名词的前面，帮助说明名词的含义。冠词分不定冠词（The Indefinite Article）和定冠词（The definite Article）两种。a (an) 是不定冠词，a用在辅音之前：如a book, a man; an用在元音之前，如：an old man, an hour, an interesting book等。the是定冠词。
一、不定冠词的用法
1、指人或事物的某一种类（泛指）。这是不定冠词a (an)的基本用法。如：She is a girl. I am a teacher. Please pass me an apple.
2、指某人或某物，但不具体说明何人或何物。如：He borrowed a story-book from the library.
A Wang is looking for you. 一位姓王的同志正在找你。
3、表示数量，有“一”的意思，但数的概念没有one强烈。如：
I have a mouth, a nose and two eyes.
4、用于某些固定词组中。如：a bit, a few, a little, a lot of, a piece of, a cup of, a glass of, a pile of, a pair of, have a good time, for a while, for a long time等。
5、用在抽象名词前，表具体的介绍——a + 抽象名词，起具体化的作用。如：
This little girl is a joy to her parents. 这女孩对她父母来说是一个乐趣。
It is a pleasure to talk with you. 跟您交谈真是一件愉快的事情。
It is an honour to me to attend the meeting. 参加这个会，对我来说是一种荣誉。
二、定冠词的用法：
1、特指某（些）人或某（些）事物。这是定冠词the的基本用法。如：
Beijing is the capital of China.
The pen on the desk is mine.
2、指谈话双方都知道的人或事物。如：
Where is the teacher
Open the window, please.
3、指上文提过的人或事物（第二次出现）。如：
There was a chair by the window. On the chair sat a young woman with a baby in her arms. The baby was thin.
4、用在世界上独一无二的事物前。如：the earth, the moon, the sun.
5、用在序数词和形容词最高级前。（副词最高级前的定冠词可省略）如：
He is always the first to come to school.
Bob is the tallest in his class.
6、用在某些专有名词前（由普通名词构成的专用名词）。如：the Great Wall, the Summer Palace, the Science Museum, the Childr en’s Palace, the Party等。
7、用在一些习惯用语中。如：on the day, in the morning (afternoon, evening), the day after tomorrow, the day before yesterday, the next year, by the way等。
8、用在江河湖海、山脉前。如：the Yellow River, the Pacific Ocean, the Alps, the Himalayas
9、用在报刊、杂志前。如：t he People’s Daily, the Evening Paper, the Times 泰晤士报。
10、表示某一家人要加定冠词。如：
The Browns are at home to receive visitors today. 布朗一家今天要接待客人。
11、用在形容词前，表某一类人。如：the poor, the wounded, the living, the dead, the rich, the sick等。
12、定冠词可以表示一事物内部的某处。如：
The driver always sits in the front of the bus(car).
三、零冠词（即不用冠词）：
1、专用名词和不可数名词前。如：China, America, Grade One, Class Two, milk, oil, water, paper, science等。
2、名词前已有作定语用的this, that, my, your, some, any等代词。如：
Go down this street.
3、复数名词表示一类人或事物时。如：
We are students. I like reading stories.
4、节日、日期、月份、季节前。如：Teachers’ Day, Children’s Day, National Day, in summer, in July等。
Today is New Year’s Day. It is Sunday. March 8 is Women’s Day.
5、在称呼语或表示头衔的名词前，尤其作表语、宾补时。如：
What’s the matter, Granny We elected him mo nitor.
6、在某些习惯用语中的名词前。如：at noon, at night, at first, at last, at most, at least, by bus(train, air, sea), in bed, in time, in front of, go to school, go to bed, go to college, on foot, at table, in ink, in pencil等。
7、在三餐饭和球类运动前。如：
She goes to school after breakfast every morning.
We are going to play football.
We usually have lunch at school.
8、科目前不加。如：
We learn Chinese, maths, English and some other subjects.
【专项训练】：
1、We can’t live without air.
A．an B．×C．the D．some 2、——Have you seen pen I left it here this morning.
——Is it black one I think I saw it somewhere.
A．a; the B．the; the C．the; a D．a; a
3、I’ve been waiting for him for hour and half.
A．×; ×B．the; a C．a; the D．an; a
4、What fine weather we have today!
A．a B．×C．some D．an
5、Have you ever seen as tall as this one
A．a tree B．such tree C．an tree D．tree
6、Children usually go to school at age of six.
A．×; the B．a; an C．the; ×D．the; the
7、Himalayas is highest mountain in world.
A．×; the;×B．The; the; the C．A; a; a D．×;×;×
8、They each have __book. Li Hua’s is about writer. Wang Lin’s is on science.
A．a; a; ×B．the; ×; the C．×; the; ×D．a; the; a
9、Physics is science of matter and energy.
A．The; ×B．×; ×C．×; the D．A; a
10、sun rises in east and sets in west.
A．A; an; a B．The;×;×C．The; the; the D．A; the; a
11、Many people agree that__knowledge of English is a must in international trade today.
A．a;×B．the; an C．the; the D．×; the 12、__Mr Jones called while you were out (neither of us knows this man). He was in
bad
temper. A．×;a B．A;×C．The; the D．A; a 13、They were at dinner then. It was delicous one.
A．a; the B．×;×C．×;a D．a; a
14、what kind of car do you want to buy
A．×B．the C．a D．an
15、Alice is fond of playing piano while Henry is interested in listening to music.
A．×; the B．×;×C．the; ×D．the; the
16、Beyond stars, the astronaut saw nothing but space.
A．the; ×B．×; the C．×;×D．the; the
17、Alexander Graham Bell invented telephone in 1876.
A．×B．a C．the D．one 18、——Where’s Jack
——I think he’s still in bed, but he might just be in bathroom.
A．×;×B．the; the C．the; ×D．×; the
19、Many people are still in habit of writing silly things in public places.
A．the; the B．×;×C．the; ×D．×; the 20、——I’d like information about the management of your hotel, please.
——Well, you could have word with the manager. He might be helpful.
A．some; a B．an; some C．some; some D．an; a
【答案】：
1、B air是不可数名词。
2、D 此题为97年高考题。根据句意，第一空是泛指，第一次出现；第二空仍是泛指，且表数量“－”。
3、D 元音前用an。
4、B weather是不可数名词。
5、A 此题为85年高考题。泛指。
6、A go to school是固定短语。
7、B 山脉、形容词最高级及世界上的唯一的名词前加定冠词。
8、A 第一、二空泛指，第三空，science是不可数名词。
9、C 第一空，科目前不加冠词；第二空特指，有定语。
10、C
11、A 第一空，a + 不可数名词表具体的介绍；第二空，trade不可数。
12、D 第一空是指有一位琼斯先生在您不在的时候来访。（括号里说明，我们俩都不认识这个人，因此不是特指。）第二空是固定短语，情绪不好。
13、C 第一空at dinner正在吃饭，固定短语。
14、A 泛指
15、C 此题是89年高考题：乐器前加定冠词；music是不可数名词。
16、A 此题是90年高考题：stars前应加定冠词；space不可数。
17、C 此题是91年高考题：发明应是特指。
18、D 此题是92年高考题。in bed是固定短语，不加冠词。
19、C 此题是93年高考题。第一空后有定语，固是特指。第二空， public places,公共场所，泛指。
20、A 此题是95年高考题。information是不可数名词；have a word with sb.是固定短语。
二、名词Nouns
知识要点：
一、名词的种类：
1、专有名词：
1）China, Japan, Beijing, London, Tom, Jack（不加冠词）
2）the Great Wall, the Yellow River, the Peop le’s Republic of China, the United States等。（由普通名词构成的专有名词，要加定冠词。）
2、普通名词
1）不可数名词
物质名词：，，，…
抽象名词：，，，，…
water rice oil paper
health trouble work pleasure honor
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?
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注意：不可数名词前一般不加冠词，尤不加不定冠词：若加a(an)则使之具体化了。如：have a wonderful time.
不可数名词作主语，谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。
不可数名词一般无复数形式。部分物质名词在表不同类别时，可用复数形式。
如：fishes, newspapers, waters, snows……
| | |
各种各样的鱼各种报纸河湖、海水积雪
有些抽象名词也常用复数，变为可数的具体的事物。如：times时代，works着作，difficulties困难
在表数量时，常用“of”词组来表示。如：a glass of milk, a cup of tea, two pieces of paper…. 2）可数名词：
可数名词除用复数形式表一类之外，一般都要加冠词：A birdcaufly.
The frog is a kind of hibernating animal.
Vegetables sold at this shop are usually fresh.
有复数形式：
a）规则变化——加“s”或“es”（与初中同，略）
b）不规则变化——child (children), foot (feet), tooth (teeth), man (men),
woman (women), mouse (mice), goose (geese), Englishman (Englishmen),
phenomenon(phenomena)…
注意：c）单、复数同形：sheep, deer, Chinese, Japanese, fish（同一种鱼）……。如，a sheep, two sheep
d）只用复数形式：thanks, trousers, goods, clothes, socks, shoes,…
e）形复实单：physics, politics, maths, news, plastics（塑料），means.
f）形单实复：people (人民，人们)，the police, cattle等
g）集合名词如：family, public, group, class等。当作为整体时，为单数；当作为整体中的各个成员时，为复数。如： My family is a big one. My family are music lovers.
h）复合名词变复数时，(a)只把复合名词中的主体各词变为复数形式。如：sister(s)-in-law 嫂子，弟妹；step-son (s)继子；editor (s) -in-chief总编辑。
(b)如没有主体名词则在最后一个词的后面加“s”。如：grown-up(s)成年人，go-between(s)中间人
(c）woman, man作定语时，要与被修饰的名词的数一致。如：a man servant—men servants, a woman doctor—women doctors
二、名词的所有格：
1、表有生命的东西（人或动物）的名词所有格，一般在名词后加“’s”。如：Mike’s bag, Children’s Day, my brother’s room, women’s rights…
注意：1）名词复数的词尾是-s或-es，它的所有格只在词后加“s”。如：Teachers’ Day, the workers’ rest-home（工人疗养院），the students’ reading-room
2）复合名词的所有格，在后面的词后加“’s”。如：her son-in-law’s photo（她女婿的照片）；anybody else’s book（其他任何人的书）
3）如果一样东西为两人或两人以上共有，则在最后的一个名词后面加“’s”；
如果不是共有，则每个词后都要加“’s”。如：Jane and Helen’s roo m. 珍妮和海伦的房间（共有）. Bill’s and Tom’s radios. 比尔的收音机和汤姆的收音机（不共有）
4）表地点（店铺，某人的家等）的名词所有格后面，一般省去它所修饰的名词。如：the tailor’s (裁缝铺) the doctor’s (诊所) Mr Brown’s (布朗先生的家)
5）有些表时间、距离、国家、城镇的无生命的名词，也可加“’s”表所有格。
如：half an hour’s walk (半小时的路程) China’s agriculture (中国的农业)
2、表示无生命的东西的名词一般与of构成词组，表示所有格。如：the cover of the book
3、表示有生命的东西的名词也可以用of，特别是名词较长，有较多的定语时。如：
the story of Dr Norman Bethune
Do you know the name of the boy standing at the gate
4、“of词组+所有格”的用法：
在表示所属物的名词前有冠词、数词、不定代词或指示代词（如：a, two, some, a few, this, that, these, those等）时，常用“of词组+所有格”的形式来表示所有关系。如：
a friend of my father’s 我父亲的一位朋友。
some inventions of Edison’s 爱迪生的一些发明
those exercise-books of the students’ 学生们的那些练习本。
【专项训练】：
1、There are only twelve in the hospital.
A．woman doctors B．women doctors
C．women doctor D．woman doctor
2、Mr Smith has two , both of whom are teachers in a school.
A．brothers-in-law B．brother-in-laws
C．brothers-in-laws D．brothers-in law
3、——How many does a cow have
——Four.
A．stomaches B．stomach C．stomachs D．stomachies 4、Some visited our school last Wednesday.
A．German B．Germen C．Germans D．Germens 5、The of the building are covered with lots of .
A．roofs; leaves B．rooves; leafs C．roof; leaf D．roofs; leafs 6、When the farmer returned home he found three missing.
A．sheeps B．sheepes C．sheep D．sheepies 7、That was a fifty engine.
A．horse power B．horses power
C．horse powers D．horses powers
8、My father often gives me .
A．many advice B．much advice C．a lot of advices D．a few advice 9、Mary broke a while she was washing up.
A．tea cup B．a cup of tea C．tea’s cup D．cup tea 10、Can you give us some about the writer
A．informations B．information
C．piece of informations D．pieces information
11、I had a cup of and two pieces of this morning.
A．teas; bread B．teas; breads
C．tea; breads D．tea; bread
12、As is known to us all, travels much faster than .
A．lights; sounds B．light; sound
C．sound; light D．sounds; lights
13、She told him of all her and .
A．hope; fear B．hopes; fear
C．hopes; fears D．hope; fears
14、The rising did a lot of to the crops.
A．water; harm B．water; harms
C．waters; harm D．waters; harms 15、——How far away is it from here to your school
——It’s about.
A．half an hour’s drive B．half hours drives
C．half an hour drives D．half an hour drive
16、The shirt isn’t mine. It’s.
A．Mrs Smith B．Mrs’ Smith
C．Mrs Smiths’D．Mrs Smith’s
17、Miss Johnson is a friend of .
A．Mary’s mother B．Mary’s mothers’
C．M ary mother’s D．Mary’s mother’s
18、Last week I called at my .
A．aunt B．aunts C．aunt’s D．auntes’19、The beach is a throw.
A．stone B．stones C．stones’D．stone’s
20、I can hardly imagine sailing across the Atlantic Ocean in five days.
A．Peter’B．Peter C．Peters D．Peters’
【答案】：
1、B
2、A
3、C stomach（胃）虽是“ch”结尾，但其发音为[k]，所以加“s”，不用加“es”。
4、C
5、A roof, chief, gulf, belief等词的复数形式，直接加“s”。
6、C
7、A 名词作定语一般不用复数。
8、B
9、A 根据句意，打破的应是杯子，而不是茶；名词作定语表类别不用加“’s”。
10、B 11、D 12、B 13、C 14、C 15、A
16、D 根据上句，此处应是史密斯太太的衬衫。
17、D 18、C 19、D a stone’s throw是固定短语，意为“近在咫尺”。
20、B 此句中Peter作动名词sailing的所有格，本应用Peter’s，但因其在动词后作宾语，所以可用宾格，因此B为正确答案。
知识要点：
在英语的句子中，谓语动词的形式应与主语的人称和数保持一致。如何判定，则要看句子的意思。多数情况下，根据句子的主语形式就能判定，但有的则要看整句的意思，及强调的内容。下面我们就常用的、易混的几种情况作一下解释。
1、以单数名词或代词、不定式、动名词短语或从句作主语时，谓语动词要用单数形式。如：
1）The book is on the table.
2）He is reading English.
3）To work hard is necessary.（It is necessary to work hard.）
4）How you get there is a problem.
2、复数主语跟复数动词。如：Children like to play toys.
3、在倒装句中，动词的数应和它后面的主语的数一致。如以here,there开头，be 动词与后面第一个名词一致。如：
1）There is a dog near the door.
2）There were no schools in this area before liberation.
3）Here comes the bus.
4）On the wall were two famous paintings.
5）Here is Mr Brown and his children.
4、and连接两个或两个以上的并列主语时，谓语动词用复数。如果主语后跟有with, together with, except, but, perhaps , like, including, as well as, no less than, more than, rather than等引起的短语，谓语动词仍与短语前的主语的形式保持一致。如：
1）Jane, Mary and I are good friends.
2）He and my father work in the same factory.
3）His sister, no less than you, is wrong.
4）The father, rather than the brothers, is responsible for the accident.
5）He, like you and Xiao Liu is very diligent.
6）Every picture except these two has been sold.
7）Alice with her parents often goes to the park on Sundays.
8）Alice as well as her friends was invited to the concert.
9）Nobody but Mary and I was in the classroom at that time.
5、并列主语如果指的是同一个人、同一事物或同一概念时，谓语动词用单数，and后面的名词没有冠词。如：
1）The writer and worker is coming to our school tomorrow.这位工人作家明天要来我们学校。
2）Bread and butter is their daily food. 面包和黄油是他们每日的食品。
3）The writer and the worker are coming to our school tomorrow.那位作家和那位工人明天将来我们学校。
6、and连接的并列单数名词前如有each, every, no, many a修饰时，谓语动词要用单数形式。如：
1）Every boy and girl has been invited to the party.所有的孩子都被邀请参加这次聚会。2）No teacher and no student is absent today.今天没有老师和学生缺席。
3）Many a student is busy with their lessons.许许多多的学生都忙着复习他们的功课。
7、each, either, one, another, the other, neither作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。如：
1）Each takes a cup of tea.
2）Either is correct.
3）Neither of them likes this picture.
8、由every, some, any, no构成的合成代词作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。如：
1）Is everyone here
2）Nothing is to be done. 没有什么要干的事儿了。
9、关系代词who, that, which等在定语从句中作主语时，其谓语动词的数应与句中先行词的数一致。如：
1）Those who want to go please sign their names here.
2）Anyone who is against this opinion may speak out.
3）He is one of the students who were praised at the meeting.
10、表示时间、距离、价格、度量衡等的复数名词或短语作为一个整体看待时，其谓语动词常用单数形式。如：
1）Three years is not a long time.
2）Ten dollars is what he ）Five hundred miles is a long distance.
11、复数形式的专有名词作为整体看待（如人名、地点、国家、组织、书籍、报刊等），动词用单数形式。如：
1）The United States is in North America.
2）The United Nations has passed a resolution(决议)。
3）“The Arabian Nights”（《天方夜谭》）is an interesting book.
12、有些集体名词如family, team, group, class, audience（听众，观众），government等作主语时，如看作是一个整体，谓语动词则用单数形式；如强调各个成员时，谓语动词要用复数形式。如：
1）My family is going to have a long journey.我家要进行一次长途旅行。
2）My family are fond of music. 我家人都喜欢音乐。
3）The class has won the honour. 这班获得了荣誉。
4）The class were jumping for joy. 全班同学都高兴得跳了起来。
13、all, more, most, some, any, none, half, the rest等作主语时，既可表示复数意义，也可表示单数意义，谓语动词要根据实际情况而定。如：
1）All of the apple is rotten. 整个苹果都烂了。
2）All of the apples are rotten. 所有的苹果都烂了。
3）Most of the wood was used to make furniture (家具)。
14、the + 形容词（或分词）作主语时，常指一类人，谓语动词用复数形式。如指的是抽象概念，谓语动词则用单数形式。如：
1）The young are usually very active. 年轻人通常是很活跃的。
2）The wounded are being taken good care of here now. 现在伤病员们在这里受到了很好照顾。
15、or, either…or…, neither…nor…, whether…or, not only…but (also)连接的是主语，谓语动词与后一个主语一致。如：
1）Either you or I am going to the movies.
2）Not only you but also he is wrong.
16、不可数名词没有复数形式，作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。如：
1）Water is a kind of matter.
2）The news at six o’clock is true.
17、集合名词如：people, police ,cattle等作主语，谓语动词用复数形式。如：
1）The police are searching for him.
2）The cattle are grassing (吃草)。
18、population当人口讲时，谓语动词用单数形式；当人们讲时，谓语动词用复数。如：1）The population of China is larger than that of Japan.
2）One third of the population here are workers.
19、the number of + 名词复数，是表示“…的数字”，作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式；a (large / great) number of + 名词复数，表示许多，作主语时；谓语动词用复数形式。
1）The number of the students in our school is increasing year after year.
2）A number of students have gone for an outing.
20、means, politics, physics, plastics等作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。
【专项训练】
1、Nothing but cars in the shop.
A．is sold B．are sold C．were sold D．are going to sell 2、No one except Jack and Tom the answer.
A．know B．knows C．is knowing D．are known
3、Seventy percent of the students in our school from the countryside.
A．is B．are C．comes D．are coming 4、of the money used up.
A．Three-five, are B．Three-fifths, have been
C．Three-fifths, has been D．Third-fifths, is
5、The number of the people who cars increasing.
A．owns, are B．owns, is C．own, is D．own, are
6、One of Marx’s works written in English in the 1860s.
A．was B．were C．would be D．are
7、The sheets for your bed washing.
A．needs B．are needing C．want D．are wanting
8、On each side of the street a lot of trees.
A．stands B．grow C．is standing D．are grown
9、Some person calling for you at the gate.
A．are B．is C．is being D．will be 10、All that can be eaten eaten up.
A．are being B．has been C．had been D．have been
11、Tom’s teacher and friend Mr. Smith.
A．are B．is C．are being D．has
12、Your new clothes fit you, but mine me.
A．doesn’t fit B．don’t fit C．doesn’t fit for D．don’t fit for
13、Neither he nor I for the plan.
A．am B．are C．is D．were 14、Many a student that mistake before.
A．has made B．have made C．has been made D．had made
15、Peter, perhaps John, playing with the little dog.
A．is B．are C．were D．seems
16、Laying eggs the ant queen’s full-time job.
A．is B．are C．has D．have
新概念英语第一册113-144课语法点总结一．so / neither引导的简短回答 a.结构： 1.so / neither + be动词 + 主语 例：He is a dancer, so am I. 他是个舞蹈家，我也是。2.so / neither + 情态动词 + 主语 例：He can dance very well, so can I. 他跳舞跳得很好，我也是。 3.so / neither + 助动词 + 主语 例：He doesn’t like singing, neither do I. 他不喜欢唱歌，我不喜欢。 b.表示 某人也是，某人也会，某人也不是，某人也不会。 c.区别 如果前一句是肯定的，后一句用so开头； 如果前一句是否定的，后一句用neither开头。 二．not a (an) / any & no & none 1.no是个限定词，用在名词前，等同于not a或not any，用 来强调句子的否定含义。
例：I haven’t got any fingers. = I have got no fingers. 我没有手指。 I haven’t got a long tail. = I have got no long tail. 我没有一条长尾巴。 2.none : 没有人；一个也没有；一点儿也没有 例：He has got many interesting books. I have got none. 他有很多有趣的书，我一本也没有。 三．不定代词either; both; all; neither; none 注意：either表示两者任选其一。 例：Which one do you want, an apple or a pear? Either is Okay. 你想要苹果还是梨？都可以。 Either of my parents will come to see you. 我爸爸或者妈妈会来见你。 不定代词的词组： 1.both … and …两者都…… 例：Both Lily and Linda are right. Lily和Linda都是对
新概念英语第三册重点语法总结：定语从句 导读：本文新概念英语第三册重点语法总结：定语从句，仅供参考，如果觉得很不错，欢迎点评和分享。 1. 定语从句：由关系代词who, whom, whose, that, which; 关系副词when, where, why 引导。 1. The death notices tell us about people who have died during the week. 2. The man (whom) you spoke to just now is my friend. 3. The building whose lights are on is beautiful. 4. Please find a place which we can have a private talk in. 5. The knee is the joint where the thighbone meets the large bone of the lower leg. 6. He still remembers the day when he went to school. 7. It is no need telling us the reason why you didn't finish it in time. 8. He has three sons, two of whom died in the war. 9. Mr. Smith, whose wife is a clerk, teaches us English. 10. In the Sunday paper there are comics, which children enjoy. 2. 只能用that和who引导的定语从句 A.all, nothing, anything, a few, one做先行词指物时
L.1 1．五大基本句型2．零冠词精讲背诵 L.2 1.现在进行时与一般现在时2．感叹句的基本结构精讲 L.3 1.“给予”动词带双宾精讲背诵 L.4 1．现在完成时2．Accept vs.receive3.excited vs. exciting知识点和第五课重复，可以不讲 L.5 1.一般现在时与过去完成时的区别2．In 3 minutes vs. in 3 minutes’time3. 带way的短语精讲课文：背诵课文 L.6 1.in vs.on2.不定冠词的一般用法3 动词词组搭配精讲课文：背诵 L.7 1.expect的用法2．过去进行时3．When, while and as4. 小品词（副词vs介词）精讲 L.8 1.形容词和副词的比较级和最高级2．谓语动词的单复数确定精讲：背诵 L.9 1.基本时间介词的用法：at, in, on, during, through, till, until2 时间表示法次精讲 L.10 1.被动语态2．名词所有格，双重所有格（37）3.made in, made of, made from, made by精讲;鼓励背诵，加强语感 L.11 1.deserve的用法2．不定式作宾语动词后是否需要先加一个名词或代词次精讲：适合背诵L.12 1．一般将来时可以不讲 L.13 1.将来进行时和一般将来时的区别精讲 L.14 1．Except, except for, apart from次精讲 L.15 1.afford的用法2.interrupt的用法3．直接引语与间接引语精讲：背诵 L.16 1．Remind的用法2．Fail的用法3．if条件句精讲：背诵 L.17 1.in spite of2.介词的用法in, 3 情态动词精讲：鼓励背诵L. 18 1.have的多种用法（助动词，完全动词）2．关于give的词组自学课文L. 19 1.hurry的用法2．Can vs may; can vs could; may vs might3. might as well次精讲：设置场景，组对背诵 L.20 1.动名词充当主语和宾语2．Instead of vs. instead精讲：背诵 L.21 1.含助动词的被动语态2．Come into3.drive的不同用法4．Home vs. house次精讲 L.22 1 课后介词搭配练习文章次精讲 L.23 1.there is vs. it is自学课文
1. 关系副词eweek. 2. A． B which. C． D ? 3.as as A “as...as” 例如： B．as ??? as 例如： (二): . (三): 从句）gthecase. 就是that不做任 ，doubt，suggestion explanation truth，knowledge 或whether that不做 that做定
2 3 4 nity. VII. 1． 句话说） 2．括） 关系。 3． (四): 1. should might 2. er. 3. ? 4. ● 词原形，（建议） ??? ●（should oposal. arty. ●I wroteit) 通常用于动词： 属静态 被省 句子，seldom，等。
7 ???? oblem. ???? 注意：不用was 找他。 答案词， 不能说 8 ???（ ????? ( 定义：特点等。 ● ● 所属等。 1 2 smell， remain 3 面） poorly（身 ） ，usually ，below 等 ，perfectly， 注意
式地）（以前） 10.free freely (九):前，an 如： I 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11． 12 13 民 II 1． 2 3 4 5 (十): 1 “willyou”，如：
1 assroom. 2 3 ??? 别力。 (十三): 1.rise， ?“rise”提高”。 “arise”其语义为“义为“ https://www.doczj.com/doc/1a8367218.html,y， “lay” “lie” “lie” 3.sit， “sit” “seat” 4. “affect” “effect”dy. 5.hang 当hang 而当hang 6. 7.take :? 8. 9.fit, “fit”指“ 10.搭配
附录： 代词及be动词 名词复数 动词的第三人称单数形式 动词现在分词 动词过去式 过去式的读音 形容词的比较级 代词及be动词 第一人称第二人称第三人称 单数复数单数复数单数复数 主格I we you you she/he/it they 宾格me us you you her/him/it them 代词所有格my our your your her/his/its their 名词性代词mine ours yours yours hers/his/its theirs be动词现在 时 Am are are are is are be动词过去 时 was were were were was were 规则变化的名词复数形式规则1 一般情况+s e.g. shell→shells toy→toys 规则2 以s, x, ch, sh结尾+es e.g. fox→foxes church→churches 规则3 以o结尾s或+es e.g. radio→radios potato→potatoes 规则4 以f, fe结尾的，变f, fe为ves e.g. life→lives half→halves 规则5 以辅音字母+y结尾, 变y为i+es e.g. sky→skies study→studies 规则1 一般情况+s e.g. like—likes, look--looks 规则2 以s, x, ch, sh结尾+es e.g. do—does, catch--catches 规则5 以辅音字母+y结尾, 变y为i+es e.g. carry—carries, fly--flies
新概念英语第一册语法点梳理 新概念一共144课，其中单课为课文，双课为语法和练习。整本书是以单数课为正课，并附带有插图而双数课则是针对单数课所讲的内容有针对性地进行练习，从此出展现出整个新概念一教材区别于其他教材的独特之处。 以下是对新概念一整本教材的理解和剖析，以供各位对整个课本的理解和把握上参考和借鉴。 首先根据课本中出现的时态来分析： 本册书的语法出现层次性和规律性是很强的，首先我们先来整本书中都出了哪些时态，这些时态的具体分布和讲解时我们大家需要注意的递进性。 Lesson 31—34现在进行时 Lesson 37—40第一次出现be going to的将来时 Lesson 51—56一般现在时 Lesson 67—76为一般过去式 Lesson 83—90为现在完成时 Lesson 91—96为一般将来时(will) Lesson 117—118过去进行时 Lesson 119—120过去完成时 除去前面所有时态和句型所占据的76课我们一起来看一下以下的68课，每一课小的语言点，语法点都是在什么地方，应该用什么样的方式来讲解。 在这里告诉学员新概念一的每一个单课的重点都是出现双课的标题和课后的练习题里面。 Lesson1—2
语言点：与陌生人说话或引起别人的注意。Excuse me. Yes? Pardon? Thank you very much.语法点：主系表结构this为主语，名词做表语1的一般疑问句以及它的肯定回答。Is thisyour handbag? Yes, it is. Lesson 5—6 语言点：如何介绍别人。This is Miss Sophie Dupont. Nice to meet you. 语法点：主语为第三人称单数的主系表结构。She is French. He is German. It’s a Volvo.(L6)a/an的使用。 Lesson 7—8 语言点：如何自我介绍和相互认识。 语法点：主语为第二人称的主系表结构。Are you French? What nationality are you? What’s your job?特殊疑问句。Lesson 9—10 语言点：朋友或熟识的人之间如何相互问候。How are you? 语法点：主系表结构形容词做表语。 介词短语表示位置near the window, on the televion, on the wallLesson 29—30 语言点：如何发号命令。 语法点：祈使句（肯定）。 动词与宾语的固定搭配。 Lesson 37—38 语言点：如何表达将要做的事情。 语法点：现在进行时态be going to do结构表达将要发生的事情。 There be句型的一般疑问句形式。 Lesson 41-42
新概念英语第三册语法解析：类比法、夸张法、排比法 类比法(Analogy)是一种词义修辞格，把两种本质上不相同的事物就其某方面的共同 点进行比较，通过比喻说明某种道理或描绘某种复杂情况。例如，Lesson 27的第一句, “It has been said that everyone lives by selling something.” 作者把人们生活工作的方式类比成销 售货物的方式，每个人都是一定意义上的推售员，抽象的为谋生而付出的努力被比喻成具体的可供售卖的货物。通过这样的类比，读者找到了联系的线索，加深对句子的理解并引起共鸣。假如我们要借助类比描绘英语的作用，我们就可以说，“What English means to a student is what weapons mean to the soldiers who fight in the battlefield.” 或“If we obtain English proficien cy, we obtain the key which leads us to more knowledge and opportunities.” 夸张法(hyperbole)也是词义修辞，刻意地夸大或缩小把事物的特征，在数量，形状和 程度上加以渲染，“言过其实”地使事物的本质特征更好地呈现出来，给人强烈的印象。Lesson 49, 作者谈到阿姨家的仆人数量时提及”an army of servants (仆人大军)” and “the shifting population(流动人口)”, 把Bessie导致布丁砸在桌上的小意外说成“catastrophe (大 灾难)”, 不难看出这些都是夸张的例子。如果我们的朋友多不胜数，我们也可以自豪地说，“I have an army of friends.”, 但是如果他们都是“the shifting population who just come and go into my life without even a hello or goodbye (他们只是连招呼不打就来来去去的流动人口)”，那么这样的友情带来的只是一个“catastrophe”, 因为没有得到真正的知己。 排比法(Parallelism)，属于结构修辞，以语法结构对称来突出意义，增添气势。Lesson 51,阐述Bagrid预测计算机的功能, 文中出现了连续四个排比，充分证明了Bagrid非凡的 眼光，“Bagrid foresaw a time when computers would be small enough to hold in the hand, when they would be capable of providing information about traffic jams…, when they would be used in hospital…, when they would relieve office workers and accountants of dull, repetitive clerical work..”排比是最常用的修辞之一，排比项通常以三项为起点，控制于五项之内。 结合一个写大学教育的主题，以下的排比句跃然纸上, “University is the place where we absorb the most comprehensive knowledge, where we encounter friends of lifetime, where we cultivate our characters and personalities, where we create the most impressive part of our life.
新概念英语第二册：第7课课文详解及语法解析 课文详注 Further notes on the text 1.…detectives were waiting at the airport all morning. ……侦探们在机场等了整整一上午。 all 一般直接加表示时间的单数名词构成副词短语，如：all day (整整一天)，all night(整夜)，all week(整星期)，all winter(整个冬天)，all year(整年)等。但不说all hour。 whole在表达同样的意思时一般要加冠词或数词，如：a whole day/ year(一整天/年)，two whole weeks(整整两星期)。 2.…someone had told the police that thieves would try to steal the diamonds. ……有人向警方报告，说有人企图偷走这些钻石。 that后面的部分为动词tell的宾语从句。从句中的时态为过去将来时(would)。 3.When the plane arrived, some of the detectives were waiting inside the main building while others were waiting on the airfield. 当飞机到达时，一些侦探等候在主楼内，另一些侦探则守候在停机坪上。 (1)这个长句子由3个部分组成：when引导的是整个句子的时间状语从句;some of…building为主句;while 引导的是动作与主句的动作同时实行的时间状语从句。while作为连词表示“和……同时”、“当……时候”时常常引导一个过去实行时从句。(cf. 本课语法) (2)地点状语 on the airfield 与第一句中的 at the airport 意义相近。注意介词on和at的不同搭配。
新概念英语2语法总结 English）作为享誉全球的最为经典地道的英语教材，以其严密的体系性、严谨的科学性、精湛的实用性、浓郁的趣味性深受英语学习者的青睐，《新概念英语》在中国有30多年的历史，每年有数百万学习者，早已成为英语学习者的必选读物。我们抛弃以往只将《新概念英语》作为单一的泛读教材的模式，代之以全新独到的、大信息量的联想式的教学方法，多角度、全方位的教学手段，辅以丰富多彩、新颖实用的补充材料，逐步培养学员听、说、读、写、译等五大基本技能，充分发挥学生的英语学习潜力，使学员经过一定阶段的培训之后，英语水平与基本技能会有一个质的飞跃。 一、学习前的准备《新概念英语第二册》旨在全面训练学生的4项技能、理解、口语、阅读、写作。使学生具有使用语言的能力。一般来说，具有以下知识便可进入《新概念英语第二册》的学习： 1、动词be与have现在时与过去时的基本用法。 2、现在进行时，能够识别并懂得如何构成。 3、一般现在时：能够识别；懂得动词第3人称单数上添加-s,ies后缀。 4、一般过去时：能够识别并会运用常见的规划动词与不规则动词的一般过去时形态。
5、过去进行时：能够识别。 6、现在完成时（一般）：能够识别。 7、过去完成时：能够识别。 8、将来时：能够认识并运用going to, shall与will构成 将来时。 9、助动词：can, may与must的基本用法；能够识别could, might与would的形式。 10、能够用do/does/did等助动词造疑问句与否定句；能运 用疑问代词与副词。 11、能够回答以助动词与疑问词开头的问句。 12、副词：能够用-ly与-ily后缀组成副词；能够识别well, hard, fast等特例。 13、冠词：定冠词与不定冠词。懂得a/an/the的基本用法；some, any, no, much, many, a lot of 接可数、不可数名词的 用法。 14、名词：能够用-s,ves后缀组成名词复数形式；会用常见的不规则复数形式：men, women, children, teeth r等形式。 15、代词：人称代词、所有格代词、反身代词；所有符号 “”加s(s)。 16、形容词：基本用法；规则的比较级；不规则的比较级：good, bad, much与little、 17、介词：常见的地点、时间、方位介词的用法。
新概念英语第一册语法点归纳 新概念一共144课，其中单课为课文，双课为语法和练习。整本书是以单数课为正课，并附带有插图而双数课则是针对单数课所讲的内容有针对性地进行练习，从此出展现出整个新概念一教材区别于其他教材的独特之处。以下是对新概念一整本教材的理解和剖析，以供各位对整个课本的理解和把握上参考和借鉴。 首先根据课本中出现的时态来分析： 本册书的语法出现层次性和规律性是很强的，首先我们先来整本书中都出了哪些时态，这些时态的具体分布和讲解时我们大家需要注意的递进性。 Lesson 31—34 现在进行时 Lesson 37—40 第一次出现be going to 的将来时 Lesson 51—56 一般现在时 Lesson 67—76 为一般过去式 Lesson 83—90 为现在完成时 Lesson 91—96 为一般将来时(will) Lesson 117—118 过去进行时 Lesson 119—120 过去完成时 除去前面所有时态和句型所占据的76课我们一起来看一下以下的68课，每一课小的语言点，语法点都是在什么地方，应该用什么样的方式来讲解。 在这里告诉学员新概念一的每一个单课的重点都是出现双课的标题和课后的练习题里面。 Lesson1—2 语言点：与陌生人说话或引起别人的注意。Excuse me. Yes? Pardon? Thank you very much. 语法点：主系表结构this为主语，名词做表语1的一般疑问句以及它的肯定回答。Is this your handbag? Yes, it is. Lesson 5—6 语言点：如何介绍别人。This is Miss Sophie Dupont. Nice to meet you. 语法点：主语为第三人称单数的主系表结构。She is French. He is German. It’s a Volvo.(L6) a/an 的使用。
新概念英语第三册重点语法总结：名词性从句 王牌要点：通常由 that或疑问词导出。 1. How some mammals came to live in the sea is not know.(主语从句) 2. The attorney told his client that they had little chance of winning the case.(宾语从句) 3. The problem is what we'll do next.(表语从句) 4. We have no idea that he has come back.(同位语从句) 同位语(Appositive): 同位语是英语语法的重点内容，也是各类考试中的一个考点，同时，在写作中正确运用同位语可以使你的句型更加简洁得体。 《新概念英语》第三册第一课有这样一个句子： When reports came into London zoo that a wild puma had been spotted forty-five miles south of London, they were not taken seriously.
(当伦敦动物园接到报告说，在伦敦以南45英里处发现一只美洲狮时，这些报告并没 有受到重视。) 在这里，a wild puma had been spotted forty-five miles south of London就是同位语从句，它本来应该放在“reports”后面，这里却被放在了谓语成分 came into London zoo的后面， 目的是让句型显得更为稳重。 I.简单记忆：同位语从句，就是对某些名词做进一步的解释的句子。 I was greatly shocked when I heard the news that his father died yesterday. (that 引导的句子解释了news的内容，注意：that不做任何成分) We have to face the fact that the weather is unexpectedly bad. (that 引导的句子解释了fact的内容) II.联想记忆： 能接同位词从句的名词有：belief(信仰)，fact，idea，doubt，rumor(谣言)， evidence(证据)，conclusion(结论)，suggestion(建议)，problem，order，answer， discovery(发现)explanation(解释)，principle(原则)，possibility(可能性)，truth，promise(承诺)，report(报告)，statement(声明)，knowledge(知识)，opinion(观点)，likelihood(可能性) [大声朗读三遍，背下即可。]
新概念英语第二册语法 总结 Revised as of 23 November 2020
《新概念英语第二册》语法总结 知识要点： 冠词是一种虚词，放在名词的前面，帮助说明名词的含义。冠词分不定冠词（The Indefinite Article）和定冠词（The definite Article）两种。a (an) 是不定冠词，a用在辅音之前：如a book, a man; an用在元音之前，如：an old man, an hour, an interesting book等。the是定冠词。 一、不定冠词的用法 1、指人或事物的某一种类（泛指）。这是不定冠词a (an)的基本用法。如：She is a girl. I am a teacher. Please pass me an apple. 2、指某人或某物，但不具体说明何人或何物。如：He borrowed a story-book from the library. A Wang is looking for you. 一位姓王的同志正在找你。 3、表示数量，有“一”的意思，但数的概念没有one强烈。如： I have a mouth, a nose and two eyes. 4、用于某些固定词组中。如：a bit, a few, a little, a lot of, a piece of, a cup of, a glass of, a pile of, a pair of, have a good time, for a while, for a long time等。 5、用在抽象名词前，表具体的介绍——a + 抽象名词，起具体化的作用。如： This little girl is a joy to her parents. 这女孩对她父母来说是一个乐趣。 It is a pleasure to talk with you. 跟您交谈真是一件愉快的事情。 It is an honour to me to attend the meeting. 参加这个会，对我来说是一种荣誉。 二、定冠词的用法： 1、特指某（些）人或某（些）事物。这是定冠词the的基本用法。如： Beijing is the capital of China. The pen on the desk is mine.
新概念英语第1册第87-88课课重点语法 第87-88课的内容： 一、重要句型或语法 1、现在完成时 表示过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响或结果，基本形式为have/has done。本课侧重的是标志性词语yet的用法和不规则的过去分词。如：Have your mechanics finished yet? 二、课文主要语言点 Is my car ready yet? 1)ready，准备好了的。 2)yet用于疑问句，起加强语气作用。 What's the number of your car? It's LFZ 312G. 1)What's the number of ...?，用来询问某物的号码，如：What's the number of your phone?，相当于What's your phone number? 2)汽车牌照的号码只要按顺序逐个读出即可。 When did you bring it to us? I brought it here three days ago. 1)此处动词采用一般过去时，是因为他们在讨论的是三天前发生的事情。 2)bring sth. to sb.，把某物带给某人。 3)可复习ago表示过去时间的用法。 Ah, I remember now. 注意remember的读音和拼写。 Have your mechanics finished yet? No, they're still working on it. 1)finish，完成，结束。如果后面再接动词，要用doing，如finish working。 2)此处yet用来加强语气。 3)still，仍然，用来加强语气。 4)work on sth.，忙于。 Let's go into the garage and have a look at it. 1)Let's用来引导祈使句，后面要接动词原形。 2)注意garage的发音：美 [ɡ?'rɑ??] ;英 ['ɡ?rɑ??]。 3)have a look at sth.，看一看某物。 Isn't that your car? Well, it was my car. 1)Isn't在此用来引导反问句。 2)此处的was用了斜体，起到强调作用，意思是这车子曾经是我的，但现在不是了。意思是：车子坏得已经认不出来了。 Didn't you have a crash? have a crash，表示出车祸了、撞车了。crash作为动
新概念英语二册语法详解和总结 《新概念英语》（New Concept English）作为享誉全球的最为经典地道的英语教材，以其严密的体系性、严谨的科学性、精湛的实用性、浓郁的趣味性深受英语学习者的青睐，《新概念英语》在中国有 30多年的历史，每年有数百万学习者，早已成为英语学习者的必选读物。我们抛弃以往只将《新概念英语》作为单一的泛读教材的模式，代之以全新独到的、大信息量的联想式的教学方法，多角度、全方位的教学手段，辅以丰富多彩、新颖实用的补充材料，逐步培养学员听、说、读、写、译等五大基本技能，充分发挥学生的英语学习潜力，使学员经过一定阶段的培训之后，英语水平与基本技能会有一个质的飞跃。 一、学习前的准备 《新概念英语第二册》旨在全面训练学生的4项技能、理解、口语、阅读、写作。使学生具有使用语言的能力。一般来说，具有以下知识便可进入《新概念英语第二册》的学习： 1、动词be与have现在时与过去时的基本用法。 2、现在进行时，能够识别并懂得如何构成。 3、一般现在时：能够识别；懂得动词第3人称单数上添加-s, -es, 或 -ies后缀。 4、一般过去时：能够识别并会运用常见的规划动词与不规则动词的一般过去时形态。 5、过去进行时：能够识别。 6、现在完成时（一般）：能够识别。 7、过去完成时：能够识别。 8、将来时：能够认识并运用going to, shall与will构成将来时。 9、助动词：can, may与must的基本用法；能够识别could, might与would 的形式。 10、能够用do/does/did等助动词造疑问句与否定句；能运用疑问代词与副词。 11、能够回答以助动词与疑问词开头的问句。 12、副词：能够用-ly与-ily后缀组成副词；能够识别well, hard, fast等特例。 13、冠词：定冠词与不定冠词。懂得a/an/the的基本用法；some, any, no, much, many, a lot of 接可数、不可数名词的用法。 14、名词：能够用-s, -es，-ves后缀组成名词复数形式；会用常见的不规则复数形式：men, women, children, teeth r等形式。 15、代词：人称代词、所有格代词、反身代词；所有符号“'”加s('s)。 16、形容词：基本用法；规则的比较级；不规则的比较级：good, bad, much与little. 17、介词：常见的地点、时间、方位介词的用法。 18、关系代词：能够识别并使用who/whom, which/that。 19、this/that; these/those。 20、省略形式：it's, I'm, isn't, didn't等。 21、There is/it is; there are/they are。
新概念第三册语法精粹 第一章英语从句 Subordination 英语从句主要有定语从句，状语从句和名词性从句（主语从句，宾语从句，表语从句，同位语从句） 一．定语从句 定语从句：由关系代词who, whom, whose, that, which; 关系副词when, where, why 引导。 （下面十个句子请读5遍并脱口译出！） 1. The death notices tell us about people who have died during the week. 2. The man (whom) you spoke to just now is my friend. 3. The building whose lights are on is beautiful. 4. Please find a place which we can have a private talk in. 5. The knee is the joint where the thighbone meets the large bone of the lower leg. 6. He still remembers the day when he went to school. 7. It is no need telling us the reason why you didn't finish it in time. 8. He has three sons, two of whom died in the war. 9. Mr. Smith, whose wife is a clerk, teaches us English. 10. In the Sunday paper there are comics, which children enjoy.
NEW CONCEPT ENGLISH BOOK 2 practice : 训练, progress : 进步 If you practice more, then you can make great progress. 五项综合训练技能listening : 听力 speaking : 说话 grammar : 语法writing : 写作 reading : 阅读 translation : 译knowledge +skills Lesson 1 A private conversation 【New words and expressions】（12） private conversation theatre seat play loudly angry angrily attention bear business rudely adj. 私人的n. 谈话n. 剧场，戏院n. 座位n. 戏adv. 大声地adj. 生气的adv. 生气地n. 注意v. 容忍n. 事adv. 无礼地，粗鲁地 ★private adj.私人的 ①adj. 私人的 private life 私生活 private school 私立学校 It’s my private letter. （如果妈妈想看你的信）It’s my private house. （如果陌生人想进你的房子）②adj. 普通的 private citizen 普通公民 I’m a private citizen. （citizen n. 公民）private soldier 大兵 《Private Ryan》（《拯救大兵瑞恩》） public adj. 公众的，公开的（private的反义词）public school 公立学校public letter 公开信 public place 公共场所 privacy n.隐私 It’s privacy. 这是我的隐私!(不愿让别人知道的)
新概念英语第二册语法总结：过去将来时 过去将来时： 1．构成：should / would + 动词原形 2．功能： （1）表示从过去某个时刻看将要发生的动作或状态。 ?. He said that they would meet me at the station. （2）此用法常用于间接引语中。 测试精编 1. On television last night the newscaster announced that the leader ________ on Saturday. A. is arriving B. will arrive C. would be arrived D. would arrive 2. He told us that he would begin the dictation when we________ ready. A. will be B. would be C. were D. are 3. My aunt ________ to see us, she would be here soon. A. is corning B. was coming C. came D. had came 4. They would be given a new house if more ________ the next year. A. will be built B. would be built C. are built D. were built （后设答案，大家不要偷看哦~(*^__^*) 嘻嘻……） KEYS
1. D 2. C 3. B 4. D
新概念英语第一册： 129-130课语法及单词解析 【篇一】 语法 Grammar in use 表示猜测和推断的情态助动词must和can't(2) must与can't不仅能表达对现在和将来的猜测和推断，而且能表达对过去的猜测和推断——这时可用 must have been表示肯定的推断，用can't have been(而不是mustn't have been)来表示否定的推断，如后面跟进行时则表示对过去正在进行的动作的猜测。请看例句： You must have been driving at seventy miles an hour. 你当时肯定正以每小时70英里的速度行驶。 I didn't see it. I must have been dreaming. 我没看见。我当时一定是在胡思乱想吧。 She can't have been 29.She must have been 36. 她那时肯定不会是29岁，她一定36岁了。 He can't have been reading. He must have been sleeping. 他那时肯定不是在看书，他准是在睡觉。 【篇二】 词汇学习 Word study charge v. (1)罚款;使承受经济负担： He was charged by the policeman for speeding. 他因开车超速而被警察罚款。
(2)要(价);收(费)： The hotel charged them ￡ 900 for one night. 饭店向他们索要900英镑作为住一晚的费用。(3)指控;指责： They charged him with murder. 他们指控他犯了谋杀罪。 【篇三】 dream v. (1)做梦;梦见： He dreamt about his grandmother last night. 他昨天夜里梦见他的祖母了。 Do you often dream at night? 你晚上经常做梦吗? (2)梦想;幻想： She dreamed that one day she would be as free as a bird 她幻想着有一天自己能像鸟儿那般自由。 I once dreamed of becoming a famous doctor. 我曾一度梦想着成为一位的医生。 (3)出神;心不在焉;空想： Don't dream away your life! 不要在想入非非中虚度你的人生。 Sorry, I didn't see the sign. I must have been dream ing.
2012年新概念英语第三册语法句型总结 根据语法要求，把谓语动词置于主语前，称为完全倒装，把助动词或情态动词置于主语前，称为部分倒装。1．副词如：in,out,down,there,here,off,over,away,etc.句子倒装。（完全倒装，但主语不能是代词）Down jumped the murderer from the tenth floor.In came Miss Green.特别注意：当主语是人称代词时不倒装。Away she went!（她走了！）Here you are!（你在这儿！）1.由关系代词who,whom,whose,that,which;关系副词when,where,why引导。 （下面十个句子请读5遍并脱口译出！） e.g.1.The death notices tell us about people who have died during the week.2.The man (whom)you spoke to just now is my friend.3.The building whose lights are on is beautiful.4. Please find a place which we can have a private talk in.5.The knee is the joint where the thighbone meets the large bone of the lower leg.6.He still remembers the day when he went to school.7.It is no need telling us the reason why you didn't finish it in time.8.He has three sons, two of whom died in the war.9.Mr.Smith,whose wife is a clerk,teaches us English.10.In the Sunday paper there are comics,which children enjoy. 2.只能用that和who引导的定语从句 A.all,nothing,anything,a few,one做先行词指物时 B.先行词前有形容词最高级修饰时，后面常跟that而不是which C.先行词前有the only,the first,the last,the next,the very等词修饰时，引导词只能用that D.当先行词是anyone,anybody,everyone,everybody,someone, somebody时，后面要用who或whome.g.All that glitters is not gold.闪光的并非都是金子。 3.as引导定语从句 A.引导限制性语从句。在此类定语从句中，as常与主语中作为其先行词的such,the same 或as联用构成，"such...as"，"the same...as"和"as...as"句型，可代替先行词。e.g.We hope to get such a tool as he is using.我们希望得到他正在用的那种工具。 B.as引导非限制性定语从句时，作用与which相同，as作为关系代词代替整个主句。(这是语法考试的一个考点。)注意区别：as引导的从句用于句首、句中或句后，而which引导的定语从句不能放在句首。e.g.As is reported,a foreign delegation will visit the city.据报道，一个外国代表团将访问这个城市。①原因：because,since,now that（既然）as,for,this reason... ②结果：so that,so,therefore,consequently,so as to,as a result... ③时间：after,before,when,while,as,until,as soon as,since,by the time,once,lately, presently,shortly after,currently,at present,nowadays... ④条件：if,only if,once,unless,in the event(that),in case(that),provided that,on the condition that... ⑤让步：though,although,even though(if),no matter what/how/when→whatever/ however/whenever... ⑥目的：in order that,in order to,to, 王牌要点：通常由that或疑问词导出。1.How some mammals came to live in the sea is not know.（主语从句）2.The attorney told his client that they had little chance of winning the case.（宾语从句）3.The problem is what we'll do next.（表语从句）4.We have no idea that he has come back.（同位语从句）同位语（Appositive）：同位语是英语语法的重点内容，也是各类考试中的一个考点，同时，在写作中正确运用同位语可以使你的句型更加简洁得体。 《新概念英语》第三册第一课有这样一个句子：When reports came into London zoo that a wild puma had been spotted forty-five miles south of London,they were not taken seriously.（当伦敦动物园接到报告说，在伦敦以南45英里处发现一只美洲狮时，这些报告并没有受到重