★指代（后行）it:
1.It的基本用法是用来指代上文所提到的事物。如：
Whatever you do or say, ask yourself whether it is in the interests of the people.
A: Pass me a blue pen. B: Here it is / Here you are.
2.it, that, one, the one, ones, the ones 用于指代用法时的区别:
（1）it代替上文提及的原物(复数用they)；one指代上文提及的、泛指的可数名词单数（复数ones）；that指代上文提及的定指的可数名词单数或不可数名词（复数those）, the ones 相当于these, those。
There is a river along the village. ______ is a river with a long history.
The red pen is on the desk and ______ is Tom's. This pen is mine and ______ is Tom's.
This pen is mine and ______ on the desk is Tom's. Mother bought a new bike and gave ________ to me.
My mother bought me a new dictionary and her mother will buy her _____ too.
Milk with sugar tastes better than ________ without sugar.
A pencil with rubber is more useful than ________ without rubber.
Bikes made in Shanghai are better than ________ made in Changsha.
（2）用以代替提示代词this, that。
—What’s this? —It’s a knife. —Whose watch is that? —It’s mine.
（3）起指示代词的作用，指一个人或事物。—Who is knocking at the door? —It’s me.
（4）指环境情况等。It was very noisy (quiet) at the very moment.
（5）指时间、季节等。—What time is it? —It’s eight o’clock. It often rains in summer here.
（6）指距离。It is a long way to the school.
（7）作形式主语。It is not easy to finish the work in two days.
It is no use crying over spilt milk. It is as pity that you didn’t read the book.
（8）作形式宾语。I think it no use arguing with him.
I found it very interesting to study English.
He made it clear that he was not interested in that subject.
（9）用于强调结构。
It was Xiaoming whom(that)I met in the street last night. It was in the street that I met Xiaoming last night.
It ws last night that I met Xiaoming in the street. It was I who met Xiaoming in the street last night.
2、含有“It is …”的句型
（1）It is time (for sb.) to do sth. It is (high) time that sb. did sth.(虚拟语气)
（2）It is + 形容词（+of / for sb.）+ to do sth.
通常用of的词有brave、clever、careful、hopeless、kind、good、naughty、nice、silly、stupid、foolish、wise等。（3）It is + 形容词+ that + sb. + (should) do sth.（虚拟语气）
能用于这个句型的形容词有strange、wonderful、natural、good、proper、right、wrong、well、fortunate、important、necessary、useless、likely、probable、impossible等。有时可省去should而直接用动词原形。如：
It is important that we should pay close attention to grain. It is natural that he（should）say so.
（4）It is no use/ good + doing sth. It is no use trying again = It is of no use to try again.
（5）It is + 被强调部分+ that/who + …
Was it in the street that you met her? Who was it that called him“comrade”?
It was not until yesterday that I met my old friend.
It is in a small factory that my brother is going to work.（注意上述各句均为强调句型的“考点”）
比较：It is a small factory where my brother is going to work.（定语从句）
（6）It is said/reported/ann ounced/ (well) known … that…
（7）It is/was + 时间+ since … 从……已多久了。
It is three years since I met him in Beijing.
It was a long time since I (had) lived in that small mountain village with these farmers.（注意两句中的时态）
It is five months since I arrived in New York.我到纽约已经五个月了。
It is five months since I was in New York.我离开纽约已经五个月了。
（注意：终止性动词表示从动作发生时算起；如果是状态动词或持续性动词，则从动作或状态结束时算起。）
（8）It is + 时间+ before …
这个句型和上面句型中时间都是时间段，如long、years、months、weeks、five days、three
hours、twenty minutes等。不过主句的时态多用一般将来时或一般过去时。
It will be several years before we meet again. 我们要过好几年才能再见面。
It was not long before they set out for the front. 不久他们就出发去了前线。
（9）It is /was/will be the first/second/third … time that …
It is the first time that I have been here. It was the second time that he had seen the film.
（10）It is up to sb. to do sth … 应由某人做某事。It is up to you to decide whether we start or not.
★3. He didn't find he had his wallet stolen until he got off the bus.
→Not until he got off the bus did he find he had his wallet stolen
→It was not until he got off the bus that he found he had his wallet stolen.
→Was it not until he got off the bus that he found he had his wallet stolen?
→When was it that he found he had his wallet stolen?
★强调句的有关知识（定义：强调句型是通过it强调词来改变句子结构，使句子的某一成分受到强调而构成的强调结构）
(1) 陈述句的强调句型：It is/ was + 被强调部分（通常是主语、宾语或状语）+ that/ who（当强调主语且主语指人）+ 其它部分。强调句可以强调除谓语以外的一切成分。下面我们针对I met Li Ming at the railway station yesterday.句子进行强调。如：强调主语：It was I that (who) met Li Ming at the railway station yesterday.
强调宾语：It was Li Ming that I met at the railway station yesterday.
强调地点状语：It was at the railway station that I met Li Ming yesterday.
强调时间状语：It was yesterday that I met Li Ming at the railway station.
(2) 一般疑问句的强调句型：同上，只是把is/ was提到it前面。 e.g. Was it yesterday that he met my old friend?
(3) 特殊疑问句的强调句型：被强调部分（通常是疑问代词或疑问副词）+ is/ was + it + that/ who + 其它部分？
e.g. When was it that you were born?
注意点：第一、构成强调句的it本身没有词义；强调句中的连接词一般只用that, who，即使在强调时间状语和地点状语时也如此，that, who不可省略。第二、It's ....that/who....的强调句型只是为了强调某一成分，而不充当成分。所以它和It 作形式主语，真正的主语从句后置的情况有所不同。
例句: 1.It's necessary that we should learn English.(主语从句)
2.It's not until he got off the bus that he realized his money was stolen.(强调句型)
解析：因为强调句型中的It's....that/who....在句子中不充当任何成分。所以去掉后句子依然完整。
例子2去掉It's....that/who....后就成了until he got off the bus he realized his money was stolen. 而例子1去掉后句子则不完整。
★(4) not … until … 句型的强调句
1、句型为：It is/ was not until + 被强调部分+ that + 其它部分
e.g. 普通句：He didn’t go to bed until/ till his son came back. 强调句：It was not until his son came back that he went to bed.
2、注意：此句型只用until，不用till。但如果不是强调句型，till, until可通用；因为句型中It is/ was not … 已经是否定句了，that后面的从句要用肯定句，切勿再用否定句了。
备注：同学们在平时的学习和复习中一定要注意辨析强调句型与定语从句、主语从句、状语从句的异同。
3. 谓语动词的强调
(1)、It is/ wa s … that … 结构不能强调谓语，如果需要强调谓语时，用助动词do/ does或did。
e.g. Do sit down. 务必请坐。He did write to you last week. 上周他确实给你写了信。
Do be careful when you cross the street. 过马路时，务必（千万）要小心啊！
(2)、注意：此种强调只用do/ does和did ，没有别的形式；过去时用did ，后面的谓语动词用原形。
一般现在时态的被动语态练习 分析下列各句的句子类型，然后将下列句子改为被动句。 1. We clean the classroom every day. 2. I always borrow CDs from him. 3. The teachers take good care of the children in the kindergarten. 4. The students don’t learn chemistry in Junior Two. 5. People don't grow rice in the west of Japan. 6. Mr Hu teaches us English. 1) 2) 7. Jack gives Peter Christmas presents every year.. 1) 2) 8. We offer him our congratulations on his winning the competition. 1) 2)
9. We find English very useful. 10. Mother asks me to wash hands before dinner. 11. The policeman tells the children not to play in the street. 12. I often hear him sing songs upstairs. 13. Mother never lets me watch TV . 14. Do they plant trees in and around our city every year? 15. Do many teenagers like the books written by Han Han? 16. What colour does John paint his house? 17. How many desks do they buy every term? 18. What does the teacher often tell the boys to do?
文言文文言句式专项训练及答案
文言句式练习（一）判断句 一、指出下列文言句式的类型及其特点。 1、廉颇者，赵之良将也。 2、夫战，勇气也。 3、直不百步耳，是亦走也。 4、臣乃市井鼓刀屠者。 5、此则岳阳楼之大观也。 6、环滁皆山也。 7、如今人方为刀俎，我为鱼肉。 8、问今是何世，乃不知有汉，无论魏晋。 9、非我也，兵也。 二、选择题 1．下列各组句子中，句式不相同的一组是( ) A．庭有枇杷树，吾妻死之年所手植也如今人方为刀俎，我为鱼肉 B．故今之墓中全乎为五人也刘备天下枭雄 C 《诗》三百篇，大底圣贤发愤之所为作也妪，先大母婢也 D．屈平疾王听之不聪也城北徐公齐国之美丽者也 2．下列句子中与另三句的句式特点不相同的一句是( ) A．予本非文人画士 B．此言士节不可不勉励也 C．六国破灭，非兵不利，战不善 D．夫病者所见非鬼也 3．下列句中“为”字用法不表判断的一项是( ) A．是为何谷 B．何为以公名 C．以臣为愚 D．故今之墓中全乎为五人也 4．下列句子中句式不同子其他三句的是( ) A．管仲贤佐也 B．桓公霸君也 C．故凡为愚者，莫我若也 D．此乃臣效命之秋也 三、阅读下文，指出划线句子是何种句式。 齐桓公出猎，逐鹿而走入山谷之中，见一老公而问之，曰：“1是为何谷？”对曰：“为愚公之谷。”桓公曰：“何故？”对曰：“以臣名之。”桓公曰：“2今视公之仪状，非愚人也，何为以公名？”对曰：“臣请陈之，臣故畜牸（zì）牛，生子而大，卖之而买驹。少年曰：‘牛不能生马。’遂持驹去。3傍邻闻之，以臣为愚，故名此谷为愚公之谷。”桓公曰：“公诚愚矣！夫何为而与之。”桓公遂归。明日朝，以告管仲。管仲正衿再拜曰：“4此夷吾之愚也。 使尧在上，咎繇为理，安有取人之驹者乎？若有见暴如是叟者，又必不与也。公知狱讼之不正，故与之耳，请退而修政。”孔子曰：“弟子记之，5桓公，霸君也；管仲，贤佐也。犹有以智为愚者也，况不及桓公、管仲者与。”（《说苑?政理》） 文言句式练习（二）被动句 一、指出下列文言句式的类型及其特点。 1、不拘于时，学于余 2、秦城恐不可得，徒见欺。 3、吾常见笑于大方之家。 4、而身死国灭，为天下笑 5、不者，若属皆且为所虏 6、信而见疑，忠而被谤。 7、洎牧以谗诛，邯郸为郡 8、怀王以不知忠臣之分，故内惑于郑袖，外欺于张仪。 二、选择题 1．下列句中加点词的意义和用法相同的一组是( ) A．吾长见．笑于大方之家兰芝初还时，府吏见．丁宁 B．身死人手，为．天下笑者，何也其印为．予从辈所得 C．生孩六月，慈父见．背今是溪独见．辱于愚，何哉 D．予犹记周公之被．逮，在丁卯三月之望世之有饥穰，天之行也，禹汤被．之矣 2．下列句中不是被动句的一句是（） A．故内惑于郑袖，外欺于张仪 B．不能容于远近 C．古人之观于天地、山川、草木、虫鱼、鸟兽
高中英语语法系统全解 第一章动词时态 在英语中，不同时间发生的动作或存在的状态，要用不同的动词形式来表示，这就叫做动词的时态。一、一般时 一般时包括一般现在时、一般过去时、一般将来时和一般过去将来时。 A.一般现在时 1．一般现在时的构成 一般现在时主要用动词原形来表示。主语是第三人称单数时，动词后面要加-s 或-es。 They want good jobs. 他们想要好的工作。 The coat matches the dress. 外衣和裙子很相配。 This work does not satisfy me. 这项工作我不满意。 Do you understand? 你懂了吗? 2．一般现在时的用法 ①一般现在时的基本用法 a. 表示现在习惯性的动作或存在状态 He always takes a walk after supper. 晚饭后他总是散散步。 Everyone is in high spirits now. 现在大家都情绪高涨。 b. 表示客观事实或普遍真理 The sun rises in the east and sets in the west. 太阳从东方升起在西方落下。 Sound travels faster through water than it does through air. 声音在水中的传播速度要比在空气中快。
Time and tide wait for no man. 时间不等人。 c. 表示主语的特征、能力和状态 This cloth feels soft. 这布摸上去很软。 I love classical music. 我喜欢古典音乐。 The President still seems able to find time to go fishing. 看来总统仍能有时间去钓鱼。 d. 表示按计划或安排将要发生的动作 The meeting begins at 7:00. 会议七点钟开始。 We leave here at 8:00 sharp. 我们八点整离开这里。 e. 在时间、条件、让步状语从句中表示将来动作 When you come next time, bring me some magazines. 你下次来时，给我带几本杂志。 If time allows, we shall go there tomorrow. 如果时间允许的话，我们明天去那里。 Whether he agrees or not, I will stay at home. 不管他同意与否，我都会待在家里。 ②一般现在时的特殊用法 a. 用于新闻标题或图片说明中 China Declares Manned Spaceflight Successful 中国宣布载人航天飞行圆满成功 Laura Bush Arrives in Moscow 劳拉·布什抵达莫斯科 b. 用于体育运动、表演等实况报道中 Francis slips past, passes the ball to Yao Ming, who jumps, catches and shoots it into the basket.
人教版高中英语必修二 知识点梳理 重点题型（常考知识点）巩固练习 限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句 概念引入： He is a person who never gives up. 他是个永远不服输的人。 I found him in the woods, where has a well-known tree. (我是在树林里找到他的，那里有一棵很有名的树。) Our guide,(who was a Frenchman, ) was an excellent cook. 我们的导游是个很优秀的厨师，他是个法国人 She was not on the train which arrived just now。 她没在刚刚到达的那辆车上 语法点拨 什么是定语从句？ 修饰主语、宾语、表语的句子就叫做定语从句。引导定语从句的关系词有： 关系代词：who, whom, whose, which, that 关系副词：when, where, why 我们把下面两个句子组合成一个复合句： 1. This is our school. It is beautiful. →This is our school which is beautiful. 2. This is our school. We study in our school. →This is our school which we study in. →This is our school in which we study. →This is our school where we study. 3. Do you know the room? It is made of amber. →Do you know the room which is made of amber? 4. I have read the newspaper. It carries the important news. →I have read the newspaper which carries the important news. 从上述定语从句的组合我们可以看出： 先行词和关系词的关系：关系代词实际上是先行词的复指；关系词whose 实际上是先行词的所有格。 1. A plane is a machine that can fly. the machine = that 2. The boy who broke the window is called Wangkai. the boy =who 3. The boy whose parents are working outside was brought up by his grandfather. the boy’s =whose 【高一英语语法（二）定语从句（二）356521限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句】
中考被动语态专项训练-讲解+句型转换 主动语态与被动语态 一.概念:主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者,被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。 二.被动语态的构成：助动词be+及物动词的过去分词 三.被动语态的时态:以为work 例: 1. 一般现在时: am / is/are+ worked 2. 一般过去时: was / were+ worked 3. 一般将来时: shall / will +be+ worked 4. 过去将来时: should / would+ worked 5. 现在进行时: am /is/are+ being+ worked 6. 过去进行时: was /were+ being+ worked 7. 过去进行时: was/were +being +worked 8. 现在完成时: have/has+ been+ worked 9. 过去完成时: had +been+ worked 10. 将来完成时: shall/ will +have been +worked 11. 过去将来完成时: should/would +have been+ worked 12. 情态动词 (can/may/must/should etc.)+be+动词的过去分词 四. 用法： 当我们不知道谁是动作的执行者或者没有必要指出谁是动作的执行者时或者只需强调动作的承受者时，要用被动语态。 五. 方法： Many people speak English.(主动语态) English is spoken by many people.（被动语态） 六. 注意以下问题： A. 带有双宾语的动词变为被动语态时，可以把其中一个宾语变为被动语态的主语，若将直接宾语(sth.)变为主语，须根据习惯在原间接宾语前加上介词to或for . 用to的常见词有：give, show, send, lend, pass, pay, teach, throw, take, bring etc. 用for的常见词有：make, choose, sing, play, draw, save, buy, get, leave, cook etc. eg. 1. Mary gave him some books. He was given some books by Mary. Some books were given to him by Mary. 2. Her father bought her a new bike. She was bought a new bike by her father. A new bike was bought for her by her father. B. 带复合宾语（宾语+宾语补足语）的动词变为被动语态时，只能将宾语变为被动语态的主语，宾语补足语不可变为主语。 eg. 1. We call him Gina. He is called Gina (by us). 2. They made me happy.
必修一 语法点一：Be+v.ing表将来 use the present continuous tense for future plans In English, we have lots of ways of talking about the future. The most common ways of talking about the future we encounter use ‘will’ or ‘be going to’ followed by an infinitive（动词原形）, and we tend to use ‘be going to’ most often for talking about future plans. Sometimes, we also use the present continuous tense to talk about future plans. Ex. ①we are going to Mexico next Sunday. ② Are you coming to the cinema? ③ He is leaving for London in two hours. ④ We are spending next winter in Australia. Only some verbs can be used in this situation, such as: go, arrive, come, leave, start, stay, return, play, have, work, wear, spend, see, meet, etc. 扩展： What’s the difference between using ‘be going to’ and the present continuous to talk about future plans? Let’s look at some more examples: “I’m going to play football on Saturday” You have made a plan in your head but possibly not taken any real action to confirm it. Also, playing football on Saturday is probably not a regular event for you. “I’m playing football on Saturday” You have made a plan and taken some real action to confirm it (e.g. called your friends or booked a place to play). In this case, it’s likely that playing football on Saturdays is a common activity for you. 语法点二：Direct speech and indirect speech(直接引语和间接引语) Let's first define the terms, then look at how to talk about what someone said, and how to convert speech from direct to indirect or vice-versa. You can answer the question What did he say? in two ways: by repeating the words spoken (direct speech) by reporting the words spoken (indirect or reported speech). Direct speech repeats, or quotes, the exact words spoken. When we use direct speech in writing, we place the words spoken between quotation marks (" ") and there is no change in these words. Reported or indirect speech is usually used to talk about the past, so we normally change the tense of the words spoken. We use reporting verbs like 'say', 'tell', 'ask', and we may use the word 'that' to introduce the reported words. Quotation marks are not used. 1、declarative sentence陈述句 ①Change in pronoun:The pronoun (subject) of the reported speech is changed according to the pronoun of reporting verb or object (person) of reporting verb (first part of sentence). Sometimes the pronoun may not change. In following example the pronoun of reported speech is “I” which will be changed
【英语】英语被动语态练习题20篇及解析 一、单项选择被动语态 1．—Are we about to have dinner? —Yes，it ________ in the dining room. A．serves B．is serving C．is being served D．has been serving 【答案】C 【解析】 考查时态。因serve与it(dinner)是动宾关系，要用被动语态；由问句中的are about to(即将) have dinner和答语Yes可知，已“在”供应dinner了，故用现在进行时的被动语态。故选 C。 2．Our teacher keeps telling us that the future to the well-educated. A．belonging B．belongs C．is belonging D．is belonged 【答案】B 【解析】 考查短语：belong to 属于，没有进行时态没有被动语态。故答案选B。 3．It's great that all the visitors who on the island were saved. A．trapped B．have been trapped C．had trapped D．had been trapped 【答案】D 【解析】 【详解】 考查时态和被动语态。句意：所有被困在岛上的游客都得救了，这真是太棒了。由were saved可知此事发生在过去，且被困应在被救之前，应用过去完成时；同时，visitors和 trap构成被动关系，应使用过去完成时的被动语态。故D选项正确。 4．In no time______ by a string of measures backing Hainan’s efforts to deepen reform and opening-up. A．the landmark decision was followed B．was the landmark decision followed C．did the landmark decision follow； D．the landmark decision had been followed; 【答案】A 【解析】 【详解】 考察句子语序。句意：在这重大决议之后会出台一系列的办法来支持海南深化改革和扩大
2020 高考英语考前备考轻松练之语法填空 1.【2020届河南省洛阳市高三5 月第三次统一考试】阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Some people just can ' t keep from giving. That was the way it was with my neighbour. Although disabled, she was very active. In fact, she did more for the community ( 社区)every day 41 ．I ever do in a year ' s time. I was always amazed at the pace she kept. On Mondays and Fridays, she worked at a college giving students guidance so that they could have a good 42．(choose) of career. On Tuesdays and Thursdays she helped out as a volunteer to give aid to people without 43 ．(home). And on the weekends, she 44．(teach) local kids who needed extra help with their schoolwork. And most 45 ．( important) , she always had a positive attitude. I don ' t once 46．( hear) her complaints about her troubles. 47．stresses of everyday life seemed to make her look for every occasion she could find 48．( spread) her good humor around instead 49．bothering her. 1 remember when I had just lost my job, she spent a day with me and listened to me. She never became impatient with my complaints. What I regret now 50 ．(be) not having ever really done anything for her. I suppose she never needed it. 2.【2020届河南省济源平顶山许昌高三第三次质量检测( 许昌市四模) 】阅读下面短文，在空白处填人1个 适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 I was in Shenzhen, China, and a family stopped me and my wife and asked us if they could have their children take a photo with us. They were 41 ．(tour) from the inland of the country, and had never seen an American before. 42．similar thing happened in Shanghai. This time I was alone wandering across the Waibaidu Bridge, and a group of teenage girls asked me43．I could pose with them for a photo. I was happy, and I returned them all my smiles as the photo44．(take) Another surprise: I was in Pudong and I couldn't find the entrance to the subway. I approached a man 45．(walk) near me, showing him the ride ticket, and he nodded46 ．(smart). Then he indicated I should follow. We went about 4 blocks. He pointed to the entrance, smiled, turned and walked away. I had no time47 ．(offer) him a trip, which was a good thing because it might have been taken 48 ．an insult ( 侮辱). I couldn't believe that he had taken so much trouble for a stranger. Again, similar experiences repeated 49．(them) across China. The friendliness of the people, their kindness, and their eagerness to help was50．(condition). I don't know if that should be classified as "cultural shock", but it made me think about the Us, and how I rarely experience such kindness in my own country. 3.【2020 届山东省潍坊市高三高考模拟（二模）】
语法填空 A jobless man applied for the position of “office boy” at a big firm. The HR manager ___31__ (interview) him, then a test: clean the floor. “You are hired,” he said, “give me your email address, ___32__ I’ll send you the application to fill.” The man replied “I don’t have a computer, ___33__ an email”. “I’m sorry,” said the HR manager, “that means you do not exist. And ___34__ doesn’t exist cannot have the job.” The man left ___35__ no hope at all. He didn’t know what to do, with only $10 in his pocket. He then decided to go to the supermarket and buy a 10 KG tomato crate. He then sold the tomatoes in a door to door round. In less than two hours, he ___36__ (success) in doubling his capital. He repeated the operation 3 times, and returned home with $60. 5 years later, the man is one of the ___37__ (big) food retailers(零售商) in the US. He started to plan his family’s future, and decided to have a life insurance. He called ___38__ insurance broker, and chose a protection plan. When the conversation was concluded, the broker asked him his email. The man replied: “I don’t have an email”. The broker replied ___39__ (curious), “You don’t have an email, and yet have established an empire! Do you imagine ___40__ you could have been if you had an email? The man thought for a while, and replied: “An office boy!” ( 2) There was once a boy who had a temper. His father gave him a bag of nails and told him that every time he lost his temper, he ___31__ hammer a nail into the back of the fence. The first day the boy ___32__(drive)37 nails into the fence. Over the next few weeks as he learned to control his anger, the number of nails hammered ___33__ (gradual) decreased. He discovered ___34__ was easier to hold his temper than to drive nails into the fence. Finally the day came ___35__ he didn’t lose his temper. He told his father and his father suggested that the boy now___36__ (pull) out one nail for each day so that he was able to hold his anger. The days passed and the boy told his father that all the nails were gone. The father took the boy ___37__ the hand and led him to the fence. He said, “Look at the holes in the fence. The fence will never be the same. When you say things in anger; they leave a scar (疤痕) just like the___38__ on the fence. It won’t matter how many times you say I am sorry, ___39__ wound is still there. A verbal wound is as bad as a physical one. Friends are very rare. They make you smile and encourage you ___40__ (success). They lend an ear, and always want to open their hearts to us.” ( 3) An old man who lived in a small street in the city of Mumbai had to put up ___31__ the nuisance (烦心事) of having boys play cricket outside his house at night. One evening when the boys were ___32__ (particular) noisy, he went out to talk to them. He explained that he was happiest ___33__ he could see or hear boys playing his favourite game, cricket. He said he would give them 25 rupees (卢比) each week to play in the street at night. The boys were thrilled. They were being paid to do something they enjoyed! At the end of the first week they ___34__ (knock) at the old man’s door and asked him to pay them, and so he did.
超实用被动语态练习题附详解 一、单项选择被动语态 1．I saw Jack in the lift this morning. He around here for a long time. A．won't be seen B．wasn't seen C．hasn't been seen D．hadn't been seen 【答案】D 【解析】 【详解】 考查过去完成时态的被动语态。句意：今天早上我在电梯里看见杰克。他好久没在这附近露面了。根据this morning可知这是过去的事情；再根据for a long time可知此空是更靠前的动作，且句子主语He和see之间是一种被动关系，所以用过去完成时态，故选D。 2．It is the third time so far that such a festival ________ in my hometown. A．is held B．has been held C．will be held D．had been held 【答案】B 【解析】 试题分析：考查句式用法。This is the first (second, thi rd…) time +that从句，这是第一（二，三…）次…。一般来说，This is the first (second, third…) time +that从句，这个句式中that从句使用现在完成时，但是这个句子中，so far距今为止，表示现在为止这个节日庆祝活动，还没有举办，要用将来时。故选C。 考点: 考查句式用法 3．—Will Uncle Peterson come to my birthday party tomorrow? —Pity he ______ to Zimbabwe as a volunteer teacher. A．was sent B．has been sent C．had been sent D．would be sent 【答案】B 【解析】考查时态和语态。句意：——Peterson叔叔明天会来参加我的生日聚会吗？——很可惜他已经被派到Zimbabwe去做志愿教师了。由语境可知，Uncle Peterson被派到Zimbabwe这是发生在过去的事情，这个动作对现在产生了影响，故该空应用现在完成时态。且主语he和send之间是被动关系，故该句要用被动语态。综上，B选项正确。 4．If we had taken such effective measures much earlier, the river so seriously now. A．is not polluted B．would not be polluted C．had not been polluted D．would not have been polluted 【答案】B 【解析】 选B句意：如果我们早采取有力措施，现在河水就不会污染这么严重。主句表示与现在
必修一 语法点一：Be+v.ing表将来use the present continuous tense for future plans In English, we have lots of ways of talking about the future. The most common ways of talking about the future we encounter use ‘will’ or ‘be going to’ followed by an infinitive（动词原形）, and we tend to use ‘be going to’ most often for talking about future plans. Sometimes, we also use the present continuous tense to talk about future plans. Ex. ①we are going to Mexico next Sunday. ②Are you coming to the cinema? ③He is leaving for London in two hours. ④We are spending next winter in Australia. Only some verbs can be used in this situation, such as: go, arrive, come, leave, start, stay, return, play, have, work, wear, spend, see, meet, etc. 扩展： What’s the difference between using ‘be going to’ and the present continuous to talk about future plans? Let’s look at some more examples: “I’m going to play football on Saturday” You have made a plan in your head but possibly not taken any real action to confirm it. Also, playing football on Saturday is probably not a regular event for you. “I’m playing football on Saturday” You have made a plan and taken some real action to confirm it (e.g. called your friends or booked a place to play). In this case, it’s likely that playing football on Saturdays is a common activity for you. 语法点二：Direct speech and indirect speech(直接引语和间接引语) Let's first define the terms, then look at how to talk about what someone said, and how to convert speech from direct to indirect or vice-versa. You can answer the question What did he say? in two ways: by repeating the words spoken (direct speech) by reporting the words spoken (indirect or reported speech). Direct speech repeats, or quotes, the exact words spoken. When we use direct speech in writing, we place the words spoken between quotation marks (" ") and there is no change in these words. Reported or indirect speech is usually used to talk about the past, so we normally change the tense of the words spoken. We use reporting verbs like 'say', 'tell', 'ask', and we may use the word 'that' to introduce the reported words. Quotation marks are not used. 1、declarative sentence陈述句 ①Change in pronoun: The pronoun (subject) of the reported speech is changed according to the pronoun of reporting verb or object (person) of reporting verb (first part of sentence). Sometimes the pronoun may not change. In following example the pronoun of reported speech is “I” which will be changed in indirect speech into the pronoun (Subject) of reporting verb that is “he”. He said, “I like it very much.”→He said that he liked it very much. ②Change in tense: If the first part of sentence (reporting verb part) belongs to past tense the tense of reported speech will change. If the first part of sentence (reporting verb part) belongs to present or future tense, the tense of reported speech will not change.