考研英译汉试题中常见的短语及句型
1 as引导的特殊状语从句，翻译时作定语从句处理
例1 We hope the measures to control prices, as they have been taken by the government, will succeed.
译文：我们希望，政府已经采取的控制物价的措施将取得成功。
例2 "In short, a leader of the new school contends, the scientific revolution, as we call it, was largely the improvement and invention and use of a series of instruments that expanded the reach of science in innumerable directions."
［译文］：新学派的一位领袖人物坚持说："总之，我们所称之为的科学革命，主要是指一系列器具的改进、发明和使用。这些改进、发明和使用使科学发展的范围无所不及。"
2 anything but根本不；nothing but只不过是；all but几乎，差一点；除……以外其余都是；but for要不是；but that +从句：若不是……
例1 Alone in a deserted house, he was so busy with his research work that he felt anything but lonely.
［译文］：虽然他单独一人住在这幢房子里，但他埋头于研究工作，一点也没有感到孤独。
［注释］：句中anything but意为not at all。试对此：He seldom talked of anything but painting.(他除了绘画很少谈到别的事情。)此句中but作介词，意为except。
例2 The method of scientific investigation is nothing but the expression of the necessary mode of working of the human mind; it is simply the mode by which all phenomena are reasoned about and given precise and exact explanation.
［译文］：科学研究的方法不过是人类思维活动的必要表达方式，也就是对一切现象进行思索并给以精确而严谨的解释的表达方式。
例3 She all but fainted when she heard the news.
［译文］：她听到这一消息时几乎晕倒了。
［注释］：此句中all but意为nearly, almost。试对比：All but the little children thought that the trip was exciting. (除了小孩，大家都认为这次旅行是激动人心的。)此句中all but意为all except。
例4 But for the rain we should have a pleasant journey.
［译文］：要不是下雨，我们的旅行本来是很愉快的。
例5 He would have helped us but that he was short of money at the time.
［译文］：若不是他那时缺钱，他是会帮助我们的。
［注释］：1) but that引导的从句中谓语用陈述语气。2) but that有灵活的译法，如：Nothing would satisfy that child but that I place her on my lap. (那孩子什么都不要，只要我把她抱在怀里。)
3 "名词，+ or +名词"结构中or后的名词是同位语，应译为"即……；或者称……"。
例：Moreover, technology includes techniques, or ways to do things, as well as the machines that may or may not be necessary to apply them.
［译文］：再者，除机器外技术还包括技艺，即制作方法，而运用这些技艺并不一定都需要机器。
4 "...，only to +动词"意为"……，结果却……"
例：They don't have to pay for expensive seats at the theatre, the cinema or the opera, only to discover, perhaps, that the show is disappointing.
［译文］：他们不必花钱去戏院、电影院或歌剧院买价格很贵的戏票，结果却发现，所演的节目令人失望。
［注释］："...，only to +动词"表示与句子谓语动作的目的相反的结果。
5 not nearly (=by no means, far from)远不
例：The food supply will not increase nearly enough to match this, which means that we are headingsintosa crisis in the matter of producing and marketing food.
［译文］：食品供应将远远赶不上人口的增长，这就意味着我们在粮食的生产和购销方面正面临危机。
［注释］：1) this是指上面提到的"到21世纪初世界人口将增加到60亿或70亿"。2)又例：There are not nearly enough people here to do the job. (这里的人手远远不够承担这项工作。)
6 not so much ... as ...与其说……不如说……
例1 Science moves forward, they say, not so much through the insights of great men of genuis as because of more ordinary things like improved techniques and tools.
［译文］：他们说，科学的发展与其说源于天才伟人的真知灼见，不如说源于改进了的技术和工具等更为普通的东西。
例2 The conveniences that Americans desire reflect not so much a leisurely lifestyle as busy lifestyle in which even minutes of time are too valuable to be wasted.
［译文］：美国人所需要的各种便利条件与其说是反映一种从容不迫的生活方式，还不如说反映一种忙碌的生活方式。在这种忙碌的生活方式中甚至几分钟时间都得珍惜。
［注释］：1) not so much as连在一起写，则意为"连……都不(肯)"，如：He didn't so much as thank me for returning his money that I found. (DAI)(我把找到的钱还给他，他却连谢都不肯谢。) 2)该句型有时也可以用not so much ... but ...如：The important thing is not so much the actual population of the world, but its rate of increase.(重要的与其说是世界的实际人口量，还不如说是人口的增长率。)又如：But whether their efforts can be more effective than those of the traditional politician may depend not so much on the present day working scientists, but on the scientists now being trained, i.e. -you.(但是，他们的努力是否能比传统的政治家的努力更有成效，与其说是取决于现在正在工作的科学家，倒不如说取决于正在被培训的科学家，也就是你们。) 3)要注意"not so much ... but ..."与"not so +形容词+ but +从句"之间的区别，后者意为"虽然……但是……"，例如：The bridge was not so crowded but the bicycles could go through. (这桥上虽然很拥挤，但是自行车还能穿过去。)
7 much less, still less引导的词组或从句，表示一种追加的否定。less是由little的否定意义而来的，所以这两个词组只能用于否定句中，意为"更不用说、更不必说"。to say nothing of, not to speak of ,not to mention, let alone这四个词组意为"更不消说"，也是一种追补的说法。但它们与much less和still less有所不同，这些词组可以随前一句的意思而定。前一句是肯定，则追加的也是肯定意义。如果前一句是否定，则追加的也是否定意义。
例1 I could not agree to, much less participate in such proceedings. (我不能同意这种行为，更谈不上参加这些行动了。)
例2 He knows little of mathematics, and still less of chemistry. (他几乎不懂数学，更不用说化学了。)
例3 I did not even see him, still less(=much less) shake hands with him. (我看也没有看见过他，哪里还谈得上同他握手呢?)
例4 In old China, there was hardly any machine building industry, to say nothing of an electronic industry. (在旧中国，几乎没有什么机器制造工业，更不用说电子工业了。)
例5 Sally takes singing and dancing lessons, to say nothing of swimming and tennis lessons. (莎莉学了唱歌和舞蹈课，而且还学了游泳和网球课。)
例6 At that time they could not afford the ordinary comforts of life, not to speak of luxuries. (那时他连普通生活都不能维持，更不要说奢侈品了。)
例7 They have three fine sons, not to speak of their two lovely daughters. (他们有了3个好儿子，而且还有2个可爱的女儿。)
例8 I don't know algebra or geometry, not to mention calculus. (我连代数几何都不懂，更不必说微积分了。)
例9 All they have to do is press a button, and they can see plays, films, operas and shows of every kind, not to mention political discussions and the latest exciting football match.(他们所要做的只是按一下电钮，就能看到各种戏剧、电影、歌剧和各式各样的演出，而且还能看到各种政治辩论和最近举行的激动人心的足球赛。)
例10 I can't add two and two, let alone do fractions.(我2加2都不会，更不用说做分数题了。)注意：〈美国成语词典〉认为let alone只能用于追加的否定。但是，有的词典认为，该短语也可以引导追加的肯定。例如：There were five people in the car, let alone the luggage and the two dogs. (OSD)
8 no more ... than ...和……一样都不……
例1 The heart is no more intelligent than the stomach, for they are both controlled by the brain.
［译文］：心脏和胃一样都无智力可言，因为它们都是由大脑控制的。
例2 There is no reason they should limit how much vitamin you take, any more than they can limit how much water you drink.
［译文］：他们没有理由限制你服用多少维他命，就像他们不能限制你喝多少水一样。
例3 More and more Afro Americans see him as a tricky enemy who has no more love for them than he has for the Congolese.
［译文］：越来越多的美国黑人认识到他是个诡计多端的敌人，他仇视美国黑人，正像他仇视刚果人民一样。(直译：……，他不爱美国黑人，正像他不爱刚果人一样。)
［注释］：not any more than是no more…than的一种强调形式，例如：1) Jack is no more intelligent than John.(=Jack is not intelligent any more than John.)杰克与约翰一样都不聪明。2) A man can no more fly than a bird can speak. (=A man cannot fly any more than a bird can speak.)人不会飞翔，就像鸟不会说话一样。3) As a nation, the French are no more eager to learn about their wartime failings than are the Japanese. (=As a nation, the French are not eager to learn about their wartime failings any more than are the Japanese.)作为一个国家，法国正如日本一样不积极
地从他们的战争失败中吸取教训。
上述例句表明，no more ... than并不表示比较，而是表示比喻，含有比喻意义的比较级用于否定时，than后面的从句不用否定式，但译成汉语时要用否定式。
9 more ... than ...与其……不如……
例 1 It seems, then, that these two branches of science are mutually dependent and interacting, and that the so called division between the pure scientist and the applied scientist is more apparent than real.
［译文］：看来，这两门科学是互相依存又互相制约的，因而理论科学家和应用科学家之间的所谓区别，与其说是实际存在的，不如说是表面的。
例2 He is a man who is more brave than wise.
［译文］：他是个有勇无谋的人。
［注释］：1) more ... than常用来比较同一个人或同一个事物的两种不同特征。又如：He is more mad than stupid. (DCE)他与其说是笨，不如说是疯。2) more than +从句(句中有can 或could)实在不能……。例如：Some of the suggestions are more than we can accept.有些建议我们实在不能接受。3) (be) more of a ... than a ...与其说是……不如说是……，如：He is more of a politician than a scholar.与其说他是个学者，不如说是个政客。
10 no less than简直是，实在是
例1 It is no less than blackmail to ask such a high price.
［译文］：如此索要高价，简直是敲诈。
例2 It is no less than a scandal.
［译文］：这实在是一件丑闻。
11 nothing else than完全是，实在是
例1 What the man said was nothing else than nonsense.
［译文］：那人讲的话完全是一派胡言。
例2 Your success was due to nothing else than your own diligence.
［译文］：你的成功完全是由于你自己的勤奋。
12 It is not that ... but that ...这不是说……，而是说……
例：It is not that the scales in the one case, and the balance in the other, differ in the principles of their construction or manner of working;but that the latter is much finer apparatus and of course much more accurate in its measurement than the former.
［译文］：这并不是说在一种情况下所使用的磅秤和在另一种情况下所使用的天平在构造原理上或工作方式上存在差别，而是说与前者相比，后者是一种更精密得多的装置，因而在计量上必然更加准确。
13 cannot ... too ...再……也不过分，应该
例1 We cannot be too faithful to our duties.
［译文］：我们必须尽力忠于职守。
例2. You can't attach too much importance to the matter.
［译文］：你应该十分重视这件事情。
14 other ...than或other than不同于，非；除了
例1 Plants which refine crude ores are often located in countries other than those in which the crude ores are mined.(1984年考研试题)
［译文］：提炼矿石的厂房通常不是设在采矿石的国家而设在其他国家。
例2 Reactions other than the desired one often occur when reactants are brought together.
［译文］：当这些反应物放在一起时，常发生不希望有的一些反应(即：……常发生与希望有的反应不同的反应。)
例3 All parts of the house other than the windows were in good condition.
［译文］：除了窗之外，屋子的其他部分都完好无损。
15 "... the last + N. + to V.或定语从句"意为"……最不可能的……"
例1 She would be the last person to go along with the scheme.
［译文］：他可能会是最不同意这项计划的人。
例2 That't the last thing I'd expect you to do.
［译文］：那是我最不期望你做的事情。
16 It is asserted that ...有人断言……；It is believed that……据认为……；It is considered that ...有人认为……；It is reported that ...据报道……；It is said that ...据说……；It is supposed that ...据推测；It is told that ...据传……。
英译汉重点：Unit 1 (1) Promising are the cross-cultural studies seeking to support Darwin’s theory that facial expressions are universal and researchers found that the particular visible pattern on the face, the combination of muscles contracted for anger, fear, surprise, sadness, disgust, happiness is the same for all members of our species, but this seems helpful until it is realized that a person’s cultural upbringing determines whether or not that emotion will be displayed or suppressed, as well as on which occasions and to what degree. 力求证明达尔文关于面部表情是共同的这一理论的跨文化研究给人极大的希望，研究者发现脸部的某些看得见的形状，即因愤怒、恐惧、惊讶、悲伤、厌恶、幸福而紧缩的肌肉组合,我们人类各成员都是一样的。但是这似乎无济于事，只要我们意识到一个人生长的文化决定了这种情感是否会表露或压抑,决定了在何种场合和多大的程度上会表露或压抑。 (2) The stumbling block of assumed similarity is a “troublem,” as one English learner expressed it, not only for the foreigner but for the people in the host country with whom the international visitor comes into contact.正如一个学习英语的人所表达的那样，相似性的假设这个的绊脚石是一个“麻烦”，不仅仅是对于来访的外国人，就连这个外国人接触的东道国的人也都是个问题。 (3) They abstract whatever fits into their personal world of recognition and then interpret it through the frame of reference of their own culture. 他们只提取出那些适合他们认可的个人世界的东西，然后按照他们自身文化为参考系来加以解释。 (4) A worse language problem is the tenacity with which someone will cling to just one meaning of a word or phrase in the new language, regardless of connotation or context. (2008 Paper A) 更糟糕的问题是死死抱住新语言中一个词汇或短语的一种意义，而不顾隐含义和语境。 (5) The confidence that goes with the myth of similarity is much more comfortable than the assumption of differences, the latter requiting tentative assumptions and behavior and a willingness to accept the anxiety of “not knowing.” (2009 Paper A)相信相似性的神话比设想存在差异更让人觉得舒服，因为后者要求试探性的设想和行为并且乐意接受由于“不知”而产生的焦虑。 Unit 3(1) The key to Crockpot stepfamilies is time and low heat. I’ve already stressed the importance of being patient with the integration process and not trying to force love, care, or togetherness. Often, in an attempt to quickly combine various ingredients such as people, rituals, and backgrounds, stepfamilies use the food processor, microwave, pressure cooker, and blender integration styles. 瓦罐煨汤式融合的继亲家庭的关键是温火慢炖。前文我已经强调了整合过程中有耐心，而不强迫关爱、强迫关心、强迫在一起的重要性。通常，为了快速的将诸如人，仪式和背景等原料合并一体，继亲家庭采用食品加工式，微波炉式，高压锅式和果汁机式的融合方式。 (2) Stepfamilies need time to adjust to new living conditions, new parenting styles, rules, and responsibilities. They need time to experience one another and develop trust, commitment, and a shared history. They need time to find a sense of belonging and an identity as a family unit. None of these things can be rushed. (2008 Paper A) 继亲家庭需要时间来适应新的居住环境，新的父母家教风格，规矩和责任。他们需要时间来相互体验，产生信任，形成忠诚，创造共同的历史。他们需要时间来寻找作为一个家庭的归属感和认同感。所有这些都不能操之过急。继亲家庭需要时间来适应新的居住条件，新的父母家教风格，规矩和责任。他们需要时间来寻找作为一个家庭的归属感和认同感。 (3) A watched pot never boils. 心急水不开。 (4) Meredith considered it her “down time” to relax and read a good book, Terry enjoyed playing with friends, while Joe mastered his latest computer game. Meredith会把闲暇时间当作者“工歇时间”，放松自己，读一本好书。Terry喜欢和朋友们一起玩，而Joe则精通又一种最新的电脑游戏。 (5) It is quite normal for a stepparent to have close bonds with one stepchild, be working on bonds with another, while experiencing a distant relationship with an older child. (2009 Paper A) 对继父或继母来说，和一个继子女有着亲密的关系，正在和另一个继子女建立关系，还和年纪较大的那个继子女有一定距离，这些都是很正常的。 Unit 4 (1) When economists first began to measure the sources of economic growth, what previously had been considered an unexplained residual became identified as human capital. 当经济学家开始测定经济发展的因素时，从前被认为是无法解释的剩余因素被决定为人力资本。 (2) The term “human capital” suggests to some a depersonalization of individual and is associated in the popular mind with a dehumanizing society that equates men with machines. “人力资本”这一术语让人觉得是剥夺人的个性，在公众的脑海里联想到将人与机器等同的异化社会。 (3) When we think about an appropriate investment strategy in China, and the development of its regions, it is very important to understand that optimizing over the full portfolio of investment—both human and physical capital—promote the highest rate of growth. 当我们思考在中国的适当投资策略以及各地区发展的时候，十分重要的是要知道，优化人力资本和实物资本投资组合将推动最高速度的发展。 (4) There are benefits to education that are not directly captured by individuals; these externalities are likely to be quite large in China.教育的收益有些并不是个人直接获得的，这些间接受益在中国很有可能是巨大的。 (5) It is important to evaluate government activity on a quantitative basis, to screen the bad investments from the good ones and to conduct policy on a factually informed basis. (2008 Paper A) 对政府的活动进行量化评估，剔除坏的投资保留好的投资，实事求是地执行政策，这是至关重要的。 (6) Labor markets are so distorted that wages do not reflect this true marginal contribution of educated labor to the economy. 劳动市场如此被扭曲，结果工资没有反映出受教育的劳动者对经济的真实的边际贡献。 (7) However, evidence indicates that the true rate of return to education and skill formation is very一high and that the imbalance is symptomatic of a serious distortion of current policy that retards economic development in China. (2009但是，事实表明教育和技术培养的实际回报率非常之高，而且这种（投资的）不平衡是当前政策严重扭曲的典型表现，而这（种不平衡的投资政策）阻碍了中国经济的发展。 Unit 5(1) The synergies between the goals of gender equity, poverty alleviation and environmental sustainability are explored below in terms of addressing poverty, health, climate change, natural disasters and creating sustainable livelihoods by
考研英语阅读历年真题常见短语汇总 1. abide by（=be faithful to；obey）忠于；遵守 2. be absent from…缺席，不在 3. absence or mind（=being absent-minded）心不在焉 4. absorb（=take up the attention of）吸引…的注意力（被动语态）：be absorbed in全神贯注于…近：be engrossed in；be lost in；be rapt in；be concentrated on；be focused on；be centered on 5.（be）abundant in（be rich in；be well supplied with）富于，富有 6. access（to）（不可数名词）能接近，进入，了解 7. by accident（=by chance，accidentally）偶然地，意外Without accident（=safely）安全地 8. of one's own accord（=without being asked；willingly；freely）自愿地，主动地 9. in accord with与…一致out of one's accord with同…不一致 10. with one accord（=with everybody agreeing）一致地 11. in accordance with（=in agreement with）依照，根据 12. on one's own account 1）为了某人的缘故，为了某人自己的利益2）（=at one's own risk）自行负责3）（=by oneself）依靠自己on account赊账；on account of因为；on no account不论什么原因也不；of…account有………重要性 13. take…into account（=consider）把……考虑进去 14. give sb. an account of说明，解释（理由） 15. account for（=give an explanation or reason for）解释，说明 16. on account of（=because of）由于，因为 17. on no account（=in no case，for no reason）绝不要，无论如何不要（放句首时句子要倒装） 18. accuse…of…（=charge…with；blame sb. for sth.；blame sth. on sb.；complain about）指控，控告 19. be accustomed to（=be in the habit of，be used to）习惯于 20. be acquainted with（=to have knowledge of）了解；（=to have met socially）熟悉 21. act on奉行，按照…行动；act as扮演；act for代理 22. adapt oneself to（=adjust oneself to）使自己适应于 23. adapt…（for）（=make sth. Suitable for a new need）改编，改写（以适应新的需要） 24. in addition（=besides）此外，又，加之 25. in addition to（=as well as，besides，other than）除…外 26. adhere to（=abide by，conform to，comply with，cling to，insist on，persist in，observe，opinion，belief）粘附；坚持，遵循 27. adjacent（=next to，close to）毗邻的，临近的 28. adjust……（to）（=change slightly）调节；适应； 29. admit of（=be capable of，leave room for）…的可能，留有…的余地
考研英语翻译技巧之英译汉 汉英互译一直是考研英语中的难点，小编整理英译汉中常涉及的难点提出一些建议，并以实际案例进行解析，帮助大家掌握英译汉的翻译技巧，快速掌握英译汉，为考研成功进行最后的冲刺。 难点 1.多为长难句 英译汉句子平均的单词量在30个左右，而且结构复杂，修饰成分多，考生很容易因没有理清句子结构而造成翻译得南辕北辙的现象。 2.需要联系上下文来理解词义 考研英语的英译汉是给你一篇文章，然后从中划出5个句子，因此就必须把词句的含义放到原文中来理解，切不可断章取义，有的词语翻译出来的意思与其本意可能会有不同，这正是英译汉要考察的要点之一。 建议 首先要拥有一定的单词量，背单词不能只知道其常用的意思，还应知道其作为其它属性或者完全与本意看似不相关的其他含义，这样才能在联系上下文翻译的时候对单词的含义做到触类旁通;其次，要有对长难句的“免疫”能力，可以在做阅读题的时候，把典型的复杂长难句记下来，试着划分句子结构，做到熟能生巧。最后，平时可以多看一些英文文章，培养一下语感，有助于对句子含义的整体把握。 真题解析 Directions: Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Your translation should be written on the ANSWER SHEET(10 points)(2014年考研英语真题Part C) Music means different things to different people and sometimes even different things to the same person at different moments of his life. It might be poetic, philosophical, sensual, or mathematical, but in any case it must, in my view, have something to do with the soul of the human being. Hence it is metaphysical; but the means of expression is purely and exclusively physical: sound. I believe it is precisely this permanent coexistence of metaphysical message through physical means that is the strength of music。(46)It is also the reason why when we try to
面对英语阅读中出现的纷乱的短语和词组，有没有在为不识短语而感到苦恼呢？考研英语考试中出现频率较高的100个短语，赶快背一下吧，作文也能用到哦~ 1、abide by 忠于;遵守。 2、be absent from缺席，不在 3、absence or mind 心不在焉 4、absorb 吸引的注意力: be absorbed in全神贯注于近: be engrossed in; be lost in; be rapt in; be concentrated on; be focused on; be centered on 5、 abundant in 富于,富有 6、access to 能接近,进入,了解 7、by accident 偶然地,意外 Without accident 安全地, 8、of one's own accord 自愿地,主动地
9、in accord with与一致、 out of one's accord with同?不一致 10、with one accord 一致地 11、in accordance with 依照,根据 12、on one's own account 1）为了某人的缘故,为了某人自己的利益；2）自行负责；3）依靠自己；on account 赊账; on account of 因为; on no account不论什么原因也不; of account 有?重要性 13、takeinto account 把?考虑进去 14、give sb an account of说明,解释 15、account for 解释,说明 16、on account of 由于,因为 17、on no account 绝不要,无论如何不要
一至五单元翻译题 1.The sum of $20 is【due to you as a bonus】(是你应得的奖金). 2. He had just received a doctorate【in recognition of his contributions to psychology】(以表彰他为心理学作出的贡献). 3. Insurance is only valuable if it【serves a purpose】(达到一种目的). 4. Don’t worry, everything will be【attended to in due course 】(在适当的时候得到处理). 5. This problem should be discussed first, as it 【takes precedence over all the others】(比其他问题都重要). 6. Y ou’ve been promoted? This【calls for a celebration】(需要庆祝一下). 7. The scholar’s mind【thirsted for a few new books 】(渴望一些新书). 8. I am writing to you【with reference to the job opening in your department 】(有关你们部门的工作机会). 9.【Mary has a great diversity of interests】(玛丽有广泛的兴趣爱好), she like sports, travel, photography and making radio sets. 10. The banks have【committed themselves to boosting profits 】(承诺增加利润) by slashing costs. Paragraph One “Business happens 24/7/365, which means that competition happens 24/7/365, as well,”says Haut. “One way that companies win is by getting ‘there’faster, which means that you not only have to mobilize all of the functions that support a business to move quickly, but you have to know how to decide where ‘there’is! This creates a requirement not only for people who can act quickly, but for those who can think fast with the courage to act on their convictions. This needs to run throughout an organization and is not exclusive to management.” “一年365 天，一周7 天，一天24 小时，生意始终在进行，那意味着一年365 天，一周7 天，一天24 小时，竞争也同样在进行，”豪特说，“公司取胜的方法之一就是要更快地到达‘目的地’！这就是说，你不仅要把所有能支持公司快速运转的功能都调动起来，而且还得知道如何决定‘目的地’是哪里。这样，不仅对那些行动快速的人们，也对那些思维敏捷，并有勇气按自己的想法行事的人们都提出了要求。这需要全公司各部门的运作，而不仅仅是管理部门的工作。” Paragraph Two Lastly, professional status encompasses adherence to ethical standards. Most lawyers find self worth in setting an example—both within the profession and within the larger society—as ethical actors. When management affirms the special respect due to lawyers who act with the utmost integrity and civility in all of their professional dealings, it provides yet another form of compensation. 最后，职业地位包含对职业标准的遵守。很多律师通过在行业内外把自己塑造成一个具有良好职业道德的典范来找到自我价值。对那些在所有职业行为中都表现出极度正直和谦逊有礼的律师们来说，当管理阶层对他们理应受到的特别尊重表示肯定时，便又获得了另一种形式的精神报酬。 Paragraph One The decline goes well beyond recent surveys that show growing complaints about mediocre quality and high prices—no small concern in a country where tourisme gastronomique earned 18 billion euros in 2002, a quarter of all tourist revenues. More and more restaurateurs say that government tax and economic policies are limiting their profits, and thereby hurting their capacity to invest and hire more staff. They have become ensnarred in the red tape for which France is infamous—not to mention edicts from Brussels that affect everything from sales taxes to the bacteria in the Brie. 最近的调查显示越来越多的人抱怨饭菜质量平平，价格昂贵，而法国烹饪的衰落还不止于此。这在法国可不是个小问题，要知道2002年美食旅游为法国创收180 亿欧元，占到全部旅游收入的1/4。越来越多的餐馆老板反映政府的税收和经济政策限制了他们的利润，也就影响了他们投资和雇佣更多人手的能力。束缚他们手脚的是令法国不那么光彩的繁琐拖拉的公事程序，更不要说那些来自欧盟的规定，从销售税到布里乳酪里含细菌的指标统统都在严格的掌控之中。 Paragraph Two Zhejiang cuisine is light and exquisite, and is typical of food from along the lower Y angtze River. One famous dish is West Lake Vinegar Fish, which looks pretty and has the delicate refreshing flavors of nature. Many Chinese restaurants in China, as well as other parts of the world, serve this dish, but often the flavor is less authentic compared to that found in Hangzhou, capital of Zhejiang Province, which has unique access to the fish and water of West Lake. 浙江菜口味清淡，精致玲珑，是长江下游区域菜肴的代表。西湖醋鱼是其中的一道名菜。这道菜鲜美，酥嫩，带着自然的清香。中国乃至世界各地的中餐馆大都能找得到这道菜，但口味往往不及在浙江杭州吃得那般纯正。因为只
考研英语阅读理解必备短语 1.abide by(=be faithful to ; obey)忠于；遵守。 2. be absent from…. 缺席，不在 3. absence or mind(=being absent-minded) 心不在焉 4. absorb(=take up the attention of)吸引…的注意力(被动语态):be absorbed in 全神贯注于…近:be engrossed in ; be lost in ; be rapt in ;be concentrated on ;& nbsp;be focused on ; be centered on 5. (be) abundant in(be rich in; be well supplied with) 富于,富有 6. access(to) (不可数名词) 能接近,进入,了解 7. by accident(=by chance, accidentally)偶然地,意外. Without accident(=safely) 安全地, 8. of one's own accord(=without being asked; willingly; freely)自愿地,主动地 9. in accord with 与…一致. out of one's&n bsp;accord with 同….不一致 10. with one accord (=with everybody agreeing)一致地 11. in accordance with (=in agreement with) 依照, 根据 12. on one's own account 1) 为了某人的缘故, 为了某人自己的利益 2) (=at one's own risk) 自行负责 3) (=by oneself)依靠自己 on account 赊账; on account of 因为; on ;no account不论什么原因也不;of …account 有…..重要性. 13. take…into account(=consider)把...考虑进去 14. give sb. an account of 说明, 解释(理由) 15. account for (=give an explanation or reason for) 解释, 说明. 16. on account of (=because of) 由于,因为. 17. on no account(=in no case, for no reason)绝不要,无论如何不要(放句首时句子要倒装) 18. accuse…of…(=charge…with; blame sb. for sth. ; blame sth. on sb. ; complain about) 指控,控告 19. be accustomed to (=be in the habit of, be used to)习惯于. 20. be acquainted with(=to have knowledge of) 了解;&nbs p;(=to have met socially) 熟悉 21. act on 奉行,按照…行动; act as 扮演; act for 代理 22. adapt oneself to(=adjust oneself to) ; 使自己适应于 23. adapt…(for) (=make sth. Suitable for a new need) 改编, 改写(以适应新的需要) 24. in addition (=besides) 此外, 又, 加之 25. in addition to(=as well as, besides, other than)除…外 26. adhere to (=abide by, conform to, comply wit h, cling to, insist on, persist in, observe,& nbsp;opinion, belief 粘附; 坚持, 遵循 27. adjacent(=next to, close to) 毗邻的, 临近的 28. adjust..(to) (=change slightly)调节; 适应; 29. admit of (=be capable of, leave room for)&nb sp; …的可能，留有…的余地. 30. in advance (before in time) 预告, 事先. 31. to advantage 有利的,使优点更加突出地. 32. have an advantage over 胜过. have the advantage of 由于…处于有利条件 have the advantage of sb.知道某人所不知道的事
Just as Adam was cast out of Eden, I was kicked out of university; but while his transgression was eating the fruit from the tree of knowledge, my sin was ignoring the tree. After my dismal performance in my first year of university, I contemplated the reasons for my failure. Now, I understand the two factors that contributed to my downfall: the lack of a career goal and premature independence. 正如亚当被逐出伊甸园，我被撵出了大学校门：亚当违反的戒律是偷吃了善恶之树的禁果，我的罪恶就是无视知识之树。在我大学第一年差劲表现之后，我仔细考虑自己被逐出大学的原因。现在我意识造成我被逐出校园的两个因素：缺乏职业目标和过早的独立。 Without a career goal, I lacked direction and motivation. About halfway through my final year of high school, I was hounded by my parents to enroll in university, but until that time had not given any thought to what career I wanted to pursue. To silence their nagging, I told them I wanted to be an engineer. Though I got high marks in math, physics, and chemistry, I was bored with them, and my dislike of the science became apparent in the first four months of university. I failed all my science courses. 没有职业目标，我缺乏方向和动机，大约在中学最后一年过了一半时，我被父母追逼着到大学注册，但直到那时候我还未考虑我想追求什么职业。为了让他们不再说我，我告诉他们我想当一名工程师。虽然我在数学、物理和化学上得了高分，但是我对这些课感到厌倦，接着在大学的最初四个月里我不喜欢这些理科课程变得明显了。所有的理科课程都不及格。B． (1) 当他向朋友借钱时，又一次遭到拒绝，顿时勃然大怒。(fury)When he went to borrow money from his friend and was refused again, he flew into fury. (2) 在这次战役中，除了偶尔的无线电联络之外，麦克同部队之间的其它联系都被切断了。 (cut off) Mike was cut off from all but occasional radio communications with his armies in the campaign. (3) 我们正在向前走着，看到一只兔子突然从洞里跳出来，穿过田野。(pop up) As we walked along，we saw a rabbit pop up from it's burrow and scurry across the field. (4) 有人认为对加拿大整个地区的独家经销商来说，三百架钢琴的年销售量未免太保守了。 (sole) Someone thinks the annual sale of 300 pianos for a sole distributorship in Canada is rather conservative. (5) 有人认为，要结婚就应结为终身伴侣；法律对离婚者太宽大了。(lenient) Some people think if people marry, it ought to be for life, the laws are altogether too lenient with divorcees. (6) 在头四圈里，本杰明一直与那名德国赛车手并驾齐驱。(stay abreast of)Over the first four laps, Benjamin stay ed abreast of the German driver. (7) 速度、耐力和战术是选手在比赛中夺冠的重要因素。(tactics) Speed, endurance and tactics are important factors in gaining the victory. (8) 一支球队能够在常年锦标赛中不断的蝉联冠军，关键是临场状态奇佳、合作无间、斗志 高昂。(morale) A soccer team that remains championship year after year must have kept up it's extraordinary performance with close coordination among its high-morale members. Unit 4 英译汉：The capital account is a record of investment and capital transactions between a
考研英语高频词组汇总(三) 71.begin with以...开始 to begin with (=first of all)首先，第一(经常用于开始语) 72.on behalf of (=as the representative of)以...名义 73.believein(=have faith or trust in; consider sth.sb.to be true)相信，依赖，信仰 74.benefit (from)受益，得到好处 75.for the benefit of为了...的利益(好处) 76.for the better好转 77.get the better of (=defeat sb.)打败，胜过 78.by birth在出生上，论出身，按血统 at birth在出生时 give birth to出生 79.blame sb.for sth.因...责备某人 blame sth.on sb.把...推在某人身上 80.in blossom开花(指树木) be in blossom开花(强调状态) come into blossom开花(强调动作) 81.on board到船上，在船上，上火车或飞机 82.boast of (or about)吹嘘 83.out of breath喘不过气来
84.in brief(=in as few words as possible)简言之 85.in bulk成批地，不散装的 86.take the floor起立发言 87.on business出差办事 88.be busy with sth.于某事 be busy doing sth.忙于做某事 https://www.doczj.com/doc/1e11775141.html,st but one倒数第二 90.but for (=without)要不是表示假设 91.buy sth.for...money用多少钱买 92.be capable of能够，有能力 be capable of being +过去分词是能够被...的 93.inanycase(=forloveormoney,atanyrate,atanyprice,atanycost,whateverhappen s, anyhow)无论如何 94.in case (=for fear that)万一 95.in case of (=in the event of)如果发生...万一 in the case of至于...，就...而言 96.in no case在任何情况下都不(放句首倒装句) 97.be cautious of谨防 98.center one''s attention on(=focus one''s attention on)把某人的注意力集中在...上 99.be certain of (=be sure of)有把握，一定
英译汉的翻译： (1996) 科学研究的各个领域相对发展速度各不相同，其中有若干原因。（31）在这些原因中，有些纯属社会需求；另一些则是由于科学上某些特定发展在一定程度上自我加速而产生的必然结果。然而，有些产生发展速度差异的原因就不尽合理，仅是因为某些权威人士对科学理论究竟应采取何种形式有先入为主的想法，这些想法改变了不同学科领域的发展模式。这是一个新问题，虽然可以避免，但其趋势却令人担忧。（32）这种趋势始于第二次世界大战期间，当时一些国家的政府得出结论：政府要向其科研机构提出具体的要求通常是无法详尽预见的。然而，可以预见的是，往往会出现一些问题，要求有具体科学的解答。因此，把科研机构看作一种资源或一台机器，应维持其良好的运行状态，这种做法通常很有价值。（33）给某些与当前目标无关而将来则可能产生影响的科研予以支持，看来能够有效地解决这个问题。 与所有资助项目一样，这种资助需要确定合适的资金接受对象。根据某一项目是否具有效用做出决策直接明了。但是在若干没有直接效用的项目中，要做出抉择就困难得多。资助机构的目标是支持“好”的学科，而不资助“坏”的学科，这一点值得赞扬，然而要做出正确的抉择却很困难。人们往往将好学科与该学科是否能够提出一套完美的理论混淆起来。（34）然而，世界就是如此，完美的体系一般而言是无法解决世上某些更加引人入胜的课题的。（35）同过去一样，将来必然出现新的思维方式和新的思维对象，给完美以新的标准。(1997) 动物有权利吗？人们通常这样提问。这像是一个实用且具创新的提问方式。（31）事实并非如此，因为这种问法是以人们对人的权利有一种共识为基础的，而这种共识并不存在。 诚然，根据对权利的一种看法，必然认为动物没有权利。（32）有些哲学家论证说，权利只存在于社会契约中，是责任与权益交换的一部分。因此动物不可能有权利。惩罚吃人的老虎的想法是荒谬的。同样，认为老虎有权利也是荒谬的。然而，这只是一种认识，而且是一种有争议的认识。这种认识不仅剥夺了动物的权利，而且也剥夺了某些人的权利，例如婴儿，这些还不会用大脑来思考问题的下一代。此外，谁也不清楚，对于从来就不同意契约的人来说，这项契约又具有多大约束力，如果有人说“我不喜欢这项契约”，那你又如何回答呢？ 问题的症结在于，如果对人的权利没有一致的看法，争论动物的权利是徒劳无益的。（33）这种说法从一开始就将讨论引向两个极端，它使人们认为应该这样对待动物：要么像对人类自身一样关切体谅动物，要么完全冷漠无情。这是一种不真实的选择。这是一种错误的选择。最好以另一种更为根本性的提问开始：我们对待动物的方法是一个道德问题吗？ 许多人否认这种提法。（34）这类人持极端看法，认为人与动物在各相关方面都不相同，对待动物无须考虑道德问题。任何关心动物疾苦的想法都是错误的，因为它把应该用来关心其他人的同情心错误地用到动物身上。 这种观点认为，折磨猴子从道义上讲无异于劈柴，这种看法似乎是大胆的“逻辑推理”。实际上，这种看法非常肤浅，因为其中心混乱到应该被摒弃的程度。道德推理的最初级形式，和学习爬行的理论一样，是把自身利益和他人利益加以权衡考虑。那么，这就需要同情心和想象力。没有这两点，就无法用道德观念来进行思考。看到动物受苦足以使大多数人产生同情感。（35）这种反应并不是错误，这是人类用道德观念进行推理的本能在起作用。这种本能应该得到鼓励，而不应该遭到嘲笑。 (1998) 迄今为止，科学家所发现的最大、最遥远的物体是：离地球大约150亿光年的一块狭长的巨大宇宙云系。（1）更为重要的是，这是科学家们能够观测到的最遥远的过去的景象，因为他们看到的是150亿年前宇宙云的形状和结构。那大约就是宇宙形成的时候。研究人员所发现的宇宙云既令人惊讶，又在人们的意料之中：美国国家航空航天局的Cobe号（宇宙