当前位置:文档之家› (word完整版)2018江苏省英语高考考试说明词汇讲解

(word完整版)2018江苏省英语高考考试说明词汇讲解

(word完整版)2018江苏省英语高考考试说明词汇讲解
(word完整版)2018江苏省英语高考考试说明词汇讲解

2018江苏省英语高考考试说明词汇讲解

1.acquisition n.①the act of getting sth, especially knowledge, a skill获得,得到

second language acquisition.

②something that sb buys to add what they already own, usually sth valuable

His latest acquisition is a racehouse.

2.airmail n. 航空邮递

3.altitude n. the height above sea level 海拔;海拔高度at high altitude

4.amateur n. a person who takes part in a sport or other activity for enjoyment , not as a job.

业余爱好者;业余运动员The tournament is open to both amateures and professions.

adj. 业余爱好的amateur athletics

5.appendix n.书或文件的附录

6.assure v.使确信;向…保证You think I did deliberately , but I assure you that I did not.

7.awake adj.醒着to be half/fully awake/ keep…awake

v. 醒来/ 唤起;被唤起/察觉到;意识到;醒悟到

It took her some time to awake to the danger of her situation.

8.booklet n.小册子

9.bounce v.①使弹起,弹跳;反射The ball bounced twice before he could reach it.

Short sound waves bounce off even small objects.

②to jump up and down. She bounced up and down excitedly on the bed.

be bouncing off the walls精力充沛待不住;激动的难以平静

10.buffet n.自助餐;快餐部

11.caption n. words that are printed underneath a picture, cartoon that explain or describe it. 说明文字/字幕

12.client n. ①委托人;当事人;客户②连接在服务器上的客户机

13.collapse v. ①建筑物突然倒塌,坍塌The roof collapsed under the weight of snow.

②病人尤指因病重而倒下,昏倒,晕倒He collapsed in the street and died two hours later.

③to fail suddenly or completely 突然失败;崩溃;瓦解= break down . Talks between

management and unions have collapsed.

https://www.doczj.com/doc/1914185134.html,plicated adj. 复杂的;难懂的The instructions look very complicated.

15.considerable adj. great in amount ,size, importance 相当多、大、重要等

The project wasted a considerable amount of time and money.

16.crack v. ①因压力吃不消,崩溃,瓦解Things are terrible at work and people are cracking under the strain.

②找到解决难题等的方法to crack the enemy’s code/a hard/tough nut to crack

③crack down on 竭力取缔;严厉打击;镇压

Police are cracking down on drug dealers.

get cracking 立即大干起来

not all, everything sb’s cracked up to be 不像人们说的那么好

crack on with sth 为尽快完成而努力干;急速经过,穿过;快速继续下去

crack up 因压力造成身体或精神垮掉,崩溃

crack sb up 使大笑起来

17.crisis n.危机;危急关头financial crisis 复数:crises

18.damp adi.潮湿的;微湿的;湿气重的 a damp squib 令人失望的事;令人扫兴的事

n. 潮湿;潮气;湿气;湿块

19.define v. ①解释;给…下定义The term “mental illness” is hard to define.

②阐明;明确;界定It’s difficult to define what makes him so popular.

The difficulty of a problem was defined in terms of how long it took to complete.

20. demanding adj. ①needing a lot of skill, patience, effort etc.要求高的;需要高技能或耐性的;费力的

The work is physically demanding.

②要求极严的;苛求的;难满足的a demanding boss/ child

21.depression n. ①a state of feeling very sad and without hope 抑郁;沮丧;消沉

There was a feeling of gloom and depression in the office when news of job cuts was announced.

②萧条期;经济衰退;不景气The country was in the economic depression.

depressed adj. 抑郁的;沮丧的;意志消沉的/ 不景气的;萧条的;经济困难的

22.dictation n. 口述/ 听写

23.discipline n. ①训练;训导;纪律;风纪The school has a reputation for high standards of discipline.

②the ability to control your behaviour or the way you live ,work.自制力;遵守纪律

He will never get anywhere working for himself----he has got no discipline.

v. ①惩罚;处罚The officers were disciplined for using racist language.

②自我控制;严格要求自己He disciplined himself to exercise at least three times a week.

24.domestic adj. ①本国的;国内的domestic affairs/ politics/ flights foreign flights

②家用的;家庭的;家务的domestic violence/ service 家庭暴力/ 家政服务

③驯养的;作宠物饲养的;非野生的

25. drown v. ①淹死,溺死Two children drowned after falling into the river.

He had attempted to rescue the drowning man.

②压过;盖没;淹没She turned up the radio to drown out the noise from next door.

③drown your fears/loneliness/sorrows 借酒壮胆,解寂寞,浇愁等

26.drum n. 鼓beat/bang the drum for sb/sth 竭力鼓吹,摇旗呐喊

27.efficient adj. doing sth well and thoroughly with no waste time, money or energy 效率高的;有功效的

the efficient use of energy 注意:inefficient efficiency efficiently

28.element n. ①要素;基本部分;典型部分a key element

②基本原理,基础,纲要He taught me the elements of map-reading.

③电器元件

29.entitle v. ①使享有资格;使符合资格entitle sb to sth

You will be entitled to your pension when you reach 65.

entite sb to do sth

This ticket does not entitle you to travel first class.

②给…命名或提名He read a poem entitled “Salt”

n. entitlement 权利,资格/有权得到的东西;应得的数额/政府津贴制

30.equate v. equate sth with sth 同等看待;使等同于

Some parents equate education with exam success.

equate to sth 相当于;等于

31.even ①adv.强调出乎意料甚至,连,即使He never even opened the letter.

②adj. = equal equal or the same for each person , team place etc.

Our scores are now even.

平滑的;平/变化不大的,均匀的,平稳的/相等的;均等的/均衡的;不相上下的;同一水平的/匀称的;均匀的;同样大小的/镇静的;稳重的;平和的,温和的

32.exception n.例外no exception / Nobody had much money at the time and I was no exception.

33.exhibition n. 展览品/展览;展出/表现,显示,表演

34.fax n. 传真机/传真/传真信件;传真电文v. 传真信件文档等。

35.feature ①n. 特色;特征;特点Teamwork is a key feature of the training programme.

②v. 以…为特征;是…的特征to have or include someone or something as an important part

The building features a state –of-the-art security system.

The new menu features several low-fat entrée.(主菜)

36.fibre= fiber n.食物中的纤维素/织物或绳等纤维制品/纤维

37.file n.文件夹;卷宗/文件/档案/ 38.garment n.一件衣服

39. glue n.胶;胶水

v. 用胶水粘合,粘牢,粘贴She glued the label onto the box.

①be glued to sth: to give all your attention to sth; to stay very close to sth全神贯注看着某物;离某

物很近。Her eyes were glued to the screen.

②glued to the spot: not able to move, for example because you are frightened or surprised 动弹

不得;吓呆了;惊呆了

40.goose/ geese n.鹅/傻瓜;笨蛋

41.guard n.警卫/看守/卫兵/保卫

v. to protect property, places or people from attack or danger. 警卫;守卫;保卫

You can’t get in ; the whole place is guarded.

42.handkerchief n. 手帕;纸巾

43.hurrah =hooray : used to show that you are happy or that you approve of sth表示快乐或赞同/好极了;好啊

44.illustrate v. ①to make the meaning of sth clearly by using examples,pictures,etc.用示例,图画等说明解释。

Here’s an example to illustrate what I mean.

②to show that sth is true or that a situation exists 表明…真实;显示…存在=demonstrate

The incident illustrates the need for better security measure.

45.imply v.to suggest that sth is true or that you feel or think sth, without saying so directly. 暗示;暗指

46.inflation n.通货膨胀the fight against rising inflation

47.install v. 安装;设置;建立程序I will need some help installing the software.

48.insult v. to say or do sth that offends sb 辱骂;侮辱;冒犯

I have never been so insulted in my life.

49.insurance n. 保险life/car/travel/household insurance

50.insure v.投保;给…保险We strongly recommend insuring against sickness or injury.

51.internal adj. coming from within a thing itself rather than from outside it 本身的;自身的;内部的

opp: external

52.interpret v. ①to explain the meaning of sth 阐释;说明

The students were asked to interpret the poem.

I don’t know whether to interpret her silence as acceptance or refusal.(把…理解为;领会)

②to perform a piece of music , a role in a play, in a way that shows your feelings about its meaning. 演绎

He interpreted the role with a lot of humour.

n. interpretation 理解;解释;说明/演绎;演奏方式;表演方式

n interptreter 口译工作者;口译译员/演绎音乐戏剧中人物等的人

53.invest v. ①投资The government has invested heavily in public transport.

②投入时间精力等She had invested all her adult life in the relationship.

n. investment The project has demanded considerable investment of time and effort.

54.iron. n. 铁/镣铐have several irons in the fire 同时有好几事要做;广泛撒网v. 熨,烫平to iron that dress

55.issue n. ①问题;担忧If you have any issues, please call this number.

②报刊的一期;期号the July issue of 。。。

v. to give sth to sb ,especially officially 正式发给;供给

Work permits were issued to only 5% of those who applied for them.

56.item n. ①项目What’s the next item on the agenda?

②a single article or object 一件商品或物品Can I pay each item separately?

57.joint adj.联合的;共同的a joint effort 共同努力的结果

58.junction n. 公路或铁路的交叉路口,汇合处,枢纽站;电缆的主接点;河流的汇合处;结合点

59. justify v. ①to show that sb/sth is right or reasonable 证明…正确或正当,有理

How can they justify paying such huge salaries?

Her success had justified the faith her teachers had put in her.

②to give an explanation or excuse for sth or for doing sth 对…作出解释;为…辩解或辩护

The Prime Minister has been asked to justify the decision to Parliament.

60.keen adj. ①wanting to do sth or wanting sth to happen very much 渴望;热切;热衷于

John was very keen to help.

②be keen on doing sth 喜爱;着迷;有兴趣

She is not keen on being told what to do.

61.kettle n.壶,水壶an electric kettle 电水壶

https://www.doczj.com/doc/1914185134.html,ptop n. 笔记本电脑;便携式电脑

63.least a,n,adv .not in the least 一点也不;丝毫不A:Do you mind if I put the TV on? B:No, not in the least.

at least : not less than 至少;不少于Cut the grass at least once a week in summer.

64.license n.an official document that shows that permission has been given to do ,own or use sth

①许可证;执照a driving license 驾驶执照a license for the software 软件许可证

You need a license to fish in this river.

65.literally adv. ①字面意义的When I told you to get lost I didn’t expect to be taken literally.

②强调事实可能令人惊讶真正地,确实地There are literally hundreds of prizes to win.

③简直. I literally jumped out of my skin.

注意:literary adj. 文学的;文学上的literary criticism 文学评论

66.litter n.在公共场所乱扔的垃圾,废弃物,杂物。

v.使乱七八糟;使凌乱Piles of books and newspapers littered the floor.

67.lounge n. 等候室;休息室;起居室

68.margin n.页边空白;白边the left-hand/ right-hand margin 左右页边

on the margins of society生活在社会边缘的人

69.marvellous adj.extremely good; wonderful 极好的,非凡的= fantastic, splendid

It’s marvellous what modern technology can do.

70.massive adj . very large ,heavy and solid 巨大的;大而重的;结实的a massive rock/hole/house

https://www.doczj.com/doc/1914185134.html,itary adj.军事的;军队的;武装的military training/intelligence

n. the military 军人;军队;军方

72. mine n.铜矿;钻石矿;v. 开矿,采矿They were mining for gold.

73.miserable adj. very unhappy or uncomfortable 痛苦的;非常难受的;可怜的

I spent a miserable weekend alone at home.

74.misery n.痛苦;悲惨=distress the miseries of unemployment失业的痛苦

75.mug n.大杯;缸子;马克杯a mug’s game 徒劳无功的事;不易成功的事;不易获利的事

76.neglect v.not to give enough attention to sth 忽略;忽视;不予重视;疏忽;疏漏

The building has been neglected for years.

n.忽视;忽略;未被重视The law imposes penalties for the neglect of children.

77.nevertheless adv.尽管如此;不过;然而There is little chance that we will succeed in changing the law.

Nevertheless, it is important that we try.

78.nonsense n. ①谬论;胡扯;胡言乱语You are talking nonsense.

②愚蠢的行为;冒失;不可接受的行为

The new teacher won’t stand for any nonsense.

79.odd. adj. ①strange or unusual 奇怪的;怪异的;反常的The odd thing was that he didn’t recognize me.

②临时的,偶尔的odd jobs 杂活;零活

80.omit v. 删除;忽略;漏掉;遗漏=leave out She omitted to mention that they were staying the night.

81. opposition n. ①强烈的反对,反抗,对抗

Delegates expressed strong opposition to the plans.

②事业,竞赛,游戏等的对手,敌手,竞争者

The opposition is mounting a strong challenge to our business.

82.oval n. 椭圆形adj. 椭圆形的

83.part v.离开;分别;分开The puppies were parted from their mother at birth.

The elevator doors parted and out stepped the president.

84.peach n.桃子,桃

85.perfume n.香水

86.postcode n.邮政编码;邮编

87.priority n. ①优先事项;最重要的事;首要事情Our first priority is to improve standards.

②优先;优先权The search for a new vaccine will take priority over all other medical research.

88.proof n. 证据;证明adj.能抵御的;能防范;可防护rainproof/ windproof

89.proposal n.提议;建议;动议;求婚His proposal that the system should be changed was rejected.

90.propose v.建议;提议It is proposed that the president be elected for a period of two years.

He proposed changing the name of the company.

91.providing = provided(that)=if conj. 如果;假如;在…条件下

We will buy everything you produce, provided the price is right.

92.reason v.推理;推论;推断She reasoned that she must have left her bag on the train.

93.recite v.背诵,吟诵,朗诵;列举;逐一讲述

94.revenue n. 财政收入;税收收入;收益The company’s annual revenues rose 30%.

95.rewind v.重绕;倒带;倒片

96.sake n. for the sake of 为了某人某事起见;因某人某事的缘故

The translation sacrifices naturalness for the sake of accuracy.

She gave up smoking for the sake of her health.

97.sausage n.香肠;腊肠

98.scale n. ①规模,范围,程度Here was corruption on a large scale.

It was impossible to comprehend the full scale of the disaster.

②标度;刻度How much does it read on the scale?

99.scheme n. 计划;方案;体系;体制to introduce/operate a scheme

100.series n.一系列;连续;连接The incident sparked off a whole series of events that nobody had foreseen. 101.shift v.①to move sth from one position or place to another 移动;挪动

She shifted her weight from one foot to the other.

②改变观点或态度,做事方式等The new policy shifted the emphasis away from fighting inflation.

n. ①改变;转移;转换;变换a shift of emphasis

②班;轮班;轮班工作时间to be on the day/night shift at the factory.

102.signature n.签名;署名

104.sin n. 罪,罪恶,罪过Confess your sins to God and he will forgive you.

105.slap v.用手掌打拍掴She slapped him hard across the face. a slap on the wrist 警告,轻微的惩罚106.snap v.拍照;摄影A passing tourist snapped the incident.

107.socket n. 电源插座;插口;插孔;

108.sour adj. ①酸的;有酸味的sour apples

②not cheerful;bad-tempered and unpleasant 阴郁的;闷闷不乐的,没好气的

The meeting ended on a sour note with several people walking out.

sourly 没好气的

109. spade n.锹;铲call a spade a spade

110.spoil v①破坏;搞坏;糟蹋;毁掉=ruin / Don’t eat too much nuts—you will spoil your appetite.

②溺爱;娇惯;宠坏She spoils those kids of hers.

111.spoon n. 勺;匙;调羹

112.spoonful n. 一勺的量

113.stall n. 货摊,摊位,售货亭a market stall

114.stock n. 股票stock prices 股票价格stock market 证券交易;股市

115.stocking n. 长筒袜

116.strait n.海峡;水道

117.stretch v. ①to put your arms or legs out straight and contract your muscles 伸展;舒展

He stretched and yawned lazily.

②伸手够着/延伸;绵延/延续/足够买或支付

stretch out 躺下通常为休息或睡觉()

118.stuff n.东西;物品

119.submission n. 屈服;投降;归顺;提交;呈递;提交文件,建议等

When is the final date for the submission of proposal?

120.substance n. 物质;物品;东西

121.sufficient adj. enough for a particular purpose;as much as you need留出足够的;充足的

These reasons are not sufficient to justify the ban. insufficient

122.surgery n.外科手术

123.territory n.领土;版图;领地;领域;管区;地盘

124.towel n.毛巾;手巾;抹布;纸巾

125.transfer v. ①到新地方,转移,搬迁

How can I transfer money from my bank account to his?

The patient was transferred to another hospital.

②到新的工作/学校/环境He transferred to UCIA after his freshman year.

③换乘交通工具I transferred at Bahrain for a flight to Singapore.

126.transparent adj. ①透明的;清澈的The insect’s wings are almost transparent.

②easy to understand易懂的a compaign to make official documents transparent 127.tremendous adj. ①巨大的;极大的=huge / A tremendous amount of work has gone into the project.

②极好的;精彩的;了不起的=remarkable / It was atremendous experience. 128.unconscious adj. ①无知觉的;昏迷的;不省人事的They found him lying unconscious on the floor.

②be unconscious of =be not aware of 未察觉;未注意到;未注意

He was quite unconscious of the danger.

130.undo v. ①打开;解开;拆开I undid the package and took out the books.

②消除,取消,废止It’s not too late to try and undo some of the damage.

131.unrest n.动荡;动乱;骚动There is growing unrest in the south of the country.

132.vertical adj.竖的;垂直的;直立的;纵向的The cliff was almost vertical.

133.vinegar n.醋134.walnut n.核桃;胡桃

135.weird adj.奇异的;不寻常的;怪诞的=strange /He has got some weird ideas.

136.yoghurt n.酸奶

江苏英语高考高频词汇

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2010年江苏省高考英语词汇表新增单词 A acceptable[ ?k'sept?bl ] adj.可接受的 according[ ?'k?:di? ]adv. (to)根据,按照advertisement[?d'v?:tism?nt/,?dv?'taiz m?nt]n.广告 airmail [ 'e?meil ] n.航空邮件 all right [ ,?:l'rait ] 不错,好,行application [ ,?pli'kei??n ] n. 应用,申请 B basin [ 'beis?n ] n. 盆,脸盆 beddings [ 'bedi?s ] n. 寝具,床上用品beginning [ bi'gini? ] n. 开始,开端blackboard [ 'bl?kb?:d ]n. 黑板 blonde [ bl?nd ] n. 金发碧眼女人(或女孩) C caption [ 'k?p??n ] n. 字幕, 说明 career [ k?'ri? ] n. 生涯,事业 cautious [ 'k?:??s ]adj.十分小心的,谨慎的changeable [ 't?eind??bl ]adj. 可改变的 claim [ kleim ] n. 要求,要求权利 v. 要求,主张;声称;(灾祸)夺走(生命) client [ 'klai?nt ]n. n. 客户; 委托人 clue [ klu: ] n. 线索 code [ k?ud ] n. 码,密码 collapse [ k?'l?ps ] v. 倒塌,崩溃,瓦解combination [ ,k?mbi'nei??n ] n. 结合,联合 commission [ k?'mi??n ] n. 委任;任命;授权complicated [ 'k?mplikeitid ] adj. 复杂的,难懂的 concerned [ k?n's?:nd ] adj. 关心的 confidence [ 'k?nfid?ns ] n. 信任,信心 considerable[ k?n'sid?r?bl ] adj. 相当的,可观的 contact [ 'k?nt?kt ] vt. n. 接触,联系 contract [ 'k?ntr?kt ] n. 合约,婚约,立约contradictory [ ,k?ntr?'dikt?ri ] adj. 反驳的,反对的,抗辩的cope [ k?up ] vi. (with)对付,应付;处理council [ 'kaunsil ] n. 理事会,委员会,议会 crack [ kr?k ] vi. 断裂,破裂;发出噼啪声critical [ 'kritik?l ] adj. 批评的,挑剔的 criticism [ 'kritisiz(?)m ] n. 批评,评论 criticize [ 'kritisaiz ] vt. 批评;评论

2018年高考数学考纲与考试说明解读

2018年高考数学考纲与考试说明解读 专题一:函数、极限与导数的综合问题(一)不等式、函数与导数部分考查特点分析与建议

全国课标卷考查内容分析(考什么) (一)结论: 考查的核心知识为:函数的概念、函数的性质、函数的图象、导数的应用 函数的概念:函数的定义域、值域、解析式(分段函数); 函数的性质:函数的奇偶性、单调性、对称性、周期性; 函数的图象:包含显性与隐性; 导数的应用:导数的概念及其几何意义;利用导数求单调区间、极值、最值 与零点;结合函数的单调性解不等式或证明不等式、求参数范围. (二)试题题型结构:全国卷基本上是2道选择题或填空题、1道解答题,共3道题.分值为22分. (三)试题难度定位:全国卷对函数与导数的考查难度相对稳定,选择、填空题中,有一道为中等难度,另一道作为选择、填空的“压轴题”进行考查;解答题均放置于“压轴”位置. 小题考点可总结为八类: (1)分段函数;(2)函数的性质; (3)基本函数;(4)函数图像; (5)方程的根(函数的零点);(6)函数的最值; (7)导数及其应用;(8)定积分。 解答题主要是利用导数处理函数、方程和不等式等问题,有一定的难度,往往放在解答题的后面两道题中的一个.纵观近几年全国新课标高考题,常见的考点可分为六个方面:(1)变量的取值范围问题;(2)证明不等式的问题; (3)方程的根(函数的零点)问题;(4)函数的最值与极值问题; (5)导数的几何意义问题;(6)存在性问题。

考点: 题型1 函数的概念 例1 有以下判断: ①f (x )=|x | x 与g (x )=? ?? ?? 1 x -x 表示同一函数; ②函数y =f (x )的图象与直线x =1的交点最多有1个; ③f (x )=x 2-2x +1与g (t )=t 2 -2t +1是同一函数; ④若f (x )=|x -1|-|x |,则f ? ?? ??f ? ????12=0. 其中正确判断的序号是________. 题型2 函数的概念、性质、图象和零点(2017年全国新课标Ⅰ卷理科第8题) 例 2、已知函数()()2112x x f x x x a e e --+=-++有唯一零点,则a = 【解析】函数()f x 的零点满足()2112e e x x x x a --+-=-+, 设()1 1 e e x x g x --+=+,则 当()0g x '=时, 1x =;当1x <时, ()0g x '<,函数()g x 单调递减; 当1x >时, ()0g x '>,函数()g x 单调递增,当1x =时,函数()g x 取得最小值,为 ()12g =.设()2 2h x x x =-,当1x =时,函数()h x 取得最小值,为1-,若0a ->, 函数()h x 与函数()a g x -没有交点;若0a -<,当()()11a g h -=时,函数()h x 和 ()a g x -有一个交点,即21a -?=-,解得故选C. 例3、 (2012理科)(10) 已知函数1()ln (1)f x x x = +-;则 () y f x =

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