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《冰鉴》神骨原文及译文

《冰鉴》神骨原文及译文
《冰鉴》神骨原文及译文

《冰鉴》神骨原文及译文

作者:曾国藩

语云:"脱谷为糠,其髓斯存",神之谓也。"山骞不崩,唯石为镇",骨之谓也。一身精神,具乎两目;一身骨相,具乎面部。他家

兼论形骸,文人先观神骨。开门见山,此为第一。

文人论神,有清浊之辨。清浊易辨,邪正难辨。欲辨邪正,先观动静;静若含珠,动若木发;静若无人,动若赴的,此为澄清到底。

静若萤光,动若流水,尖巧而喜淫;静若半睡,动若鹿骇,别人而深思。一为败器,一为隐流,均之托迹于清,不可不辨。

凡精神,抖擞处易见,断续处难见。断者出处断,续者闭处续。道家所谓"收拾入门"之说,不了处看其脱略,做了处看其针线。小

心者,从其不了处看之,疏节阔目,若不经意,所谓脱略也。大胆者,从其做了处看之,慎重周密,无有苟且,所谓针线也。二者实

看向内处,稍移外便落情态矣,情态易见。

骨有九起:天庭骨隆起,枕骨强起,顶骨平起,佐串骨角起,太阳骨线起,眉骨伏犀起,鼻骨芽起,颧骨若不得而起,项骨平伏起。在头,以天庭骨、枕骨、太阳骨为主;在面,以眉骨、颧骨为主。五

者备,柱石之器也;一则不穷;二则不贱;三则动履稍胜;四则贵矣。

骨有色,面以青为贵,"少年公卿半青面"是也。紫次之,白斯下矣。骨有质,头以联者为贵。碎次之。总之,头上无恶骨,面佳不

如头佳。然大而缺天庭,终是贱品;圆而无串骨,半是孤僧;鼻骨犯眉,堂上不寿。颧骨与眼争,子嗣不立。此中贵贱,有毫厘千里之辨。

俗话说:"去掉稻谷的外壳,就是没有多大用途的谷糠,但稻谷

的精华--米,仍然存在着,不会因外壳磨损而丢失。"这个精华,用

在人身上,就是一个人的内在精神状态。俗话义说:"山岳表面的泥

土虽然经常脱落流失,但它却不会倒塌破碎,因为它的主体部分是

硬如钢铁的岩石,不会被风吹雨打去。"这里所说的"镇石",相当于

一个人身上最坚硬的部分--骨骼。一个人的精神状态,主要集中在

他的两只眼睛里;一个人的骨骼丰俊,主要集中在他的一张面孔上。

像工人、农民、商人、军士等各类人员,既要看他们的内在精神状态,又要考察他们的体势情态。作为以文为主的读书人,主要看他

们的精神状态和骨骼丰俊与否。精神和骨骼就像两扇大门,命运就

像深藏于内的各种宝藏物品,察看人们的精神和骨骼,就相当于去

打开两扇大门。门打开之后,自然可以发现里面的宝藏物品,而测

知人的气质了。两扇大门--精神和骨铬,是观人的第一要决。

古之医家、文人、养生者在研究、观察人的"神"时,一般都把"神"分为清纯与昏浊两种类型。"神"的清纯与昏浊是比较容易区别的,但因为清纯又有奸邪与忠直之分,这奸邪与忠直则不容易分辨。要

考察一个人是奸邪还是忠直,应先看他处于动静两种状态下的表现。眼睛处于静态之时,目光安详沉稳而又有光,真情深蕴,宛如两颗

晶亮的明珠,含而不露;处于动态之时,眼中精光闪烁,敏锐犀利,

就如春木抽出的新芽。双眼处于静态之时,目光清明沉稳,旁若无人。处于动态之时,目光暗藏杀机,锋芒外露,宛如瞄准目标,一

发中的,待弦而发。以上两种神情,澄明清澈,属于纯正的神情。

两眼处于静态的时候,目光有如萤火虫之光,微弱而闪烁不定;处于

动态的时候,目光有如流动之水,虽然澄清却游移不定。以上两种

目光,一是善于伪饰的神情,一是奸心内萌的神情。两眼处于静态

的时候,目光似睡非睡,似醒非醒;处于动态的时候,目光总是像惊

鹿一样惶惶不安。以上两种目光,一则是有智有能而不循正道的神情,一则是深谋图巧又怕别人窥见他的内心的神情。具有前两种神

情者多是有瑕疵之辈,具有后两种神情者则是含而不发之人,都属

于奸邪神情。可是它们却混杂在清纯的神情之中,这是观神时必须

仔细加以辨别的。

一般来说,观察识别人的精神状态,那种只是在那里故作振作者,是比较容易识别的,而那种看起来似乎是在那里故作抖擞,又可能

是真的精神振作,则就比较难于识别了。精神不足,即便它是故作

振作并表现于外,但不足的特征是掩盖不了的。而精神有余,则是

由于它是自然流露并蕴含于内。道家有所谓"收拾入门"之说,用于

观"神",要领是:尚未"收拾",要着重看人的轻慢不拘,已经"收拾

入门",则要着重看人的精细周密。对于小心谨慎的人,要从尚未"

收拾入门"的时候去看他,这样就可以发现,他愈是小心谨慎,他的

举动就愈是不精细,欠周密,总好像漫不经心,这种精神状态,就

是所谓的轻慢不拘;对于率直豪放的人,要从已经"收拾入门"的时候

去看他,这样就可以发现,他愈是率直豪放,他的举动就愈是慎重

周密,做什么都一丝不苟,这种精神状态,实际上都存在于内心世界,但是它们只要稍微向外一流露,立刻就会变为情态,而情态则

是比较容易看到的。

九贵骨各有各的姿势:天庭骨丰隆饱满;枕骨充实显露;顶骨平正而突兀;佐串骨像角一样斜斜而上,直入发际;太阳骨直线上升;眉骨

骨棱显而不露,隐隐约约像犀角平伏在那里;鼻骨状如芦笋竹芽,挺

技而起;颧骨有力有势,又不陷不露;项骨平伏厚实,又约显约露。

看头部的骨相,主要看天庭、枕骨、太阳骨这三处关键部位;看面部

的骨相,则主要看眉骨、颧骨这两处关键部分。如果以上五种骨相

完美无缺,此人一定是国家的栋梁之材;如果只具备其中的一种,此

人便终生不会贫穷;如果能具备其中的两种,此人便终生不会卑贱;

如果能具备其中的三种,此人只要有所作为,就会发达起来;如果能

具备其中的四种,此人一定会显贵。

骨有不同的颜色,面部颜色,则以青色最为高贵。俗话说的"少

年公卿半青面",就是这个意思。黄中透红的紫色比青色略次一等,

面如枯骨着粉白色则是最下等的颜色。骨有一定的气势,头部骨骼

以相互关联、气势贯通最为高贵,互不贯通、支离散乱则略次一等。总之,只要头上没有恶骨,就是面再好也不如头好。然而,如果头

大而天庭骨却不丰隆,终是卑贱的品位;如果头圆而佐串骨却隐伏不见,多半要成为僧人;如果鼻骨冲犯两眉,父母必不长寿;如果颧骨

紧贴眼尾而颧峰凌眼,必无子孙后代。这里的富贵与贫贱差别,有

如毫厘之短与千里之长,是非常大的。

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大学英语六级翻译练习 答案精编版

Passage 1北京大学 北京大学于1898年成立,原名为京师大学堂(the Imperial University of Peking)。该大学的成立标志着中国近代史上高等教育的开始。在中国近代史上,它是进步思想的中心,对中国新文化运动、五四运动及其他重要事件的发生颇有影响。今天,国内不少高校排行榜将北京大学放入国内顶尖大学之列。该校重视教学和科学研究。为提高本科生教育和研究生教育质量、保持其领先研究机构的地位,学校已做出很大努力。此外,学校尤以其校园环境及优美的中国传统建筑而闻名。 Originally known as the Imperial University of Peking, Peking University was established in 1898. The establishment of the University marked the beginning of higher education in China's modem history. In modem history of China it was a center for progressive thought and was influential in the birth of China's New Culture Movement May Fourth Movement and many other significant events. Today, Peking University was placed by marry domestic university rankings amongst the top universities in China The university lays emphasis on both teaching, and scientific research. It has made great efforts to improve the undergraduate and graduate education, and maintain its role as a leading research institution In addition, the University is especially renowned for its campus environment and the beauty of its traditional Chinese architecture. Passage 2 中国的民族 中国以其人口密集、疆域辽阔而著称。作为一个多民族国家,中国共有56个民族,总人口约14亿人。汉族是中华民族的主体民族,约占全国人口的92%.主要分布在东部和中部。而其他少数民族居住相对分散,主要分布在中国的西南、西北和东北部地区。每个少数民族都有与众不同的特点、悠久的传统文化和独特的风俗习惯。中国政府长久以来一直提倡和发展平等、团结的民族关系,强调各民族共同发展、共同繁荣。 以……而著称be noted /famous for 少数民族ethnic minority; minority ethnic group 人口密集dense population 与众不同的特点distinctive character 疆域辽阔vast territory 独特的风俗习惯unique convention 多民族的国家a multinational country 提倡advocate; propose 汉族the Han Nationality 强调highlight; emphasize 分布distribute China is noted for its dense population and vast territory. As a multinational country, China is home to 56 ethnic groups with a total population of about l.4 billion The Han Nationality is the majority, accounting for 92% 0f the total population which distributes mainly in the east and middle of China; while the ethnic minorities dwell extensively all over China distributing mainly in the southwest, the northwest and the northeast. Each of the minority ethnic groups has a distinctive character, long traditional culture and unique conventions. Chinese government has long been advocating and developing an equal and united ethnic relationship, highlighting the common development and prosperity of all ethnic groups. Passage 3 中国桥梁 中国的桥梁建设有着悠久的历史中国古代桥梁以木材和石头为主要建筑材料,形式多样,极富特色。中国现存最古老的桥梁为隋代建造的安济桥,位于河北省赵县安济桥又名赵州桥,桥长50.82关,桥宽9米,为国家重点保护的文物(cultural relic). 清朝末年,兰州黄河铁桥建成,标志着中国桥梁建设进入了以钢铁和混凝土( concrete)为主要材料的时期:如今,中国的桥梁建设保持着多项世界记录,中国跻身于世界桥梁建设强国行列. 桥梁建设bridge construction/building 末年late years; last years: final years 有着悠久的历史boast/have a long history 进入了……的时期step into an era of___ 形式多样vary in forms 世界记录world record

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