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新东方:大学英语四级听力四大题型全解析

北京新东方学校:大学英语四级听力四大题型全解析
来源:北京新东方学校 字号:T|T

摘要:北京新东方学校:大学英语四级听力四大题型全解析。
四级听力题目构成与比例

小对话: 8% 选择题共8道对话,每题长约1分钟

长对话: 7% 选择题共2段对话,每段长约3分钟

听力短文: 10% 选择题共3篇文章,每篇长约3分钟

复合式听写:10% 听写填空填8个单词和三句话,放音三遍,共计8分钟

听力位于考试的卷二部分,共占全卷35%。

第一部分:小对话

做题方式:视听反向原则、同义替换原则,第二句话易为考点。

例题:

2009年12月四级考试第9题

A) She must have paid a lot for the gym. B) She is known to have a terrific figure.

C) Her gym exercise has yielded good results. D) Her effort to keep fit is really praiseworthy.

Woman: I’ve been working out the gym since January. I was a bit out of shape.

Man: You look terrific! It seems that your effort has paid off.

Question: What does the man imply about the woman?

解析:可以明显看出,本题的答案为C(她的健身房联系获得了好的结果)。yielded good results和原文中的your effort has paid off产生了替换作用。其中,类似gym和terrific、efforts等这样明显的词汇是特别需要慎选的,因为这些词汇都在原文中被明显播读过。另外本题目中还包括很多有用的说法:例如terrific figure (魔鬼身材)paid off(发生效果),以及重复考过的out of shape (身材走样) 等等。

例题:

请关注2009年6月几道小对话题目的原文形式和设问方式:

W: There were more than a hundred people at Kate's birthday party. How come she's got so many friends?

M: It's really no surprise. You know she was popular even when she was a child.

Q: What does the man imply about Kate?

M: My washing machine is more than fifteen years old and it has worked just fine until last night。

W: You'll never be able to get parts for it, even from Japan. So it might be time to invest a more recent model。

Q: What does the woman suggest the man do?

W: I heard about your promotion, you must be thrilled。

M: Not really, the new office is huge, but the word load has doubled。

Q: What do we learn about the man from the conversation?

以上三道小对话,都把问题的设计方向安排在第二句的位置上。所以,考生在解题时需要将自己的听力重点放在第二句上。

第二部分:长对话

做题方式:视听基本一致原则,场景解题原则

视听基本一致的含义是指,听到的原文和看到的选项若基本一致,则选项容易为正确选

择。这一点和短对话的原则恰恰相反,请考生一定注意。另外,考生还应注意长对话第一回合句,转折关系以及语调变化等。

例题:

2009年12月四级考试第1篇长对话(部分节选):

Questions 19 to 22 are based on the conversation you have just heard.

19. A) He prefers the smaller evening classes C) He has to work during the day.

B) He has signed up for a day course. D) He finds the evening course cheaper.

20. A) Learn a computer language. C) Buy some computer software.

B) Learn data processing. D) Buy a few coursebooks.

答案:C B

听力原文(部分节选):

Woman: Hello, Parkson College. May I help you?

Man: Yes. I’m looking for information on courses in computer programming. I would need it for the fourth semester.

W: Do you want a day or evening course?

M: Well, it would have to be an evening course since I work during the day(19题答案点在此处直接被读出).

W: Aha. Have you taken any courses in data processing?

M: No.

W: Oh. Well, data processing is a course you have to take(20题答案点在此处被读到) before you can take computer programming….

19. Why does the man choose to take an evening course?

20. What does the man have to do before taking the course of computer programming?

特别需要指出的是,本题发生的主题场景就在大学——Parkson College,学生向老师咨询课程(courses)的内容。这时,做完题目的考生得问问自己:选修课必修课,大课小课,讲座展示,学分学时这类词汇和短语我们都会说么?(具体内容请特别关注本期七大听力高频词汇)

第三部分:短文听力

短文听力一般篇幅比较长,而且问题又出现在整个材料读完之后,所以对很多考生来说,如果完全听完材料,再听问题最后选择的话,就很容易忘记刚刚在材料中所听到的内容,尤其是当考察一些细节题目的时侯。针对这一情况,我们提供如下四种方法,在听材料的同时选出答案来。分别是:首尾法、视听一致原则、替换法、短词题解题法。

1、首尾法:根据统计,一篇听力材料,比较容易出题的地方是这篇材料的前几句和后几句。而且分别针对的是这篇材料所对应题目的第一道和最后一道。因此,对于“慢热型(听过几句话之后,才能集中起注意力来,但这时很可能第一道题目的正确答案已经被读过)”的同学来说,从材料的第一句话就要开始注意听了。一旦错过了正确答案针对的那句话,就可能没有机会选出正确选项了。下面举一个典型的例子:

以2009年6月的四级考试第三篇短文听力为例,、

Q32: Why is life said to be difficul

t for Hollywood kids?

Q35: What will probably have negative effects on the lives of Hollywood kids?

32. A) The atmosphere they live in is rather unreal.

B) Their parents put too much pressure on them.

C) It’s hard for them to get along with other kids.

D) They have to live in the shadow of their parents.

35. A) The lifestyle depicted in Hollywood movies.

B) The worship of money, beauty and pleasure.

C) The attention the media focuses on them.

D) The pursuing of perfection in performance.

In Hollywood, everybody wants to be rich, famous and beautiful. Nobody wants to be old, unknown and poor. For Hollywood kids, life can be difficult, because they grow up in such an unreal atmosphere. Their parents are ambitious and the children are part of the parents’ ambitions. (首段)…Hollywood has always been the city of dreams. The kids there live unreal lives where money, beauty and pleasure are the only gods. Will children around the world soon start to think the same? Or do they already? (末段)

根据首段和末段的内容,我们很容易分析出,32题的答案是A,35题的答案是B。

2、同义替换法:如上题,在长对话和短文听力这两种题型中,约有30%的题目采用了替换法,采用同义的短语或单词替换。我们依旧以历年真题中的比较典型的一篇短文听力为例,这篇短文听力共有相对应的四道题目,都可以用我们的替换法解答。

14. A) He didn’t like physics any more. B) His eyesight was too poor.

C) Physics was too hard for him. D) He had to work to support himself.(D)

15. A) He was not happy with the new director.

B) He was not qualified to be an engineer.

C) He wanted to travel.

D) He found his job boring.(A)

16. A) He wanted to work with his friend.

B) He enjoyed traveling around the world.

C) He wanted to go to Spain.

D) He was rejected by the engineering firm.(C)

17. A) He enjoyed teaching English.

B) He wanted to earn more to support his family.

C) The owner of the school promised him a good position.

D) He could earn more as a teacher than as a travel agent.(B)


摘要:听力原文(部分)及问题如下 When I was at school, my ambition was to be a pilot in the Air Force. But my eyesight wasn't good enough. So I had to give up the idea. I went to university and

听力原文(部分)及问题如下

When I was at school, my ambition was to be a pilot in the Air Force. But my eyesight wasn't good enough. So I had to give up the idea. I went to university and studies physics. I wanted to stay on there and do research, but my father died at about that time. (14)So I thought I'd better get a job and earn my living. I started working in an engineering firm. I expecte

d to stay in that job for a long time. But then, they appointed a new managing director.(15) I didn't get on with him, so I resigned and applied for a job with another engineering company. …He offered me a job in Spain.(16)And I've always liked Spain, so I took it. I worked in the travel agency for two years and then they wanted to send me to South America. But I had just got married. So I decided to stay here. (17)Then we had a baby and I wasn't earning enough to support the family. So I started giving English lessons at a school in the evening. …

Questions 14 to 17 are based on the passage you have just heard.

14. Why did the man give up studying physics?

15. Why did the man resign from the engineering firm?

16. Why did the man take the job at the travel agency?

17. Why did the man start to teach English part time?

解析:

14和15是在同义短语结构上的替换。

第14题,正确答案是D,是把原文中的结构“earn my living”换成了选项中的“support himself”,其含义是“谋生”。(D)

第15题,正确答案是A,是把原文中的结构“not get on with somebody”换成了选项中的“not happy with somebody”,其含义是“与某人相处的不好”。

16和17题是在句义上的替换。

第16题,正确答案是C,是把原文中的结构“I've always liked Spain”换成了选项中的“He wanted to go to Spain”。

第17题,正确答案是B,是把原文中的结构“I wasn't earning enough to support the family.”换成了选项中的“He wanted to earn more to support his family”。

3、视听一致原则:这个方法已经在之前的长对话中演示过了。

4、短词题解题法:短词题指的是选项只有极少量单词构成,很多时候只有一个单词。解答这种题目采用的方法是“重复法”,即,哪个选项中的单词被读到的次数最多就为正确选项,例如,在某年考试中,有些题目被最多地读到了5次。另外,短词题的重复法不仅可以使用于短文听力,而且可以使用为长对话,例如:

2007年12月第24题

A)Translator. B)Travel agent. C)Language instructor. D)Environmental engineer.

其中,A选项中的translator被读到了3次,可判断为正确选项。而其他单词均未被读到。

第四部分:复合式听写

复合式听写要求些八个单词和三个句子。改革之后的四级考试,它是每年必考的题型,也是考生认为最难的一种题型,但并非无法可解。

首先,针对于八个单词的注意点如下:

第一、注意积累拼写难度较高的词汇

平时用惯了电脑的word纠错功能,便对某些拼写难度较高的词汇完全漠视。例如assignment(作业)convenient(方便)government(政府)

……其实,这些单词不是整体非常难写,而是在某些位置非常难写。例如,convenient的ve是容易写错的,government的n是最容易丢掉的等等…平时注意训练,上考场时就坦荡多了;

第二、注意听写句子的一些技巧

句子共播放三遍,每一遍可以都有不同侧重:

第一遍:先写下句子的开头,尤其是主语,并注意句子的大意;

第二遍:若感觉句子实在太难,可以放弃中间部分,努力写下句子的结尾;

第三遍:努力地把句子中间的部分写出一些。

只有写出完整准确的句子才可以获得满分,但是只写出句子的部分也是可以得到相应分数的,所以最忌讳全面放弃。

第三、可以适当改写

2006年12月四级考试听写第一句标准答案为:

What we may find interesting is that it usually takes more words to be polite.

若可以听懂大意,则可以写成简单的it’s interesting that more words are polite.

另外,听写完毕后的检查也很重要,最重要的三个条目是:大小写、时态和单复数。

重庆新东方学校:四级考试听力部分场景词汇必备
分享到: 2011-09-20 16:27 作者:尹晓莉 来源:重庆新东方学校 字号:T|T

摘要:重庆新东方学校:四级考试听力部分场景词汇必备。
广大考生在做四级考试的冲刺复习是,要有的放矢,有鉴别地复习,对于重点考点全方位归纳,做最后的提炼显得极为重要。现笔者就四级考试听力部分最后冲刺阶段给广大考生做一个整体复习,希望能够给广大考生提供这次考试之前的复习指导。

一、短对话的常见场景

1.学校场景

课程分类:Optional course 选修课 Required course 必修课 Day course 白天的课 Evening course 晚上的课

经常出现的科目或专业:Chinese 中文 English 英语 mathematic 数学 history 历史 chemistry 化学 Literature 文学

考试:Final exam 期终考试 middle exam 期中考试 make up 补考 test测验 pop test 事先没有说好的测验 quiz 测验 oral test 口试 考试临近 draw on / in sight of / draw nearly 考试延期或取消 delay / be off / defer / hold up / postpone / put off / suspend

学校分类:public school 公立学校 private school 私立学校 religious school 教会学校

学校中的人:president 校长 dean 院长 professor 教授 lecturer 讲师 coordinator 管理员 doctor 博士 master 硕士 bachelor 学士 freshman 大一新生 sophomore 大二学生 junior 大三学生 senior 大四学生

2. 图书馆:

借书 lend / borrow / check out 参考书 reference book 续借 renew 过期 overdue 还书 return罚金 fine attend / have a lecture 上课 cut a class 逃课 miss a class 错过了课 scholarship 荣

誉奖学金 assistantship 助教奖学金 teaching assistant 助教 research assistant 助研

3.交通运输场景:

fare 车票 license 驾照 rush hours 高峰时间 traffic jam 交通堵塞 overtake 超车 one way street 单行道 over speed 超速 police officer 交警 ticket 罚单 fine 罚金 fast way / express way / high way 高速公路 motor way 机动车道 super way 飞机机动车道 free way 免费高速公路 交通工具(出现频率从高到低) plane / train(女) / bus / bike(女) / walk(女) / taxi (女):女生比较喜欢 tunnel / channel 隧道 ring road 环线 subway(美) / underground (英) 地铁 metro 地道 overhead 轻轨 flyover 人行天桥 mag –lev 磁悬浮

4.电话场景:

mobile phone 手机 pay phone 公用电话 telephone box/booth 电话亭 yellow page 黄页 dial (拨电话号码) / press (按电话号码) extension 分机 operator 总机 put through 接通 wrong number / there is no one by this name 电话号码错了/ 没有这个人 is not in 不在? hold on 不要挂断,稍等 take/leave a message 留言 hang up / get off 挂断 credit call 记账式电话 bill the call into the 3rd party 免费电话 collect call 对方付费电话

5.机场场景:

plane / craft 飞机 book 订票 timetable 时间表 destination 目的地 open ticket one way ticket 单程票 round trip ticket 来回票 non-stop / direct flight 直航 transfer / lay over / stop over 转机 first / business / economy cabin 头等 / 商务 / 经济 舱 confirm the flight 确认航班 check in 登记 boarding card 登机牌 security check 安检 see off 送行 送别时的祝语 keep in touch 保持联系 safe landing 安全着陆 board 登机 take off 起飞 departure 离港 safety / sect belt 安全带 land 着陆 arrival 进港 pick up 接机

6.公司场景:

job vacancy 有空缺职位 letter of application 求职信 resume 简历 resume包括几部分 basic / personal info. 基本信息/个人资料 academic background 教育背景 work experience 工作经验 certificates 证书 interview 面试 offer 聘用信 work experience 工作经验 work overtime 加班 ask for a raise 加钱 wage 周薪 salary 日薪 bonus奖金 allowance 津贴 annual income 年收入 promotion 升职 fire 解雇 resign 辞职 work / job / career / course 工作 post / position / vocation / title 职务 假期休息的说法(依次是从大到小) holiday 假日,假期 vacation 休假 annual leave 年假 sick leave 病假 rest 休息 break 指喝杯茶、喝杯咖啡的休息 coffee break away 离开一会

7.租房场景:

live on campus 住校 live off campus 住校外 for sale 可销售的房子 for rent / lease 可出租的房子 to let 同上 rent 租金 utilities 公用事业费 location 位置 suburb / downtown 市郊 市中心 condition 住房条件 furnished 配家具 unfurnished 无装修 leaking 漏水 blacko

ut 断电 environment 环境 transportation 交通 land lord 房东 land lady 房东太太 tenant 房客 roommate 室友 好的室友:neat 整洁的 considerate 体贴的,细心的 不好的室友:messy / untidy 脏乱的 noisy 吵闹的

8.医院场景:

see a doctor 去医院看医生 send for a doctor 让医生出诊 health center / clinic 卫生所 / 门诊部 physician 内科医生 surgeon 外科医生 dentist 牙医 make an appointment 预约 emergency 急诊 check up / exam 检查 cold(感冒)—— flu (流感) ——headache (头痛)—— sore throat(嗓子痛)—— fever(发烧)—— toothache(牙疼) ——stomachache (胃疼) prescribe 开药方 pill / tablet 药片 liquid 喝药水 injection => shot 注射 operation 手术 medical result 诊断结果

9.宾馆场景:

make a reservation 预订房间 confirm a reservation 确认预订 cancel a reservation 取消预订 ully booked / full up / full 客满 porter 行旅员 tips 小费 reception 前台 check in 登记入住 single room 单人房 double room 一张大床的双人房 twin room 两张单人床的双人房 suite 套房 bathroom toilet / w.c closet restroom 厕所 room service 客房服务 (四级听力中的客房服务一般只有考一种——送餐) lounge 男士用休息区 lobby 大堂 business center 商务中心 salon 美容厅 ball 舞厅 bar 酒吧 night club 夜总会 check out 退房

10.邮局场景:

post / send / mail 寄 letter / mail 信 registered mail 挂号信 regular mail 平信 airmail 航空信 parcel / package 包裹 telegram / cable 电报 rate 费率 overweight 超重 postage 邮资 email 电子邮件 reply 回复 forward 转发 cc(carbon copy)抄送 bcc(blind carbon copy)秘密抄送 subject 主题 attach 附件

二、语段题部分

语段题概述:

从文章题材来分:三分之二考说明文,三分之一考记叙文,偶尔也考议论文,新闻报道;

从文章内容来分:二分之一考社科类,三分之一考故事,其他还考自然科学,人物传记。

语段题常考的八种文章:

1.学校题材(剑桥大学等)

重点:学校的地理位置,资金来源,校园环境,师生情况,课程情况,图书馆,课外活动,学校特色。

2.机构介绍(监狱,图书馆等)

重点:地点,规模,制度,专业。

3.社会热点

重点:轰动效应,背景(产生的原因),大众观点,作者态度。

4.灾难题(毒品,车祸等)

重点:问题类型,起因,危害,解决方法(尤其是科学家、研究人员提出的事实、观点、方法、结论)。

5.新闻题

重点:when where who why which(what) how 。

6.人物题

重点:生卒年月、出生地、成就(贡献)、坎坷遭遇、

结局。

7.科普题(太阳风等)

重点:物体特征、形成原因、分类、最新研究发现和初步结论。

8.故事

重点:主人公遭遇、变故、主人公做的决定、原因、结局。

语段题的做提步骤:

1.先预读备选项,从备选项推测文章的体裁和大致内容。

2.更据十大原则和该类文章的重点大致推测考点可能出现的位置。

3.听语段,尤其抓住标志词,确定考点。

4.听问题,将原文的意思对应选项。

对应选项一般有四种情况按难度依次为:

原词复现:选项中的用词和原文完全一样;

同义复现:选项中用一个同义词或词组替换原文中的词;

近义复现:选项与原文意思相近,但换了一种表达方式;

反意复现:选项与原文表达正好相反,但意思是一样的如:原文说如果怎样就会怎样,选项说 如果不怎么样就会如何。

十大类标志词

语段题中有90%以上的考点都是由标志词引导活提示的,因此在语段听力中听到下列标志词时要引起高度的重视,集中注意力听清标志词前后的句子。

1.最高级标志词

形容词、副词最高级、most / chief / primary / main / leading / ……

2.唯一级标志词

only / unique / prefer / every / one / of all / perfect / ……

3.因果项标志词

cause / lead to / contribute to / thanks to / owing to / question / answer / why / reason / 其他形式的问句 / ……

4.转则项关键词

despite / in spite of / instead / while / from ~ to ~ / although ~ (yet)~ / not only ~ but also ~ / ……

5.序数项标志词

所有的序数词(first , second)/ another / the other / next / last / in addition / on the other hand / ……

6.时间项标志词

when / how / today / as / before / after / since / then / until / ……

7.解释项标志词

or / namely / in other words / that is / that is to say / ……

8.目的项标志词

to / for / ……

9.总结项标志词

all in all / in brief / to conclude / at last / in summary / in short / ……

10.强调项标志词

副词:especially / particularly / almost / always / usually / ……

(by:新浪微博 也权)


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