不定代词的用法
1.代替或修饰不特指的人或事物的代词叫不定代词
2.some与any的区别
1）some多用于肯定句，表示“一些，几个”，可修饰不可数名词和可数名词的复数形式。any 多用于疑问句、条件句和否定句中，表示“一些”，可修饰不可数名词和可数名词的复数形式
2）在反问句、疑问句中，表示请求、建议和希望对方得到肯定回答时，多用some.
Would you like some beer？你要不要来点啤酒吗？
Why didn’t you buy some sweets？你怎么没买点糖果？
3）any 用于肯定句时,表示是“任何的”
Come any day you like.你哪天来都行。
3）some还有表示“某个”的意思
I’ll catch up with you some day有一天我会赶上你的。
3.复合不定代词：something(某事), someone(某人), somebody(某人), anything(任何事), anyone(任何人), anybody(任何人), nothing(没事),nobody(没有人), no one(没有人), everything(一切), everyone(每个人), everybody(每个人).
A：作主语时，谓语动词用单数。Is there anything wrong with your watch?”“No, nothing is wrong with it
B：修饰复合不定代词的形容词或不定式一定要位于它们的后面。
This is something special. 这是种特别的东西。
Haven’t you got anything to do? 你无事可干吗？
C：一般来说，当主语是指人的复合代词，如everybody, nobody, anybody 等时，其反意疑问句后面的主语通常用代词they；当前面句子中的复合代词指物，如everything, something, anything, nothing 等时，其反意疑问句后面的主语通常用代词it。如：Everyone is here, aren’t they? 人都到了，是吗？
Everything is ready, isn’t it? 一切准备好了，是吗？
Somebody is waiting for me at the gate, aren’t they? 有人在门口等我，是吗？
3.few, a few, little, a little在用法上的区别
1）few、little意思是“很少几个”、“几乎没有”,有否定的意思,a few、a little意思是“有几个”、“有些”,有肯定的意思；few、a few修饰可数名词或代替可数的事物, little、a little修饰不可数名词连用或代替不可数的事物。
He is very poor and he has little money. 他很穷,几乎没有什么钱
Don’t worry. There is st ill a little time left. 别着急,还有一点儿时间呢
In that polar region there live few people. 在那个极地地区几乎不住人
You can get a few sweets from him. 你可以从他那儿弄到一些糖果
2）a little和little也可以用作副词，a little表示“有点，稍微”，little表示“很少”。
I'm a little hungry.
Let him sleep a little.
3）quite a few (相当多)only a few (只有几个，几乎没有)
4、all和both, either的用法
1）all 指三者或三者以上的人或物,用来代替或修饰可数名词或不可数名词。both指两个人或物,用来代替或修饰可数名词
All the food is delicious.所有的食物都很好吃。
Her parents are both doctors.她父母都是医生
2)all单独使用时，指代单数，如做主语，谓语动词用单数；指代复数，谓语动词用复数3）采用“all/both + of the +名词”的形式，其中的of 可以省略；如果“all/both + of the +代词”则不可以省略
All (of) the boys are naughty.
Both of them are studying at the same school
4) either:：表示“两个中间的任何一个”，做主语，谓语动词用单数，
“either...or...”表示或者……或者……在连接并列的名词或代词时，谓语动词与or后面的主语保持一致
either作为“也”讲时，要用于否定句中，而too则用于肯定句中。
Either you or I am right.
Either of the two boys is clever. 两个男孩都很聪明
He doesn't like Beijing opera, I don't like either.
5、many和much的用法
1）many意思是“很多”,与可数名词复数连用；much意思是“很多”,与不可数名词连用。
I don’t have many friends here .在这里我没有很多的朋友。
Many died in the bus accident. 许多人在公交车祸中丧失
2）many和much一般用于否定句,肯定句中通常用a lot of 或者lots of; many / much用于肯定句时可以在前面加上so、very或too.
There are a lot of people on the playground. 操场上有许多的人
They haven’t got much work to do.他们没有多少事情可做
There are too many people in the room. 房间里人太多了
6. other，others，the other，the others，another
other：表示“其他的”，形容词，后面修饰名词的复数形式。如：
Some students are playing basketball, other students are playing tennis..
others ：表示“其他的”，代词，相当于other +名词，常和some搭配使用。如： Some students are playing football, others are playing basketball.(others=other students) the other：表示两个人或物中的一个，代词，常与one 连用。如：
There are two apples. One is green, the other is red.
the others：表示范围内的另一些（范围总数通常多于两个个），代词
There are 40 students in our class, three are American, the others are Chinese. another：表示三者或三者以上的另一个，形容词或代词，后常接名词单数。如：
I have eaten an apple, but I still want another(apple)
I have three daughters. One is a nurse, another is a teacher and another is a worker.
我有个女儿。一个是护士，另一个是教师，还有一个是工人。
7. neither, none
neither：A：表示否定，“两者都不”，谓语动词用单数。
B：neither...nor...既不……也不……在连接并列的名词或代词时，谓语动词与nor 后面的主语保持一致。
Neither of his parents helps him 他的父母谁也没帮助他。
Neither the twins nor I am interested English
none A：表示三个或三个以上的“都不”，谓语动词可以用单数，也可以用复数。
None of the answers are\is right. 所有的答案都不对。
None of my friends are/is likely to come
B：由How many提问的句子的否定回答中的简略语是None.如：How many books are
there? None.
由who提问的句子的否定回答中的简略说法是no one. 如：Who won the game?—No one. 8．one与ones
one只能替代单数名词，one的复数形式ones只能替代复数名词。
1. it代替前面提到的同一事物,该事物既可以是可数名词也可以是不可数名词。
The news that they failed their driving test discouraged him, ______?
A. did they
B. didn't they
C. did it
D. didn't it
2. one代替前面提到的同类事物中的一个。该事物只能是可数名词,前面可以有冠词,也可以被this、that或形容词修饰,其后也可以有定语。
-Why don't we have a little break?
-Didn't we just have________?
A. it
B. that
C. one
D. this
3. that代替前面提到的同类事物中特指的一个。该事物既可以是可数名词也可以是不可数名词,要有后置定语,但不可以有前置修饰语。
Few pleasures can equal ________ of a cool drink on a hot day.
A. some
B. any
C. that
D. those
My child doesn”t like this book．Show her a more interesting one
9. every和each用法：
A：each可作代词和形容词，而every只能用作形容词。
Every one of us should do housework two hours a day.
B：each可指两个或两个以上中间的每一个，而every只可指三个或三个以上中间的每一个。There are trees on each side of the street.
动词不定式用法小结
动词不定式是一种非谓语动词形式，其结构为“to＋动词原形”，其中to不是介词，而是动词不定式的符号，称为小品词，动词不定式没有人称和数的变化。动词不定式和其后面的名词等构成不定式短语，在句子中可以用作主语、表语、宾语、补足语、定语、状语等。1. 动词不定在句中的语法功能
(1)动词不定式（短语）作主语To love is to be loved. 爱别人就是被人爱。To teach is to give. 教书就是奉献。
注意：
1）在口语中，动词不定式作主语时常用形式主语it，而真正的主语则被置于句子后部。
It always pays to be honest. 老实不吃亏。It is of great importance to solve the housing problem. 解决住房问题是很重要的。
It will take me three hours to do this job. 干这个工作我花了三个小时。
2）假如动词不定式要带逻辑主语，则需用介词of 或for来引导。
It is really important for students to learn English well. 对学生们来说，学好英语很重要。。
It is stupid of John to help such a shameless girl. 约翰真傻，竟去帮助这样一个无耻的女孩。能用于介词of结构的形容词有：good, nice, kind, bad, cruel, wicked, clever, bright, wise, silly, foolish, stupid, selfless, sensible, selfish, insensible, polite, fair, generous, rude, unfair, mean等。这些形容词主要表示做这件事的人的品格或素质。
能用于介词for 结构的形容词有：important, necessary, impossible, better, worse, easy, difficult heavy, light等。
3）在疑问句或感叹句中, 要用it来作主语.
Is it worth our while to hold such a long meeting? 值得我们开这样长时间的会吗?
What good news it is for me to hear that my brother has got his visa (['viz?] n.签证) to America！对我来说, 听到弟弟拿到去美国的签证该是多好的消息啊!
(2) 动词不定式（短语）作宾语
I will leave it to you to make the final decision. 我将由你来做最后的决定。
She decided to quit her job at last. 最后，她决定辞职。I hope to see you soon. 我希望很快见到你。
注意：1）在以下这些动词后面只能跟动词不定式（短语）作宾语：afford, agree, aim, ask, claim, choose, decide, demand, desire, determine, expect, fail, hope, manage, offer, plan, pretend, promise, refuse, resolve, threaten, wish, want等。然而以下动词后面既可跟动词不定式（短语）又可跟动名词（短语）,但意思有的有差别，有的相同：attempt, begin, continue, deserve, disdain([d?s'dein]vt.不屑), dread, endure, fear, forget, hate, help, intend, learn, like, love, mean, need, neglect, omit([?u'mit]vt.遗漏;省略;删去), prefer, proceed([pr?'si:d]开始,着手,出发[+to-v]), propose,regret,remember,start,begin,try,want 等。
He disdains going to the cinema. 他不屑于去看电影。He disdains to sit with people like us. 他不屑与我们这等人同席而坐。
He neglected to write and say 'Thank you.' 他因疏忽而未写信道谢。
Don't neglect writing to your mother. 别忘了给你母亲写信。
2）在should (would) like, love, prefer 等之后必须用动词不定式（短语）。
I'd like to give you a big hand. 我想用掌声欢迎您。I'd love to come to China again someday 我愿意来日再访中国。
3）在下列及物动词后一般可跟"疑问词+ 动词不定式短语"：
advise, ask, decide, find out, instruct, know, forget, imagine, learn, observe, remember, tell, think, understand, wonder等。
I don't know what to do. 我不知道该怎么办。The children are learning how to play the game. 孩子们在学做游戏。
(3)动词不定式（短语）作表语
The most important thing for the United states to do now is to rescue the wounded. 现在，对美国来说，最重要的是抢救伤员。
注意：1）动词不定式（短语）作表语，可用主动形式表示被动含义的结构有to blame, to let. Who is to blame? 谁该受到责备？The house is to let. 该房屋出租。Suspects are still to find out. 凶手还有待查明。
2）be to 含有按计划，按排命令将做的事或应该，可能，注定将发生的事。
We are to meet once a week. 我们按计划将一个月碰一次头。（安排）
When is the examination to be held? 考试按规定什么时候举行？（计划或规定）
You are to come at once.你得按指令马上来。（命令）What is to be done? 应该怎么办？（应该）
The key is nowhere to be found. 哪儿也找不到钥匙。（可能）
Am I never to see her again? 难道我就永远见不到她了吗？（注定）
(4) 动词不定式（短语）作宾语补足语或在被动语态中作主语补足语
宾语与其宾补或主语与其主补形成逻辑上的主谓关系。
We'd love you to give us a hand. 我们想让你帮个忙。He was made to repair the broken chair. 要他修理弄坏的椅子。
She was seen to draw a wonderful picture. 有人见她作了幅美丽的画儿。
注意：
1）在一些动词后，用作宾语补语的动词不定式符号to 要省略掉。这类动词包括感官动词以及使役动词，如feel, spot, look at, listen to, observe, see, hear, watch, notice, have, make, let 等。但如果句子为被动语态，动词不定式（短语）为主补时，要带to（let 除外）。
I heard her sing a song in the next room yesterday. 我昨天听见她在隔壁唱过一首歌。
（She was heard to sing a song in the next room yesterday.）
I had John fix my bike. 我让约翰修理我的自行车。The boy was made to go to bed early. 这男孩被迫早上床睡觉。
She was seen to walk into the classroom with a book under her arm. 有人看见她胳臂下夹着一本书走进了教室。
2）有些动词后面的宾语补语常是to be，这样的动词有：believe,consider,declare,find,imagine,know,prove,suppose, understand等。
I will consider him to be an honest man. 我会认为他是一个诚实的人。She was believed to be innocent. 大家都相信她是清白的。
3）下列动词后不能跟"名词或代词+动词不定式"结构admit, confess, demand, explain, hope, propose, suggest 等。
My mother suggested that we (should) finish our homework before watching TV. 妈妈建议我们做完作业后才看电视。
(不能说My mother suggested us to finish our homework before watching TV)
I hoped that the bus would come early. 我希望公共汽车能快点来。(不能说I hoped the bus to come early. 但可以说I hope for the bus to come early. 类似结构有wait for sb. to do；arrange for sb. to do 等)
(5)动词不定式（短语）作定语：动词不定式（短语）作定语需后置。与所修饰的词有主谓或动宾关系。
When the question was out, he was the first one to raise his hand. 问题一提出，他第一个举起手。
This terrorist attack is a lesson to remember. 这次恐怖袭击事件是个应该记取的教训。
I am afraid I cannot attend your party,for I have too many things to do.恐怕我不能参加你的晚会了,因为我有好多事情要做。
注意：
1）当被修饰的是不定代词如everything, anything, much, little 等，或被修饰的名词前被形容词最高级，序数词，the only等强调结构修饰时，非谓语动词作定语则只能用动词不定式。He was the last to realize the importance of this problem. 他没有及时意识到问题的重要性。2）如被修饰的名词或代词是动词不定式的逻辑宾语，且动词不定式的动词是不及物动词,则后面需跟成为搭配的介词。
Who is the man to talk to? 要谈话的人是谁？He is a tough teacher to deal with. 他是个很难对付的老师。
I need a pen to write with. 我需要一支笔写字
(6) 动词不定式（短语）作状语
动词不定式（短语）作状语可以表示目的，结果，原因等。
▲ 目的状语
The whole family came out to see my performance. 全家人出来看我表演。He called to say goodbye. 他打电话来道别。
注意：
如要表示强调，可以把动词不定式（短语）置于句首，前面加上in order, 但不能用so as。否定必须用in order not + 动词不定式（短语）或so as not + 动词不定式（短语），不能用not + 动词不定式（短语）。
In order to catch the first bus, we have to get up early. 为了赶上早班车，我们只得早起。
Let's hurry so as not to be late for class. 咱们快点，免得上课迟到。
▲结果状语
We rushed to the railway station only to find (表示出乎意料) the train had just left. 我们匆匆赶到火车站，结果发现火车刚刚离开了。
He studied hard only to fail. 他学习很努力，但却没及格。
She went to South China five years ago, never to return. 她五年前去了华南，结果从未返回。注意：
1）so…as to…, such…as to…, enough to…以及too … to 等结构中的动词不定式（短语）都表示结果。
This basket player is so tall and strong as to be like a giant. 这个篮球运动员又高又壮，就像一个巨人。
Her intense feelings are such as to move the present into tears. 她的感情如此之切，使在场的人都流下了眼泪。
He lifted a rock only to drop it on his own feet. 他搬起石头，结果却砸了自己的脚。I am too tired to move. 我太累了，竟无法走动。
2）在too … to … 结构中，若too 后面的形容词为ready, eager, easy, inclined, anxious, apt, willing, glad, pleased 等词时，动词不定式(短语)不再含否定的意思。too 在此可以被理解为very 的意思。在t oo…to…的变体only / but / all too… to…; can't (can never) be too… to… ; too… not to… 中，句子不再含否定的意思。
She is too ready to help. 她极其乐于帮助别人。I am too pleased to see you again. 又见到你，我简直太高兴了。
We are too apt to overlook our own faults. 我们很容易忽视自身的错误。
I am only too delighted to accept the gift. 我非常高兴接受这件礼物。
You know but too well to hold your tongue. 你深知保持缄默的好。That's only too true. 那是千真万确的。
▲ 原因状语
动词不定式（短语）常跟在一些形容词后面，说明产生这些情绪的原因。这类形容词有：happy, ashamed, surprised, grieved, frightened, sorry, glad, delighted, eager, disappointed, right, excited, ready, clever, bored等。
I am sorry to interrupt you. 对不起，要打扰你了。
The father was surprised to learn that his son spent money like water. 得知儿子花钱如流水,父亲感到很吃惊。
We will be very happy to work on this project with you. 和您一起合作这个项目,我们感到很高兴。
(7)动词不定式（短语）作独立成分
动词不定式（短语）可以用来作句子的独立成分。这些短语有：to begin with（首先）, to tell the truth (truth to tell) （说实在的）, to make a long story short（长话短说）, so to speak（可以这么说）, to be brief（简言之）, to be exact（确切地说）, to be frank （坦率地说）, to do sb.justice（说句公道话）, to conclude（总而言之）等。
To begin with, I'd like to introduce myself to you all. 首先，我想给你们作一下自我介绍。
He has already, so to speak, been a living dead. 他可以说已经是一具行尸走肉了。
To be frank with you, I don't love you any more. 老实对你说吧，我已经不再爱你了。
To conclude, energy is exhaustible, so we have to preserve it for our future generations.
总而言之，能量并不是用之不竭的，因此我们必须为后代保留一些。
(8)动词不定式（短语）作同位语，说明被修饰名词的具体内容
My hope, to be a doctor, has been realized. 我当医生的梦想已经实现了。
His wish, to land on the moon, will hardly come true. 他登上月球的愿望很难成真。
2．动词不定式的省略
（1）动词不定式省略to 的各种用法
▲ 在感官动词和使役的动词后面作宾补。（请参阅4）
▲ 在do nothing (anything / everything)but(except) 后面
We can do nothing but wait. 除了等待,我们别无他法。She can do everything but dance. 除了不会跳舞,她什么都行。
▲ 在and, or, than后面
当几个动词不定式具有同样的功能，由and, or, than连接，则to 只用于第一个不定式之前。If you want to earn a lot of money and live a better life, you have to work harder.
假如你想多赚钱，过上好日子，你就得更加努力地工作。
Do you want to go shopping or go fishing? 你想去购物还是去钓鱼？It is better to go fishing than go shopping. 钓鱼比购物好。
▲ 在why, why not 后面
当why, why not 表示建议时，后面的动词不定式省去to。Why not come and see me? 何不到我这儿来？
Why get up so early? 为何起的这么早？
▲ 在下面这些短语后面时，动词不定式省去to.
rather than; would rather … than; would sooner … than; had better; can't (couldn't) help but; can't but 等
I'd like to stay at home rather than go to school. 我宁愿呆在家里，也不愿去上学。
He would rather die than give in. 他宁死不屈。We'd better stop arguing. 我们最好不要争执了。
Most people would sooner take up a job at home than try their luck abroad now.
如今,好多人宁愿在国内工作也不愿去国外碰运气。
We can't help but go home on foot. 我们没法子，只能步行回家。
▲ 主语是由what 引导的主语从句或由all或the (most important) thing + 定语从句构成，而从句中的谓语动词是do (did, does) 时, 作表语的动词不定式（短语）是解释do (did, does) 的具体内容，则引导动词不定式的to可省去。
The most important thing I should do is (to) find a job. 对我来说眼下最要紧的是找份工作。What he must do now is (to) apologize to his teacher for being late. 他现在必须做的是因迟到而向老师道歉。
All I can do is (to) cry. 除了哭，我别无法子。
▲ 在make do with (设法应付), make believe (假装), let go of (放开,解雇), hear tell of (听到), go hang(不再被关心,不管,见鬼去)等固定搭配中动词不定式不用to
We have to make do with the second best. 我们只得将就地使用二手货。
We can't let things go hang. 我们不能任其自然。He made believe he knew nothing about it. 他假装对此事一无所知。
"Let go of my hand." the girl shouted. 那女孩大喊道："放开我的手。"
I've often heard tell of the wonderful performance he gives, but I've never seen them.
我经常听人说到他的演出很好，但我从未见过他表演。
(2) 动词不定式中原形动词的省略
为避免重复，有时可用不定式的符号to来代表动词不定式。
-Would you like to have some coffee? 您要来点咖啡吗？-Yes, I'd like to. 好的，来一点。
If you don't want to buy it, you don't need to. 假如你不想买的话，你就不要买。
注意：
可以这样省略主要动词的动词不定式结构有:hope to, agree to, be willing to,wantto,refuse to,fail to,manage to,would like to,offer to等。
3. 动词不定式的否定式
动词不定式的否定结构由not 或never 加动词不定式（短语）构成。
We decided not to go there. 我们决定不去那儿了。I wished never to see him again. 我希望永不再见到她。
The background music in an assembly line is designed not to be listened to. 流水线里的背景音乐不是供人欣赏的。
4．动词不定式的主动语态表示被动的情况
▲ 主语+系动词+ 表语+ 动词不定式
当作表语的某些形容词被动词不定式修饰时，动词不定式与句子主语之间存在着逻辑上的动宾关系，动词不定式可以用主动式代替被动式。
This problem is difficult to solve. 这个问题很难解决。That novel is easy to read. 那本小说较容易读。
注意：可以这样用的形容词有：
fine,hard,heavy,important,nice,painful,pleasant,possible,safe,simple,strange,difficult,easy,expensiv e, dangerous, convenient 等
▲ there + be句型中
在there be 句型中，动词不定式用主动式来表示被动的含义。
There are a lot of people (for me) to visit. 有好多人要拜访。There is much work to do. 有许多工作要做。
▲have + 宾语+ 动词不定式作定语结构中
当have 表示"有"，而动词不定式与宾语之间存在着逻辑上的动宾关系，并且句子的主语是动词不定式动作的执行者时，动词不定式一般用主动式。
I have a lot of meetings to attend this week. 本周我有许多会议要参加。He has many things to do. 他有好多事要做。
▲ 在too… to…, enough to 结构中，动词不定式总是用主动语态。
This essay is too difficult to read. 这篇文章很难读。This problem is easy enough to deal with. 这个问题处理起来很简单。
5．动词不定式的时态和语态
时态：▲ 动词不定式的一般式
动词不定式的一般式表示的动作与谓语动词的动作是同时发生或将在其后发生的。
They are learning to sing and dance.他们在学习歌舞。We have to get some money to buy a TV set. 我们得赚些钱来买台电视机。
▲动词不定式的进行式
动词不定式的进行式表示的动作是与谓语动词的动作同时发生的，而且正在进行中。该结构
也常与always, constantly, rapidly, fast, slowly等副词连用。
The weather seems to be improving. 天气似乎在好转。He seemed always to be washing his hands. 他好象老是在洗手。Come on, it's time to be making for (前往,走向) school. 好了，是上学的时候了。
▲动词不定式的完成式
动词不定式的完成式表示的动作发生在谓语的动作之前。
I am pleased to have seen you. 见到了你，我很高兴。
He pretended not to have seen me when passing by yesterday. 他昨天从我身边经过时假装没看到我。
语态：▲动词不定式的被动式
I felt a little bit puzzled to be asked such a question. 被问了这样一个问题，我有点迷惑不解。I wish to be excused. 我请求原谅。
This book is intended to be read but not to be stored away. 这本书是供人阅读而不是收藏的。This infectious disease is said to have been wiped out many years ago. 这种传染病据说好多年前就已经灭绝了。
动词不定式专题练习
1. This company was the first ____ portable radios as well as cassette tape recorders in the world.
A. producing
B. to produce
C. having produced
D. produced
2. The purpose of new technology is to make life easier, ____it more difficult.
A .not making B. not make C .not to make D. nor to make
3. Helen had to shout ______above the sound of the music .
A .making herself hear B. to make herself hear C. making herself heard D .to make herself heard
4. I don’t know whether you happen_______ ,but I am going to study in the U.S.A this September.
A .to be heard. B. to be bearing C .to hear D .to have heard
5. The news reporters hurried to the airport, only ___the film stars had left. A .to tell B .to be told C .telling D .told
6. You were silly not ___your car. A. to lock B. to have locked C. locking D. having locked
7. The teacher asked us ___so much noise. A .don’t make B. not make C. not making
D .not to make
8. An army spokesman stressed that all the soldiers had been ordered _____clear warnings before firing any shots.
A .to issue B. being issued C. to have issued D. to be issued
9. I’d rather have a room of my own, however small it is, than_______ a room with someone else.
A. to share
B. to have shared
C. share
D. sharing
10. The bank is reported in the local newspaper_________ in broad daylight yesterday.
A. robbed
B. to have been robbed
C. being robbed
D. having been robbed
不定代词的用法 1.代替或修饰不特指的人或事物的代词叫不定代词 2.some与any的区别 1）some多用于肯定句，表示“一些，几个”，可修饰不可数名词和可数名词的复数形式。any 多用于疑问句、条件句和否定句中，表示“一些”，可修饰不可数名词和可数名词的复数形式 2）在反问句、疑问句中，表示请求、建议和希望对方得到肯定回答时，多用some. Would you like some beer？你要不要来点啤酒吗？ Why didn’t you buy some sweets？你怎么没买点糖果？ 3）any 用于肯定句时,表示是“任何的” Come any day you like.你哪天来都行。 3）some还有表示“某个”的意思 I’ll catch up with you some day有一天我会赶上你的。 3.复合不定代词：something(某事), someone(某人), somebody(某人), anything(任何事), anyone(任何人), anybody(任何人), nothing(没事),nobody(没有人), no one(没有人), everything(一切), everyone(每个人), everybody(每个人). A：作主语时，谓语动词用单数。Is there anything wrong with your watch?”“No, nothing is wrong with it B：修饰复合不定代词的形容词或不定式一定要位于它们的后面。 This is something special. 这是种特别的东西。 Haven’t you got anything to do? 你无事可干吗？ C：一般来说，当主语是指人的复合代词，如everybody, nobody, anybody 等时，其反意疑问句后面的主语通常用代词they；当前面句子中的复合代词指物，如everything, something, anything, nothing 等时，其反意疑问句后面的主语通常用代词it。如：Everyone is here, aren’t they? 人都到了，是吗？ Everything is ready, isn’t it? 一切准备好了，是吗？ Somebody is waiting for me at the gate, aren’t they? 有人在门口等我，是吗？ 3.few, a few, little, a little在用法上的区别 1）few、little意思是“很少几个”、“几乎没有”,有否定的意思,a few、a little意思是“有几个”、“有些”,有肯定的意思；few、a few修饰可数名词或代替可数的事物, little、a little修饰不可数名词连用或代替不可数的事物。 He is very poor and he has little money. 他很穷,几乎没有什么钱 Don’t worry. There is st ill a little time left. 别着急,还有一点儿时间呢 In that polar region there live few people. 在那个极地地区几乎不住人 You can get a few sweets from him. 你可以从他那儿弄到一些糖果 2）a little和little也可以用作副词，a little表示“有点，稍微”，little表示“很少”。 I'm a little hungry. Let him sleep a little. 3）quite a few (相当多)only a few (只有几个，几乎没有) 4、all和both, either的用法 1）all 指三者或三者以上的人或物,用来代替或修饰可数名词或不可数名词。both指两个人或物,用来代替或修饰可数名词 All the food is delicious.所有的食物都很好吃。 Her parents are both doctors.她父母都是医生
动词不定式用法归纳 动词不定式没有人称和数的变化，在句中不能独立作谓语。但动词不定式具有名词、形容词和副词特征，在句中可以作主语、宾语、宾语补足语、定语、表语和状语等多种成分。另外，动词不定式具有动词特点，可以有自己的宾语和状语，组成动词不定式短语。动词不定式的肯定形式是to＋do；其否定形式是not to＋do。 1．作主语 可以直接作主语。如： To see is to believe． 但在英语中，常用it作形式主语，真正的主语即动词不定式放在后面。如： It's wrong to play tricks on other people． It's our duty to keep our environment clean and tidy．（Lesson 10）． 点击规律：动词不定式在句中作主语时，常放在It is ＋adj．（形容词）＋to do sth．或 It is ＋n．（名词）＋to do sth．句型中，it仅作形式主语。 2．作宾语 a.以下动词只能to do 作宾语。 attempt企图 enable能够 neglect忽视 afford负担得起 demand要求 long渴望 arrange 安排 mean意欲，打算 begin开始 expect期望 appear似乎，显得 determine决定 manage设法 cease停止 hate憎恨，厌恶 pretend假装 ask问 need需要 agree同意 desire愿望 love爱 swear宣誓 volunteer志愿 wish希望 bear承受 endeavor努力 offer提供 beg请求 fail不能 plan计划 bother扰乱；烦恼 forget忘记 prefer喜欢，宁愿 care关心，喜欢 happen碰巧 prepare准备 decide决定 learn学习 regret抱歉，遗憾 choose选择 hesitate犹豫 profess表明 claim要求 hope希望 promise承诺，允许 start 开始 undertake承接 want想要 intend想要 refuse拒绝 decide决定 learn学习 contrive设法，图谋 incline有…倾向 propose提议 seek找，寻觅 try试图 b．love，like ，begin，start，hate ，prefer等词后面可以接不定式。 点击规律：上述动词后面除接不定式外，还可以接动名词，意思无很大区别。 提示板：like doing指经常性动作，而like to do指一次性的动作。如： I like swimming，but I don't like to swim now．我喜欢游泳，但我现在不想游。 c．stop，forget，remember，go on ，try等词或短语后面可以接不定式。 点击规律：上述动词后面接不定式和接动名词意思大不相同。 1）stop to do sth．：停止一件事，去做另一件事。 stop doing sth．：停止正在做的事。 例句：When the teacher came in，the students stopped talking；when he came out，the students stopped to talk． 当老师走进来时，学生们停止说话；当老师走出去时，学生们又开始说话。 2）思考：forget，remember，go on，try等词或短语后面接不定式和动名词用法有何区别d．在find／feel＋it＋adj．＋to do sth．句型中，it是形式宾语，真正的宾语是后面的动词不定式。如： The man downstairs found it difficult to get to sleep． I feel it easy to recite the text． 点击规律：某些动词或短语后面既可以接动词不定式作宾语，又可接动名词作宾语，二者用法上的区别可以通过造句子加以区分，如上面stop例句。 3．作宾语补足语 a．下面的动词要求不定式做宾补：动词+宾语+动词不定式 ask要求，邀请 get请，得到 prompt促使 allow允许 forbid禁止 prefer喜欢，宁愿 announce
不定代词总结 一、不定代词 some 与 any 的用法区别 一般说来，不定代词some 用于肯定句中，any 用于否定句和疑问句中。但是，在表示请求、邀请或征求意见的句子中，通常要用 some 而不用any： Would you like some cake 吃点蛋糕吗 Why not buy some bread 为什么不买些面包呢 Shall I get some chalk for you 要我帮你拿些粉笔来吗 【说明】不定代词any 有时也用于肯定句中，此时表示“任何”： Any colour will do. 任何颜色都行。Come any day you like. 随便哪天来都可以。 二、不定代词 many 与 much 的用法以及区别 不定代词many 和 much 都表示“许多”，但 many 修饰或代替可数名词(复数)，与 few(少数)相对；而 much 用来修饰或代替不可数名词(单数)，与little(少量)相对。在口语中两者主要用于非肯定句中： Did you see many people there 你在那儿看见许多人了吗 We don’t have much time. 我们没有许多时间。 Much work has been done. 许多工作都已经做了。 You’ve given me too much. 你已给我太多了。 Take as many (much) as you want. 你要多少拿多少。 I asked her a great many questions. 我问了她许多问题。 辨析：too much；much too； too many 1、too much常用作副词或代词,也可以用作形容词修饰不可数名词.如： Is watching TV too much good or bad for your health电视看得太多对你的健康有益还是有害 You've given me too much.你给我的太多了. We've had too much rain lately.最近我们这里的雨下得太多了. 2、much too常作副词,后接副词或形容词.如： He drove much too fast.他开车开得太快了. It is much too cold.天实在太冷了. 3、too many常用作形容词,修饰可数名词复数.如：
不定时的用法 to do 的其它用法： 1. 时态和语态形式to do/to be done/to be doing/to have done/to have been done/to have been doing (1) 一般式表动作通常与谓语动词所表动作同时或在其后发生; 进行式表动作与谓语动作同 时进行；完成式表动作发生在谓语动作之前; pretend / believe /say/seem/happen/prove/plan/hope/expect/should like/would like + to have done 表未曾实现的行为; 完成进行式表动作在谓语动作之前已开始并一直进行着，到说话时为止，该动作可能停止，也可能还在继续。 People began to wonder how long the disaster would last. The children pretended to be reading aloud when the teacher came in. I didn’t expect you to be waiting for me so long. The crowd cheered wildly at the sight of Liu Xiang, who was reported to have broken. the world record in the 110- metre hurdle race. He’s said to have written a new novel. I would like to have had your help. I hoped to have seen her . He planned to have gone abroad. He was said to have been living in New York for twenty years. (1)主动式表逻辑主语为不定式动作的执行者；被动式表逻辑主语是不定式动作的承受者。 I hope to finish reading the book tonight. We are invited to a party to be held in our club next Friday. 2.to do 的主动表被动 (1)to do 作定语与被修饰词构成动宾关系，同时又和句子主语构成主谓关系。 I have a lot of papers to deal with. (2) be + 性质adj. + to do . easy/hard/difficult/interesting/heave/pleasant/comfortable/safe/dangerous/impossible Tom is pleasant to work with. This book is difficult to understand. I like getting up very early in summer. The morning air is so good to breathe. (2)be + let /blame/ seek It seemed that water was to blame. The cause isn’t far to seek. The house is to let. (3)wh- + to do I had no idea who to turn to for help the time I lost. How to divide labor among them is still a question. (5) there be + 主语+ to do 中，当强调某人完成某事时用主动形式；当强调某事必须被完成用被动形式。 There’s many work to do. (sb. has to do the work. )/ to be done.(the work has to be done.) 3.to do 的逻辑主语是其所表动作的承受者时用被动。 It’ an honor for me to be invited to the party. The books and mag azines aren’t allowed to be taken out of the reading room. I wanted the letter to be typed at once She asked to be assigned to do a heavy job. 4.如果逻辑主语没出现，只要意义是被动的，to do仍用被动。 It’s great honor to be elected a delegate to the Party. To be attacke d by the enemy isn’t a bad thing but a good thing. 5.to do中动词的省略，只保留to . (1)to do作某些动词的宾语时：当作宾语的不定式再次出现时，为避免重复，只留to. afford/ agree/ expect/ forget/ hate/ hope/ intend/ mean/ plan/ prefer/ refuse/ try/ want/ wish/ would like/ love/ care
英语动词不定式完成式在使用语境中的学习与考查 江苏省沛县湖西中学鹿俊先221611 综观近年的英语高考试题，我们可以看到题目的设置往往强调语言知识在特定语境中的使用，把语言知识放在了语用层面上，即考察实际应用知识的能力。 英语动词不定式的完成式，即(to) have +动词的过去分词形式，是中学英语学习中的重点及难点知识之一，也是高考试题中频繁出现的形式。对于这一形式考查的题目设置通常围绕三类语境，即陈述已经发生过了的事实，推测可能已经发生过了的事实，表达与过去实际情况相反的事实。下面分别加以叙述，以便从语用角度掌握这一语言知识。 1.陈述已经发生过了的事实。 1.1.置于表示情感反应的动词、形容词、分词之后，作为引起该反应的刺激，表示情感反应之前完成的动作。例如： I'm sorry to have given you so much trouble. (=I'm sorry that I gave / have given you so much trouble.) It is good to have finished work for the day. (=I am pleased because I have finished.) She said she was sorry to have missed you. (=She said she was sorry that he had missed you.) There was a smile on the boy's face, which seemed to show that he was happy to have given his life to his country. (=…he was happy that he had given his life to his country.) 1.2.置于be said, be considered, be believed, seem, appear, happen, turn out,等之后表示这些动作之前完成的动作。例如： I don't know whether you happen to have heard, but I am going to study in the U.S.A. this September. Charles Babbage is generally considered to have invented the first computer. (=It is generally considered that Charles Babbage invented the first computer.) He is said to have studied abroad, but I don't know which country he studied in. (= It is said that he studied abroad, b ut….) I appear to have made a small mistake. (=It appears that I made / have made a small mistake.) He seems to have missed the train. (=It seems that he missed the train.) 1.3.置于should之后，表达说话人对已发生了的事实的情感的反应，如惊奇、遗憾、喜悦、不安、失望，等，should相当于汉语中的“竟然”，“居然”。例如：They were surprised (that) a child should have worked out the problem while they themselves couldn't. It is strange that she should have married such an old man. 2.推测可能已经发生过了的事实。 2.1.置于must, will, would, can't, couldn't 之后，表示很有把握的推论。例如： The city must have been prosperous, for it enjoyed a high level of civilization. An ambulance is waiting in the street. Somebody must have been hurt or killed. --I met her soon after the war.
be+不定式的用法小结 be＋不定式是英语中常见的一种结构，关于它的用法现在总结如下： 一、构成系表结构： 1、表示目的，例如： The prize was to honour him for his great discoveries. 这项奖励是为了对他的重大发现而表示的敬意。 2、对主语内容进行解释说明，例如： What you should do is (to) answer my questions. 你所应该做的就是回答我的问题。 二、表示将来： 1、表示按计划安排要发生的事情，例如： The president is to visit China next year. 总统将于明年访问中国。 If we are to be there in time, we'll have to hurry up. 如果我们想及时到达那里，就必须要赶快。 注：我们可以说：It's going to rain. 但不能说：It's to rain. 2、表示无法预见的结果或注定要发生的事情，例如： Better days are soon to follow. 好日子就要到了。 三、构成虚拟语气： 1、were to do 用于虚拟条件句中，表示对将来情况的虚拟。例如：What would you do if war were to break out? 假如战争爆发你会怎么做？
2、was/were+不定式的完成式（＝should+不定式的完成式）表示过去应该发生而未发生的动作，例如：We were to have been married last year。 我们本打算去年结婚的。 四、be 后的个别动词不定式的主动形式表示被动意义，例如： It's Jim who is to blame. 该怪的是吉姆。 This house is to let. 此房出租。 五、其他用法： 1、表示命令，指令。例如： You are not to bring any mobile communication means into the exam-room. 任何移动通讯工具都不得带入考场。 2、表示必须，必要。例如： This letter is to be handed to him in person. 这封信必须要面交他本人。 3、表示能够或可能发生的事情，例如： How are we to convince him? 我们怎么能够说服他呢？ 4、表示应该，例如： Such questions are to be avoided. 这样的问题应该避免。
动词不定式用法例句总结
定义 （语态）动词和参与此动作的主语之间关系的一个术语。当主语是动作的发起者（或之一）时，称为主动语 态； 如果动词不定式的逻辑主语是这个不定式所表示的动作的承受者，不定式一般要用被动语态形式。如：It's a great honour to be invited to Mary's birthday party. （不定式作主语是被动语态to be invited 是被邀请）It was impossible for lost time to be made up. （不定式作主语） I wish to be sent to work in the country. （不定式作宾语） Can you tell me which is the car to be repaired? （不定式作定语） He went to the hospital to be exam in ed. （不定式作状语） My work is to clea n the room every day. （不定式作表语） 在There be 结构中，修饰主语的不定式可用被动，也可用主动。如：There are still many things to take care of （to be taken care of）. 但有时两种形式表达的意思不同，如：There is noth ing to do now.（ We have nothi ng to do no w.） There is nothing to be done no w.（We can do nothing no w.） 形式 1）现在式：一般现在时表示的动词，有时与谓语动词表示的动作同时发生，有时发生在谓语动词的动作之 后。一般为：动词+ to do sth He seems to know this. I hope to see you aga in. = I hope that r II see you aga in. 我希望再见至M尔。 2）完成式：表示的动作发生在谓语动词表示的动作之前。 rm sorry to have give n you so much trouble. He seems to have caught a cold. 3）进行式：表示动作正在进行，与谓语动词表示的动作同时发生。 He seems to be eat ing someth ing. 4）完成进行式： She is known to have been wreaking on the problem for many years. 一般在表示情绪的动词后加to do也表将来 疑问词 疑问词who,what,which,when,where,whether,how 语等。如： ①W hen to leave for London has not bee n decided yet. ② Mr. Smith did n't know whether to leave or stay there. ③ I asked Professor Xu how to lear n En glish well. ④The questi on was where to get the medici ne n eeded. 以上例句中疑问词+不定式部分，均可转换为相应的 could lear n ......... 后可接不定式构成不定式短语，在句中作主语、宾语、表 （不定式在句子中做主语） （不定式在句子中做宾语） （不定式在句子中做直接宾语） （不定式在句子中表语） 从句形式。如：①When we shall leave …③? -how I
省略to的动词不定式用法归纳 一、使役动词与to的省略 当不定式用于let, make, have等使役动词后作宾语补足语，不定式必须省略to。如： Let me have another cup of tea.给我再来一杯茶。 She had him dig away the snow.她让他把雪挖走。 They made him tell them everything.他们强迫他把一切全告诉他们。 但是，当使役动词用于被动语态时，其后的不定式则必须要带to。如： 他被迫一天工作20小时。 误：He was made work twenty hours a day. 正：He was made to work twenty hours a day. 注意，表示使役意义的let和have很少用于被动语态。 另外注意，force, oblige等虽然也表示“使”，但它们后用作宾语补足语的不定式必须带to。如： They forced her to sign the paper.他们强迫她在文件上签字。 The law obliged parents to send their children to school.法律要求父母送子女上学。 考例： 1.The teacher forbade ________ our seats. https://www.doczj.com/doc/164863624.html, to leave https://www.doczj.com/doc/164863624.html, leaving C.to leave D.to leaving 2.Mary had her friend ________ the best one. A.choose B.chosen C.chose D.to choose 3.The girl was ma de _________ she didn’t love at all. A.marry a man B.to marry a man C.to marry with a man D.married with a man 二、感觉动词与to的省略 当不定式用于表示感觉的动词feel, hear, notice, observe, see, watch, look at, listen to等作宾语补足语时，不定式必须省略to。如： We all felt the house shake.我们都感觉这房子在震动。 I heard him go down the stairs.我听见他下楼了。 Did you notice her leave the house?她离开屋子你注意到了吗? I watched her get into the car.我看着她上了车。 但是，当feel后用作宾语补足语的不定式为to be时，则不能省略to。如：They all felt the plan to be unwise.他们都认为这个计划不明智。 注意，当这些动词变为被动语态时，不定式前的to不能省略。如： They were heard to break a glass in the next door.听见他们在隔壁打破了一个
不定代词用法总结-标准化文件发布号：（9556-EUATWK-MWUB-WUNN-INNUL-DDQTY-KII
不定代词用法总结 1) some, any, no的用法 a. some和any通常用于表示不定数或不定量，修饰复数可数名词或不可数名词。some表示“几个；一些；部 分”，多用于肯定句；而any表示“一些；什么；任何；”，对用于否定句或疑问句中。如： * He asked me some questions. (他问了我几个问题。) * Some of the bread has been eaten. (面包已吃了一些。) * Are there any stamps in this post office (这个邮局里有邮票吗？) * I didn’t have any cigarettes, so I went out to buy some. (我没有香烟了，所以出去买了一些。) b. 刚才我们说some一般用于肯定句而any一般用于否定句和疑问句。但有时也有例外。这要根据句子意思来 看。 * I could not answer some of his questions. (我不能回答他的某些问题。) (some用在否定句中表示“一些；部分”。如果说成：I could not answer any of his questions.意思就变了，它表示“我不能回答他的任何问题。”) * Will you get me some apples on your way back (你回来的路上能给我带一些苹果吗？) (some用在疑问句中大多表示“请求” 或“建议”) * Let me know if you hear any news. (如果你有任何消息请告诉我。) (any用在条件从句中表示“任何”) * “What would you like to drink” “Any will do.” (“你想喝什么？”“哪种都行。”) (any在这里表示“任何”) c. no在句子中作定语，表示否定，意思是“没有；不是”，它可以修饰可数名词的单数和复数形式或不可数名 词。 * There are no letters for you today. (今天没有你的信。) * I have no money at the moment. Could you lend me some (我现在没有钱。你能借我一些吗？) 2) 复合不定代词的用法 a. 不定代词some, any, no与-one, -body, -thing可以组成九个复合代词。它们是： someone anyone no one somebody anybody nobody something anything nothing 这些复合不定代词只有名词的性质，可以作主语、宾语等。 b. 因为some一般用于肯定句，any一般用于否定句或疑问句，no表示完全否定，因此由some, any, no与-one, - body组成的复合代词的用法也一样。 c. 第二部分为-one和-body的复合代词只用于表示人，它们的形式是单数形式，但有时可以用they或them指 代。 * There is someone in your office. Can you hear them talking (你办公室里有人。你听见他们说话了吗？) d. 第二部分为-thing的复合代词只能用于指物。如： * There was something wrong with the car so he had to stopped it. * He looked at me and didn’t say anything. * Nothing can be done to save her life. e. 这些复合不定代词如果有其它的形容词修饰，形容词必须后置。如： * Somebody important has arrived, I’m sure. (important修饰somebody) 3) one和none的用法 不定代词one指代可数名词的单数，即指人，也指物。它的复数形式是ones。在句中可以作主语、宾语、定语等。 * He is not the one who is easily cheated. (one指人) * I’ve made some cakes. Would you like one of them (one指物) * I prefer red roses to white ones. (ones指物) * Are they the ones who moved here a few days ago (ones指人) 4) all, every, each, other, another, either, neither, both a. every只有形容词的性质，在句中作定语。常用于修饰单数的可数名词。表示“每个；各个”，还可以表示“一 切”。 * After the strong wind every flower in the garden was gone. every还可以和-one, -thing, -body构成复合不定代词，即：everyone, everything, everybody。其中，everyone和everybody用于指人，意思一样，都是“每人；大家”，形式上表示单数意思上可以表示单数也可以表示复数。everything用于指物，意思是“每件事；一切”，形式上表示单数意思上可以表示单数也可以表示复数。如：* One can’t have everything. * Everything goes well with me. * The town is so small that everybody knows everybody else. 注意：在使用everyone时要注意和every one相区别。everyone是一个不定代词而every on是一个词组，前者只能指人而后者既可以指人也可以指物。请注意下列例句： * Everyone will be here except Patrick. (everyone 指人) * Every one of the children will get a gift. (every one也指人) *We played several matches against the visitors, but unluckily lost every one. (every one指物)
不定式作主语 1)It's easy (for me) to do that.我做这事太容易了 easy, difficult, hard, important, possible, impossible, comfortable, necessary, better; the first, the next, the last, the best, too much, too little, not enough It's so nice to hear your voice. 听到你的声音真高兴。 It's necessary for you to lock the car when you do not use it. 当你不用车的时候，锁车是有必要的。 2) It's very kind of you to help us. 他帮助我们，他真好。 Kind, nice, stupid, rude, clever, foolish, thoughtful, thoughtless, brave, considerate(考虑周到的), silly, selfish(自私的) 例句: It was silly of us to believe him. 我们真愚蠢，竟然相信了他。 It seemed selfish of him not to give them anything. 他不给他们任何东西，这显得太自私了。 注意：1) 其他系动词如，look，appear等也可用于此句型 2) 不定式作为句子成分时，动词用单数形式。 3) 当不定式作主语的句子中又有一个不定式作表语时，不能用It is… to…的句型 (对)To see is to believe. 百闻不如一见。
不定代词用法归纳(详细讲解) ■本站特约作者陈根花 一、不定代词概说 英语的不定代词有 all, each, both, either, neither, one, none, little, few, many, much, other, another, some, any, no, (a) few, (a) little, both, enough, every 等，以及由 some, any, no 和 every 构成的合成代词(即somebody, anyone, nothing 等)。在这些不定代词中，多数都能作主语、宾语、表语或定语，但是代词 none 以及由 some, any, no 和 every 构成的合成代词只能作主语、宾语或表语，不能作定语，而 no 和 every 则只用作定语。 二、指两者和三者的不定代词 有些不定代词用于指两者(如both, either, neither)，有的不定代词用于指三者(如all, any, none, every)，注意不要弄混： Both of my parents are doctors. 我的父母都是医生。 All of the students are interested in it. 所有的学生对此都很感兴趣。 There are trees on any side of the square. 广场的每一边都种有树。 He has two sons, neither of whom is rich. 他有两个儿子，都不富有。 He has three sons, none of whom is rich. 他有三个儿子，都不富有。 【说明】each 可用于两者、三者或三者以上，而 every 只用于三者或三者以上，因此用于两者时只能用 each，不能用 every。如不能说 There are trees on every side of the road. 三、复合不定代词的用法特点 复合不定代词包括 something, somebody, someone, anything, anybody, anyone, nothing, nobody, no one, everything, everybody, everyone 等。它们在句中可用作主语、宾语或表语，但不能用作定语。something, someone 等和 anything, anyone等的区别与 some 和 any 的区别一样，前者一般用于肯定句，后者一般用于否定句、疑问句或条件句(参见 any & some)。具体使用时应注意以下几点： 1.复合不定代词受定语修饰时，定语应放在它们后面： There is nothing wrong with the radio. 这收音机没有毛病。 Have you seen anyone [anybody] famous? 你见过名人吗? 2.指人的复合不定代词若用作主语，其谓语动词一般用单数，相应的人称代词和物主代词也用单数 he, him, his (不一定指男性)。但在非正式文体中常用复数代词 they, them, their：Everyone knows this, doesn’t he [don’t they]?人人都知道这一点，不是吗? If anybody [anyone] comes, ask him [them] to wait. 要是有人来，让他等着。 3.指事物的复合不定代词若用作主语，谓语动词只能用单数，相应的人称代词也只能用 it，而不用 they：
不定代词用法详解 不定代词，不明确指代某个特定的人或事物的代词叫不定代词。不定代词可以代替名次和形容词，表示不同的数量概念。不定代词没有主格和宾格之分，在句中可做主语、宾语、表语、定语等。 英语中的不定代词常常成对出现，如some 和any, all 和both, neither 和either, each 和every, other 和another, much 和many, one 和no, none和no one, few 和 a few，little 和a little，等等。另外，还有由some, any, every, no 与body, one, thing构成的复合不定代词(somebody, anybody, everybody, nobody, someone, anyone, everyone, no one, something, anything, everything, nothing)。 1. some 和any some 和any都可修饰或指代可数名词和不可数名词；some 一般用于肯定句，any一般用于疑问句和否定句。如： I must get some fruit in the market. 我得在市场上买点水果。 Do you have any books for children? 你有适合小孩子看的书吗? 【说明】(1) 当表示请求或要求并希望对方能给出肯定的回答时，some 也可用于疑问句；any 表示“任何的”之意时，也可用于肯定句。 Can you give me some paper? 你能给我些纸吗？ Why not send that girl some flowers? 为什么不送给那位女孩几束花呢？ You can read any of the books. 你可以看这些书中的任何一本。 (2) some 和any均不能跟冠词连用。 2. all 和both (1) all表示全部，表示三者或三者以上的人或物；both指代两个人或事物，表示两者都。 Copper and silver are both metals. 铜和银都是金属。 Both sides are keen to reach an agreement. 双方都很想达成协议。 She and her husband both like dancing. 她和丈夫都喜欢跳舞。 There are trees on both sides of the street. 街道两旁都有树。 Not all women like the word Ms. 并非所有的女性都喜欢Ms这个词。