一、选择题
1．某国在一年里全社会待售商品价格总额为1500亿元，货币平均流通5次；假如该国政府当年实际货币供应量为360亿元，在不考虑其他因素的情况下，这会导致（）
①通货膨胀②通货紧缩③货币升值④货币贬值
A．①③B．①④C．②③D．②④
2．下列观点对图1、图2认识正确的是（）
A．图1表明市场处于买方市场，物价上涨
B．图2表明市场处于卖方市场，物价下跌
C．图1的情况下可能出现通货膨胀
D．图2的情况下可能出现经济过热
3．下列有关通货膨胀的说法正确的是
A．通货膨胀不利，通货紧缩有利
B．通货膨胀时，物价必上涨
C．通货膨胀时，经济发展减缓
D．物价上涨时，必是通货膨胀
4．近年来，伴随着我国经济增速下行，物价总水平也出现下行。有观点认为，通货紧缩正在成为我国宏观经济运行中的一个特征。下列对于通货紧缩认识正确的是
A．产能过剩——供给不足——纸币升值——物价下降
B．物价下降——生产成本降低——更新设备——企业经济效益提高
C．供过于求——生产要素流动放缓——贷款减少——经济衰退
D．纸币升值——购买力上升——加快还贷——拉动消费
5．2015年，某国宏观经济形势如下：产能利用率不足；固定资产投资同比下降4.0%；居民消费价格指数(CPI)增幅从2.5%下跌至1%，低于国际公认的合理值3%。据此，预防通货紧缩成为关注的焦点。若不考虑其他因素，可能引发通货紧缩的传导路径是( )
①产能过剩→工业品供过于求→工业品价格走低→企业利润下滑
②消费低迷→消费品供过于求→消费品价格走低
③社会总供给大于社会总需求→物价总水平持续下跌
④企业投资萎缩→失业率上升→居民收入下降
A．①→④→②→③B．④→①→③→②
C．①→③→④→②D．④→②→①→③
6．之所以既要防止通货膨胀，又要防止通货紧缩，是因为两者都（）
①导致物价上涨，纸币贬值
②导致国民经济发展速度放慢，就业压力增大
③导致社会总需求和社会总供给的不平衡
④影响社会经济的发展和人民生活水平的提高
A．①③ B．③④ C．②③ D．①②
7．通货膨胀和通货紧缩是都是一种客观的经济现象，它们的共同点是（）
A．都形成买方市场 B．都形成卖方市场
C．解决的问题都是扩大内需 D．都会影响经济生活和社会经济秩序
8．对于消费者而言物价下跌意味着用同样多的货币能买到更多的商品，但从长远来看，物价持续下降，通货紧缩却不是我们所希望的，因为这会导致
A．生产资料价格下降→企业生产成本降低→企业经济效益提高→经济过热
B．生产资料价格下降→居民购买力上升→居民消费需求增加→物价上涨
C．社会投资减少→生产萎缩→失业率上升→经济衰退
D．流通中的货币量减少→居民购买力下降→社会有效需求不足→生产萎缩
9．社会总供给是指一个国家或地区在一定时期（通常为一年）内实际提供的最终产品和劳务的总量。下列能计入我国社会总供给的是
①汽车工业协会发布数据显示，2017年中国汽车出口89．1万辆
②财政部公布数据显示，2017年社会保障和就业支出24812亿
③海关总署召开新闻发布会显示，2017年中国进口铁矿砂达10．7亿吨
④住房和城乡建设部公布数据显示，2017年各类棚户区改造开工609万套
A．①② B．①③ C．②④ D．③④
10．假如在2017年里全社会用现金支付的销售商品总量5000亿件，平均每件价格水平为8元，在这一年里货币周转5次。那么，这一年里货币的发行量应该为（），如果发行了16000亿元纸币，这时的1元钱相当于（）元，会引起（）。
A．8000 0.5 通货膨胀
B．4000 0.2 购买力下降
C．1600 0.2 纸币升值
D．200 0.3 购买力提高
11．当上述现象发生时，会出现的经济现象是：
A．纸币购买力提高
B．物价上涨，纸币贬值
C．商品销售困难，阻碍商品流通
D．出现通货紧缩现象
12．2009年10月21日国务院经济形势分析会议首次提出“管理好通货膨胀预期”。一般来说，下列形势下必须关注通货膨胀现象( )
①经济快速增长②银行信贷规模增大③物价下降④消费减少
A．①②B．①③C．②③D．②④
13．2018年8月10日，为筹集财政资金，支持国民经济和社会事业发展，财政部决定发行2018年第七期和第八期储蓄国债（电子式）第七期，这两期国债票面分为三年期和五年期的，票面利率分别为4%和4.27%，两期国债发行总量为460亿元，付息方式为每年付息
一次、到期还本息。国家发行国债的意义在于
①用于国家建设投资，拉动我国经济增长
②吸收单位和个人闲置资金，避免通货紧缩
③可以弥补国家财政赤字，促进供求平衡
④实施扩张性货币政策，调节市场的资金量
A．①②B．①③C．②④D．③④
14．2020年6月7日，国家外汇管理局公布了2020年5月我国外汇储备规模数据：截至5月末，我国外汇储备规模为31017亿美元，较4月末上升102亿美元，升幅为0. 3%。由此可以推断出（）
A．我国外汇储备充足，调节国际收支能力增强
B．人民币会贬值，不利于我国企业对外还债
C．人民币作为世界货币的地位不断增强
D．必然导致国内物价下跌，我国陷入通货紧缩的境地
15．通常通货膨胀与通货紧缩是以通胀率正负划分的,如果CPI（居民消费价格指数）小于1或者是连续下降,则表明有轻微通货紧缩趋势。2015年6月份,我国CPI总水平同比上涨1.4%,连续5个月处于“1时代”。持续低迷的物价指数令市场对通缩风险的担忧情绪有所上升,人们期盼货币政策和财政政策齐上场。这说明
A．CPI跌破"1时代"表明我国已发生通货紧缩
B．国家可以实施减税和减少国债的财政政策
C．通货紧缩会恶化经济下行趋势,但对消费者有利
D．国家可以实施降息降准的稳健货币政策
16．如果出现通货膨胀，就会（）
①引起物价上涨
②直接阻碍商品流通
③使商品销售发生困难
④影响人们的生活和社会的经济秩序
A．①③ B．①④ C．②③ D．②④
17．通货膨胀是经济发展中常见的经济现象。判断社会经济生活中是否出现通货膨胀，主要是看
A．货币供应量是否过多，物价是否持续下跌
B．社会上是否出现抢购风与商品的价值量是否变大
C．物价是否上涨与经济是否快速增长
D．货币供应量是否过多，物价是否持续攀升
18．如果在一年里全社会用现金支付的销售商品总量是5000件，平均价格是8元，在这一年里货币的流通次数为5次。那么这一年里货币发行量应为（）亿元，如果这一年实际发行了16000亿元纸币，这可能会引起（）
A．8000 通货膨胀B．1000 通货紧缩
C．8000 通货紧缩D．1000 通货膨胀
19．假设某国2019年商品的价格总额为120万亿元，货币流通次数为4次，在其他条件不
变的情况下，下列说法正确的是
① 2019年该国流通中所需的货币量为30万亿元
② 2019年该国货币实际发行量必须是30万亿元
③如果实际发行量多于30万亿元，货币实际购买力提高
④如果实际发行量多于30万亿元，物价总水平会上涨
A．①③B．①④C．②③D．②④
20．2019年3月27日，央行公布2019年公开市场业务的交易商名单。公开市场业务是指中央银行在金融市场上买进或卖出政府债券，以调节货币供给量的行为。下列推理正确的是
①中央银行买进政府债券→增加货币供给量→增加社会总需求→治理通货紧缩
②中央银行买进政府债券→减少货币供给量→减少社会总需求→治理通货紧缩
③中央银行卖出政府债券→减少货币供给量→抑制社会总需求→治理通货膨胀
④中央银行卖出政府债券→增加货币供给量→增加社会总需求→治理通货膨胀
A．①②B．②③C．①③D．②④
21．2018年7月10日，国家统计局公布数据显示，上半年CPI同比上涨2%，通胀整体仍保持温和态势。分析人士预计，下半年CPI仍会平稳运行，全年涨幅维持在2%左右，远低于3%的通胀控制目标。下列关于通货膨胀说法正确的是（）
①会出现“持币待购”现象，造成商品销售困难
②导致纸币贬值，影响人民生活水平和社会经济秩序
③物价总水平持续下跌，消费者将会得到更多的实惠
④货币的供应量超过流通中所需要的货币量，物价上涨
A．①②B．①③C．②④D．③④
22．据国家统计局网站7月15日讯，2019年上半年，全国居民人均可支配收入15294元，比上年同期名义增长8.8%，扣除价格因素，实际增长6.5%预防通货膨胀成为全社会关注的焦点。下列措施有助于预防通货膨胀的是（）
①上调存款准备金率②下调银行存贷款利率
③增加商品的有效供应④增加货币的供应量
A．①③B．①④C．②③D．③④
23．假定某国2016年市场上待售商品价格总额为4000亿元，货币流通次数为4次，且这些待售商品的价值都得到实现。那么该国这一年应发纸币多少？如果该国当年发行纸币2000亿元所导致的经济现象是什么？（）
A．1000亿纸币购买力提高
B．1000亿物价上涨，纸币贬值
C．2000亿商品销售困难，阻碍商品流通
D．4000亿出现通货紧缩现象
24．中国人民银行2018年全国货币金银工作会议指出，稳步推进央行数字货币研发。数字货币是国家法定的一种基于互联网技术的货币形态。其结算、存储等环节都可以在没有人工核准的情况下自动完成，并保存所有路径信息。数字货币的推出（）
①在信息空间技术的推动下实现金融数字化，有利于提升交易活动的便捷性
②伴随着全球金融基础设施的变革，优化支付体系，有利于抑制通货膨胀
③丰富和完善货币的职能，有利于人民币“走出去”
④有利于降低货币供给、流通的成本
A．①②B．②③C．①④D．③④
25．近年来，中国人民银行在数字货币方面积极探索，构建并成功测试了基于区块链技术的数字货币交易平台，我国正朝着发行数字货币的方向迈进。数字货币发行后将在统一的平台上运行，交易信息可查询，不可删除和篡改。发行数字货币能够
①降低发行和使用传统纸币产生的成本
②丰富货币形式，增加现金货币的需求
③增加货币周转的次数，避免通货紧缩
④提升经济交易活动的便利性和透明度
A．①②B．①④C．②③D．③④
【参考答案】***试卷处理标记，请不要删除
一、选择题
1．B
解析：B
【详解】
①④：根据材料，该国流通中所需要的货币量为：1500亿元÷5=300亿元，而该国政府实际发行货币360亿元，超过了流通中所需要的货币量60亿元。在不考虑其他因素的情况下，这会导致通货膨胀，该国货币贬值，①④正确。
②③：货币发行超过实际所需不应导致通货紧缩和货币升值，②③不符合题意。
故本题选B。
【点睛】
2．D
解析：D
【详解】
AC错误，图1表示商品供大于求，市场处于买方市场，物价会下跌，出现通货紧缩；
B错误，D正确，图2表示商品供不应求，市场处于卖方市场，物价会上涨，出现通货膨胀，经济过热。
故选：D。
3．B
解析：B
【详解】
通货膨胀是指经济运行中出现的全面持续的物价上涨的经济现象，表现为经济过热，需求过旺，纸币贬值，购买力下降，故B符合题意，C错误。A错误，适度的通货膨胀有利于
拉动内需，刺激经济增长，过度的通货膨胀会使经济秩序混乱，居民生活水平下降，阻碍经济发展，而通货紧缩严重阻碍企业经济效益的提高，不利于经济发展。D错误，通过膨胀是指全面持续的物质上涨的经济现象，如果仅有少数部分商品物价上涨，则不是通货膨胀。
【点睛】
通货膨胀是指经济全面持续的物价上涨的经济现象，表现为经济过热，需求过旺，纸币贬值，购买力下降，国家应采取从紧的财政和货币政策来抑制社会总需求，促进国民经济平稳运行；而通货紧缩是指全面持续的物价下跌的经济现象，表现为经济萧条，经济衰退和危机，通货紧缩的危害性极大，严重影响企业生产和居民就业，阻碍国家经济发展。因此，宁可有适度的通货膨胀，不可有通货紧缩。
4．C
解析：C
【解析】
试题分析：产能过剩说明供给过剩，故选项A错误，排除；通货紧缩不利于投资与生产，故选项B错误，排除；通货紧缩会抑制投资与生产，导致失业率升高及经济衰退，故选项C正确；通货紧缩时，购买力会下降，故选项D错误。本题答案选C。
考点：通货膨胀和通货紧缩
5．A
解析：A
【详解】
①：依据材料信息，产能利用率不足意味着产能过剩，故①应该排在第一位。
④：产能过剩导致企业利润下滑，会使企业投资减少、失业率增加、居民收入下降，故④应该排在第二位。
②：收入是消费的基础和前提，收入减少使消费低迷、消费品价格走低，故②应该排在第三位。
③：消费低迷使社会总供给大于社会总需求，引发通货紧缩，故③应该排在第四位。因此，正确的传导顺序是①→④→②→③。
故本题选A
6．B
解析：B
【解析】之所以既要防止通货膨胀，又要防止通货紧缩，是因为两者都会导致社会总需求和社会总供给的不平衡，影响社会经济的发展和人民生活水平的提高。③④项符合题意；通货膨胀会导致物价上涨，纸币贬值，通货紧缩则不然，①项说法错误；通货膨胀会刺激经济发展，而通货紧缩则导致国民经济发展速度放慢，就业压力增大，②项说法错误；正确选项为B。
【点睛】通货膨胀与通货紧缩：①如果货币的实际供应量超过流通中所需要的货币量，就会导致通货膨胀。通货膨胀是指经济运行中出现的物价总水平持续上涨的现象。货币供应量过多是导致通货膨胀的原因之一。实质是社会总需求大于社会总供给。②与通货膨胀相反，通货紧缩是指物价总水平持续下跌的现象。实质是社会总需求小于社会总供给。③国
家通过宏观调控，运用财政政策和货币政策，可以抑制通货膨胀，防止通货紧缩，实现经济平稳发展。
7．D
解析：D
【解析】通货膨胀和通货紧缩是都是一种客观的经济现象，它们的共同点是都会影响经济生活和社会经济秩序，D项符合题意；通货膨胀下属于卖方市场，通货紧缩下属于买方市场，A B项说法错误；通货膨胀需要增加总供给，抑制总需求。通货紧缩需要扩大内需，增加社会总需求，C项说法错误；正确选项为D。
【点睛】通货膨胀与通货紧缩：①如果货币的实际供应量超过流通中所需要的货币量，就会导致通货膨胀。通货膨胀是指经济运行中出现的物价总水平持续上涨的现象。货币供应量过多是导致通货膨胀的原因之一，实质是社会总需求大于社会总供给。②与通货膨胀相反，通货紧缩是指物价总水平持续下跌的现象。实质是社会总需求小于社会总供给。③国家通过宏观调控，运用财政政策和货币政策，可以抑制通货膨胀，防止通货紧缩，实现经济平稳发展。
8．C
解析：C
【详解】
A选项观点与题意不符，企业生产成本升高而不是降低，故排除。
B选项观点与题意不符，通货紧缩会导致居民购买力上升，居民消费需求减少而不是增加；
C选项观点正确且符合题意，通货紧缩会导致社会投资减少，生产萎缩，失业率上升，最终导致经济衰退，故入选。
D选项观点与题意不符，通货紧缩会导致流通中的货币量减少，居民购买力会上升而不是下降，故排除。
故答案为C。
【点睛】
传导性试题最常用的方法是“首位判断法”或“尾项判断法”，即找出事件、现象关联中的第一位或最后一位。对于较复杂的排序选择题无法用“首位判断法”直接选出正确答案时，通常采用“首尾两端结合判断法”进行解答。第一步，先看“首”，运用排除法缩小范围。第二步，看“尾”，即对剩余项的“尾”进行比较分析，判断哪个尾项正确。排序选择题的设计无论内容和形式怎样变化，在掌握基础知识的前提下，充分运用解题技巧，注意备内容之间的逻辑关系，就能化繁为简，变难为易。
9．D
解析：D
【解析】
①应计入进口国的总供给，而不是我国的总供给，故阿劈出；②形成社会总需求，不符合题意；中国进口铁矿砂和各类棚户区改造会增加我国的总供给，故③④符合题意。故本题答案为D。
10．A
解析：A
【解析】
【详解】
根据题意，2017年货币的发行量应该为5000*8/5=8000亿元；如果货币发行了16000亿元纸币，这时的1元钱相当于8000/16000=0.5元，会引起通货膨胀，故A项正确；BCD项均错误；正确选项为A。
【点睛】
货币的供应量必须以流通中所需要的货币量为限度。流通中所需要的货币量=（待售商品量×商品价格水平）÷货币流通次数。（货币流通规律：流通中需要的货币量与商品价格总额成正比，与货币流通速度成反比。）
11．B
解析：B
【详解】
当通货膨胀发生时，会出现物价上涨，纸币贬值，B项符合题意；通货膨胀时纸币购买力下降，A项说法错误；通货膨胀出现时需求旺盛，商品销售顺畅，C项说法错误；D项与题意不符；正确选项为B。
【点睛】
通货膨胀与通货紧缩：①如果货币的实际供应量超过流通中所需要的货币量，就会导致通货膨胀。通货膨胀是指经济运行中出现的物价总水平持续上涨的现象。货币供应量过多是导致通货膨胀的原因之一，实质是社会总需求大于社会总供给。②与通货膨胀相反，通货紧缩是指物价总水平持续下跌的现象。实质是社会总需求小于社会总供给。③国家通过宏观调控，运用财政政策和货币政策，可以抑制通货膨胀，防止通货紧缩，实现经济平稳发展。
12．A
解析：A
【详解】
①②项，通货膨胀多发生在经济快速增长时期，此时，由于经济的快速发展，社会投资增加，银行信贷规模增大，投入到流通中的纸币大量增加，可能会超过流通中实际需要的货币量，造成纸币贬值、物价上涨的结果，故正确。
③④项，通货膨胀发生后，由于纸币贬值，购买力下降，物价上涨，商品市场处于供不应求状态，消费增加，故错误。
故选A。
13．B
解析：B
【详解】
①③：为筹集财政资金，支持国民经济和社会事业发展，财政部决定发行储蓄国债，这说明国家发行国债可以弥补国家财政赤字，促进供求平衡，用于国家建设投资，拉动我国经济增长，故①③正确。
②：发行国债有助于缓解通货紧缩，但并不能避免通货紧缩，故②错误。
④：题干体现的的是财政政策，而④选项属于货币政策，故④排除。
故本题选B。
14．A
解析：A
【详解】
A：截至5月末，我国外汇储备规模达31017亿美元，较4月末上升102亿美元。这表明我国外汇储备充足，调节国际收支能力增强，A项符合题意。
B：我国外汇储备增加，人民币相对升值，我国偿还外债的能力增强，B项说法错误，排除。
C：材料强调的是我国外汇储备的变化，没有涉及人民币国际化问题，C项与材料不符，排除。
D：我国外汇储备增加，人民币会相对升值，但不意味着国内物价必然下跌，也不意味着一定会陷入通货紧缩境地，D项说法错误，排除。
故本题选A。
【点睛】
15．D
解析：D
【详解】
面对通货紧缩时，需要实施扩张性的货币政策，增加市场上流通的货币量，以刺激社会总需求，可见，材料中，持续低迷的物价指数令市场对通缩风险的担忧情绪有所上升，人们期盼货币政策和财政政策齐上场，这说明说明国家可以实施降息降准的稳健货币政策，以增加市场上的货币流通量，刺激社会总需求，故D当选；A错误，CPI跌破“1时代”，并不表明我国已发生通货紧缩；在通货紧缩时，要实施扩张性的财政政策，增发国债，故B 错误；C错误，通货紧缩会恶化经济下行趋势，但对消费者也不是有利。故选D。
【点睛】
财政政策与货币政策的区分：（1）含义不同。财政政策是指政府通过对财政收入和支出总量的调节来影响总需求，使之与总供给相适应的经济政策。货币政策是指一国中央银行（货币当局）为实现一定的宏观经济目标而对货币供应量和信贷量进行调节和控制所采取的指导方针及其相应的政策措施。（2）内容不同。凡是有关财政收入和财政支出的政策，如税收的变动，发行国库券，国家规定按较高的保护价收购粮食，政府的公共工程或商品与劳务的投资的多少等都属于财政政策，而和银行有关的一系列政策，如利率的调整则属于货币政策。（3）政策的制定者不同。财政政策是由国家制定的，必须经全国人大或其常委会通过。而货币政策是由中央银行直接制定的。
16．B
解析：B
【解析】
【详解】
通货膨胀是指经济运行中出现物价总水平持续上涨的现象。如果出现通货膨胀，就会引起物价上涨，影响人们的生活和社会的经济秩序，①④正确且符合题意；通货紧缩直接阻碍
商品流通，使商品销售发生困难，排除②③。故本题答案选B。
17．D
解析：D
【解析】
【详解】
通货膨胀是指经济运行中出现的全面、持续的物价上涨的现象。因此，判断的标准主要是看货币供应量是否过多，物价是否持续攀升，D符合题意；物价持续下跌是通货紧缩，A说法错误；社会上是否出现抢购风与商品的价值量是否变大等都不是判断社会经济生活中是否出现通货膨胀的标准，B说法错误；通货膨胀会导致物价上涨，但物价上涨与经济快速增长并不等于通货膨胀，C说法错误；正确选项为D。
【点睛】
通货膨胀与通货紧缩：①如果货币的实际供应量超过流通中所需要的货币量，就会导致通货膨胀。通货膨胀是指经济运行中出现的物价总水平持续上涨的现象。货币供应量过多是导致通货膨胀的原因之一，实质是社会总需求大于社会总供给。②与通货膨胀相反，通货紧缩是指物价总水平持续下跌的现象。实质是社会总需求小于社会总供给。③国家通过宏观调控，运用财政政策和货币政策，可以抑制通货膨胀，防止通货紧缩，实现经济平稳发展。
18．A
解析：A
【详解】
ABC：流通中所需货币量＝商品价格总额÷货币流通次数，因此，如果在一年里全社会用现金支付的销售商品总量是5000件，平均价格是8元，在这一年里货币的流通次数为5次。那么这一年里货币发行量应为（5000×8）÷5=8000亿元，如果这一年实际发行了16000亿元纸币，表明纸币发行过多，这可能会引起通货膨胀，故A正确，BC排除。
D：根据流通中所需货币量＝商品价格总额÷货币流通次数，可以计算出，这一年里货币发行量应为（5000×8）÷5=8000亿元，故D排除。
故本题选A。
19．B
解析：B
【详解】
本题考查货币流通规律。①④：根据公式流通中所需货币量=待售商品和服务的价格总额(待售商品和服务的数量×价格水平)÷货币流通速度，可知该国实际所需货币量=120万亿÷4次=30万亿元，但实际发行量不一定是30万亿元，货币供应量超过流通中所需货币量，会导致物价总水平持续上涨，货币的实际购买力下降，①④正确。
②：“2019年该国货币实际发行量必须是30万亿元”中“必须是30万亿元”说法太绝对，应该是以30万亿元为限度，不能过多也不能过少，②错误。
③：如果实际发行量多于30万亿元，可能会通货膨胀，纸币贬值，物价上涨，货币实际购买力降低，③错误。
故本题选B。
【点睛】
流通规律：纸币的发行量必须以流通中所需要的货币量为限度，如果超过这个限度就会引起通货膨胀，影响人民的生活和社会的经济秩序，如果过低于这个限度就会引起通货紧缩，导致消费不足、市场疲软、经济衰退和失业增加。
20．C
解析：C
【详解】
①②：中央银行买进政府债券，有利于社会上把暂时不能当现金的债券换成了现金，这样会有更多货币投放市场，增加货币供给量，进而增加社会总需求，治理通货紧缩，②错误，①正确。
③④：中央银行卖出政府债券，社会上会有资金买进，进而会使投放市场的货币减少，减少货币供给量，从而使社会总需求减少，治理通货膨胀，④错误，③正确。
故本题选C。
21．C
解析：C
【详解】
②④：通货膨胀是指经济运行中出现的物价总水平持续上涨的现象，货币的供应量超过流通中所需要的货币量是通货膨胀的原因之一。通货膨胀会导致物价持续上涨，纸币贬值，影响人民生活水平和社会经济秩序，②④说法正确。
①：通货紧缩会出现“持币待购”现象，造成商品销售困难，①错误。
③：通货紧缩会导致物价总水平持续下跌，消费者将会在一段时间内得到更多的价格实惠，③错误。
故本题选C。
22．A
解析：A
【详解】
①③：通货膨胀指流通中的纸币数量超过经济实际需要而引起的纸币贬值和物价水平全面而持续的上涨，其实质是社会总需求大于社会总供给，因此，要防止通货膨胀需要实现社会总需求和总供给的平衡。上调存款准备金率能够减少流通中的货币量，抑制社会总需求；增加商品的有效供应，能够增加社会总供给，可见，这两个选项能够预防通货膨胀。
①③符合题意。
②：下调银行存贷款利率是宏观调控手段，是预防通货紧缩的手段，②不符合题意。④：增加货币的供货量会进一步加剧通货膨胀，④不符合题意。
故本题选A。
23．B
解析：B
【详解】
A：纸币购买力降低，而不是提高，A 错误。
B：市场上待售商品价格总额为4000亿元，货币流通次数为4次，且这些待售商品的价值
都得到实现，那么纸币发行量应该是1000亿元。如果发行纸币2000亿元，此时纸币发行量超过流通中需要的货币量，会发生通货膨胀，物价上涨，纸币贬值，B符合题意。
C：应发行纸币1000亿元，材料所述说明实际发行纸币量超过了所需货币量，因此商品销售不困难，不会阻碍商品流通，C错误。
D：应发行纸币1000亿元，会出现通货膨胀，不会出现通货紧缩现象，D错误。
故本题选B。
【点睛】
纸币发行规律：
①纸币是按照金属货币执行流通手段的，纸币的发行量必须以流通中所需货币量为基础，不能太多，也不能太少。
②纸币发行量=（待售商品的总数×价格）/货币周转次数。
24．C
解析：C
【详解】
①④：数字货币是国家法定的一种基于互联网技术的货币形态，其结算、存储等环节都可以在没有人工核准的情况下自动完成，并保存所有路径信息。这表明推行数字货币有利于降低货币供给、流通的成本，同时在信息空间技术的推动下实现金融数字化，可以提升交易活动的便捷性，①④符合题意。
②：数字货币只是货币的数字化，其发行与抑制通货膨胀没有必然联系，②错误，排除。
③：数字货币的发行不会改变货币的职能，③中的“丰富和完善货币的职能”说法错误，排除。
故本题选C。
25．B
解析：B
【详解】
数字货币是指对货币进行数字化。数字化不是指扫描。这一点就如同数字签名一样，数字签名不是指将你的签名扫描成数字图像，或者用触摸板获取的签名，更不是你的落款。数字货币发行后将在统一的平台上运行，交易信息可查询，不可删除和篡改。发行数字货币能够降低发行和使用传统纸币产生的成本，提升经济交易活动的便利性和透明度，①④适合题意；发行数字货币并未增加现金货币的需求，也不能增加货币周转的次数，更不能避免通货紧缩，②③错误；故选B。
高考英语易错题解题方法大全：单项选择上 【示例1】_____ Jinan you see today is quite _____ different city from what it used to be. A. The, 不填 B. 不填, a C. The, a D. A. a 【错解分析】典型错误B.错因分析:以为专有名称前不用冠词而误选B。 【解题指导】第一个空后有定语从句修饰特指今天的上海市，用the ; 是一座不同于过去的城市，所以第二个空应该用不定冠词。 【答案】本题的正确选项为C. 【练习1】—Has the little girl passed ______ P.E. test? —She has tried twice, and the teacher will allow her to have _____ third try. A. the; 不填 B. a; the C. the; a D. the; the 【错解分析】由于没有掌握序数词前用不定冠词表示“又一次，在一次”的意思而误选D。【解题指导】本题考查序数词前用不定冠词的用法.第一空特指体育测试，用定冠词；她尽管两次都未通过，但教师允许她再考一次.a+序数词表示“又.再”，故选C. 【答案】C 【示例2】His speech was hard to understand because he kept jumping from one topic to _____. A. other B. the other C. the others D. another 【错解分析】典型错误B.错因分析：选择依据可能是one … the other …这一常用结构 【解题指导】使用one … the other … 时，我们通常是针对两者而言的，即指“两者中的一个……，另一个……”；如果所谈论的情况不是针对两者而言的，而是针对多者而言的，那么我们就不宜在one 后使用the other，而考虑用another。 【答案】本题的正确选项为D. 【练习2】It’s sometimes difficult to tell one twin from _____. A. another B. some other C. other D. the other 【错解分析】误选A原因是以为另一个应该用another。 【解题指导】twin 意为“孪生子之一”、“双胞胎之一”，即指两者之一，故用one … the other … 这一结构 【答案】D 【示例3】10. “He is said to be a wise leader.” “Oh, no, he is _____ but a wise leader.” A. anything B. anyone C. anybody D. anywhere
2020高考英语复习单选易错题、难题、好题档案 1. By the time you arrive in London, we _____ in Europe for two weeks. A. shall stay B. have stayed C. will have stayed D. have been staying 2. I appreciated ____ the opportunity to study abroad two years ago. A. having been given B. having given C. to have been given D. to have given 3. Living in the central Australian desert has its problems, _____ obtaining water is not the least. A. of which B. for what C. as D. whose 4. The heart is ____ intelligent than the stomach, for they are both controlled by the brain. A. not so B. not much C. much more d. no more 5. _____ the fact that his initial(开始的)experiments had failed, Pro. White persisted (坚持) in his research. A. Because of B. As to C. In spite of D. In views of 6. The millions of calculations(计算) involved, had they been don't by hand, _____ all practical value by the time they were finished. A. could lose B. would have lost C. might lose D. ought to have lost 7. No bread eaten by man is so sweet as _____ earned by his own labour. A. one B. that C. such D. what 8. It isn't cold enough for there _____ a frost tonight, so I can leave Jim's
高考英语单选易错题汇编及答案全部详解 1. Stop making so much noise ____ the neighbor will start complaining. A. or else B. but still C. and then D. so that 2. We hope to go to the beach tomorrow, but we won't go ____ it's raining. A. if B. when C. though D. because 3. ——The weather is too cold ____ March this year. ——It was still ____ when I came here years ago. A. for; colder B. in; cold C. in; hot D. for; hotter 4. ——How much vinegar did you put in the soup? ——I'm sorry to say, ____. I forget. A. no B. no one C. nothing D. none 5. He is only too ready to help others, seldom, ____, refusing them when they turn to him. A. if never B. if ever C. if not D. if any 6. ——What should I wear to attend his wedding party? ——Dress ____ you like. A. what B. however C. whatever D. how 7. ——The research on the new bird flu virus vaccine is challenging and demanding. Who do you think can do the job? ——____ my students have a try? A. Shall B. Must C. Will D. May 8. I'd like to live somewhere ____ the sun shines all year long. A. which B. that C. where D. in which 9. I ____ to go for a walk, but someone called and I couldn't get away. A. was planning B. planned C. had planned D. would plan 10. ——Your book, Tommy? ——No, Mom, it's my friend's. ——Remember to return it to ____ name is on it. A. what B. which C. whose D. whosever 11. Thank you for sending us ____ fresh vegetables of many kinds. You have done us ____ a
易错题精选 1.----May I move your bag a little and take this seat? ----__________. A. I don’t mind B. go ahead C. It doesn’t matter D. Do it please 2.As we have planned, we’ll go to Beijing to attend her sister’s wedding party. We’ll visit our mother school ________ we go there. A. if B. when C. once D. even if 3.Is this hotel ________ we were to stay? A. where B. which C. in that D. in which https://www.doczj.com/doc/1610815497.html,st term our maths teacher set so difficult an examination problem ________ none of us worked out. A. that B. as C. so that D. which 5.----Do you mind if I use your tape-recorder? ----__________. A. Never mind B. No, you can’t use it C. No, go ahead D. No, do it please 6.----Hi, Jane, how nice to meet you here in Manhatten. ----_________. A. So do I B. Me, too C. Thank you D. The same to you 7.----I’ve made up my mind to go abroad next year, Darling, what about you? ----Well, _________ you’re going, so will I. A. if B. since C. as long as D. when 8.The people invited to the ball may dress _________ they please. A. whatever B. wherever C. whenever D. however 9.Next winter, _________ you will spend in Harbin, I’m sure, will be another exciting holiday. A. which B. when C. in which D. where 10.She looks forward every spring to _________ the flower-lined garden. A. visit B. paying a visit C. walk in D. walking in 11.The largest collection ever found in England was one of about 200,000 silver pennies, _______ over 600 years old. A. all of them B. all of which C. all of it D. none of which 12.After half a year’s training, they were made entirely used _______ underwater. A. to stay B. to staying C. staying D. stay 13.They looked forward with hope _____ from you. A. of hearing B. to hear C. to hearing D. hearing 14.The teacher couldn’t make himself ________ attention to because they were too noisy. A. pay B. paid C. to pay D. to be paid 15.Half his money ______ for food and clothes. A. costs B. goes C. pays D. spends 16.Before he went abroad, he spent as much time as he ________ English. A. could learning B. learned C. to learn D. could learn 17. Has the boy who was made use of ______ realized his mistake?
一、高中英语阅读理解 1．阅读理解 Since we've headed into the snowy part of the year, it seems like a good time to solve a language puzzle that Eskimos have a huge number of words for snow. The idea was popularized by the now well-known expert Benjamin Lee Whorf in the 1940s. His number was approximately five Eskimo words for snow, but somehow the story was so wide spread and romantic that it got out of control and grew bigger and bigger. There are two problems with the concept of Eskimos having tons of words for snow. First, Eskimos speak at least two different languages—Inuit and Yupik. Just as we have talked about how English and many other languages developed from a common language called Proto-Indo-European, Inuit and Yupik come from a different common language called Eskimo-Aleut. So saying Eskimos have 100 words for snow is like saying Europeans have 100 words for kings or queens. It might be telling you something broad about culture, but it isn't really telling you much about language. The second problem is "What is a word?” The Inuit and Yupik languages make words in different ways from how we make words in English. For example, the West Greenlandic word 'siku,' (sea ice), is used as the root for 'sikursuit (pack ice), 'Sikuliaq (new ice), and 'sikurluk (melting ice). But it's not that West Greenlandic has so many more words for describing snow than English, it's just that West Greenlandic expresses ideas by combining meaningful units of language together into one word while English uses more phrases and compounds. We express all the same ideas; we just do it a little differently because of the way our language is built. So you're probably still wondering, "If it's not 50 or 100 or 400 words, how many is it?" Well, Woodbury lists 15 that are present in a Yupik dictionary published in 1984, but he says that depending on how you look at it this is not an exact number. It could be 12; it could be 24. But it's certainly not 100. Sometimes, the "hundred words for snow" puzzle is used to argue that because Eskimos have so many words for snow, they think about snow in ways that we can't even begin to imagine—that your language decides or limits your thoughts. Languages are just different. They don't decide what we are able to think about or are not able to think about. I can think about snow floating on water even if we don't have a word for that in English. So when you're out skiing or snowboarding or just shoveling your driveway this winter, don't believe the people who try to tell you that Eskimos have 100 words for snow. （1）Why are Eskimos thought to have so many words for snow? A. Because snow is everywhere where Eskimos live. B. Because the story about it got enriched and believed. C. Because snow is of great importance to Eskimos. D. Because Eskimos have great affection for snow. （2）How does the writer explain the first problem? A. By presenting figures. B. By making comparisons. C. By quoting sayings. D. By adopting idioms.
高考英语动词知识点易错题汇编及答案解析(6) 一、选择题 1．If you can’t _____ a better plan, we have to carry out the present one. A．come along with B．come up with C．come across D．come about for 2．Dozens were killed while fighting a fire that ______ this summer. A．broke in B．broke out C．broke up D．broke down 3．My camera can be________to take pictures in cloudy and sunny conditions. A．adapted B．adjusted C．adopted D．admitted 4．How could you ________ such a fantastic job when you have been out of work for months? A．turn off B．turn in C．turn down D．turn to 5．Stars ___________ their own light, while planets only ___________ the light. A．give off; reflect B．give away; reflect C．reflect; give off D．reflect; give away 6．The new movie is so popular that it___to be one of the biggest money makers of all time. A．promises B．regards C．pretends D．supposes 7．I think a cold drink can_______you after the long journey in such hot weather. A．recover B．reward C．relieve D．refresh 8．As soon as she arrived home,she_____tidying up the room. A．set about B．set out C．set down D．set off 9．Climate change has arrived and is _____ faster than many scientists expected. A．uniting B．accelerating C．declining D．twisting 10．Teenagers spend too much time on computer games.What’s worse, some of them can’t ____________ their studies. A．get on B．concentrate on C．insist on D．hold on 11．Have you already __________________ for the driver's education class? If so, we can learn driving course together this summer vocation A．put up B．sign up C．cheer up D．bring up 12．To get a better grade, you should ________the notes again before the test. A．go over B．get over C．turn over D．take over 13．—It is said that Mr. White will have to stay in hospital for a good while. —Don't worry. His son, Henry, will________ his duties. A．take over B．take up C．take off D．take in 14．As nobody here knows what is wrong with the machine, we must send for an engineer to _________ the problem. A．handle B．raise C．face D．present 15．We had arranged to meet at the railway station, but to our anxiety, she didn’t _________. A．come about B．show off
2019高考英语：单选易错题练习题（1）及解析详解 1、Stopmakingsomuchnoise____theneighborwillstartcomplaining. A、orelse B、butstill C、andthen D、sothat 2、Wehopetogotothebeachtomorrow,butwewon’tgo____it’sraining. A、if B、when C、though D、because 3、——Theweatheristoocold____Marchthisyear. ——Itwasstill____whenIcamehereyearsago. A、for;colder B、in;cold C、in;hot D、for;hotter 4、——Howmuchvinegardidyouputinthesoup? ——I’msorrytosay,____.Iforget. A、no B、noone C、nothing D、none 5、Heisonlytooreadytohelpothers,seldom,____,refusingthemwhentheyturntohim. A、ifnever B、ifever C、ifnot D、ifany 6、——WhatshouldIweartoattendhisweddingparty? ——Dress____youlike. A、what B、however C、whatever D、how 7、——Theresearchonthenewbirdfluvirusvaccineischallenginganddemanding.Whodoyouthinkca ndothejob? ——____mystudentshaveatry? A、Shall B、Must C、Will D、May 8、I’dliketolivesomewhere____thesunshinesallyearlong. A、which B、that C、where D、inwhich 9、I____togoforawalk,butsomeonecalledandIcouldn’tgetaway. A、wasplanning B、planned C、hadplanned D、wouldplan 10、——Yourbook,Tommy? ——No,Mom,it’smyfriend’s. ——Remembertoreturnitto____nameisonit. A、what B、which C、whose D、whosever 11、Thankyouforsendingus____freshvegetablesofmanykinds.Youhavedoneus____agreatservi ce. A、不填；a B、the；a C、不填；不填 D、the；不填 12、Nowthatwe____allthemoney,it’snouseturningonmeandsayingit’sallmyfault. A、hadlost B、lost C、havelost D、lose 13、Wehadareallybadtimeaboutsixmonthsagobutnowthingsare____. A、lookingup B、comingup C、makingup D、turningup 14、——Whendiditbegintosnow? ——Itstarted____thenight. A、during B、by C、from D、at 15、Youngasheis,Davidhasgained____richexperiencein____society. A、the;the B、a;不填 C、不填；不填 D、不填；the 16、
（英语）高考英语易错题专题三一般过去时(含解析) 一、单项选择一般过去时 1．When I___ to the cinema, the film___ for 5 minutes. A．got, had begun B．get, will begin C．got, had been on D．got, has been on 【答案】C 【解析】 【详解】 考查时态。句意：当我到达电影院时，电影已经开始了五分钟。for five minutes为一段时间要求谓语动词要用延续性动词，故A和B先排除，而从句的动作发生在主句动作之后，从句用一般过去时态，主句用过去完成时态。故选C。 2．Typhoon Hato brought powerful winds and flooding to the region of southeast China and several deaths on the storm in August, 2017. A．were blamed B．would be blamed C．had been blamed D．have been blamed 【答案】A 【解析】考查动词时态。句意：2017年8月台风“天鸽‘给中国东南部地区带来强风和洪水，暴风雨导致几人死亡。根据句中明显的过去的时间状语August, 2017，可知用一般过去时。故选A。 3．They ________ in Holland for ten years. Now they have settled down in Paris. A．lived B．have lived C．had lived D．were living 【答案】A 【解析】 【详解】 考查动词时态。句意：他们在荷兰生活过十年。现在他们定居在巴黎。根据后句中的现在完成时态可知，他们在荷兰生活是单纯发生的过去的事情，所以应该用一般过去时，故选A。 4．His earlier concert in Shanghai____a big success.It was the first time the Taiwan singer____a concert on the mainland. A．is;held B．was;held C．had been;would hold D．was;had held 【答案】D 【解析】 【详解】 考查时态。句意：他早些时候在上海的演唱会非常成功。这是这位台湾歌手第一次在大陆举办音乐会。第一空：根据句意可知，此处描述的是过去的事情，应使用一般过去时；第
高考英语动词知识点易错题汇编及答案解析(4) 一、选择题 1．It's said that our mental abilities begin to _______ from the age 27 after reaching the highest level at 22. A．differ B．depress C．distribute D．decline 2．One of the secretary’s jobs is to ___________ letters and mails. A．help out B．dry out C．sort out D．stick out 3．If you can ________ to something, you can change in order to make the situation better. A．adapt B．addict C．adopt D．appeal 4．______himself to alcohol,the man seldom cared about his family. A．Adjusting B．Approaching C．Abandoning D．Acknowledging 5．A lot of dust has on the farm machines. A．brought up B．taken up C．built up D．picked up 6．Teenagers spend too much time on computer games.What’s worse, some of them can’t ____________ their studies. A．get on B．concentrate on C．insist on D．hold on 7．Smiling and laughing has actually been shown to _________and stress. A．put on pressure B．fed up with C．relieve tension D．try out for 8．Have you already __________________ for the driver's education class? If so, we can learn driving course together this summer vocation A．put up B．sign up C．cheer up D．bring up 9．Several swimmers have been drowned in the sea recently. So I don’t _______of your going swimming alone. A．approve B．agree C．support D．admit 10．All the students ________ laughter when John walked into the classroom like Donald Duck. A．burst into B．broke out C．burst out D．broke up 11．This dictionary, which I bought yesterday, has been highly______by my professor. A．acknowledged B．appealed C．recommended D．commanded 12．How could you ________ such a fantastic job when you have been out of work for months? A．turn off B．turn in C．turn down D．turn to 13．As for his advantages, he has 20 years’ teaching experience to _______. A．draw on B．draw back C．draw up D．draw in 14．The apartment s in the city center are always expensive. I can’t _____ one with all my money. A．take B．afford C．supply D．support 15．We had lots of good applicants for the job, but one _________ from the rest. A．made out B．stood out C．picked out D．figured out 16．I ________ you an apology for what I said this morning. Anyway, I meant no offence. A．owe B．make C．demand D．accept 17．The ground is slippery.Hold on to the rope and don’t ________. A．put off B．turn up C．take apart D．let go
高考英语专题名词性从句知识点易错题汇编及答案解析 一、选择题 1．Their ship was blown off course by strong wind, and they arrived in ________is known as Greenland by chance. A．where B．when C．what D．which 2．We can judge one’s character by ______ he treats whoever can do nothing for him. A．that B．what C．how D．when 3．______ they have won the game made us excited. A．/B．That C．What D．Which 4．It is exactly ______ we behave ______has changed the world. A．which; that B．how; that C．how; what D．what; that 5．Andrew is such a rebellious person that he often offends against _______ others consider accepted rules. A．that B．what C．which D．whether 6．Anyone who wants to can call any timepiece a clock, but technically speaking, only _________ ones ring out the time actually deserve the name. A．whatever B．whenever C．whichever D．wherever 7．Much to the couple's comfort，their income is now double ________ it was five years ago. A．that B．if C．which D．what 8．Anyone with common sense is able to make the proper decision and do ______ suits the occasion best. A．no matter what B．no matter how C．whatever D．however 9．__________ is no possibility __________ Bob can win the first prize in the match . A．There ; whether B．There ; that C．It ; whether D．It ; that 10．Students show great interest in ________ Professor William presents to them in his class. A．whichever B．wherever C．whatever D．however 11．—Friends are very important for teenagers. —Yes. A friend will be listened to___________a parent or a teacher might not. A．where B．what C．why D．which 12．We must be in a place of peace and faith, so internal conflict and disbelief do not hold back ________ it is possible for us to achieve. A．how B．what C．why D．where 13．—The hillside village remains primitive and unspoiled. —That explains ______ people desire to explore such a remote place. A．how B．where C．when D．why 14．The weather is fine. I’m sure ________ we can go camping this afternoon. A．why B．what C．that D．if 15．It was__ he said__ disappointed me. A．that；what B．what；that C．what；what D．that；that 16．As John Lennon once said, life is ________ happens to you while you are busy making other plans.
高考单选易错题、难题、好题档案 1. By the time you arrive in London, we _____ in Europe for two weeks. A. shall stay B. have stayed C. will have stayed D. have been staying 2. I appreciated ____ the opportunity to study abroad two years ago. A. having been given B. having given C. to have been given D. to have given 3. Living in the central Australian desert has its problems, _____ obtaining water is not the least. A. of which B. for what C. as D. whose 4. The heart is ____ intelligent than the stomach, for they are both controlled by the brain. A. not so B. not much C. much more d. no more 5. _____ the fact that his initial(开始的)experiments had failed, Pro. White persisted (坚持) in his research. A. Because of B. As to C. In spite of D. In views of 6. The millions of calculations(计算) involved, had they been don't by hand, _____ all practical value by the time they were finished. A. could lose B. would have lost C. might lose D. ought to have lost 7. No bread eaten by man is so sweet as _____ earned by his own labour. A. one B. that C. such D. what 8. It isn't cold enough for there _____ a frost tonight, so I can leave Jim's car out quite safely. A. would be B. being C. was D. to be 9. Tom assured (向……保证) his boss that he would _____ all his energies in doing this new job. A. call forth B. call at C. call on D. call off 10. More than two hundred years ago the United States _____ from the British Empire and became an independent country. A. got off B. pulled down C. broke away D. dropped off 11. As your instructor(教师) advised, you ought to spend your time on something ____ researching into. A. precious B. worth C. worthy D. valuable 12. Without the friction (摩擦力) between feet and the ground, people would ____ be able to walk. A. in no time B. by all means C. in no way D. on any account 13. We are taught that a business letter should be written in a formal style _____ in a personal one. A. rather than B. other than C. better than D. less than 14. ______ is generally accepted, economical growth is determined by the smooth development of production. A. What B. That C. It D. As 15. John complained to the bookseller that there were several pages ____ in the dictionary. A. missing B. losing C. dropping D. leaking 16. Do you enjoy listening to records? I find records are often ____ or better than an actual performance.