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仁爱版九上全册英语重点短语 句式 句型 语法

仁爱版九上全册英语重点短语 句式 句型 语法
仁爱版九上全册英语重点短语 句式 句型 语法

Unit 1

重点短语

1. take place 发生

2. summer holiday 暑假

3. more and more... 越来越……

4. take photos 拍照

5. by the way 顺便问一下

6. be back 回来

7. take part in 参加

8. a group of 一群

9. clean rooms 打扫房间

10. jump rope 跳绳

11. fly a kite 放风筝

12. do farm work 干农活

13. chat online 网上聊天

14. learn from 从……学习……

15. put on 上演

16. keep in touch with 跟……保持联系

17. reform and opening-up 改革开放

18. make progress 取得进展,取得进步

19. succeed in doing sth. 成功地做了某事

20. living condition 居住条件

21. ring roads 环形公路

22. crowd into 挤进

23. medical care 医疗服务

24. get lost 迷路

25. each other 彼此,互相

26. call sb. up 给某人打电话

27. not ... any more 不再

28. department store 百货公司

29. carry out 执行

30. control the population 控制人口

31. what's more 而且,另外,更重要的是

32. one-child policy 计划生育政策

33. so far 到目前为止

34. take measures to do sth 采取措施做某事

35. thanks to 幸亏,由于

36. because of 因为;由于

37. living conditions 生活条件

38. deal with 处理

39. as a matter of fact 事实上,其实

40. millions of 大量;数以百万计

41. stand for 代表

42. theater industry 影院行业

43. return to work 重返工作岗位

44. live a normal life 过正常生活

45. in need 在困难中的

46. decide on 决定;选定

47. medical treatment 治疗;医疗

48. provide sb with sth 向某人提供某物

49. in order to 为了

50. have a problem with 在……(方面)有问题

51. on purpose 故意,有意地

52. according to 据……所说,按……所报道

53. child labor 童工

句式梳理

1. have/has been to ...

【解析】have/has been to ... 意为“(某人)曾经到过……”。

2.have/has gone to ...

【解析】have/has gone to ...意为“(某人)已经去……了,现在不在这里(说话的地点)”。

3. keep in touch with

【解析】keep in touch with ... 意为“与……保持联系”,强调所处的状态;类似的表达还有get in touch with ... 意为“与……取得联系”,强调动作。

4. So do I

【解析】So do I 是倒装句,表示前面提到的肯定情况也同样适合另一个人或物,结构为“so + be / 情态动词/ 助动词+ 主语”。

5. 用population 表达人口

【解析】population 为名词,表示“人口,人数”的意思。当提到“某地有多少人口”时,可用“某地+ has a population of + 数字”或“The population of + 某地+ is + 数字”来表示;形容人口的多少常用形容词large 或small 来修饰population;当提问“某地的人口数量为多少”时,常用what 来提问。

6. be known as

【解析】be known as 为固定短语,意为“作为……而出名”,后面一般接人物的职业或称号。精品句型

1. 表达情感

(1) What a good girl (she is)!

她是一个多么好的女孩啊!

(2) Bill is very lazy, and he hates doing home- work after school every day.

比尔非常懒惰,他讨厌每天放学后做家庭作业。

(3) — I like playing basketball very much.

我非常喜欢打篮球。

— So do I.

我也是。

(4) Though he is almost 70, he still keeps doing exercise every day.

尽管他快70 岁了,他仍然坚持每天做运动。

2. 表达人口

(1) The population of America is smaller than that of India.

美国的人口比印度的人口少。

(2) What's the population of Henan Province?

河南省有多少人口?

(3) China has the largest population in the world.

中国拥有世界上最多的人口。

3. 表达个人观点、建议

(1) You will get used to living abroad soon.

你会很快习惯生活在国外。

(2) Jack is wise. As a matter of fact, I have taken his advice.

杰克是明智的。事实上,我已经接受了他的建议。

(3) I hope you can enjoy your vacation.

我希望你能享受你的假期。

语法运用

一. 现在完成时(I)

一、定义

现在完成时主要强调过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响,或过去发生的动作还未结束,一直持续到现在或将来,重点在于对现在的影响。

二、结构

have / has + 动词的过去分词

三、现在完成时的几种句型

1. 肯定句:主语+ have / has + 动词的过去分词+ 其他

例如:I have lived here for two years.

我住在这里两年了。

2. 否定句:主语+ haven't / hasn't + 动词的过去分词+ 其他。

例如: My classmate hasn't called me yet.

我同学还没给我打电话。

3. 一般疑问句:Have / Has + 主语+ 动词的过去分词+ 其他?

例如:The three-day holiday is coming. Have you got any idea?

三天的假期就要来临。你有什么想法吗?

4. 特殊疑问句:特殊疑问词+have / has + 主语+ 动词的过去分词+ 其他?

例如:What have you said to your brother? He is angry now.

你对你弟弟说了什么?他现在很生气。

二. 现在完成时(II)

already, ever, yet, never 和just 等是现在完成时的标志性副词。但是,这几个词在句中的含义和用法并不完全相同:

总的来说,already,just,ever 和never 在句中的位置一般都是在助动词之后、实义动词之前;already,just 和ever 一般不用于否定句;yet 往往放在句尾。

三. 英文数字的读法

(1) 十位数与个位数之间要用连字符。

例如:thirty-four

(2) 百位数与十位数之间用and。

例如:five hundred and sixty-two

(3) 千位以上的数,从后往前数,每三位加一个逗号,每三位前有一个专有数词:第一个逗号前为千位(thousand),第二个逗号前为百万位(million),第三个逗号前为十亿位(billion)。

(4) 如果hundred,thousand,million,billion 等词前有具体的数词或several 时,须用单数,但是当这些词与of 连用,表示不确切的数目时,须用复数。

例如:seven thousand students 7,000 名学生

thousands of visitors 成千上万的游客

四. 现在完成时(III)

现在完成时可以与for 和since 引导的时间状语(从句)连用,表示开始于过去并持续到现在的动作或状态。表示延续动作或状态的动词多为延续性动词,如learn, live, know, wait 等。

一、for 和表示一段时间的词组连用表示动作开始于过去某一时刻,一直延续到现在,有可能还要继续下去。其中,for 常和时间段连用,句中谓语动词要用延续性动词。

例如:I have been in Shanghai for more than 5 years.

我已经在上海待了五年多了。

二、since 意为“从……以后,自……以来”,引导的时间状语表示的是一个时间点。since 可以用作连词,引导时间状语从句;也可用作介词,后面跟表示时间的名词或短语。

例如:The place has changed a lot since I moved here.

自从我搬到这里这个地方改变了许多。

【拓展】

短暂性动词及短语不能和表示一段时间的状语连用。当短暂性动词及短语要与表示一段时间的状语连用时,需转换为与之对应的延续性动词及短语。

例如:buy → have, borrow →keep, die → be dead, come / arrive → be here /in, leave → be away from, marry → be married,fall asleep → be asleep 等。

Unit 2

重点短语

1. lots of 许多

2. pour...into... 把……倒进/ 注入……

3. have a picnic 去野餐

4. cut down 砍伐

5. be harmful to... 对……有害

6. chemical factory 化工厂

7. waste water 污水;废水

8. print newspapers 印报纸

9. noise pollution 噪音污染

10. pop music 流行音乐

11. do harm to 损害;伤害

12. hearing loss 失聪

13. all sorts of 各种各样的

14. high blood pressure 高血压

15. be bad for... 对……有害

16. hurry up 赶快

17. give up 放弃

18. waste paper 废纸

19. soft drink cans 软饮料罐

20. spread the message 传播信息

21. shut off 停止,关掉

22. a short distance 一段很短的距离

23. save energy 节约能源

24. change into 变成

25. pour... into... 把……倒入……

26. after all 毕竟

27. produce... from... 用……生产出……

28. all over the world 全世界

29. reach a speed of... 达到……的速度

30. run out 用完,耗尽

31. remove... from... 从……移除

32. face difficulties 面临困难

33. different types of 不同类型的

34. even though 即使

句式梳理

1. There be sb. doing sth.

【解析】There be 意思是“有”,表示“人或事物的存在”或“某地有某物”。There be sb doing sth. 表示“某人正在干某事”。同时,There be 句型的时态变化体现在be 上。通常构成“There is/are/was/were+ 某物/ 人+ 某地/时”结构,表示“某地/ 时有某物/ 人”。

2. How long have/has...?

【解析】How long have / has...?意为“……已经多久,多长时间?”用来询问或谈论某段时间,答语通常用for, since 等引导的时间状语,谓语动词必须为延续性动词。

3. not all...

【解析】not all 表示部分否定,意为“不是/ 并非所有的……都”,若其后所接对象指复数概念,谓语动词用复数;若其指单数概念,则谓语动词用单数。

4. no better than

【解析】no better than 意为“同……(几乎)一样;和……(几乎)一样坏”。

5. although 引导让步状语从句

【解析】although 意为“虽然,尽管”, 相当于 though,引导让步状语从句。although 与 though 通常可以互换,但是although 稍微正式一点。although 跟though 引导的从句都不能跟but 同时使用。

6. 用while对比前后两件事物

【解析】while 作连词时,经常用来对比前后两件事物,一般翻译为“然而”。

【拓展】while 在表示让步语义时与although 同义,两者可以互用。

7. My main job is to do sth.

【解析】此句型为不定式作表语,表示工作的具体内容,类似的表达还有My task / goal / hope / dream is to do sth. 即我的任务、目标、愿望、梦想是……,这个句型主要用来表达发生在未来的行为。

8. ought to do sth.

【解析】ought to 是情态动词,意为“应该,应当”,ought to do sth 意为“应该做某事”,当表示“不应该”做某事时,直接在ought 后边加上not。

9. To solve the problem ...

【解析】To solve the problem 意为“为了解决问题”,此处为动词不定式作状语,表目的,problem 后边也可以加of + 名词/ 动名词,表示具体的问题。

精品句型

1. 谈论健康状况

(1) My mother doesn't allow me to eat much junk food, because it is harmful to the body.

我妈妈不允许我多吃垃圾食品,因为它对身体有害。

(2) It may do harm to your stomach if you eat too fast.

吃东西太快可能伤胃。

2. 表达个人观点、建议

(1) You ought to be more careful when riding a bike at night.

你晚上骑自行车的时候应该更小心点。

(2) You'd better stop discussing the matter with your deskmate.

你最好停止和你同桌讨论这件事。

(3) They shouldn't step on the grass or pick flowers in the park.

他们不应该在公园踩踏草坪、摘花。

3. 表达语义的转折

(1) These clothes will never go out of style al- though they're expensive.

这些衣服虽然贵,但永远不会过时的。

(2) Even though you are right, you shouldn't laugh at him.

尽管你是对的,但你不该嘲笑他。

(3) The manager was unhappy with her work, but he didn't let her go.

经理不满意她的工作,但他没有让她走。

(4) Linda studies hard while her brother seldom finishes his homework.

琳达学习努力,然而她的弟弟很少完成作业。

语法运用

一. 现在完成时和一般过去时的区别

复合不定代词和复合不定副词的用法

一、复合不定代词是指由some-, any-, no-, every- 与-thing, -one, -body 等构成的不定代词。常见的复合不定代词有以下两类:

表示人:someone, somebody, anyone, anybody, no one, nobody, everyone, everybody

表示物:something, anything, nothing, everything

在使用复合不定代词时,要注意以下几点:

1. some- 构成的复合不定代词多用于肯定句中,any- 构成的复合不定代词多用于否定句和疑问句中。

例如:

(1) We stopped for something to eat.

我们停下来吃点东西。

(2) Is there anybody in the classroom?

教室里有人吗?

2. 在表示请求、建议或期望得到肯定回答的一般疑问句中,常用some- 构成的复合不定代词。

例如:

Would you like something to drink?

你想要喝点什么吗?

3. 复合不定代词作主语时,谓语动词用单数形式。

例如:

Nobody wants to stay with that boy.

没有人想和那个男孩呆在一起。

4. 复合不定代词与形容词或else 连用时,修饰复合不定代词的形容词或else 要后置。

例如:

There is something important we must do now.

有一些重要的事情我们必须现在就做。

二、复合不定副词包括somewhere,anywhere,nowhere 和everywhere 等,它们在句中作地点状语。

例如:

(1) They didn't go anywhere else except Xi'an last year.

除了西安,他们去年哪里也没去。

(2) Tom wants to go somewhere cool in summer.

汤姆夏天想去某个凉爽的地方。

二. 连词and, but, or,

while 构成的复合句

这四个连词都可以连接两个句子构成复合句,但各有侧重点。

and 意为“和”,表示前后两个句子是并列或者递进的关系;

but 意为“但是”,表示前后两个句子是转折的关系;

or 意为“否则,要不然”,表示为了避免某种结果(后半句),应该做某事(前半句);while 意为“但是,而”,用于强调前后两个分句中内容的对比、差异。

例如:

1. Stick to your plan, and you will make progress.

坚持你的计划,你会取得进步的。

2. 萨莉想要学习弹吉他,但她母亲想让她学习弹钢琴。

Sally wants to learn to play the guitar, but her mother wants her to learn to play the piano.

3. 抓紧时间吃早饭吧,否则你可能赶不上火车了。

Take your time to have breakfast, or you might not be able to catch the train.

4. 艾达热情开朗,而她姐姐则内向安静。

Ada is warm and outgoing, while her sister is shy and quiet.

Unit 3

重点短语

1. stick...on... 把……粘贴在……上

2. all over the world 全世界,世界各地

3. from now on 从今往后,从现在开始

4. be pleased with... 对……感到高兴;满意于……

5. on business 出差

6. be similar to 与……相似,与……相像

7. official language 官方语言

8. ask...for help 向……寻求帮助

9. divide...into... 把……分成……

10. more than 不只是,超过

11. mother tongue 母语

12. international conferences 国际会议

13. go abroad 去国外

14. make progress 取得进步

15. be required to 被要求……

16. be regarded as 被当作……

17. see...off 为……送行;送别

18. get on 上车

19. ask for a ride 搭乘,搭车

20. give sb a ride 让某人搭便车

21. do some research 做调查

22. as a sign of ... 作为……的象征

23. wave hand 挥手

24. even if 即使

25. good luck 好运

26. calm down (使)平静,安静

27. shake head 摇头

28. pay attention to 注意

29. stand for 代表

30. at times 有时

31. regard ...as ... 把……认作,看成……

32. compare...to... 把……比作……

33. make mistakes 犯错误

34. places of interest 名胜古迹

35. have a conversation with 与……对话

36. write a composition 写一篇作文

37. keep a diary 记日记

38. get into trouble 陷入麻烦

39. be weak in 不擅长

40. turn to 求助于

41. take a deep breath 深呼吸

42. give it a try 试一试

43. take notes 做笔记

44. as long as 只要

45. stick to 坚持

46. hold a meeting 举行会议

47. download... from... 从……下载……

48. imitate the pronunciation of 模仿……的发音

49. increase the number of 增加……的数量

句式梳理

1. can't wait to do sth

【解析】can't wait to do sth..意为“迫不及待做某事”,to 后接动词原形,形容某人做某事的愿望十分强烈或对该件事期望已久。

2. as well as

【解析】1. as well as 常用来连接两个并列的成分,意为“也,还”。它强调的是前一项,后一项只是顺便提及。因此连接并列主语时,谓语动词的单复数与前一项一致;as well as 可与not only ... but also ... 相互转换,而用 not only ... but also ... 连接时,谓语动词的单复数

与后一项一致。

2. as well as 用来表示同级比较,指“和……一样好”。

3. when ever 引导让步状语从句

【解析】连接副词whenever 引导让步状语从句,相当于no matter when,意为“无论什么时候”。相似的用法还有:wherever 相当于no matter where; whoever 相当于no matter who; whatever 相当于no matter what 等。

4. I wonder if...

【解析】I wonder if ... 意为“我想知道是否……”或“不知我是否可以……”,可以用来表达对事物的不确定,也可以作为请求允许的交际用语。

5. dare (not) do sth

【解析】此句型由情态动词dare (+not)+ 动词原形构成,表示“(不)敢做某事”,dare 后边的动词用原形,当构成一般疑问句时,直接将dare 提前。

6. feel like doing sth

【解析】feel like 意为“想”,因此feel like doing sth. 为“想要做某事”。

7. give sb. Advice on...

【解析】advice 意为“意见;建议”,此句型意为“就某事给某人意见”,on 后边可以接sth/doing sth/wh-/how to do sth。当表示听取了某人的意见时用“take/follow sb’s advice”。

8. It's an honor to do sth

【解析】honor 意为“荣幸,光荣”,It's an honor to do sth.意为“做某事是非常荣幸的”。类似的表达还有“It's a shame to do sth.”,意为“做某事是非常可耻的”。

9. I am sure that...

【解析】此句为I am sure+that 引导的宾语从句构成的复合句,意为“我确信……”,类似的表达还有make sure that...,为“确保……”。

精品句型

1. 谈论将来打算或表达愿望

(1) My sister and I are going to visit New York.

我的姐姐和我打算去参观纽约。

(2) The girl hopes she can study abroad one day.

那个女孩希望有朝一日她可以在国外学习。

2. 表达鼓励、保证

(1) You can make it as long as you make efforts.

只要努力,你就可以做到。

(2) Whenever you need help, just call me.

无论何时你需要帮助,给我打电话就行了。

3. 交流英语学习方法

(1) — Could you give me some advice on how to improve spoken English?

— Sure.

———你可以就怎样提高英语口语给我一些建议吗?

———当然可以。

语法运用

一. 一般现在时的被动语态

英语语态有主动语态和被动语态两种。当主语是动作的执行者时,叫主动语态。

例如:We clean the classroom.

我们打扫教室。当主语是动作的承受者时,叫被动语态。

例如:The classroom is cleaned (by us).

教室被(我们)打扫。

1.被动语态的构成:

主语+ 助动词be + 及物动词的过去分词+(by+宾语)。其中by意为“被……;由……”,表动作的执行者。

例如:The glass is broken by that girl.

玻璃杯是那个女孩打破的。

be 有人称、数和时态的变化,其肯定式、否定式、疑问式的变化规则与be 作为连系动词时完全一样。

例如:

English is widely spoken around the world.(肯定式)

English is not widely spoken around the world.(否定式)

— Is English widely spoken around the world?(疑问式)

— Yes, it is. / No, it isn't.

2.被动语态的用法:

在没有指明动作的执行者或者不知道动作执行者的情况下,可用被动语态。例如:This coat is made of cotton. 这件大衣是棉制的。

3.主动语态变为被动语态:

(1) 将主动句的宾语变为主语:

注意:如果主动句的宾语是代词,需将其由宾格变为主格。

例如:Lucy takes care of her. = She is taken care of by Lucy.

(2) 将动词改为“be + 过去分词”。

注意:They held a meeting. = A meeting was held by them.

他们开了个会。

二. 现在进行时表将来

现在进行时除了可以表示进行外,还可以表示将来。现在进行时表示将来,主要用于表示按计划或安排要发生的动作。常有“意图”“安排”或“打算”的含义。这种现在进行时比较生动,给人一种期待感。

1. 现在进行时常用来表示将来确切的计划,所用的动词通常是表示位置移动的动词,如 come, go, leave, arrive, set off 等。

例如:

(1) Some friends are coming to my birthday party this evening.

今晚我的一些朋友将来参加我的生日晚会。

(2) Betty is leaving for Guangzhou by train at 3:00 this afternoon.

贝蒂今天下午3 点将坐火车去广州。

2. 表将来的现在进行时除用位置移动的动词外,也可用一些非位置移动的动词。能这样用的动词通常包括:do, get, buy, have, meet, play, return, see, spend, start, stay, wear, work 等。

例如:

(1) He is buying a new bike soon.

他不久将买一辆新自行车。

(2) Lucy and Jane are meeting this Sunday.

露西和简这个周天要会面。

3. 现在进行时有时表示即将发生的动作或情况。

例如:

— Hurry up. The bus is going to start.

快点,公交车要开了。

— OK, I’m coming.

好的,我就来。

三. wh-/how +to do

“wh-/how +to do”由疑问词+ 动词不定式构成。该结构中的疑问词包括疑问代词what、which、who和疑问副词when、how、where 等。这种结构在句子中可做主语、宾语、表语等,但不能作谓语。

例如:

1. She didn't know which bus to take. (做宾语)

她不知道该乘哪路公共汽车。

2. When to start is undecided.

(做主语)何时出发,尚未决定。

3. The problem is how to finish the work as quickly as possible.

(做表语)问题是如何尽快完成工作。

四. 英语基本构词法:派生词和复合词

Unit 4

重点短语

1. come true 实现

2. spend...on... 在……上花费……

3. be used for... 被用于……

4. so that 以便

5. all over the world 全世界

6. not only...but also... 不仅……而且……

7. come about 发生

8. solve problems 解决问题

9. the result of ... ……的结果

10. laugh at 嘲笑

11. share...with 与……分享……

12. find out 查明,弄清楚

13. digital camera 数码照相机

14. at night 在夜晚

15. as long as 只要

16. the rest of... 剩余的……

17. in space 在太空中

18. by spaceship 乘宇宙飞船

19. with one's own eyes 亲眼

20. in order to 为了

21. one day 有朝一日

22. grow up 长大

23. various shapes of... 不同形状的……,各式各样的……

24. by chance 偶然地

25. take part in 参加

26. (be) named after 以……命名

27. living condition 居住环境,生活条件

28. at a distance of 相距,在……的距离

29. search for 寻找,搜寻

30. what's worse 更糟糕的是

31. be worth 值得

32. travel around the earth 围绕地球旅行

33. send... into space 把……送往太空

34. make great progress 取得很大的进步

35. a large crowd 一大群人

36. set foot on 踏上

37. electronic controls 电子控制

38. master computer technology 掌握计算机技术

39. know little about 对……了解甚少

40. make up one's mind 下定决心

41. be dangerous to 对……很危险

42. come into being 形成

43. do business 经商

44. for instance 例如

45. as usual 像往常一样

46. for certain 肯定地

47. cause problems 引发问题

48. on one's own 凭借自己的力量

49. no longer 不再

句式梳理

1. be made of...

【解析】be made of... 意为“用……制造的”(从成品中仍可看得出原材料);与此类似的短语有be made from... 意为“用……制造的” (从成品中看不出原材料);be made by... 意为“由

(被)……制造”,后接表示人的名词或代词;be made in... 意为“在……制造”,后接表示时间或地点的名词;be made into... 意为“ (某物) 被制成……”。

2. It's said that...

【解析】It's said that ...意为“据说……”,与此结构类似的还有It's believed that ...; It's reported that ...; It's known that ...; It's thought that ...; It's expected that ...等。

3. None of

【解析】none 用于指人或物,可与of 短语连用,表示“没有,无”。作主语时,若和of 连用指的是不可数名词时,谓语动词用单数形式;若指可数名词时,谓语动词用单复数均可。

4. What引导的感叹句

【解析】what 引导的感叹句,一般有三种形式,此时what 为形容词,作定语,用来修饰它后面的名词或词组。

1、what+a/an+ 形容词+ 可数名词单数+ 主语+ 谓语!

2、what+ 形容词+ 不可数名词+ 主语+ 谓语!

3、what+ 形容词+ 可数名词复数+ 主语+谓语。

5. prefer...to...

【解析】prefer...to...喜欢……而不喜欢……;喜欢……胜过……,其中to 是介词, 后接名词、代词或动名词。prefer...to 连接两个对称的词或短语,常用句型有:

①prefer A to B“喜欢A 而不喜欢B”

②prefer doing sth“更喜欢做某事”

③prefer doing A to doing B “宁愿做A 也不愿做B”

7. There is no doubt that...

【解析】此句型为there be 句型和that 引导的同位语从句构成的复合句,句中的doubt意为“不确定,怀疑”,因此该句型意为“毫无疑问,……”。

精品句型

1. 谈论发明创造

(1) It's said that he invented more than two thousand things during his life.

据说在他的一生中,他发明了两千多件东西。

(2) Jack thinks inventing is interesting and exciting and he wants to be an inventor when he grows up.

杰克认为发明是一件有趣且令人兴奋的事情,他想长大后成为一个发明家。

2. 表达希望

(1) I think you should work hard and be more careful.

我认为你应该努力工作,并且细心一点。

(2) We suppose he is right because only he knows the fact.

我们都相信他是对的,因为只有他了解事实。

(3) My parents wish I can make great progress in my study.

我父母希望我能在学习上取得很大的进步。

(4) I hope your dream of being a teacher will be able to realize as soon as possible.

我希望你想成为一名老师的梦想能尽早实现。

3. 表达推断

(1) It's said that it is going to be colder this winter.

据说今年冬季会更冷。.

(2) It only proves that you are also cheating yourself.

这只能证明你们也在自我欺骗!

(3) There is no doubt that he will try his best to help the poor children.

毫无疑问,他会尽力帮助这些可怜的孩子们。

语法运用

一. 一般过去时的被动语态

一般过去时的被动语态表示过去某一时间的被动动作或过去经常性、习惯性的被动动作。它一般分为四种情况:

1. 肯定句

一般过去时的被动语态的肯定句的基本结构为“主语+ was/were + 动词的过去分词+ by + 动作执行者”。当不需要说明动作的执行者时,可省去“by + 动作执行者”。

例如:This car was made in China.

这辆车是在中国制造的。

2. 否定句

一般过去时的被动语态变为否定句时只需在was / were 后面加not。

例如:This car was not made in China.

这辆车不是在中国制造的。

3. 一般疑问句

一般过去时的被动语态变为一般疑问句时将was 或were 移到主语前。

例如:Was this car made in China?

这辆车是在中国制造的吗?

4. 特殊疑问句

一般过去时的被动语态的特殊疑问句结构为:“特殊疑问词(组)+ was / were + 主语+动词的过去分词?”。

例如:Where was this car made?

这辆车是哪里制造的?

二. 一般将来时的被动语态

【观察】

1. The bridge will be finished in a few days.

这座桥将于几天后完工。

2. The problem is going to be discussed at the meeting.

那个问题将在会上讨论。

3. We all know a new building is about to be built here.

我们都知道一座新大楼将要建于这里。

4. The sports meeting is to be held in October.

运动会将于10 月举行。

【总结】

一般将来时的被动语态表示“……将要被……”,其常用的表达形式有以下几种:

1. 主语+ will/shall + be /get done (表示意想不到的要发生的事情)

2. 主语+ be going to be + done (表示按计划或安排发生的被动动作)

3. 主语+ be about to be + done (指将要发生的事情)

4. 主语+ be to be + done (表示按计划或安排发生的被动动作)

三. that, which, who

引导的定语从句

在英语中的复合句中,有从句跟在某个先行词(通常是名词或代词)后,对这个先行词进行修饰限定,这个从句就叫做定语从句。关系代词that,which 和who 都可以引导定语从句。

它们在从句中既可以做主语,也可以作宾语。主要的不同在于who 只能指代人,which 只能指代物,而that 既可以指代人,也可以指代物,因此常与who 及which 互换。

例如:

1. This is my friend Jack who/that I mentioned before.

这就是我以前提过的我的朋友杰克。

2. The picture which/that is on the wall is very beautiful.

墙上的图画非常漂亮。

当然也有一些特殊情况只能用某个特定的先行词,现列举如下:

1. 以下情况的定语从句常用that 引导而不用which:

(1) 先行词是不定代词all, little, much, every-thing, nothing, anything 等时;

(2) 先行词被形容词最高级、序数词、the very, the only, the last 或all, every, any, little, no 等修饰时;

(3) 先行词既有人又有物时。

2. 先行词在从句中作介词的宾语且介词前置时,只能用which 或whom 引导。

例如:

(1) This is the paper on which we write.

这就是我们用来书写的纸张。

(2) These are the poor students for whom we bought the books.

这些就是我们为之购买书籍的贫困学生。

(完整word版)初中英语重点短语和句型.pdf

初中英语重点短语、句型汇总 初中英语重点短语、句型汇总 短语、词组归纳 由动词开头构成的短语、词组很多。复习时应分类处理: 一、动词+介词 1.lookat…看…,looklike…看上去像……,lookafter…照料… 2.listento…听…… 3.welcometo…欢迎到…… 4.sayhelloto…向……问好 5.speakto…对……说话 此类短语相当于及物动词,其后必须带宾语,但宾语无论是名词还是代词,都要放在介词之后。 二、动词+副词 “动词+副词”所构成的短语义分为两类: A.动词(vt.)+副词 1.puton穿上 2.takeoff脱下 3.writedown记下 此类短语可以带宾语,宾语若是名词,放在副词前后皆可;宾语若是人称代词,只能放在副词的前 面。 B.动词(vi)+副词。 https://www.doczj.com/doc/1512487928.html,eon赶快 2.getup起床 3.gohome回家 https://www.doczj.com/doc/1512487928.html,ein进来 5.sitdown坐下 6.standup起立 此类短语属于不及物动词,不可以带宾语。 三、其它类动词词组 1.closethedoor 2.1ookthesame 3.gotowork/class 4.beill 5.havealook/seat 6.havesupper 7.1ookyoung8.goshopping9.watchTV/games 10.playgames 四、介词短语 “介词+名词/代词”所构成的短语称为介词短语。现将Unitsl-16常用的介词短语按用法进行归类。 1.in+语言/颜色/衣帽等,表示使用某种语言或穿着……。 2.in+Row/Team/Class/Grade等,表示“在……排/队/班级/年级”等。 3.inthemorning/afternoon/evening/表示“在上午/下午/傍晚”等一段时间。 4.inthedesk/pencil-box/bedroom等表示“在书桌/铅笔盒/卧室里”。 5.inthetree表示“在树上(非树本身所有)”;onthetree表示“在树上(为树本身所有)”。 6.inthewall表示“在墙上(凹陷进去)”;onthewall表示“在墙上(指墙的表面)”。 7.atwork(在工作)/atschool(上学)/athome(在家)应注意此类短语中无the。 8.at+时刻表示钟点。 9.likethis/that表示方式,意为“像……这/那样”。 10.of短语表示所属关系。 11.behind/beside/near/under+名词等,表示方位、处所。 12.from与to多表示方向,前者意为“从……”,后者意为“到……”。 另外,以下这些短语也必须掌握。如:onduty,afterbreakfast,atnight,atthedoor,inthemiddle,inthesky,onone’sbike等。 五、重点短语 1.kindsof各种各样的 2.either…or…或者……或者……,不是……就是…… 3.neither…nor…既不……也不……

英语语法短语及句型整理汇总

巫不民族学校2013-2014学年度第二学期 八年级英语复习资料2014.6.24 1.in front of在....前面注意区别:in the front of e.g. I was afraid to speak in front of my classmates. 2.ask sb. for sth.向...寻求... ask sb to do sth e.g. have you ever asked your teacher for help? 3.do sth by doing sth.通过(做)...(方式)做... e.g. I learning English by studying grammar. 4.too...to do..太...而不能做... e.g. I’m too tired to do well. 5.watch sb. do sth.看...做过了... e.g. I can watch the actors say the words. 6.see sb. doing sth.看见...正在做.... see sb do sth 看见...做过了.... e.g. Today after school I saw my mother cooking in kitchen. 7.get excited变得兴奋、激动 e.g. When we excited about something and then end up runing. 8.end up doing sth结束(做).... e.g. I spend two days ending up doing work. 9.finish doing sth. 完成(做)... e.g. I spend a lot of time finishing my homework. 10.end up with 以....为结束(告终) e.g. The dream ends up with the voice of alarm. 11.make mistakes in sth.在...(上)犯错 e.g. I often make mistakes in study. 12.be afraid to do sth害怕做.... e.g. The man who is not afraid to fail can be successful. 13.be afraid that +句子害怕... e.g. I’m afraid that he won’t come back tomorrow. 14.challenge sb. to 跟....挑战做.... 15.....one of ....之一 e.g. Studying grammar is one of the best ways to learn English. 16.make up of ...由...构成... e.g. The English words made up of twenty-six letters. 17.impress sb with sth 给...留下印象 e.g. I impressed my teacher with my honesty. 19.deal with 处理、应付 e.g. How do you deal with your problems in life ? 20.have an influence on/in 对...有影响 e.g. The weather will have a bad influence on the local people. 21.regard...as..把...视、看作... e.g. I usually regard problems as challenges. https://www.doczj.com/doc/1512487928.html,ed to do过去常常做....(现在不做了) e.g. I used to be afraid of the dog. 23.be use to doing =get used to doing 习惯于做.... e.g. I’m used to reading books. 24.be used to do ...被用于做... 25.be used for doing被用于做.... e.g. A pen is used to write. e.g. A pen is used for writing. 26.sth be used by sb. ....被....使用 e.g. My motorbike is used by my brother. 27.be afraid of 害怕.... e.g. I can’t be afraid of swimming. 28.be sure of 对...有把握 e.g. I’m sure of becoming a English teacher. 29.be sure to do 肯定能做.... e.g. I’m sure to change my life. 30.be sure that+句子确信、肯定.. e.g. I am sure that he will make mistakes in study. 31.be interested in对...感兴趣interesting修饰物品 e.g. He is interested in the history book. 32.be terrified of害怕... e.g. Everyone is terrified of death. 33.be afraid to do =be afraid of doing 害怕做..... e.g. He is afraid to stay at home alone. e.g. He is afraid of staying at home alone. 34.spend time in doing sth花费时间、金钱做.... 35.spend time on sth花费时间、金钱在....上 e.g. I usually spend much time on study, but I still can not study well. e.g. She often spend much time in doing her homework. 36.not...any more..不再... e.g. Jim isn’t mad at me anynore. 37.in the last few years在过去的几年里(常用于现在完成时) e.g. Have you ever been changed in the last few years? 38.worry about =be worried about 担心、忧... e.g. Will you be worried about me? 39.make sb do sth让...做... 40.It’s much more difficult to do ....做....困难得多 e.g. It’s much more difficult to study grammar.

高中英语常用短语和句型归纳总结(完整版)

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人教版九年级英语重点短语和句型

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高考英语词汇、短语与句型—20个常考句型句型1 would rather that somebody did…"宁愿……;更愿意……"(表示现在或将来的愿望) would rather that somebody had done…"宁愿……;更愿意……"(表示过去的愿望) 例句] I'd rather you posted the letter right now. 我想让你现在去寄信。 I'd rather that I hadn't seen her yesterday. 我情愿昨天没有看到她。 句型2 as if/though+主语+did/had done…好像……(表示现在或将来的情况用过去时;表示过去的情况用过去完成时) 参考句型4] 例句] Our head teacher treats us as if we were her own children, so all the students in our class think highly of her. Alan talked about Rome as if he had been there. Alan谈起罗马来就好像他去过那里似的。 句型3 "wish +宾语从句",表示不大可能实现的愿望 表示现在的愿望:主语+过去时; 表示过去的愿望:主语+had done; 表示将来的愿望:主语+would/could do 例句] How I wish we students had more free time to relax ourselves! 我们学生多么希望有更多的自由时间放松自己! I failed in the maths exam. How I wish I hadn't wasted so much time playing! 句型4 It's high/about time that somebody did (should do) (should通常不省略) …早就该…… 例句] It's time that you went to school.= It's time that you should go to school.

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