1. Leading man
男一号
Wang Jianlin, China’s richest man, wants to be a movie mogul
Sep 28th 2013 |From The Economist the print edition
中国首富王健林想成为电影大亨
IT IS not exactly the most glamorous place to build a film studio. Qingdao, a sooty industrial port along China’s north-eastern coast that was once colonised by the Germans, is better known as the home of Haier, the world’s biggest maker of domestic appliances, and Tsingtao, a leading Chinese brewery, than as a crucible of the creative arts. And yet this is where the country’s richest man is building China’s answer to Hollywood.
青岛不是一个修建电影拍摄基地最富魅力的理想之地，它是一座位于中国东北的海滨工业港口城市，烟尘遍地，曾一度沦为德国的殖民地。青岛出名并非因为它是一个创新艺术的锤炼之地，而是因为海尔和青岛啤酒公司的总部均设于此。前者是全球最大的家用电器生产商，后者是一家首屈一指的啤酒酿造公司。
Wang Jianlin, the boss of Dalian Wanda, a Chinese multinational that made its money in the property business, clearly wants to be a media mogul. Last year his firm acquired AMC Theaters, an American cinema chain, for $2.6 billion. In June it also agreed to buy Sunseeker, a British yacht-maker whose sleek craft have featured in James Bond films. He has just made a $20m donation to the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences, which runs the Oscars award ceremonies.
万达集团是中国一家房地产跨国公司，作为该集团的老总，王健林很显然想成为媒体大亨。去年他的公司用26亿收购了美国连锁电影院ACM电影院。同年6月同意收购英国的一个游艇制造商——Sunseeker,该制作商提供的游艇成为了007系列电影的经典。他还给动画艺术与科学实验学院捐了两千万美元，作为奥斯卡颁奖典礼的筹办资金。
But his boldest move came at a red-carpet ceremony in Qingdao on September 22nd featuring such Hollywood stars as Nicole Kidman, Leonardo DiCaprio, John Travolta and Catherine Zeta-Jones. Mr Wang announced plans to build a 50 billion yuan ($8.2 billion) entertainment complex. The massive project, dubbed the Qingdao Oriental Movie Metropolis, would include 20 film studios, cinemas, a theme park, hotels and wax museums. If all goes to plan, it will be open by mid-2017. （1）
但他最大胆的举措在于9月22日在青岛举办的那场隆重的典礼，好莱坞众星出席了典礼，有妮可·基德曼、莱昂纳多·迪卡普里奥、约翰·特拉沃尔塔、凯瑟琳·泽塔琼斯等。王健林宣称将花五百亿人民币来建一个娱乐中心，这项被冠予“青岛东方电影都市”的巨大工程，包括20间电影制作室、电影院、一个主题公园、酒店和蜡像馆。如果一切按计划进行，到2017年中期就可以对外开放了。
By luring stars and producers to China (it is rumoured that his firm spent tens of millions of dollars on this glitzy event), Dalian Wanda is hoping to persuade American studios to enter into film-making collaborations. They may have to tailor their offerings to please state censors, but there are powerful incentives at work too.
通过吸引外国影星和制片人到中国来（据传万达在这件众人瞩目的事情上花了上百万美元），大连万达集团希望能说服美国电影制作商与之携手合作。他们可能要修改自己的作品以通过国家审查制度，但在工作上会有很诱人激励政策。
Foreign studios are drooling at the prospect of gaining more access to the booming Chinese film market, whose ticket sales rose by over a third last year to $2.7 billion. At the moment, the government strictly limits the number of foreign films that may be released in mainland cinemas each year. By getting into bed with Mr Wang, whose firm wields a lot of political clout (and also owns around 6,000 screens across China), they are hoping to gain much greater access. （2）
中国电影市场日益扩大，去年票房收入达到27亿美元，增加了不止三分之一。外国制作商在垂涎着这个市场，希望有更多途径接触到中国电影市场。与此同时，政府严格限制每年在大陆电影院上映的外国片，因此他们希望通过同王健林合作寻求更大的成功，因为王健林的公司受政治影响小且在中国拥有6000块电影银幕。
Dalian Wanda’s ambitions extend beyond that, though. The firm signed deals with several Western talent agencies representing prominent writers, producers, actors and directors, hoping they will help it come up with co-productions that benefit from a sprinkling of Hollywood magic. In time, Mr Wang wants his Qingdao studios to make films that will become blockbusters not just inside China, but globally.
然而大连万达集团的野心远不止于此，它已跟几家集杰出作家、制片人、演员和导演为一体的西方人才机构签约，希望这些人才借助一点好莱坞成功秘诀，和作出好的作品。同时，王健林希望他的青岛制作室制作出一鸣惊人的电影，不仅在国内，更是在全球范围内。
Will Mr Wang become the Middle Kingdom’s answer to Howard Hughes? “There is no single company in the whole world that has a big-scale production base, and at the same time has screening an d distribution channels,” he declared grandly. “Wanda Group is the first one in the world.” Through Qingdao’s choking haze, watch this space. (3)
王健林能成为霍华德·休斯那样的神话人物吗？“世界上唯一一个既有大规模生产基地，同时有筛查和分销渠道的公司，”他自豪地说，“万达集团将是第一个。”
2. China's new phase of panda diplomacy
3. 中国熊猫外交新阶段
By Melissa Hogenboom Science reporter, BBC News
For more than half a century, China has used its pandas to help foster relationships with other countries. These diplomatic loans are now entering a new phase, according to researchers.
The cuddly creatures attract a lot of attention. They're conservation icons and boost a zoo's brand.
半个多世纪以来，中国用熊猫来促进同各国的关系。据研究者表明，这些熊猫租借正在进入一个新的阶段。
In fact, Edinburgh's loaned giant panda Tian Tian has even become a bit of a celebrity as the world watches with interest to see if she might give birth soon. （4）
事实上，爱丁堡向中方租借的大熊猫天天甚至成了一位名人，世界各国人们怀着好奇心关注着它，看它是否繁殖下后代了。
Ever since the founder of China's communist party, Mao Zedong, used pandas as a way of entering into political discussions with other countries, the animal has been a national treasure.
Just this week, China showed off 14 giant panda cubs that had been artificially bred at a research centre in Sichuan province.
Edinburgh's panda deal was criticised at the time by environmental groups, which said it was more about commerce than conservation. （5）
自中国共产党创始人毛泽东把熊猫作为与其他国家共商政治大事的媒介后，熊猫就成为了国宝。就在这周，中国向世界展示了14只在四川研究中心由人工饲养长大的熊猫幼崽。爱丁堡熊猫交易当时受到了环境保护主义者的批评，他们说商业目的多于保护目的。
Now a team from Oxford has quantified the new wave of panda diplomacy in a research article published in Environmental Practice. The team says panda diplomacy is only set to grow.
The researchers looked at all the panda loans that had occurred in the last half-century and at the trade taking place since 2008. This was when the Sichuan earthquake devastated the main panda conservation centre, which meant many pandas needed
re-homing.
The team found that, after 2008, panda loans coincided with trade deals for valuable resources and technology.
This new stage is based on "guanxi" loans, a Chinese term used to describe personalised networks of influence, trust, reciprocity and loyalty. （6）
《环境务实》刊登了一篇研究报告：来自牛津的一支小组对熊猫外交新潮做了量化统计。小组成员说，熊猫外交只会越来越频繁。
这些研究者看了过去50年的熊猫租借数据和2008年后为重建熊猫家园而进行的熊猫贸易，在四川地震中熊猫主要保护中心被摧毁了。
该小组成员还发现，2008年后的熊猫租借还成了换取有价值资源和科技的贸易。
这个新阶段建立在“关系”租借的基础上。“关系”是中国的一个术语，用来描述有影响力、互信互惠和忠诚的个人化交际网。
Shared bond
责任分担
Lead author Kathleen Buckingham at Oxford University, UK, says that sharing the care of such a precious animal strengthens the bonds that China has with its "inner circle" of countries.
"In many ways China is testing the global technological capacity through panda loans. The USA has proved its capability and technological prowess to China with the birth of its panda cub. Can Edinburgh do the same?" （7）
Edinburgh Zoo received its pandas in 2011. An agreed annual sum, paid to the Chinese government, is earmarked for giant panda conservation projects in the wild.
But shortly after the panda exchange occurred, claim the researchers, trade deals were signed for salmon, renewable energy technology and Land Rover vehicles - contracts worth an estimated ￡2.6bn ($4bn).
A Scottish government spokesman told BBC News: "Strengthening our relationship will bring substantial benefits to both countries. We are committed to working hard to deepen existing ties and establish new areas of cooperation - an approach that is clearly paying dividends."
They add that Scottish exports to China have almost doubled in the past five years to ￡500m ($800m). （8）
来自英国牛津大学的首席作家凯思琳·贝克汉姆说，共同分担这样一种珍稀动物的保护责任加强了中国与内圈国家的关系。
中国在通过熊猫租借以各种方式考验着全球的科技水平。美国已用诞下熊猫幼崽的事实证明了自己的实力和高超的科技水平，爱丁堡也能做到吗？
爱丁堡动物园在2011年接收了熊猫。爱丁堡与中国政府达成协议，每年支付一笔金额，被指定用作户外大熊猫保护工程的资金。
但研究者称，熊猫交易结束不久后，他们还签订了鲑鱼、清洁能源技术和兰德·路华车（英国越野车）协议，总价达26亿英镑。
一位苏格兰政府亿元告诉BBC新闻社：“加强中英关系会给双方带来实质性利益。我们正致力于加深现有的关系，并着手开展新的合作领域，这无疑是一个盈利的途径。”
他们补充说苏格兰对中国出口在过去5年达到了5亿英镑，几乎翻了两番。
Uranium deals
铀交易
The researchers also say that panda loans in Canada, France and Australia coincided with trade deals for uranium, which China needs to enable it to increase its nuclear capacity by 2050. Japan also received two pandas from China in 2011, and both countries stated that they hoped the loan would improve relations soured by a sovereignty dispute over islands.
研究者还说中国向加拿大、法国、澳大利亚出借熊猫换取铀，使得到2025年中国核实力增强。日本在2011年也借到2只熊猫，中日都称希望通过此次交易缓和由钓鱼岛主权争端引起的紧张关系。
The pandas are not simply exchanged in a straightforward quid pro quo for the supply of natural resources to China - the reality is much more subtle, says Dr Buckingham. （9）
熊猫不仅仅是一件换取自然资源供应的简单抵偿物，事实要复杂得很，贝克汉姆博士说。
"The panda can be used to seal the deal and signify a bid for a long and prosperous relationship. If a panda is given to the country, it does not signify the closing of a deal - they have entrusted an endangered, precious animal to the country; it signifies in some ways a new start to the relationship."
熊猫可以用来签署协议，意味着为长远的友好关系投标。将熊猫赠与英国并不意味着协议的结束——他们把一只濒危的珍稀动物委托给一个国家，从某种程度上讲，意味着两国关系重新开始。
She argues that China is interested in having "soft power influence through a global visual seal of approval" gained from loaning pandas. （10）
她认为中国对在全球支持下通过熊猫租借增强软实力的影响力表示感兴趣。
"Since 2008, China has needed to re-house pandas. Whether the housing issue is still pertinent or not, this wave has made it evident that China has a lot to gain through panda loans," Dr Buckingham told BBC News.
Roderic Wye of the Asia programme at Chatham house, an independent think-tank focusing on international affairs, says China is now confident enough not to explicitly need panda loans to secure agreements on trade. （11）
"Of course there's an element of politicking associated with pandas but it's difficult to draw a direct correlation. The loans earn China soft-power brownie points at no real cost to themselves," he told BBC News.
Dean Cheng from the Heritage Foundation, a conservative think-tank in Washington DC, comments: "It is not surprising that China would take advantage of this resource. If this leads to panda conservation，that is a good thing. At the same time, the Chinese can assume the mantle of responsible environmentalism, which，given other Chinese behaviour, is probably not a bad thing to lay claim to," he adds. （12）
“自2008年后，中国就需要为熊猫重建家园了。不管建设家园这个话题是否依然有关，这次熊猫租借新潮很明显说明了中国从中受益匪浅。”贝克汉姆向BBC说。
罗德里克·瓦伊在查姆塔研究所（一个关注国际事件的独立智囊团）的亚洲项目小组工作，他说中国现在已有足够的信心不用明确需要熊猫来确保贸易的达成。
“当然熊猫交易中参杂一些政治因素，但很难找出直接联系。熊猫租借使得中国不用付出任何代价提升了软实力。”他向BBC新闻社说。
Transparency call
呼吁透明度
The loan to Edinburgh was the first of its kind in 17 years. The day of the pandas' arrival on a specially chartered flight was even covered by rolling live news.
熊猫租借是爱丁堡17年中首次此类交易。熊猫被包机空运抵达爱丁堡的那天，连滚动新闻直播也报道了这个消息。
This positive atmosphere creates the perfect setting for subsequent trade negotiations, says Henry Nicholls, author of The Way of the Panda: The Curious History of China's Political Animal.
这种积极的氛围为持续的交易协商创造了完美的背景，《熊猫之旅：政治外交动物的传奇史》的作者亨利·尼科尔斯说。
But he says that the conservation value of such loans is "dubious" as there is a "total lack of transparency" over where the money goes. （13）
但他还说这些租借得到的保护经费很有可疑性，因为钱的流向“透明度为零”。
"We know roughly where the money goes, but does the zoo have any say in how it is broken down and whether the money is working the hardest it possibly can? We have absolutely no idea about that."
“我们大体知道钱的流向，但是在涉及动物园破损程度和动物园是否钱尽其用这些方面动物园有发言权吗？我们根本不知道这些。”
He adds that China's influence on other countries will "continue to strengthen" as it brings panda diplomacy to a whole new level.
他补充说随着熊猫外交上升到一个全新的层面，中国对外关系将“继续增强”。
"China's expansion across the globe - and its use of pandas - has become more obvious and the motivation for the loans has become muddied. They are no longer just about conservation, but become increasingly bound up with political and economic ambitions." （14）
中国向全球进军和使用熊猫外交的策略越来越明显了，熊猫租借的动机也变得模棱两可。他们不仅仅出于保护熊猫的目的，更是参杂了越来越多的政治经济目的。
“四字格”翻译 （一）并列关系 名山大川famous mountains and great rivers 名胜古迹scenic spots and historical sites 湖光山色landscape of lakes and hills 青山绿水green hills and clear waters 奇松怪石strangely-shaped pines and grotesque rock formations 平等互利equality and mutual benefit 扬长避短play up strengths and avoid weaknesses 反腐倡廉fight corruption and build a clean government 简政放权streamline administration and institute decentralization 集思广益draw on collective wisdon and absorb all useful ideas 国泰民安the country flourish and the people live in peace and harmony 政通人和the government functions well and people cooperate well 国计民生national welfare and the people’s livelihood 辞旧迎新bid farewell to the old year and usher in the new 徇私舞弊bend the law for personal gain and engage in fraud 流连忘返linger on with no thought of leaving for home 国际局势复杂多变the complex and volatile international situation 开拓进取blaze new trails and forge ahead
The Art of Living The art of living is to know when to hold fast and when to let go. For life is a paradox: it enjoins us to cling to its many gifts even while it ordains their eventual relinquishment. The rabbis of old put it this way: " A man comes to this world with his fist clenched, but when he dies, his hand is open." 生活的艺术在于懂得何时紧紧抓住，何时放手。生活就是一个悖论：它要我们抓住生命赐予的礼物，却又要在最后一一放手。古时的犹太拉比说：“人来到这个世上时紧握着拳头，但当他离去时，手又松开了。” Surely we ought to hold fast to life, for it is wondrous, and full of a beauty that breaks through every pore of God's own earth. 当然我们应紧紧抓住生命，因为它让人惊奇，并且充满了美，它散落在上帝所创造的每一寸土地上的。 We know that this is so, but all too often we recognize this truth only in our backward glance when we remember what was and then suddenly realize that it is no more. 我们知道确实如此，但是我们总在回首时才意识到，过去的一切我们仍然记得，但却明白了一切不再如此。 We remember a beauty that faded, a love that waned. But we remember with far greater pain that we did not see that beauty when it flowered, that we failed to respond with love when it was tendered. 我们会记起的，是一种凋谢的美，一份逝去的爱。当美绽放时我们并没有去留意这份美，当爱情来临时我们未能报之以爱。回想这些，我们会更加心痛。 Here then is the first pole of life's paradoxical demands on us: Never too busy for the wonder and the awe of life. 生活给我们的第一个矛盾的真理：永远不要因为太过忙碌而错过了人生的奇迹与壮丽。 Be reverent before each dawning day. Embrace each hour. Seize each golden minute. 崇敬每一天。拥抱每一小时。抓紧每一分钟。 Hold fast to life... but not so fast that you cannot let go. This is the second side of life's coin, the opposite pole of its paradox: we must accept our losses, and learn how to let go. 牢牢抓住人生，但不要抓得太紧，免得到时候不能放手。放手是人生硬币的另一面，是人生矛盾的另一极：我们必须接受失去并学会放手。 And ultimately, as the parable of the open and closed hand suggests, we must confront the inevitability of our own demise, losing ourselves as it were, all that we were or dreamed to be.
第三次作业 1. 确定下列正确的翻译。“眼不见，心不念。” A. Eye for eye, tooth for tooth. B. Out of sight, out of mind. C. No pains, no gains. D. No eyes,no borning. 2. 英语中表示知觉、情欲、欲望等心理状态的形容词，在联系动词后作表语用时，往往可 以转译成汉语的______。 A. 形容词 B. 名词 C. 动词 D. 数量词 3. 在现代英语中，常常用一个表示具体形象的词来表示一种属性、一个事物或一种概念。 翻译这类词时，一般可将其词义作_________，译文才能流畅、自然。 A. 抽象化的引申 B. 具体化的引申 C. 抽象化的扩大 D. 具体化的引申 4. 在选择词义时，要根据上下文联系以及在句中的________来选择和确定词义。 A. 位置 B. 搭配关系 C. 特殊性
D. 普遍性 5. 英译汉时，有时会遇到某些词在英语词典上找不到适当的词义，这时候就应根据 _______，从该词的根本含义出发，进一步加以引申，选择比较恰当的汉语词汇来表达。 A. 上下文 B. 逻辑关系 C. 在句中位置 D. 上下文和逻辑关系 6. 在下列句子中的"make up" 表达什么含义？If the stove isn't made up, it will go out. A. 捏造 B. 修好 C. 添加 D. 组成 7. 英语和汉语比较起来，汉语中_____用的比较多，这是一个特点。 A. 名词 B. 动词 C. 形容词 D. 量词 8. 英语动词的时态靠________变化或加________来表达的。 A. 动词词形、后缀 B. 助动词、动词词形
繁衍生息live and multiply/reproduce 改朝换代changes of dynasties 穷兵黩武wantonly engage in military aggression; use all one’s armed might to indulge in wars of aggression 雅俗共赏appeal to both refined and popular tastes 与日俱增increase with each passing day, be steadily on the increase 极目远眺look as far as the eye can see 按资排辈to assign priority according to seniority 求同存异seeking common ground while putting aside differences 流连忘返linger on; be too delighted to leave 乐不思蜀too delighted to be homesick 不屈节操unyielding moral principle 赴汤蹈火go through fire and water 殊死奋战fight desperately; fight to death 可歌可泣moved one to songs and tears 英勇卓绝heroic and splendid 插科打诨comic parts 精微深奥profound and abstruse 博大精深extensive and profound 源远流长run a long history 天下为公The world belongs to all the people. 天下兴亡匹夫有责Every man has a duty to his country. 预防为主prevention first 综合治理comprehensive control/management 全面推进entire/all-round push-on 重点突破breakthrough at key points 亲仁善邻cordiality, benevolence and good neighborliness 和睦相处living in harmony with others 强不凌弱The strong should not oppress the weak and the rich should not bully the poor. 协和万邦All nations live side by side in perfect harmony. 海纳百川有容乃大One should be as inclusive as the ocean, which is vast because it admits hundreds of rivers. 兼收并蓄embrace everything that is useful 光阴似箭Time flies like an arrow. /How time files! 吃苦耐劳hard work and enduring hardship 勤俭持家run the household industriously and frugally 尊师重教respect teachers and attach importance to education 当务之急urgent; imminent 不谋而合coincide with 莘莘学子students 青春洋溢young 书香浓郁academic/cultural atmosphere 朝气蓬勃 充满活力dynamic; vigorous
《形合和意合的差异与英汉互译》---英语专业论文范文 关键词：英汉互译形合意合语篇 摘要：由于英语语篇讲究形合，汉语语篇讲究意合，两种语言在联句成篇上的明显差异导致英汉互译不是原文单词与译文单词的对译，而是两种语言的语篇动态对译。掌握两者的差异，有助于更准确地理解原文，更地道地构建译文。 关键词：英汉；互译；形合；意合；语篇 一、引言 语言是文化的载体，任何一种语言都反映了与其相应的文化。西方人重形式分析和逻辑推理，强调“由一到多”的思维传统。在处理问题上，注意把具体问题从总体中分离出来，把极复杂的问题划分为比较简单的形式和部分，然后逐一去研究；汉民族讲究“天人合一”，重视整体思维，注重心理时空的思维方式。在处理问题上，注意从整体上，从一事物与他事物的联系上加以认识，予以解决。英汉民族思维模式的差异导致两种语言在结构上差异明显。英语讲究形合，语法显性，而汉语则注重“意合”，语法隐性。所谓形合，指的是句中的词语或分句之间用语言形式手段（如关联词）连接起来，表达语法意义和逻辑关系。汉语讲究意合。所谓意合，指的是词语或分句之间不用语言形式手段连接，句中的语法意义和逻辑关系通过词语或分句的含义表达。形合和意合的差异是英汉在语言学上最重要的一个区别。 二、英汉语篇形合与意合差异对英汉互译的影响 任何语言都不是独立地使用一种固定的表达模式来传递语言信息的，而是两种模式的混合自由作用。但是受文化背景、思维模式的影响，在表达过程中会表现出不同的特点。英语重形合，汉语重意合。英语行文注重结构、形式，注重显性接应，以形显意，语义连贯诉诸理性，因而句子结构严谨、完整。汉语行文注重功能、意义，注重隐性连贯，以神统形，语义连贯诉诸意向，因而汉语句子比较简洁，少用甚至不用形式连接手段。英汉在语篇的连句表意中彰显出不同的表达特色。可见英汉互译不是原文单词与译文单词的对译，而是两种语言的语篇动态对译。成功的译文应在意义上与原文等值，在遣词造句上看不出硬译的痕迹，符合译文行文要求和表达习惯，做到“信、达、雅”，即：忠实原文的实质精神，表达充分又确切，文字优雅流畅。 英汉形合、意合的差异导致汉译英时，若不加分析，一概完整地逐字、逐词、逐句照译，势必出现“汉化英语”，译文成为英文语篇中的破句或电报语，而英译汉时，则出现“英化汉语”，原文中所存在的连词在译文语篇中显得有些苍白，甚至累赘，失去了语言的简洁性、紧凑性。翻译实践证明，大量句子英汉互译时，往往需要在语篇中重新构建符合译文语言特点的表达。 1. 句子主语的调整。 英汉语句子均由主语和谓语两大部分组成，但英汉语句子主谓之间的句法关系差异明显。英语重形合，句子的主谓之间存有强制性的一致关系，决定谓语动词的人称形式和数形式，因此英语句子的主语在句中一般是不可或缺的。它是如此地不可或缺，以致当主语因修辞原因而移位时，甚至要使用形式主语来补足空位。汉语重意合，句子的主谓之间没有强制性的一致关系，主语对谓语动词的形式没有决定作用，句法地位并不十分重要，在语境（包括上下文、情景语境、常识与背景知识等）中为交际双方所共知的主语常常省去，以意承脉，因而汉语中存在大量的无主句或主语省略句。如以下汉语中的无主句，译成英语时则要补出主语。 （1）好，不再说了吧；要落泪了，真想念北平呀！ （老舍，想北平） Now，let me leave off writing，for I am on the point of shedding tears. How I miss. Peiping! （2）凭窗站了一会儿，微微的觉得凉意侵人。 （冰心，笑） Standing at the window for a while，I felt a bit chilly. （3）It is hard to find out what any county can door will do next. （Lord Dunsany：The Greatest Invention） 很难预料一个国家能做什么或是接着会干什么。 2. 句式上的调整。 意合在形态上是平级配列，而形合在形态上是次级配列。汉语的句子以说话者的意念为主轴，形成一种意念机制，表
大学英语第四次作业及答案R2 开始时间2013年09月29日星期日09:09 完成于2013年09月29日星期日09:35 耗时26 分钟7 秒 分数20.0/20.0 成绩100.0/满分100.0 反馈您已完成答题！具体成绩和答案会在测验截至后公布。 窗体顶端 题目1 正确 获得1.0分中的1.0分 Flag question 题干 I was satisfied with her explanation, _________. 选择一项： a. so were my classmates b. so did my classmates c. so my classmates did d. so my classmates were 题目2 正确 获得1.0分中的1.0分 Flag question 题干 We all thought ____ a pity that you were unable to attend our meeting.
选择一项： a. that b. this c. it d. which 题目3 正确 获得1.0分中的1.0分 Flag question 题干 When father was young, he ______from morning till night. 选择一项： a. was made working b. made to work c. was made work d. was made to work 题目4 正确 获得1.0分中的1.0分 Flag question 题干 Would you like something_________ ? 选择一项： a. drinking b. for drinking
翻译作业 1．His acceptance of bribes led to his arrest 他接受贿赂导致被捕。. 2．Computers have changed the way we work and play. 电脑改变了我们工作和娱乐的方式。 3．She turned towards me immediately. The elegance of every moment of her limbs and body as soon as she began to advance from the far end of the room., set me in a flutter of expectation to see her face clearly. 她立即转向我。每当她开始从房间的尽头往前走时，她每一刻举手投足的优雅都吸引着我想把她的脸看清楚。 4．The flowers smells sweet. 花香四溢。 5．It tastes too much of garlic. 蒜味很重。 6．He didn’t look or act like his usual sel f—his face was very red, his hat was on the back of his head, his hair was wildly rumpled. 他看上去和行为都和他往常不一样--面色绯红，帽子后戴，头发凌乱。 7．We are faintly conscious of the fact that this is a smallish island country.
1 “四字格”翻译 2 （一）并列关系 3 名山大川 famous mountains and great rivers 4 名胜古迹 scenic spots and historical sites 5 湖光山色 landscape of lakes and hills 6 青山绿水 green hills and clear waters 7 奇松怪石 strangely-shaped pines and grotesque rock formations 8 平等互利 equality and mutual benefit 9 扬长避短 play up strengths and avoid weaknesses 10 反腐倡廉 fight corruption and build a clean government 11 简政放权 streamline administration and institute decentralization 12 集思广益 draw on collective wisdon and absorb all useful ideas 13 国泰民安 the country flourish and the people live in peace and 14 harmony 15 16 政通人和 the government functions well and people cooperate well 17 国计民生national welfare and the people’s livelihood 18 辞旧迎新 bid farewell to the old year and usher in the new
１． 私か田舎から北京へ来て、またたく間に6年になる。その間、耳に聞き目に見た国家の大事になるものは数えてみれば相当あった。 ２． 動物はそれなりにその生活条件に適応している。その中でも自然条件が動物に与える影響は大きいものである。ところが人類は、生まれっいて文化環境の中に暮らす。すなわち自然環境と接する場合にも、その間に文化というものが媒介するのである。文化は言語によって仲間に、又時代に伝えられる。人類は其れによって気まぐれな自然の脅威から巧みに身を守ってきた。人類から文化を取り除いてしまえば、これほど無カで臆病な動物が あるだろうか。 ３． 地図を調べてみても、人間が歩いていけそうな距離には村なんてない。其れなのに、人が歩いている。荷物らしい荷物も持たずに、頭に何かを載せただけで、ただただ歩いている。 ４． 私は彼女と長年苦しく愛し合っていたが、この愛は彼女を傷つけた。その分、私自身も傷つけられた。 ５ ジェトロ青島事務所の開設を記念いたしまして、講演会のご案内をいたしましたところ、かくも多、くの皆様に御参集いただき、厚くお礼を申し上げます。各界を代表するご高名の方がお見えでございます。いちいちお名前を申し上げませんが。心 よりお礼を申し上げます。ありがとうございました 为了纪念ジュトロ青島事務所得开设，借演讲介绍来感谢大家在百忙之中， 来出席这次演讲。这次演讲的加宾有各界的知名人士，在这就不一一列举了，真得很感谢你们的捧场。 ６． 視聴率さえとっていれば、どんな「やらせ」をやろうとも、メデ??の責任を考えれば、モラルに反すると思うことをやっでも、大手を振ることができる世界で、それを見習ってい<人間と、そんなことはしたくないと気力が萎えてしまう人間が生まれ、富み栄えるのは前者ということになる。 ７ そればかりではない。考えてみれば、要資格職業での学科試験中心の運営は、（こうした諸試験の合格率の高い大学を求めた偏差値中心の受験体制を促進強化する)ことにもつながっている
Exercise Two Directions: In this part there are 50 incomplete sentences. For each sentence there are four choices beneath marked a, b, c and d. Choose the ONE answer that best completes the sentence. 1. This is the same story ____ I heard ten years ago. a. that b. about that c. which d. of which 2. I advised her that in the presence of the princess she should not say anything until ____. a. asked b. being asked c. having been asked d. to be asked 3. It is necessary that an efficient worker ____ his work on time. a. accomplish b. accomplishes c. can accomplish d. has accomplished 4. It was ____ that he heard of the victory of the Chinese revolution. a. Stephen b. with Stephen c. by Stephen d. from Stephen 5. He was attending a meeting, ____ come to your birthday party then. a. unless he would have b. or he would c. but he did not d. or he would have 6. The curious children watched the towers ____. a. erected b. be erected c. to be erected d. being erected 7. She never laughed, ____ ever lose her temper. a. so did she b. but she did not c. nor did she d. nor she did 8. I regret ____ him a thief, but I regret even more his stealing my watch! a. to call b. to have called c. having called d. called 9. Y ou are supposed to ____ in your composition yesterday. a. hand b. be handing c. have handed d. handing 10. A new technique ____ worked out, we set about our project. a. being b. to be c. having d. having been 11. Some people hope, the rains will return and ease the hardship ____ the peasants of Northern China. a. faced b. faces c. facing d. to face 12. Ever since the Smiths moved to the suburbs a year ago, they ____ better health.
目录 引言.............................................................................................I 摘要.............................................................................................II ABSTRACT.................................................................................III 第一章四字成语的文化背景 (1) 1.1成语的定义 (1) 1.2成语的来源 (3) 1.2.1 成语的语言特征 (4) 1.2.2 成语的文化特征 (4) 1.2.3 成语中体现的中西文化 (5) 第二章成语的翻译策略 (5) 2.1成语的直译 (5) 2．1．1直译的定义和特点 (6) 2．1．2直译的方法技巧 (6) 2．1．3直译的实际运用 (7) 2.2 成语的意译 (7) 2．2．1意译的定义和特点 (7) 2．2．2意译的方法技巧 (7) 2．2．3意译的实际运用 (8) 第三章成语翻译的艺术价值 (9) 结语 (10) 参考文献 (11)
汉语四字成语的翻译技巧 引言 根据一般概念，翻译是将一种语言的信息用另一种语言表达出来的活动，但这个概念仍有它的欠缺之处。它只提及语言的信息，未提及文化的信息。美国的翻译理论家尤金·奈达曾给翻译下过这样的定义:翻译是指从语义到文体在译语中用最贴切而又最自然的对等语再现原文的信息。虽然奈达把翻译扩大到语义和文体两个层面，但仍未提及文化信息的再现。本问拟从文化信息(culture information)在翻译中的再现这个角度加以讨论。 1四字成语的文化背景 1.1成语的定义 1.2成语的来源 1.2.1 成语的语言特征 1.2.2 成语的文化特征 1.2.3成语中体现的中西文化 2成语的翻译策略 2.1成语的直译 2．1．1直译的定义和特点 2．1．2直译的方法技巧 2．1．3直译的实际运用 2.2 成语的意译 2．2．1意译的定义和特点 2．2．2意译的方法技巧
一、选择题 1、下列选项中属于非正式沟通的是（ D ） A、组织之间的公函往来 B、文件下达 C、上级指示 D、组织成员之间的私下交谈 2、下列倾听者的哪种非语言符号不能给讲话者一种支持和鼓励的表示（ D ） A、微笑 B、注视讲话者 C、轻轻点头 D、昂头 3、下列说法中不正确的是（B ） A、孤立的与外界没有任何关系的组织系统实际上是不存在的。 B、非正式沟通是组织沟通的主流。 C、组织是社会的一个细胞，无论是组织的一般环境还是间接环境都影响着组织活动。 D、管理水平和管理效果与管理过程中信息流动的质量、流动的方式，以及对信息的利用水平密切相关。
4、人际信息传播，达到沟通效应，使人际关系良性发展过程是分阶段组建进行的，其中不包括下面哪个阶段（ D ） A、注意阶段 B、适应阶段 C、依附阶段 D、漠视阶段 5、一般来说，在进行双边会谈时，下面哪种说法不正确（B ） A、主人和来宾一般相对而坐 B、主人和来宾并排坐以示亲切 C、主谈人居中，翻译人坐在主谈人的右侧或者后侧 D、主人坐正门一边，客人坐正门的对面 二、简答题 1、语言符号的特点 答：（1）对信息的指代和显示作用（2）对信息的表意和认识作用（3）沟通和自律作用 2、沟通过程模式的功能 答：描绘出沟通中可能遇到的复杂问题。 (一)构造功能
沟通过程模式能揭示信息沟通过程中各系统各要素之间的先后次序、排列方式。结构形态及其与外界的联系，可以使我们从模式获得信息沟通的整体形象，认识信息流动中相关要素的互动状况。 (二)解释功能 沟通过程模式为沟通中各种复杂关系提供解释和分析的形象，简化了理解沟通过程的步骤，并能用简洁、清晰的方式 (三)启发功能 沟通过程模式能够启发沟通者和理论研究者密切关注沟通过程几个要素关系，据此采取积极主动的方式进行沟通过程调控，使沟通活动更顺利，达到有效沟通目的。 (四)预测功能 沟通过程模式能够对某一项即将进行的沟通活动的内容。结果进行预测，提出达到良好沟通效果的可行性建议。 3、信息论沟通过程模式的优劣 答：优点：为电信等信息传播渠道提供了一定的理论依据。 不足：只描述了信息沟通的单向过程；视信息沟通过程为单向静态，忽视其社会客观性影响。 4、简述自我表露的原则 答：(一)程度原则
（一）并列关系 名山大川famous mountains and great rivers 名胜古迹scenic spots and historical sites 湖光山色landscape of lakes and hills 青山绿水green hills and clear waters 奇松怪石strangely-shaped pines and grotesque rock formations 平等互利equality and mutual benefit 扬长避短play up strengths and avoid weaknesses 反腐倡廉fight corruption and build a clean government 简政放权streamline administration and institute decentralization 集思广益draw on collective wisdon and absorb all useful ideas 国泰民安the country flourish and the people live in peace and harmony 政通人和the government functions well and people cooperate well 国计民生national welfare and the people’s livelihood 辞旧迎新bid farewell to the old year and usher in the new 徇私舞弊bend the law for personal gain and engage in fraud 流连忘返linger on with no thought of leaving for home 国际局势复杂多变the complex and volatile international situation 开拓进取blaze new trails and forge ahead 求同存异seek common ground while shelving differences （二）语意重复 广袤无垠的中华大地the boundless expanse of the Chinese territory 高瞻远瞩的决策a visionary/far-sighted decision 贯彻落实重大决策carry out/ implement a series of major policy decisions 层峦叠嶂peaks rising one after another 优胜劣汰survival of the fittest 延年益寿prolong one’s life 灵丹妙药panacea / miraculous cure 长治久安a long period of stability 求真务实pragmatic 审时度势size up the trend of events 招商引资attract investment 誉满全球举世闻名world-renowned 功在当代，利在千秋in the interest of the current and future generations 继往开来，承前启后(continue the past and open up the future ) break new ground for the future 路遥知马力，日久见人心Time will tell. 吃的苦中苦，方知甜中甜no sweet without sweat 车到山前必有路，船到桥头自然直in the end things mend /there’s always a way out 急功近利eager for instant success and quick profits 大黑扫黄crack down on gangland and pornography
SZ170420117 环境一班任云帆 Peter Newmark: The first traces of translation date from 3000 BC, during the Egyptian Old Kingdom, in the area of the First Cataract, Elephantine, where inscriptions i n two languages have been found. 最早的翻译的痕迹来自公元前3000年，那时正是古埃及王朝。在第一瀑布（注：地处埃及和苏丹的边界，亚斯旺南郊）首次发现了用两种语言篆刻的碑文。 It became a significant factor in the West in 300 BC, when the Romans took over wholesale many elements of Greek culture, including the whole religious apparatus. 一个很重要的因素是：公园前300年的西方，罗马人垄断了许多的希腊文化元素，包括整个宗教组织。In the twelfth century, the West came into contact with Islam in Moorish Sp ain. 在二十世纪，西方人开始与西班牙的摩尔穆斯林们建立联系。 The situation favoured the two essential conditions for large-scale translation (Storig, 1963): 这样的情景下推动大规模翻译的两个中重要条件是： a qualitative difference in culture (the West was inferior but scientifically acquisitive and receptive to new ideas) and continuous contact between two languages. 文化中的定性差异（西方人比较落后，但是更加贪求科技并且更易于接受新的思想）和两种语言简的持续交流 When the Moorish supremacy collapsed in Spain, the Toledo school of translato rs translated Arabic versions of Greek scientific and philosophical classics. 当摩尔人在西班牙的霸权瓦解，托莱多翻译学院翻译了很多阿拉伯语版的希腊科学和哲学的经典。Luther’s Bible translation in 1522 laid the foundations of modern German and King James’s Bible (1611) had a seminal influence on English language and literature. 卢瑟在1522年翻译的圣经立足于现代德国和金·詹姆斯在1611年翻译的版本，它对英国的语言和文学有着有着重要的影响。 Significant periods of translation preceded Shakespeare and his contemporaries, French classicism and the Romantic Movements. 莎士比亚时期，法兰西古典时期和浪漫主义运动时期都是翻译界中很重要的时期 全文： 最早的翻译的踪迹公元前3000年，那时正是古埃及王朝。在第一瀑布（注：地处埃及和苏丹的边界，亚斯旺南郊）首次发现了用两种语言篆刻的碑文。一个很重要的因素是：公园前300年的西方，罗马人垄断了许多的希腊文化元素，包括整个宗教组织。在二十世纪，西方人开始与西班牙的摩尔穆斯林们建立联系。这样的情景下，推动大规模翻译的两个中重要条件是：文化中的定性差异（西方人比较落后，但是更加贪求科技并且更易于接受新的思想）和两种语言的持续交流。摩尔人在西班牙的霸权瓦解后，托莱多翻译学院翻译了很多阿拉伯语版的希腊科学和哲学的经典。卢瑟在1522年翻译的圣经立足于现代德国和金·詹姆斯在1611年翻译的版本，它对英国的语言和文学有着有着重要的影响。莎士比亚时期，法兰西古典时期和浪漫主义运动时期都是翻译界中很重要的时期。
英语应用文 Directions:This part is to test your ability to do practical writing. You are allowed twenty-five minutes to finish the writing according to the direction provided hereinbelow.[题数:1;分数:25分;参考时间:25分0秒] 命题作文 Directions:For this part you are allowed thirty minutes to write a composition on the given topic. Your composition should meet the word limit set by the test syllabus at this level. You should base your composition on the outlines provided and then type your composition in the box below.[题数:1;分数:35分;参考时间:30分0秒]
单句翻译选择 Directions:This section is to test your ability to translate English into Chinese or Chinese into English. You will read four choices of suggested translations of four sentences. You should choose the best translation and type the corresponding letter on the web page.[题数:20;分数:40分;参考时间:20分0秒] [A] 过去玛丽和她老师很自豪地说话，这是可以理解的。 [B] 玛丽过去和她老师说话时，是可以理解的自豪。 [C] 玛丽过去和她老师可以理解地说话，也很自豪。 [D] 玛丽过去和她老师说话时，很自豪，这是可以理解的。
高考英语中译英测验1 1. 这位科学家终日废寝忘食地埋首于研究。() ，. 2. 商店的商品琳琅满目，让我们眼花缭乱。() . 3. 在旧社会，出身贫寒的人很少有受教育的机会。() , . 高考英语中译英测验2 1. 看到她在音乐会上的精彩演出，我们惊讶不已。() . 2. 他为自己食言而感到羞愧不已。() . 3. 出乎意料的是，他对我们采取友善的态度。() , . 4. 如果你能帮我学习英语我将不胜感激。() '. 高考英语中译英测验3 1. 做志愿者的经历让我受益匪浅。() ①. ②. 2. 无论你到何处，都要牢记在心：入国问禁，入乡随俗。() , , . 3. 显而易见，这个国家的人每时每刻都可喝到新鲜牛奶。() , . 4. 这部历史小说引人入胜，我简直爱不释手。() ' . 高考英语中译英测验1. 听到那一激动人心的消息，我情不自禁地大哭起来。() , ' . 2. 她的计划听上去很好，可是我们实施起来将困难重重。() , ' . 3. 这位作家专心致志于写作，以致忘了自己重病在身。() . 4. 警方正在竭尽全力查明火灾的导因。() .
5. 除了等待进一步通知，我们别无他法。() . 6. 大家都束手无策，最后还是彼得想出了个主意。() , . 7. 当时，那位出租车司机别无选择，只能求助于游客。() . 8. 如果你不将理论与实践结合起来,你的研究将毫无用处。() . 9. 希望这里的志愿者都要精通英语。() . 10. 这次歌咏比赛给了我一次千载难逢的机会挑战自我。() . 11. 就是在那家超市我和过去的班主任不期而遇。() . 12. 他选择勇敢面对失败,而不是自暴自弃。() . 高考英语中译英测验6 1. 即便周围响声很大，他也能集中精力看书。() . 2. 看到银装素裹的群山，孩子们欣喜若狂。() , . 3. 认为现在的年轻人样样都好或者一无是处都是错误的。() ' () . 4. 显然，他们将数量与质量混为一谈了。() . 5. 这条铁路横贯平原.把那个偏远山城与海港连接了起来。() . 高考英语中译英测验7 1. 他要求出国进修，但被公司拒绝了。() , . 2. 由于经验不足，他不知道如何处理这情形。() ' . 3. 她下定决心不惜任何代价不让父母失望。() . 4. 我校正不遗余力地满足学生对课外活动的需求。() 5. 他在外貌和性格上都与妹妹截然不同。() . 6. 请尽早做出决定,不然你会坐失良机。() , ' .