高中英语复习专题：定语从句
一．概述
She is the girl who likes singing . 她是个喜欢唱歌的女孩。
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先行词 引导词 定语从句
定语从句：在句中作定语，修饰主句中的一个名词或代词，通常出现在先行词之后，由引导词（关系代词或关系副词）引出。只作整个句子的一个成份，起修饰和说明的作用。
关系代词：在从句中可作主语、宾语或定语
关系副词：在从句中作地点、时间或原因状语
结构： 主句的先行词 + 引导词（关系代词或关系副词）引导的定语从句
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二. 关系代词who, whom, whose, that, which, as 的基本用法
1. who ：在从句中作主语，只可指人
①The girl who often helps me with my English is from England.
经常在英语方面帮助我的那个女孩是英国人。（作主语）
②Anyone who breaks the law should be punished.任何犯法的人都应受到惩罚。（作主语）
2. whom：who的宾格，在从句中作宾语，只可指人
①Who is the teacher whom Li Ming is talking to？正在与李明谈话的老师是谁？
②The professor whom you are waiting for has come. 你正在等的教授已经来了。
3. whose：属格，在从句中作定语，可指人或物。
①Who is the girl whose father is a doctor? 父亲是医生的那个女孩是谁？
②I want the book whose cover is red. 我要封面是红色的那本书。
③I once lived in the house whose roof has fallen in. 我曾经住在那幢屋顶已经倒塌了的房子里。
【★】指人/物时，常用下列结构来代替whose+n.= the+n.+of which/ the+n.+of whom
或of which+the+n./ of whom+the+n.
①她就是我们班上发音最好的学生。
She is the student whose pronunciation is the best in our class.
the pronunciation of whom is the best in our class.
of whom the pronunciation is the best in our class.
②你看到窗户破了的房子吗？
Do you notice the house whose window is broken?
the window of which is broken?
of which the window is broken?
4. that：作主语、★宾语（可省略），可指人或物
①Mary likes music that is quiet and gentle.玛丽喜欢轻柔的音乐。（that作主语）
②China is not the country that she used to be.中国已经不是过去的中国了。(that作主语)
③The coat (that) I put on the desk is blue.我放在桌子上的那件外套是蓝色的。（that作宾语可省略）
5. which：作主语、★宾语（可省略），指物
①Football is a game which is liked by most boys. 足球是大多数男孩所喜欢的运动。（作主语）
②The film （which）we saw last night was wonderful. 我们昨天晚上看的那部电影很好看。（作宾语）
③This is the pen (which ) he bought yesterday. 这是他昨天买的钢笔。（作宾语）
6. as：作主语、宾语
多单独引导一个非限定性定语从句，这种定语从句可置于句首，句中或句尾，译为"正如，这一点"。
①As we all know, smoking is harmful to one's health. (as作宾语，句首)
=Smoking is harmful to one's health, as we all know.（as作宾语，句尾）
=Smoking, as we all know, is harmful to one' health.（as作宾语，句中）
=As is known to all, smoking is harmful to one's health. （as作主语）
=It's known to all that smoking is harmful to one's health.
②He was a foreigner, as I knew from his accent. (宾语, 先行词是前面整个句子)
【考题印证】
1. I've become good friends with several of the students in my school I met in the English speech contest last year. （2010湖南）
A. who
B. where
C. when
D. which
【解析】A。考查定语从句。该空引导定语从句修饰表示人的先行词the students，且在从句中作met的宾语，故选关系代词who，即A项。
2. The prize will go to the writer ________ story shows the most imagination. （2011全国卷I）
A. that
B. which
C. whose
D. what
【解析】C。考查定语从句。本题主句中的先行词writer和从句中的主语story有所属关系，译为作者的故事，因此选C。句子的意思是：我们的奖金会留给故事情节最富有想象力的作者。
3. The old temple _______ roof was damaged in storm is now under repair. （2010陕西）
A. where
B. which
C. its
D. Whose
【解析】D。考查定语从句。所填词引导定语从句，先行词是the old temple，关系词在从句中做roof的定语，用关系代词whose，选D。其余选项与题意不符。
4. The newly built café, the walls of_______ are painted light green, is really a peaceful place for us, specially after hard work. （2010江苏）
A. that
B. it
C. what
D. which
【解析】D。考查定语从句。定语从句表示咖啡屋的墙
5. The air quality in the city, ________is shown in the report, has improved over the past two months.
A. that
B. it
C. as
D. what （2012福建卷）
【解析】C。本题考查定语从句的引导词。本句难点是把定语从句分割出来放在句首就很明了了，把句子转换成is shown in the report, the air quality in the city has improved over the past two months.就能直接看到非限制性定语从句引导词放句首指的是下文所提到的一句话用as引导“正如在所写的那样”。
6. You’ll find taxis waiting at the bus station ____ you can hire to reach your host family.
A. which
B. where
C. when
D. as （2011上海卷）
【解析】A。考查定语从句。先行词为the bus station，从句中谓语动词hire后缺少宾语，故用关系代词which。
7. The old town has narrow streets and small houses _____are built close to each other. （2011山东卷）
A. they
B. where
C. what
D. that
【解析】D。考查定语从句的引导词。关系代词that代替先行词small houses，在从句中作主语。句意为：这座古老的城镇街道狭窄，小房子挨得很近。
三. 几组关系代词的区别
1. 只能用that，而不用which
(1)当先行词是everything, anything, nothing (★something 除外), all, ★none, few, little, ★some等不定代词时，或当先行词被every, any, all, some, ★no, little, few, much等代词修饰时。例如：
①Have you taken down everything that Mr. Li said? 李老师讲的你都记下来了吗？
②All that can be done has been done. 所有能做的都做好了。
③There is little that I can do for you. 我不能为你干什么。
④Is there anything that you want to buy in the shop？你在商店里有什么东西要买吗？
【★】当先行词指人时，偶尔也可用关系代词who
Any man that / who has a sense of duty won’t do such a thing. 任何有责任感的人都不会做这样的事。All the guests that / who were invited to her wedding were important people. 所有应邀来参加她婚礼的
客人都是重要人物。
(2) 当先行词被形容词最高级修饰或被序数词修饰时。例如：
①This is the best film that I have ever seen. 这是我看过的最好的电影。
②He was the first person that passed the exam. 他是第一个通过考试的人。
(3) 先行词被the only，★the very，the same，the last，little，few 等词修饰时。例如：
①This is the same bike that I lost.这就是我丢的那辆自行车。
②This is the very dictionary that I want to buy. 这正是我要买的词典。
③The only thing that we could do at that time was wait.那是我们所能做的事就是等待。
【★】当先行词指人时，偶尔也可用关系代词who。
Wang Hua is the only person in our school who will attend the meeting. 王华是我校唯一出席会议的人。
(4) 当先行词前面有who, which等疑问代词引导的特殊疑问句中（以避免重复）。例如：
①Who is the man that is standing by the gate? 站在门口的那个人是谁？
②Which is the T-shirt that fits me most? 哪件T恤衫最合我的身？
(5) 当先行词为人与动物或人与物时。例如：
①They talked about the persons and things that they remembered at school.
他们谈论着他们所能记起的在校时的人和事。
②Look at the man and his donkey that are walking up the street. 瞧瞧那个沿街走来的人和他的毛驴。
(6) 主句是there be结构，例如：
There is a book on the desk that belongs to Tom. 桌子上那本书是汤姆的。
2. 只能用which，而不用that
(1) 先行词为that，those时，例如：
What’s that which is under the desk？在桌子底下的那些东西是什么？
(2) 关系代词前有介词时，例如：
This is the room in which he lives. 这是他居住的房间。
(3) 引导非限定性定语从句，例如：
Tom came back, which made us happy. 汤姆回来了，这使我们很高兴。
3. the same ...as表示相似的东西
the same...that表示同一人或物
①She wore the same dress that she wore at Mary’s wedding.
她穿着她在玛丽婚礼上穿过的同一条连衣裙。
②She wore the same dress as her younger sister wore.
她穿着跟她妹妹所穿的一样的连衣裙。
4. as和which都可引导非限定性定语从句
as可以放在主句之前、主句之后，甚至还可以分割主句（句中）；which引导的非限制性定语从句只可放在主句之后。如：
①As is known to all, China is a developing country. 众所周知，中国是发展中国家。
②Zhang Hua has been to Paris more than ten times, which I don’t believe. 张华已去过巴黎十多次了，这一点我不相信。
【考题印证】
1. I refuse to accept the blame for something ______was someone else’s fault. （2010全国II）
A. who
B. that
C. as
D. what
【解析】B。考查定语从句引导词的用法。不定代词something作主语，用that引导。
2. Ted came for the weekend wearing only some shorts and a T-shirt, ______ is a stupid thing to do in such weather. （2011全国卷II）
A. this
B. that
C. what
D. which
【解析】D。考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，该句为定语从句，首先排除A和C；根据空前的逗号可知，该句为非限制性定语扶句，排除B。该从句应用which引导，which在从句中作主语，代指前丽的整个句子。
3. Mary was much kinder to Jack than she was to the others, _________, of course, make all the others upset. （2011北京卷）
A. who
B. which
C. what
D. that
【解析】B。考查非限定性定语从句。逗号后的非限定性定语从句中缺少主语，which引导非限制性定语从句，指代整个主句部分的内容。选择which。
【真题体验】
1.【2010湖南】I’ve become good friends w ith several of the students in my school . I met in the
English speech contest last year.
A. who
B. where
C. when
D. which
2.【2010山东】That’s the new machine ______ parts are too small to be seen.
A. that
B. which
C. whose
D. What
3.【2010四川】After graduating from college, I took some time off to go travelling, turned out to be a wise decision.
A. that
B. which
C. when
D. where
4.【2010全国Ⅱ】I refuse to accept the blame for something ________was someone else’s fault.
A. who
B. that
C. as
D. what
5.【2011福建卷】She has a gift for creating an atmosphere([??tm?sf??(r)]n.氛围，大气层) for her students ____ allows them to communicate freely with each other.
A. which
B. where
C. what
D. who
6.【2012安徽卷】Ａlot of language learning, has been discovered, is happening in the first year of life, so parents should talk much to their children during that period.
A. as
B. it
C. which
D. This
7.【2012陕西卷】It is the third time that she has won the race, ______ has surprised us all.
A. that
B. where
C. which
D. what
8.【2012北京卷】When deeply absorbed in work, ______ he often was，he would forget all about eating or sleeping.
A. that
B. which
C. where
D. when
9.【2012全国II】That evening, _____ I will tell you more about later, I ended up working very late.
A. that
B. which
C. what
D. When
【答案解析】
1. A，考查定语从句。该空引导定语从句修饰表示人的先行词the students, 且在从句中作met的宾语, 故选关系代词who
2. C，考查定语从句的引导词。句意应为“那就是那台零部件小得几乎看不见的新机器。”空格处引导定语从句并且在从句中作定语使用, 所以使用whose。
3. B，考查定语从句。此处应为which引导的非限制性定语从句, which代替前边整个句子。句意为：“大学毕业后, 我们休假一段时间去旅游, 这结果证明是一个明智的决定。”
4. B，定语从句。不定代词something作主语, 用that引导。
5. A，考查定语从句。分析句子成分可知，an atmosphere与修饰它的定语从句被for her students隔开，该从句缺少主语，所以用which。
6. A，本题考查as引导的非限制性定语从句。句意：现已发现，大量的语言学习是发生在出生后的第一年内；所以父母们在这一时期应该多给孩子说话。as引导的非限制性定语从句位置灵活，在此以插入语的形
式置于主句之间，as从句修饰限定的是整个主句（a lot of language learning is happening in the first year of life）。本题易误选which，理解成which从句修饰a lot of language learning。
7. C，考查定语从句。所填词前有逗号，是非限制性定语从句，先行词是整个主句，关系词在从句中做主语，选C。其余选项与题干不符。
8. B，非限制性定语从句，which作表语。
9. B，考查非限制性定语从句的关系词。这里that evening是先行词，其在定语从句中作介词about的宾语，所以用which。句意：以后我将和你谈起的那个晚上，我工作到了很晚。
四. 关系副词where, when, why的基本用法
1. where：一般用来修饰表示地点的先行词，在定语从句中充当地点状语。
相当于“介词+关系代词”，where=in/ at/ on ... which
①The tourists sought out a shady spot where they sat down and rested．
旅游者找到一块阴凉的地方坐下休息。
②Beijing is the place where I was born. 北京是我的出生地。
→Beijing i s the place in which I was born.
③The school where his sister works is a key school in JiangSu Province.
→The school at which his sister works is a key school in JiangSu Province.
他姐姐工作的这所学校是江苏省重点学校。
④Have you ever been to the house where Lu Xun once lived.
→Have you ever been to the house in which Lu Xun once lived.你去过鲁迅曾经住过的房子吗？
【★】当先行词不是place，room，factory，country等明显的地点名词，而是表示抽象地点的名词：case, point, position, activity, situation, stage, job, business, situation等时，常用用关系副词where或“介词+which"来引导定语从句
①You reach a point where medicine can’t help. 你已到了药物无法治疗的地步。
②He got into a situation where it is hard to decide what is right and wrong.
他陷入一种难以分辨是非的局面。
③I don’t want a job where I’m chained to a desk all day. 我不想找一份整天坐在办公桌前的工作。
④She wants a job where her management skills can be put to good use.
她想找一份能将她的管理技能派上用场的工作。
2. when：用来修饰表示时间的先行词，如time, day, week, month, year等，在定语从句中充当时间状语。
相当于“介词+关系代词”，when= during/ on/ in/ at ... which
①I’ll never forget the days when I worked with you. 我永远不会忘记我与你共事的日子。
②She dreams of the day when she will be playing the piano for a living．
她梦想着有朝一日能以演奏钢琴为生。
③I still remember the day when I joined the army. 我仍然记得我参军的那一天。
→I still remember the day on which I joined the army.
④July is the month when we have a lot of rain. 七月是我们有大量雨水月份。
→J uly is the month in which we have a lot of rain.
⑤There was a time when there were no radios, telephones or TV sets here.
→There was a time during which there were no radios, telephones or TV sets here.
曾经有一段时间，这里没有收音机，电视机，电话。
【★】当先行词不是day, time, year, month, 等明显的时间名词，而是表示抽象时间的名词：occasion（时机）, age（年代）, period（时期）等时，常用用关系副词when 或“介词+which"来引导
3. why：修饰先行词reason，在定语从句中充当原因状语。相当于“介词+关系代词”，why=for which
①The reason why she didn't get the job was that her English was not very good．
她没得到这个工作的原因是她的英语不是很好。
②The reason why he is late is that his car went wrong．他迟到的原因是他的汽车坏了。
③I don’t know the reason why he looks unhappy today. 我不知道他今天为什么看上去不愉快。
④Is this the reason why he refused our offer?这就是他拒绝我们帮助他的理由吗？
→Is this the reason for which he refused our offer?
【真题体验】
1. Sales director (销售部经理) is a position ______ communication ability is just as important as sales.
A. which
B. that
C. when
D. where （2012重庆卷）【解析】D。本题考查定语从句。句意：销售厂长是一个交际能力和销售技能同等重要的一个职位。先行词position在从句中应作地点状语，“在这个职位上” 交际能力和销售技能同等重要。
2. Care of the soul is a gradual process _____even the small details of life should be considered.
A. what
B. in what
C. which
D. in which （2012湖南）
【解析】D。本题考查定语从句。句意：关爱灵魂是一个渐进的过程，在这个过程中，即使生活中的小细节也应虑及。根据句意，先行词process在定语从句中应作时间状语，“在这个过程中”，所以该从句应用in which或关系副词when来引导。
3. We live in an age________ more information is available with greater ease(更轻而易举地) than ever before.
A. why
B. when
C. to whom
D. on which （2012浙江卷）
【解析】B。本题考查定语从句。when引导定语从句，在从句中做时间状语，修饰先行词an age（时代）. 此处的when=at which。
4. A bank is the place ______ they lend you an umbrella in fair weather and ask for it back when it begins to rain. （2011浙江卷）
A. when
B. that
C. where
D. there
【解析】C考查定语从句。本句中的先行词是the place.，先行词在定语从句中作地点状语
5. It was April 29, 2001 Prince William and Kate Middleton walked into the palace hall of the wedding ceremony. （2011福建卷）
A．that B．when C．since D．before
【解析】B考查定语从句。去掉It was及that后，April 29，2011不可以单独作时间状语，所以不是强调句型。用when引导定语从句修饰April29，2011
6. The days are gone ________ physical strength was all you needed to make a living. （2011天津卷）
A. when
B. that
C. where
D. which
【解析】A考查定语从句。句意为：when引导定语从句修饰The day。are gone为插入语。句意为：全部靠体力挣钱谋生的时代已经过去了
7. Stephen Hawking believes that earth is unlikely to be the only planet life has developed gradually. （2010福建）
A. that
B. where
C. which
D. whose
【解析】B定语从句先行词为planet, 表示地点, 故用where
8. The girl arranged to have piano lessons at the training centre with her sister ______ she would stay for an hour. （2010江西）
A. where
B. who
C. which
D. what
【解析】A考查定语从句。先行词为centre, she would stay for an hour 不缺宾语或主语, 故要填状语, 表地点用where
9. -----Can you believe I had to pay 30 dollars for a haircut? （2010天津）
-----You should try the barber’s I go. It’s only 15.
A. as
B. which
C. where
D. that
【解析】C考查定语从句。句意：—你能相信我理一次发得花20美元吗？—你应该到我去的那家理发店试试, 只需要15美元。句中the barber’s 是先行词, 从句中go是不及物动词, 所选关系代词在从句中作状语, 所以要用where。
10. It’s helpful to put children in a situation they can see themselves differently. （2009福建）
A. that
B. when
C. which
D. where
【解析】D考查定语从句。先行词是situation, 指物, 亦可指地点, 关系词在从句中做地点状语, 用关系副词where, 选D。把孩子放在他们能够另眼看自己的环境里是有益的。
11. Life is like a long race _____we compete with others to go beyond ourselves. （2009重庆）
A. why
B. what
C. that
D. where
【解析】D考查定语从句。人生像一场长跑比赛, 我们在比赛中和他人竞争以超越自己。先行词race在定语从句中作地点状语需加介词in, 因此用where。
12. —What do you think of teacher, Bob？（2009北京）
—I find it fun and challenging. It is a job _________ you are doing something serious but interesting.
A. where
B. which
C. when
D. that
【解析】A 考查定语从句。意为：鲍勃, 你觉得教书怎么样？我觉得这是个很有趣且具挑战性的工作。这是一项你始终认真对待但乐趣无穷的工作。先行词job与介词in搭配在从句中作地点状语, in which＝where。
五. 关系代词和关系副词使用的区别
1. 如何判定用关系代词还是用关系副词？
★找出定语从句中是否主谓宾都齐全，如果齐全用关系副词when, where, why；不齐全则用关系代词that, which, who, whom, as，而用什么关系代词就看先行词
①I will never forget the days when I stayed with you.
②1985 was the year when Eason made his first real film.
③Please give me the reason why you could make such a great success.
④Do you remember the lake where you first met your girlfriend.
★如果定语从句中缺少宾语，确定定语从句中的谓语动词是不是vt.及物动词，如果是则用关系代词，不是则用关系副词
①Yesterday we went to visit the house where=in which the great writer used to live.
②The house which/that they built in 1987 stayed up in the earthquake. (sth. stay up悬在原位上)
③Luckily none of the people whom/that I know were killed in the earthquake.
④My father was born in the year when=in which the Second World War broke out. (sth. break out爆发)
★如果定语从句中谓语结构是被动结构，并且有主语，则用关系副词
①Kunming is a beautiful place where flowers are seen all the year round.
②October 1st is the day when New China was founded.
③The window which/that was opened this morning has been broken.
④The meeting which/that will be held next week
2. 关系代词前的介词的确定
★如何选定介词
（1）根据定语从句中动词与先行词的逻辑关系
Is that the newspaper for which you often write articles?
（2）根据定语从句中动词或形容词的搭配习惯
Can you explain to me how to use these idioms([??di?m]n.习语)about which I’m sure?
（3）根据先行词与介词的搭配习惯
1949 was the year in which the PRC (People’s Republic of China) was founded.
（4）whose从句可转换成“of+关系代词”型
They live in a house, whose door opens to the south.
可转：①They live in a house, of which the door opens to the south.
②They live in a house, the door of which opens to the south.
★关系副词when, where, why可用适当的“介词+which”来替代
where=in/ at/ on ... which
when= during/ on/ in/ at ... which
why=for which
介词的位置非常灵活，有时放在关系代词之前，有时放在动词后面
①I won’t forget the date when=on which I was born.
②This is the room where=in which I lived.
=This is the room which I lived in.
③I don’t know the reason why=for which he haven’t come today.
④Tom still remembers the days when=in which they lived in Tianjin.
★思考：是不是所有的“介词+关系代词”都能用关系副词来代替？
①The painting at which I looked was painted by me.
②The book about which I heard was written 20 years ago.
③The pen with which she wrote that book can now be seen in a museum.
④The film during which I fell asleep was very boring.
⑤Kunming is a beautiful place where=in which flowers are seen all the year round.
⑥I’ll never forget the day when=on which I first met you on the ship.
⑦Please do the experiment in the way (that/which) I have shown you.
比较: This is the way in which I do such things.
总结：只有当介词+关系代词，充当地点、时间或原因状语时，才能用关系副词来代替。
高中英语定语从句详解 Ⅰ、概念: (１) 定语从句:在主从复合句中用作定语得从句叫定语从句。定语从句一般紧接在先行词（antｅcedｅｎt)后面。 (2) 先行词:被定语从句修饰得成份。先行词可以为一个词,短语，或整个主句。 (3)引导定语从句得词叫关系词,分为关系代词与关系副词。 关系词得作用: 1) 引导定语从句，连接主句与从句,相当于一个连词; ２) 必在从句中作某个句子成份(可以做主语,宾语,表语,定语，状语) 常用得关系代词: ｔhat、wｈｉcｈ、wｈo、whom、wｈosｅ,当关系代词在定语从句中做宾语时，关系代词可以省略。 常用得关系副词(在从句中只作状语): when(时间状语）、why(原因状语)、wｈe ｒｅ（地点状语） 可以修饰人得关系代词:thａt, ｗho，wｈｏｍ,whosｅ 可以修饰事得关系代词:tｈat, whｉcｈ, as，whose, The studeｎt who answerｅd ｔhe ｑuestion was John、 Ｉkｎow thｅｒeasoｎwhy he wａｓso angｒy、 The bｏy （wｈom) ｙou are taｌkｉnｇｔo is myｂrotｈｅｒ、 Ｉ'd likｅ a ｒoｏｍwhose window fａｃesｔｈe sea、 定语从句三步： 第一找出先行词; 第二瞧先行词在定语从句中得语法功能（做主语、宾语、表语或状语); 第三选择合适得关系词。 Ⅱ、几个关系代词得基本用法: ●tｈat:可指人或物；在定语从句中作主语,宾语,表语。(指人时,相当于whｏ或wｈｏｍ;指物时,相当于whiｃh)（一般不用于非限制性定语从句；不可置于介词后作宾语) 如: 1、A lｅtteｒthaｔ／which is wrｉtｔen in peｎcｉl is diffiｃult ｔo ｒead、（主语) 2、Do yｏu kｎｏw tｈe gentleman ｔhａｔ/ｗｈｏspoke just ｎｏw? 3、Ｙou can takｅａnything ( ｔhat)you like、(宾语) 4、Whaｔｉs thｅquestiｏｎ(ｔhat/whｉｃh) they aｒｅｔalｋing about? 5、Hｅreｉs theｍan （wｈo／whom/ｔhat) yｏu want tｏsee、 6、Ｓhe＇s no longeｒthe girl( that) sｈeｕsｅd to ｂe befｏre、（表语） 7、Ｏuｒhometｏwn iｓno ｌonger ｔhｅoｎe (thａt)it usｅｄto ｂe、(=Ｏｕr homeｔｏｗn iｓｎot tｈe sａｍe as it uｓed tｏｂe、 = Our hｏmｅtｏwn is diffeｒenｔfrom what iｔｕｓｅｄtｏｂe。 =Ouｒhometｏｗn ｉs notｗhａt it uｓed to ｂe、) ●which：指物;在定语从句中作主语,宾语。如： 1、Thｅboｏk which/thａｔwas ｏn the ｄeｓkｗａsｂought bｙｍy fatｈer、(主语) 2、Tｈｅboｏk(whiｃh/tｈaｔ) Ｉｂｏught yesteｒdaｙｉs very
定语从句专项练习2018.1.16 1. The place _______interested me most was the Children's Palace. A. Which B. where C. what D. in which 2. Do you know the man _______? A. whom I spoke B. to who spoke C. I spoke to D. that I spoke 3. This is the hotel _______last month. A. which they stayed B. at that they stayed C. where they stayed at D. where they stayed 4. Do you know the year ______the Chinese Communist Party was founded? A. which B. that C. when D. on which 5. That is the day ______I'll never forget. A. which B. on which C. in which D. when 6. The factory ______we'll visit next week is not far from here. A. where B. to which C. which D. in which 7. Great changes have taken place since then in the factory _______we are working. A. where B. that C. which D. there 8. This is one of the best films _______. A. that have been shown this year B. that have shown C. that has been shown this year D. that you talked 9. Can you lend me the book ______the other day? A. about which you talked B. which you talked C. about that you talked D. that you talked 10. The pen ______he is writing is mine. A. with which B. in which C. on which D. by which 11. They arrived at a farmhouse, in front of ______sat a small boy. A. whom B. who C. which D. that 12. The engineer ______my father works is about 50 years old. A. to whom B. on whom C. with which D. with whom 13. It there anyone in your class ______family is in the country? A. who B. who's C. which D. whose 14. I’m interested in ______you have said. A. all that B. all what C. that D. which 15. I want to use the same dictionary ______was used yesterday. A. which B. who C. what D. as 16. He isn't such a man ______he used to be.
高中英语定语从句讲解及练习 定语从句是高中重点知识，也是高考常考点，大家也不容易掌握，这篇文章主要教你关系代词引导的定语从句 关系副词引导的定语从句判断关系代词与关系副词限制性和非限制性定语从句等内容，有例题讲解定语从句在句中做定语，修饰一个名词或代词，被修饰的名词词组或代词即先行词。定语从句通常出现在先行词之后，由关系词（关系代词或关系副词）引出。 关系代词有：who, whom, whose, that, which等。 关系副词有：when, where, why等。 18.1 关系代词引导的定语从句 关系代词所代替的先行词是人或物的名词或代词，并在句中充当主语、宾语、定语等成分。关系代词在定语从句中作主语时，从句谓语动词的人称和数要和先行词保持一致。 1）who, whom, that 这些词代替的先行词是人的名词或代词，在从句中作主语和宾语。例如： Is he the man who/that wants to see you? 他就是你想见的人吗？（who/that在从句中作主语） He is the man whom/ that I saw yesterday. 他就是我昨天见的那个人。（whom/that在从句中作宾语） 2）whose 用来指人或物，（只用作定语, 若指物，它还可以同of which互换）。例如： They rushed over to help the man whose car had broken down.那人车坏了，大家都跑过去帮忙。 Please pass me the book whose （of which）cover is green.请递给我那本绿皮的书。 3）which, that所代替的先行词是事物的名词或代词，在从句中可作主语、宾语等。例如： A prosperity which / that had never been seen before appears in the countryside. 农村出现了前所未有的繁荣。（which / that在句中作宾语） The package （which / that）you are carrying is about to come unwrapped. 你拿的包快散了。（which / that在句中作宾语） 18.2 关系副词引导的定语从句 关系副词可代替的先行词是时间、地点或理由的名词，在从句中作状语。 1）关系副词when, where, why的含义相当于\"介词+ which\"结构，因此常常和\"介词+ which\"结构交替使用。例如： There are occasions when （on which）one must yield.任何人都有不得不屈服的时候。 Beijing is the place where（in which）I was born.北京是我的出生地。 Is this the reason why （for which）he refused our offer?这就是他拒绝我们帮助他的理由吗？ 2）that代替关系副词，可以用于表示时间、地点、方式、理由的名词后取代when, where, why和\"介+which\"引导的定语从句，在口语中that常被省略。例如： His father died the year （that / when / in which）he was born.他父亲在他出生那年逝世了。 He is unlikely to find the place （that / where / in which）he lived forty years ago. 他不大可能找到他四十年前居住过的地方。 18.3 判断关系代词与关系副词 方法一：用关系代词，还是关系副词完全取决于从句中的谓语动词。及物动词后面无宾语，就必须要求用关系代词；而不及物动词则要求用关系副词。例如： This is the mountain village where I stayed last year. 这是我去年呆过的山村。 I'll never forget the days when I worked together with you.我永远不会忘记与你共事的日子。 判断改错： （错）This is the mountain village where I visited last year. （错）I will never forget the days when I spent in the countryside. （对）This is the mountain village （which）I visited last year. （对）I'll never forget the days （which）I spent in the countryside. 习惯上总把表地点或时间的名词与关系副词where, when联系在一起。此两题错在关系词的误用上。 方法二：准确判断先行词在定语从句中的成分（主、谓、宾、定、状），也能正确选择出关系代词/关
定语从句专项练习 一、单项选择 1.The old temple roof was damaged in storm is now under repair. A. where B. which C. its D. whose 2.He is one of those people _____ everybody will find _____ hard to please. A. that; being B. whom; / C. who; is D. which; to be 3.We are living in an age most of things are done on cell phones. A. which B. that C. whose D. when 4.Nowadays, more and more young ladies, figures most are fine enough, are going on a diet. A. who B. whose C. of whose D. of whom 5.Could you show me the mobile phone you'd like ________? A. to repair it B. repairing it C. to have repaired D. having it repaired 6.On her birthday, she received a nice present from her parents ________ a note was attached, saying "We love you so much." A. that B. to which C. in which D. which 7.The old bank, _____ appearance is not a pretty sight, is extremely beautiful on the inside. A. whose B. where C. when D. which 8.It rained this morning, _____ actually didn't bother me because I like walking in the rain. A. what B. when C. where D. which 9.I keep the picture where I can see it every day, reminds me of the days in my hometown. A. that B. which C. who D. when 10.Newly released data point to an increase in technology use among children some worry is changing the very nature of childhood. A. why B. which C. who D. where 11.Mandela was generous with his time, Elias was grateful. A. to which B. for which C. which D. to whom 12.There is no simple answer, is often the case in science. A. when B. that C. as D. where 13.It is the third time that she has won the race, has surprised us all. A. that B. where C. which D. what 14.I shall never forget the day ________ Shen Zhou V was launched. A. when B. that C. which D. where
定语从句 一、基本概念： 定语： 定语从句： Do you know the man who spoke at the meeting just now That is the house where he lived ten years ago. 引导词：关系词 关系代词有：that, who, whom, whose, which; 在从句中充当： 关系副词有：when, where, why. 在从句充当： 先行词： 定语从句中引关系词的作用： 二、关系词的用法： （一）关系代词的用法： 1． He is the man lives next door. The train has just left is for Shenzhen. 2． The man ________ we have just seen is a famous writer. Where is the book ___________I bought last week （二）关系副词的用法： 1． I still remember the time ________I first became a college student. Do you know the date __________Lincoln was born
(三) 使用关系副词应注意下列几点： 1．这三个关系副词在意义上都相当于一定的介词+which结构： when = on (in, at, during…) + which; where = in (at, on…) + which; why = for which. 如： I was in Beijing on the day when (=on which) he arrived. The office where (=in which) he works is on the third floor. This is the chief reason why (=for which) we did it. 2．当先行词是表时间的time, day等和表地点的place, house等时，一定要注意分析从句的结构，如果缺少主语或宾语时，关系词应该用which或that, 缺少时间状语或地点状语时，才能用when或where，试比较： I’ll never forget the day _________ my hometown was liberated. I’ll never forget the days____________we spent together last summer. His father works in a factory____________radio parts are made. His father works in a factory______________makes radio parts. 三．限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句 1．限制性定语从句 This is the telegram which he refers to. Is there anything (that) I can do for you 2．非限制性定语从句 This note was left by Tom, who was here a moment ago. As a boy, he was always making things, most of which were electric.
高一英语定语从句讲解 精华版 HUA system office room 【HUA16H-TTMS2A-HUAS8Q8-HUAH1688】
定语从句 一、基本概念：定语： 定语从句： Do you know the man who spoke at the meeting just now That is the house where he lived ten years ago. 引导词：关系词 关系代词有：that, who, whom, whose, which; 在从句中充当： 关系副词有：when, where, why. 在从句充当： 先行词： 定语从句中引关系词的作用： 二、关系词的用法： （一）关系代词的用法： 1． He is the man lives next door. The train has just left is for Shenzhen. 2． The man ________ we have just seen is a famous writer. Where is the book ___________I bought last week
（二）关系副词的用法： 1． I still remember the time ________I first became a college student. Do you know the date __________Lincoln was born (三) 使用关系副词应注意下列几点： 1．这三个关系副词在意义上都相当于一定的介词+which结构： when = on (in, at, during…) + which; where = in (at, on…) + which; why = for which. 如： I was in Beijing on the day when (=on which) he arrived. The office where (=in which) he works is on the third floor. This is the chief reason why (=for which) we did it. 2．当先行词是表时间的time, day等和表地点的place, house等时，一定要注意分析从句的结构，如果缺少主语或宾语时，关系词应该用which或that, 缺少时间状语或地点状语时，才能用when或where，试比较： I’ll never forget the day _________ my hometown was liberated. I’ll never forget the days____________we spent together last summer. His father works in a factory____________radio parts are made. His father works in a factory______________makes radio parts.
定语从句 一﹑概念 定语从句是指在句子中起定语作用、修饰句中名词或代词的从句，其中被修饰的名词或代词称为先行词。定语从句一般紧跟在它修饰的先行词之后，在先行词和定语从句之间起连接作用的词叫做关系词。关系词有关系代词和关系副词两种。定语从句就其与先行词的关系，可以分为限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句。限制性定语从句与先行词的关系十分密切，如果去掉该从句，主句意思就不能表达完整。通常情况下，朗读时中间没有停顿，从句和主句之间不用逗号分开。非限制性定语从句与先行词的关系很松散，去掉从句，主句意思仍然清楚，从句只是作附加说明。朗读时中间一般有停顿，从句和主句之间用逗号分开。如： Yesterday I met one of my friends, who seemed to be very busy. 昨天我遇到了一位老朋友，他好像很忙。 They want to set up a country of their own, where they can be their own masters. 他们想建立自己的国家，在那儿他们可以当家作主。 这里我们先讨论限制性定语从句。 限制性定语从句使被修饰的词代表一个、一些或一类特定的人或事物，这种定语从句已和被修饰词构成了一个完整的意思，定语从句不能拿掉，否则剩下的主句就会失去意义，显得莫名其妙，不知所云而不能成立。 二、关系代词 （1）最常用的关系代词是who, whom, whose, that和which。关系代词同时起了两个作用。它们可以像别的代词一样，可以代表一个名词，在定语从句中用作主语或宾语，同时，它们又起到了连词的作用，把主句和从句连接起来。如： 1. What’s the name of the girl who just came in? 刚才进来的那位姑娘叫什么名字？ 2. Do you know the gentleman that spoke just now? 刚才发言的那位先生你认识吗？ 3. The train which has just left is for Xi’an.刚开的那列火车是开往西安的。 4. He is a man whom we should learn from. 他是一个大家都应学习的人。 5. You can take anything that you like. 你可以拿任何你喜欢的东西。 【注】句1.2.3.中的关系代词who, that, which分别代表先行词girl, gentleman和train，同时引导了定语从句，在定语从句中做主语。句4.5.中关系代词whom和that分别代表先行
高中英语定语从句专项练习题 1. Don’t talk about such things of __________ you are not sure. A. which B. what C. as D. those 2. Is this the factory __________ you visited the other day? A. that B. where C. in which D. the one 3. Is this factory __________ some foreign friends visited last Friday? A. that B. where C. which D. the one 4. Is this the factory __________ he worked ten years ago? A. that B. where C. which D. the one 5. The wolves hid themselves in the places __________ couldn’t be found. A. that B. where C. in which D. in that 6. The freezing point is the temperature __________ water changes into ice. A. at which B. on that C. in which D. of what 7. This book will show you __________ can be used in other contexts.. A. how you have observed B. what you have observed C. that you have observed D. how that you have observed 8. The reason is __________ he is unable to operate the machine. A. because B. why C. that D. whether 9. I’ll tell you __________ he told me last week. A. all which B. that C. all that D. which 10. That tree, __________ branches are almost bare, is very old. A. whose B. of which C. in which D. on which 11. I have bought the same dress __________ she is wearing. A. as B. that C. which D. what 12. He failed in the examination, __________ made his father very angry. A. which B. it C. that D. what 13. We’re talking about the piano and the pianist __________ were in the concert we attended last night. A. which B. whom C. who D. that 14. The girl __________ an English song in the next room is Tom’s sister. A. who is singing B. is singing C. sang D. was singing 15. Those __________ not only from books but also through practice will succeed. A. learn B. who C. that learns D. who learn 16. Anyone __________ this opinion may speak out. A. that againsts B. that against C. who is against D. who are against 17. Didn’t you see the man __________? A. I nodded just now B. whom I nodded just now C. I nodded to him just now D. I nodded to just now 18. Can you lend me the novel __________ the other day? A. that you talked B. you talked about it C. which you talked with D. you talked about
高中英语定语从句练习 1.The place _______interested me most was the Children's Palace. A. Which B. where C. what D. in which 2.Do you know the man _______? A. whom I spoke B. to who spoke C. I spoke to D. that I spoke 3.This is the hotel _______last month. A. which they stayed B. at that they stayed C. where they stayed at D. where they stayed 4.Do you know the year ______the Chinese Communist Party was founded? A. which B. that C. when D. on which 5.That is the day ______I'll never forget. A. which B. on which C. in which D. when 6.The factory ______we'll visit next week is not far from here. A. where B. to which C. which D. in which 7.Great changes have taken place since then in the factory _______we are working. A. where B. that C. which D. there 8.This is one of the best films _______. A. that have been shown this year B. that have shown C. that has been shown this year D. that you talked 9.Can you lend me the book ______the other day? A. about which you talked B. which you talked C. about that you talked D. that you talked 10.The pen ______he is writing is mine. A. with which B. in which C. on which D. by which 11.They arrived at a farmhouse, in front of ______sat a small boy. A. whom B. who C. which D. that 12.The engineer ______my father works is about 50 years old. A. to whom B. on whom C. with which D. with whom 13.It there anyone in your class ______family is in the country? A. who B. who's C. which D. whose 14.I'm interested in ______you have said. A. all that B. all what C. that D. which 15.I want to use the same dictionary ______was used yesterday. A. which B. who C. what D. as 16.He isn't such a man ______he used to be. A. who B. whom C. that D. as 17.He is good at English, ______we all know. A. that B. as C. whom D. what 18.Li Ming, ______to the concert enjoyed it very much.
高中定语从句详细讲解 （一）定义及相关术语 1．定语从句：修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。定语从句一般紧跟在它所修饰的先行词之后。 2．先行词：被定语从句修饰的词叫先行词。 3．关系词：引导定语从句的词叫关系词。 关系词有关系代词和关系副词。关系代词有that, which, who, whom, whose, as等；关系副词有when, where, why等。 关系词通常有下列三个作用：A、引导定语从句；B、代替先行词；C、在定语从句中担当一个成分。例如： The man who is shaking hands with my father is a policeman. 该句中，who is shaking hands with my father 是定语从句，修饰先行词the man，“who”是引导定语从句的关系词，代替先行词the man，在定语从句中作主语。 （二）关系代词引导的定语从句 1．who 指人，在定语从句中作主语。 The boys who are playing football are from Class One. 正在踢足球的男孩是一班的。Those who want to go to the museum must be at the school gate at 7 tomorrow morning. 想去博物馆的人必须在明晨7点到大门口集合。 Yesterday I helped an old man who had lost his way. 昨天我帮助了一位迷路的老人。That is the teacher who teaches us physics. 那就是教我们物理的老师。2．whom 指人，在定语从句中做宾语，常可省略。 Mr Liu is the person ( whom ) you talked about on the bus. 刘先生就是你们在公共汽车上谈论的那个人。 Li Ming is just the boy ( whom ) I want to see. 李明正是我想要见的男孩。 The professor ( whom ) you are waiting for has come. 你正在等的教授已经来了。 The girl ( whom ) the teacher often praises is our monitor. 老师经常表扬的那个女孩是我们的班长。 注意：关系代词whom 在口语或非正式文体中常可用who 来代替，也可省略。 The man ( whom / who )you met just now is my old friend. 3．Which 指物，在定语从句中做主语或宾语，做宾语时常可省略。 Football is a game which is liked by most boys. 足球是大多数男孩所喜欢的运动。 The factory which makes computers is far away from here. 制造计算机的那家公司离这儿很远。 He likes to read books which are written by foreign writers. 他喜欢外国作家写的书。 The house which is by the lake looks nice. 湖边的那幢房子看上去很漂亮。 This is the pen ( which ) he bought yesterday. 这是他昨天买的钢笔。 The film ( which ) they went to see last night was not interesting at all. 他们昨晚看的电影一点意思也没有。 4．That 指人时，相当于who 或whom；指物时，相当于which.。在定语从句中作主语或宾语，作宾语时常可省略。 The number of people that / who come to visit this city each year reaches one million. 每年来参观这座城市的人数达一百万。 Where is the man that / whom I saw this morning? 我今天早上看到的那个人在哪儿？
定语从句讲解 1．定语从句：复合句中修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。 Recently I bought an ancient Chinese vase which was very reasonable. Those who work hard will make progress. 2．先行词：被定语从句修饰的词叫先行词。 3．关系词：引导定语从句的词叫关系词。 1）关系词有关系代词和关系副词。关系代词有that, which, who, whom, whose, as等；关系副词有 when, where, why等。 2）关系词通常有下列三个作用：A、引导定语从句；B、代替先行词；C、在定语从句中担当一个成分。例如： The man who is shaking hands with my father is a policeman. 该句, who is shaking hands with my father 是定语从句， 修饰先行词the man，“who”是引导定语从句的关系词，代替先行词the man，在定语从句中作主语。 （二）关系代词引导的定语从句 1．who 指人，在定语从句中作主语、宾语。 The boys who are playing football are from Class One. Yesterday I helped an old man who had lost his way. 昨天我帮助了一位迷路的老人。 2．whom 指人，在定语从句中做宾语，常可省略。 The professor ( whom ) you are waiting for has come. 你正在等的教授已经来了。 The girl ( whom ) the teacher often praises is our monitor. 注意：关系代词whom 在口语或非正式文体中常可用 who 来代替，也可省略。但直接介词后只用whom,不可省略。 The man ( whom / who )you met just now is my old friend. The man to whom you talked just now is my old friend.（whom不可省略） 3．which 指物，在定语从句中做主语或宾语，做宾语时常可省略。或在非限制定语从句中代替整个主句。Football is a game which is liked by most boys. This is the pen ( which ) he bought yesterday. He failed the exam again ,which made his father angry. 4．that 指人时，相当于who 或whom；指物时，相当于which.。在定语从句中作主语或宾语，作宾语时常可省略。The number of people that / who come to visit this city each year reaches one million. Where is the man (that / whom) I saw this morning? 我今天早上看到的那个人在哪儿？ Yesterday I received a letter that / which came from Australia. 5．whose 通常指人，也可指物，在定语从句中做定语。 I visited a scientist whose name is known all over the country. 我拜访了一个全国知名的科学家。 I once lived in the house whose roof has fallen in. 我曾经住在那幢屋顶已经倒塌了的房子里。 注意：指物时，常用下列结构来代替： We live in a house,__________ windows face the sea. We live in a house,___________ the windows face the sea. We live in a house, the windows__________ face the sea We live in a beautiful house, and the windows _________ face the sea Do you like the book whose cover is yellow?=_____________________=_________________ （三）“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句 关系代词在定语从句中作介词宾语时，从句常常由“介词+关系代词”引出。 The school (which / that) he once studied in is very famous. =The school in which he once studied is very famous. 他曾经就读过的学校很出名。 This is the boy (whom / who / that) I played tennis with yesterday. =This is the boy with whom I played tennis yesterday. 这是我昨天跟他打台球的男孩。 The manager whose company I work in pays much attention to improving our working conditions. =The manager in whose company I work pays much attention to improving our working conditions. 注意：１．含有介词的短语动词一般不拆开，介词仍放在短语动词的后面。如：