《商务英语阅读》期末考试复习资料一、词汇翻译题（课内词汇+课外高频商务词汇）
1.entrepreneur 企业家
2.specification 规格详述
3.human resources 人力资源
4.institution 机构
5.orientation 方向，导向，新员工
入职培训
6.decline 消减，衰亡
7.bonus 奖金
https://www.doczj.com/doc/1110496490.html,unch 推出，投放市场
https://www.doczj.com/doc/1110496490.html,munity 社区，共同体
10.necessities （生活）必需品
11.stock 股票
12.liquidity 流动性，变现性
13.risk 风险
14.potential 潜在的
15.act of God 不可抗力
https://www.doczj.com/doc/1110496490.html,y off 使……下岗
17.listed company 上市公司
18.log on 登入、连接（上网）
19.absolute interest 绝对产权
20.keyboard skills 打字技能
21.human resources 人力资源
22.account for 解释某事物的原因，占……比例
23.executive 高级管理人员，执行总
裁
24.logo 企业或公司等专用的标记、标
识
25.administration 管理
26.budget 预算27.feasible 可行的
28.industry 产业，行业
29.ingredient 成分，要素
30.securities 证券
https://www.doczj.com/doc/1110496490.html,mission 佣金
32.dividend 股息，红利
33.mature 到期，成熟
34.accounts receivable 应收账款
35.job description 岗位描述
36.letter of intent 意向书
37.living wage 基本生活工资
38.bar code 条形码
39.acid test 决定性的考验
40.executive 高管，主管
41.administrative expenses 行政管
理费用
42.jet lag 飞机时差反应
43.customized 用户化的，按客户要求
定制的
44.keep-fit market 保健市场
45.lecture theatre 梯形教室，梯形
报告厅
46.local adaptation 本土化
47.balance sheet 资产负债表
48.benefits package 福利套餐,整体
福利
49.bill of lading 提单、提货单
50.access fee 使用费
二、单项选择题（课内）
1.Factors of production refer to _______.
A.natural resources and capital
https://www.doczj.com/doc/1110496490.html,bor and entrepreneurs
C.both A and B
2.The structure of a large manufacturing company and that of a small service firm
should be __________.
A. the same
B. different
C. similar
3. Organization charts show employees where they ______.
A. start their work
B. report to the boss
C. fit into the company’s operation
4. The basic management skills are ________.
A.technical skills, human relations skills and conceptual skills
B.performing skills, marketing skills and planning skills
https://www.doczj.com/doc/1110496490.html,anizing skills, controlling skills and leading skills
5. ________ programs include wages and salaries, incentives, and benefit for
workers.
A. Compensation
B. Marketing
C. Orientation
6. The firm’s ________ covers all the products it offers for sale.
A. product line
B. product life
C. product mix
7. A nation’s ______ is the difference between the flow of money into and out
of the nation.
A.balance of trade
B.balance of payments
C.payment of balance
8. China is in the _______ regional economy.
A. North America
B. Europe
C. Asia/Pacific
9. A corporation can also obtain equity financing by selling securities directly
to current stockholders. “Equity” here means ______.
A. reasonable quality
B. ordinary stocks and shares
C. principles of equality
10.Most short-term financing is unsecured. “unsecured” here means _______.
A.no interest charge
B.no collateral is required
C.no bank loans
11.The funds needed to operate an enterprise are referred to as _______.
A.capital
B.resources
https://www.doczj.com/doc/1110496490.html,bor
12. Organization charts show employees where they ______.
A. start their work
B. report to the boss
C. fit into the company’s operation
13. The basic management skills are ________.
A.technical skills, human relations skills and conceptual skills
B.performing skills, marketing skills and planning skills
https://www.doczj.com/doc/1110496490.html,anizing skills, controlling skills and leading skills
14. ________ programs include wages and salaries, incentives, and benefit for
workers.
A. Compensation
B. Marketing
C. Orientation
15. The firm’s ________ covers all the products it offers for sale.
A. product line
B. product life
C. product mix
16. _______ may be established based on costs, demands, the competitions’prices,
or some combination of these.
A. Products
B. Brands
C. Prices
17. A nation’s ______ is the difference between the flow of money into and out
of the nation.
A.balance of trade
B.balance of payments
C.payment of balance
18. China is in the _______ regional economy.
A. North America
B. Europe
C. Asia/Pacific
19.People can buy stocks from _____.
A.securities markets
B. a secure market
C.financial markets
20. High-risk investment techniques can provide greater returns, but they entail
greater risk of loss. “Entail” here means _________.
A. retail
B. invest
C. involve
（答案自己在书上找）
三、阅读理解题（课外）
Passage 1
Global Recession Hits the Developing World
Both the World Bank and the International Monetary Fund expect the world economy to shrink this year for the first time since World War Two. As recently as January, the I.M.F. had predicted growth of one-half percent. But this week its chief, Dominique Strauss-Kahn, said the world has entered what he called “a great recession”.
A new World Bank report says the recession may hurt the developing world the most. Those countries depend on trade for economic growth. But world trade is expected to fall at the fastest rate in eighty years.
East Asia has been hardest hit. In February, exports from China fell twenty-six percent from a year ago.
Rich nations are expected to borrow heavily in world credit markets to finance spending at home. But investors are demanding very high returns if they are willing to lend to the developing world at all. Jeff Chelsky, a World Bank senior economist, says investors are avoiding higher risk debt in a flight to quality.
The bank estimates that up to three trillion dollars of public and private loans in developing countries must be repaid this year. Some nations have enough foreign currency reserves, but others will struggle to find new financing to pay their existing debts.
The World Bank estimates that developing nations will need between two hundred seventy and seven hundred billion dollars in financing. The amount depends on the depth of the recession.
The I.M.F. is seeking to expand its lending ability. And World Bank President Robert Zoellick has called on rich nations to put some of their economic recovery spending into a crisis fund to help poor countries.
Bank economist Jeff Chelsky says the poorest countries are in the greatest danger. They cannot borrow in credit markets and they depend on exports of commodities like crops or minerals. But falling commodity prices mean they now depend more than ever on foreign aid.
Finance ministers and central bankers from major industrial and developing countries meet this weekend outside London to discuss the financial crisis. President Obama wants all countries in the Group of Twenty to coordinate their separate efforts to strengthen their economies.
There was some good news this week, including better-than-expected reports on spending by Americans in January and February. And financial stocks rose after Citigroup reported a profit for those two months.
And that's the VOA Special English Economics Report, written by Mario Ritter. I'm Steve Ember.
1. According to the passage, the world economy will _______ for the first time
this year since the World War Two.
A. develop
B. grow
C. expand
D. become smaller
2. _______may be hurt the most by the recession.
A. the developing world
B. the developed countries
C. the rich countries
D. Asian countries
3. Who are easier to borrow money in the world credit market?
A. Rich nations
B. Poor countries
C. the World Bank
D. the International Monetary Fund
4. What does the underlined “flight”mean in the fourth paragraph?
A. travel
B. flying
C. escape
D. movement through the air
5.___________ has called on rich nations to help poor countries.
A. President Obama
B. President Robert Zoellick
C. Jeff Chelsky
D. the International Monetary Fund
Passage 2
A Rough Road for Toyota
Toyota became the world's largest automaker in two thousand eight. But after years of building loyalty, the Japanese company may have put its quality brand name at risk, at least temporarily.
Toyota is recalling millions of cars and trucks around the world because of cases where vehicles have sped up unexpectedly. Last August, a driver in California was unable to stop. The crash killed him and three of his family members.
Toyota says the problem is rare and caused by accelerator pedals becoming stuck open. On January twenty-sixth, the company suspended sales of eight of its top-selling vehicles in the United States, its largest market. Toyota dealers have been receiving parts to make repairs.
General Motors and Ford both reported increased sales in January. But Toyota sales in the United States have fallen, and so has its stock price. Toyota says it expects costs and lost sales from its recent safety recalls to total two billion dollars by the end of March.
Louis Lataif spent twenty-seven years in the car industry at Ford. Now he is dean of the School of Management at Boston University.
LOUIS LATAIF: “It’s Toyota’s biggest such recall. It’s voluntary incidentally, it’s not mandated. So, in that respect, they are doing something fairly bold, namely, taking the hit of shutting production and correcting the vehicles that are in inventory on which they have stopped sales.”
A recall late last year involved floor mats that Toyota said could cause the accelerator to get stuck. One of the vehicles in the floor mat recall was the Prius, the world’s top selling hybrid.
Now American officials are investigating the brake system on the twenty ten Prius. The Transportation Department says it has received more than one hundred twenty reports, including reports of four crashes.
Toyota says it found a software problem that could briefly affect the “feel” of the anti-lock brakes on rough or slippery roads. It says it fixed the brake problem last month.
But a growing number of legal cases claim Toyota knew for a long time about the sudden acceleration issue with other vehicles. The problem reportedly has led to more than eight hundred crashes and nineteen deaths in the past ten years. Congress is preparing for hearings.
Greg Bonner is a marketing professor at Villanova University. He says to regain trust, Toyota will have to make public everything it knows about the problems and show it accepts responsibility.
The recall has also intensified questions about all the computer control systems used in modern cars.
6. Toyota may have put its quality brand name at risk because__________.
A. vehicles have sped up unexpectedly
B. last August, a driver in California was unable to stop.
C. Toyota is recalling millions of cars and trucks around the world
D. All of the above.
7. Which of the following ways is not one Toyota solves its problem about accelerator pedals?
A. Toyota stopped sales of eight of its top-selling vehicles in the United
States
B. Toyota is recalling millions of cars and trucks around the world
C. Toyota increased sales
D. Toyota dealers have been receiving parts to make repairs.
8. Whose sales decreased in January?
A. General Motors
B. Ford
C. General Motors and Ford
D. Toyota
9. From what Louis Lataif said about Toyota, we can infer that _________.
A. Toyota didn’t solve its problem positively.
B. Louis Lataif didn’t think that Toyota solved its problem properly.
C. Louis Lataif thought highly of Toyota’s way of solving its problem.
D. Toyota couldn’t solve its problem.
10. The underlined word in the last paragraph “intensify” means ________.
A. increase in degree
B. decrease in degree
C. make the questions more tense
D. become more intense
Passage 3
Stock Sectors - How to Classify Stocks
One of the ways investors classify stocks is by type of business. The idea is to put companies in similar industries together for comparison purposes. Most analysts and financial media call these groupings “sectors” and you will often read or hear about how certain sector stocks are doing.
One of the most common classification breaks the market into 11 different sectors. Investors consider two of these sectors “defensive” and the remaining nine “cyclical.” Let’s look at these two categories and see what they mean for the individual investor.
Defensive
Defensive stocks include utilities and consumer staples. These companies usually don’t suffer as much in a market downturn because people don’t stop using energy or eating. They provide a balance to portfolios and offer protection in a falling market.
However, for all their safety, defensive stocks usually fail to climb with a rising market for the opposite reasons they provide protection in a falling market: people don’t use significantly more energy or eat more food.
Defensive stocks do exactly what their name implies, assuming they are well run companies. They give you a cushion for a soft landing in a falling market.
Cyclical stocks
Cyclical stocks, on the other hand, cover everything else and tend to react to a variety of market conditions that can send them up or down, however when one sector is going up another may be going down.
Here is a list of the nine sectors considered cyclical:
?Basic Materials
?Capital Goods
?Communications
?Consumer Cyclical
?Energy
?Financial
?Health Care
?Technology
?Transportation
Most of these sectors are self-explanatory. They all involve businesses you can readily identify. Investors call them cyclical because they tend to move up and down in relation to businesses cycles or other influences.
Basic materials, for example, include those items used in making other goods – lumber, for instance. When the housing market is active, the stock of lumber companies will tend to rise. However, high interest rates might put a damper on home building and reduce the demand for lumber.
How to Use
Stocks sectors are helpful sorting and comparison tools. Don’t get hung up on using just one organization’s set of sectors, though. https://www.doczj.com/doc/1110496490.html, uses slightly different sectors in its tools, which let you compare stocks within a sector.
This is extremely helpful, since one of the ways to use sector information is to compare how your stock or a stock you may want to buy, is doing relative to other companies in the same sector.
If all the other stocks are up 11% and your stock is down 8%, you need to find out why. Likewise, if the numbers are reversed, you need to know why your stock is doing so much better than others in the same sector –maybe its business model has changed and it shouldn’t be in that sector any longer.
Conclusion
You never want to be making investment decisions in a vacuum. Using sector information, you can see how a stock is doing relative to its peers and that will help you understand whether you have a potential winner or loser.
11. According to this passage, an investor should buy _____________in a falling market.
A. cyclical stocks
B. defensive stocks
C. technology stocks
D. transportation stocks
12. According to this passage, an investor should buy _____________in a rising market.
A. cyclical stocks
B. defensive stocks
C. stocks of utilities
D. stocks of consumer staples
13. ______________sectors belong to cyclical stocks.
A. 11
B.2
C.9
D.3
14. Utilities and consumer staples belong to _______________.
A. cyclical stocks
B. defensive stocks
C. technology stocks
D. transportation stocks
15. ___________tend to move up and down in relation to businesses cycles or other influences.
A. cyclical stocks
B. defensive stocks
C. stocks of utilities
D. stocks of consumer staples
Passage 1
America's biggest carmaker accepted fifty billion dollars in federal aid from the Obama and Bush administrations. People joked that GM meant "Government Motors." Now, General Motors could be on the road to recovery.
The company recorded over two and a half billion dollars in profit in the first half of the year. The government still owns sixty-one percent of GM as a result of the bailout. Canada is also a shareholder. But now GM plans to sell stock to the public again.
GM spent just forty days in bankruptcy. It sought protection from its creditors in June of last year. GM restructured. It discontinued some vehicles and closed dealerships and factories.
In April, GM repaid almost seven billion dollars in government loans. Many of its creditors are waiting to see how much they get.
GM plans an IPO, an initial public offering of stock, later this year. The company could raise as much as fifteen billion dollars.
Chief executive Edward Whitacre is leaving September first. He wants the government to sell all of its shares in the company during the IPO. Many experts believe the Treasury will act slowly over time after the public offering is completed.
If the stock price rises, the government could profit from the rescue. But the IPO is risky for the company. The offering will test the willingness of investors to take an equity share in the “new GM”.
Buying equity is not like buying bonds. Bonds represent a loan. Equity represents ownership. Investors willing to buy equity shares in a company expect one thing -- growth.
GM believes it can make that happen, in part with a new electric-and-gas hybrid.
COMMERCIA L: “Chevy Volt, a car that can go up to forty miles before it uses any gas at all. That's an American revolution.”
The Volt is expected to start arriving in showrooms later this year.
GM is also looking overseas. The world's fastest growing car markets are in developing nations. GM is now selling more cars in China than in the United States. GM still leads the American market, though Toyota is now the biggest car company in the world.
There are signs that America's big three may have put the worst of their recent troubles behind them.
Chrysler also went through bankruptcy and says its sales are up. Italy's Fiat holds a twenty percent share.
Ford Motor Company avoided bankruptcy and refused government help. Ford reported close to five billion dollars in profit for the first six months of the year.
1. America’s biggest carmaker is _________________.
A. Toyota
B. Chrysler
C. GM
D. Ford Motor Company
2. GM stands for __________.
A. Government Motors
B. General Motors
C. Both A and B
D. Neither A Nor B
3. People joked that GM meant “Government Motors” because _____________.
A. The government still owns sixty-one percent of GM as a result of the bailout.
B. They accepted fifty billion dollars in federal aid from the Obama and Bush
administrations.
C. Both A and B
D. Neither A Nor B
4. Now, General Motors could be on the road to recovery. It plans ___________.
A. to restructure.
B. an IPO, an initial public offering of stock, later this year
C. to seek protection from its creditors.
D. to discontinue some vehicles and closed dealerships and factories.
5. According to the passage, what is not true about Chevy Volt?
A. GM believes it will bring profit growth.
B. It is a new electric-and-gas hybrid.
C. It is a car that can go up to forty miles before it uses any gas at all.
D. It has been produced.
Passage 2
The digital revolution, as exemplified by the Internet and electronic commerce, has shaken marketing practices to their core. In a recen t paper, Wharton’s Jerry Wind, director of the SEI Center for Advanced Studies in Management, and co-author
Vijay Mahajan, a marketing professor at the College of Business Administration of the University of Texas at Austin, examine the impact of digital marketing on concepts like pricing, when customers can propose their own prices (https://www.doczj.com/doc/1110496490.html,), or buyers and sellers can haggle independently in auctions (https://www.doczj.com/doc/1110496490.html,).
The paper provides an overview of some of the emerging realities and new rules of marketing in a digital world, and outlines what the new discipline of marketing may look like in the early part of the new century.
To begin with, say the authors, the rapid-fire growth of the Internet is helping to drive changes. “It is not just our comp uters that are being reprogrammed; it is customers themselves,” says Wind. “These emerging cyber consumers are like an alien race that has landed in the midst of our markets. They have different expectations and different relationships with companies from which they purchase products and services.”
For one thing, cyber consumers expect to be able to customize everything —from the products and services they buy and the information they seek, to the price they are willing to pay. And with digital technology opening new channels for gaining information, they are more knowledgeable and demanding than previous consumers. Digital customers can also sort products based on any desired attribute, price, nutritional value, or functionality, and they can easily obtain third-party endorsements and evaluations, tapping the experience of other users. “Companies that cannot meet their demands and expectations will be at a loss,” says Wind.
Questions:
6. The passage was most likely to be quoted from______.
A.an overview of a paper
B.an introduction to a book
C. a book on digital revolution
D. a paper discussing digital revolution
7. The paper mentioned in this paper was written by______.
A.Jerry Wind
B.Vijay Mahajan
C.Jerry Wind and Vijay Mahajan
D.an anonymous
8. From the third paragraph, we can infer that______.
A.the customers are also reprogrammed by computers
B.e-business companies need be more knowledgeable about cyber consumers
C.cyber consumers are a group of strange people
D.cyber consumers came from outer space
9. Compared with traditional customers, the emerging cyber consumers______.
A.are more difficult to satisfy
B.have less knowledge about business
C.have more problems with prices
D.are less willing to buy products and services
10. What is mainly discussed in the passage? ______
A.digital revolution
B.digital marketing
C.cyber consumers
D.the impact of digital marketing on concepts like pricing
Passage 3
Greece, economically, is in the black. With very little to export other than such farm products as tobacco, cotton and fruit, the country earns enough from ‘invisible earnings’ to pay for its needed, growing imports. From the sending out of things the Greeks, earn only $285 million; from tourism, shipping and the remittances of Greeks abroad, the country takes in an additional #375 million and this washes out the almost $400 million by which imports exceed exports.
It has a balanced budget. Although more than one drachma out of four goes for defense, the government ended a recent year with a slight surplus -- $66 million. Greece has a decent reserve of almost a third of a billion dollars in gold and foreign exchange. It has a government not dependent on coalescing incompatible parties to
obtain parliamentary majorities.
In thus summarizing a few happy highlights, I don’t mean to minimize the vast extent of Greece’s problems. It is the poorest country by a wide margin in Free Europe, and poverty is widespread. At best an annual income of $60 to $70 is the lot of many a peasant, and substantial unemployment plagues the countryside, cities, and towns of Greece. There are few natural resources on which to build any substantial industrial base. Some years ago I wrote here:
“Greek statesmanship will have to create an atmosphere in which home and foreign savings will willingly seek investment opportunities in the back ward economy of Greece. So far, most American and other foreign attempt have bogged down in the Greek government’s red tape and shrewdness about small points.”
Great strides have been made. As far back as 1956, expanding tourism seemed a logical way to bring needed foreign currencies and additional jobs to Greece. At that time I talked with the Hilton Hotel people, who had been examining hotel possibilities, and to the Greek government division responsible for this area of the economy. They were hopelessly deadlocked in almost total differences of opinion and outlook.
Today most of the incredibly varied, beautiful, historical sights of Greece have new, if in many cases modest, tourist facilities. Tourism itself has jumped from approximately $31 million to over $90 million. There is both a magnificent new Hilton Hotel in Athens and a completely modernized, greatly expanded Grande Bretagne, as well as other first-rate new hotels. And the advent of jets has made Athens as accessible as Paris or Rome –without the sky-high prices of traffic-choked streets of either.
Questions:
11. The title below that best expresses the ideas of this passage is_________.
A. Greek income and expenditures
B. The improving economic situation in Greece
C. The value of tourism
D. Military expenditures
12. Many peasants earn less than _________.
A. $60 a week
B. $2 a week
C. $1 a day
D. $10 a month
13. The Greek Government spends __________.
A. more than 25%of its budget on military terms
B. More than its collects
C. A third of a billion dollars in gold
D. Less than 25% of its budget on military terms
14. According to the passage, Greece has _________.
A. a dictatorship
B. a monarchy
C. a single majority party
D. too much red tape
15. Greece imports annually goods and materials __________.
A. totaling almost $700 million
B. that balance exports
C. that are paid by tourists
D. costing $66 million
四、篇章翻译题（课外）
Passage A
纳斯达克开设北京代表处
随着各方吸引迅速增长的中国公司赴海外上市的争夺战愈演愈烈，纳斯达克(Nasdaq)昨日成为最新一个在北京开设代表处的全球证交所。
Nasdaq yesterday became the latest global exchange to open a representative office in Beijing, as the battle to lure fast-growing Chinese companies to list on overseas markets intensifies.
中国政府最近修改了有关规定，允许国外证交所在中国内地设立营销办事处。侧重科技行业的纳斯达克以及纽约证交所(NYSE)率先抓住了这一机会。
The technology-focused US exchange and the New York Stock Exchange are the first foreign groups to exploit a recent change of rules that permits non-Chinese bourses to establish marketing offices on the mainland.
纳斯达克副董事长、前美国国会议员迈克尔·奥克斯利(Michael Oxley)称，通过北京代表处，纳斯达克可以向那些希望进入这个“大联盟”的中国企业宣传美国的资本市场。
The office will allow Nasdaq to publicise US capital markets to Chinese companies wishing to enter the “big league”, according to Michael Oxley, the vice-chairman and a former US lawmaker.
近年来，已有几百家中国企业蜂拥至香港上市。而今年，在上海和深圳上市的内地企业也越来越多。
In recent years, several hundred Chinese companies have flocked to list in Hong Kong. This year, an increasing number of mainland companies have listed in Shanghai and Shenzhen.
相比之下，国际证交所很难吸引到中国公司前往上市，尤其是美国的证交所，原因是很多公司高管认为，自己的公司会受到繁重的监管，还要面临美国的诉讼环境。
International exchanges have, by comparison, struggled to attract Chinese issuers, with those in the US in particular hit by perceptions among business executives that their companies would be subject to onerous re gulation as well as the country’s litigious environment.
奥克斯利否认，对过度监管的恐惧会损害纳斯达克魅力攻势。他是美国2002年颁布的《萨班斯-奥克斯利法》(Sarbanes-Oxley Act)的联合提案人。
Mr Oxley, co-author of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act in the US in 2002, rebuffed concerns that fears of over-regulation would hurt Nasdaq’s charm offensive.
“你可以看到，自从实行《萨班斯-奥克斯利法》以来，全球的监管标准都有所提高，”他说道。“通过在美国上市，公司会达到最高监管标准。好的治理有益于公司。”
“You have seen an increase in regulatory standards worldwide since the introduction of Sarbanes-Oxley,”he said. “By listing in the US, companies reach the highest regulatory standards. Good governance is good for business.”
纳斯达克今年吸引了19家中国公司进行首次公开发行(IPO)，数目比去年提高一倍，也使得在纳斯达克上市的中国企业总数达到52家。
Nasdaq has attracted 19 initial public offerings of Chinese companies this year, double that of last year, raising the total to 52.
以前，纳斯达克吸引了相当一部分内地科技公司前去上市。不过，投资银行家们认为，上个月，中国领先的“BtoB”电子商务网站阿里巴巴(https://www.doczj.com/doc/1110496490.html,)在香港的上市取得了极大的成功，有助于香港吸引类似的IPO，对这家美国证交所构成了挑战。
It has traditionally attracted a significant proportion of mainland technology companies, although investment bankers believe last month’s hugely successful listing in Hong Kong of https://www.doczj.com/doc/1110496490.html,, China’s leading business-to-business website, could help the city attract similar IPOs at the expense of the US exchange.
Passage B
中国内地信用卡发行量去年翻倍
今日将发布的一份报告显示，过去一年，中国的信用卡发行量增长了逾一倍，中国正在形成信用卡文化。
The number of credit cards in circulation in China has more than doubled over the past year to more than 40m as a credit culture begins to take shape in the country, according to a report released today.
咨询公司麦肯锡(McKinsey)发布的报告显示，中国内地的信用卡普及率仍然远低于台湾和香港等可比地区，从而为信用卡行业留下了巨大的发展潜力。到2013年，该行业利润将
达130亿元人民币(合17.3亿美元)。
Penetration rates remain well below those in comparable societies like Taiwan and Hong Kong, leaving huge potential for an industry that should provide Rmb13bn ($1.73bn) in profits by 2013, according to the report from McKinsey, the consultancy.
不过，跨国银行仍然被禁止在中国内地发行信用卡，而中国国内银行的信用卡业务也仍未实现盈利。
But international banks re- main barred from issuing credit cards in China and the card business is still unprofitable for domestic banks.
该行业的增长潜力加大了中国政府的压力，迫使其出台外资银行期待已久的规定，允许它们在中国内地发行信用卡，从而兑现中国在加入世贸组织(WTO)时做出的在2006年底之前向外资提供“国民待遇”的承诺。
The sector’s growing potential increases pressure on Beijing to implement long-awaited rules allowing foreign banks to issue cards, in keeping with its World Trade Organization accession commitment to provide “nati onal treatment” by the end of 2006.
分析师表示，中国政府正在保护内地银行在这个初生行业中的利益，但预计很快就将向汇丰银行(HSBC)和花旗银行(Citibank)等外国银行业集团开放市场准入。目前，这些外资银行仅获准与中国内地合作伙伴发行联名信用卡。
Analysts say the government is protecting domestic banks in the fledgling sector but is soon expected to open it to foreign banking groups such as HSBC and Citibank, which are now only allowed to offer co-branded cards with domestic partners.
过去数年，中国政府一直鼓励发展消费信用行业，以促进私人消费，同时平衡中国严重依赖固定资产投资的快速经济增长。
For the last few years Beijing has encouraged the creation of a consumer credit industry to promote private consumption and rebalance China’s rapid economic growth, which relies heavily on fixed asset investment.
报告估计，过去4年，中国内地真正意义上信用卡的数量每年都实现了翻番，截至今年年中达到4300万张左右。
The report estimates the num- ber of true credit cards in China doubled for each of the last four years to reach about 43m by the middle of this year.
随着必需的支付基础设施在全国迅速扩张，中国消费者使用信用卡购买商品和服务的数量正迅速上升。
As the necessary payment infrastructure expands rapidly across the country, Chinese consumers are using credit cards to pay for an increasing array of goods and services.
Passage C
中国货币政策从“稳健”转为“从紧”
中国政府宣布，已将货币政策由“稳健”调整为“从紧”。这再度表明，政府担心目前两位数的经济增长会进一步加速。
China has announced it has shifted its monetary policy stance from “prudent”to “tightening”in another sign that Beijing is concerned about the acceleration of an economy already growing at double-digit rates.
本周在北京召开的中央经济工作会议正式作出了这一决定。它表明，中央政府越来越担心，在建筑业热潮升温的背景下，作为经济增长的主要推动力，投资也在再度升温。
The decision, formally taken at an annual economic conference in Beijing this week, signals growing concern that investment, the prime driver of growth, is picking up pace again on the back of rising construction.
政府还担心，目前仅限于食品的通货膨胀将会扩大到其它领域。中央政策表述的变化体现了这方面的担忧，也将给包括央行在内的政策制定者以更大的行动空间，以指导地方金融机构的贷款业务。
The government is also concerned that inflation, which has so far been confined to food, could spill over into other sectors. The change in language symbolizes such concerns and will give policymakers, including the central bank, greater leeway to dictate the lending practices of local financial institutions.
北京咨询公司龙洲经讯(Dragonomics)的数据显示，在2004至2006年间，因信贷紧缩和限制性土地政策，建筑业的增长略显萎缩，但在2007年和2008年，势将再次呈现25%的年增速。在政府发展经济适用房的决心推动下，出现了新一轮的繁荣。发展经济适用房是中国政府更广泛政策的一部分，目的是更为平均地分配经济增长所带来的好处。
Construction growth sagged slightly between 2004 and 2006 on credit tightening and restrictive land policies, but is now on track to grow 25 per cent year on year in 2007 and 2008, according to Dragonomics, a Beijing consultancy. The new boom has been driven by the government’s determination to boost low-cost housing as part of its broader policy to distribute the benefits of economic growth more evenly.
瑞银(UBS)驻香港的乔纳森?安德森(Jonathan Anderson)表示：“我不认为(中国央行)想要降低内需。央行只是想要避免任何形式的过快增长。”“I don’t think the [central bank] wants to slow down domestic demand. It just wants to avoid any acceleration in growth,”said Jonathan Anderson, of UBS, in Hong Kong.
中国经济在今年前三个季度的增速为11.5%。根据路透社(Reuters)昨天发布的一份投行经济学家调查报告，所有受调查者都认为，中国2008年的经济增速将会再次超过10%。
The economy grew 11.5 per cent in the first three quarters of this year. In a poll of investment bank economists published by Reuters yesterday, all said they expected growth to exceed 10 per cent again in 2008.
持久的通货膨胀尤其令人担心。由于食品价格持续走强，11月份的通胀率料将突破8月份和10月份的6.5%，再创新高。最新月度统计数据将于下周发布。
Persistent inflation is of particular concern, with new monthly figures for November, due to be released next week, on track to break the highs of August and October of 6.5 per cent, because of continued strong food prices.
本次经济工作会议之后发表的一份声明指出：“政府要采取有力措施抑制价格总水平过快上涨，加强……基本生活必需品和其他紧缺商品的生产。”
“The government should take powerful measures to restrain the general level of prices from increasing too fast, and strengthen the production of life necessities...”a statement released after the conference said.
商务英语期末考试参考答案 说明：商务英语期末考试有五种题型： 一、中英短语互译已经全部总结，见下文 二、问答题已经提供了参考答案，仅供参考，见下文 三、案例分析题请根据题目要求自行准备 四、英语段落翻译中文已经注明，请自己翻看商务英语教程 五、写作请根据题目要求自行准备 1、中英短语互译（详见商务英语课件——每个PPT中的短语部分） PPT1： 1. individual proprietorship个体经营，独资企业 2. convertible bonds 可转换债券 3. memorandum of association 公司章程 4. monopolistic competition 垄断竞争 5. business credit 商业信用 1. 财政资源 financial resources 2. 有限责任公司 limited company 3. 销售收入 sales revenue 4. 有形商品 tangible goods 5. 流动资金 working capital PPT2： 1. flexible manufacturing system 弹性生产系统 2. fractional reserve system 部分准备金制度
3. credit instruments 信用工具，信用票据 4. bull market/bear market 牛/熊或多头/空头市场 5. manufacturing process 制造工艺 1. 厂址选择 facility location 2. 库存控制 inventory control 3. 总支出 aggregate expenditures 4. 股权证/权益证 equity instruments 5. 财务管理 financial management PPT3： 1. performance appraisal 绩效/业绩评估 2. promotion-from-within 内部提拔 3. skills inventory 技术库存 4. macroeconomic ramification 宏观经济衍生物/结果 5. closed-end fund 封闭式基金 1. 项目生命周期 project life cycle 2. 软技能和硬技能 soft skills and hard skills 3. 补偿制度 compensation system 4. 开放式基金 open-ended fund 5. 优先股 preferred stock PP4： 1. profit-oriented objective 利润导向的目标 2. marketing intermediary 营销代理商
《电子商务英语》教学总结 通过本门课程的授课，我有以下几点感悟： 1.《电子商务英语》是伴随互联网高速发展应运而生的。在“互联网+教育”的背景下，众多新型的课堂模式应运而生，如慕课、翻转课堂、微课等。在课程设计上，最重要的就是避免只注重形式，而忽视内容建设的问题。 该课程实践与理论并重，在基于工作任务模块的基础上，开发网络实训微课程，学生可对照微课操作视频，自行在实训室实践演练。新型课堂模式的内容除了以基本的理论知识讲解为基础之外，还要增设一些电商企业相关工作人员的工作过程和内容的课程，如建立销售网络、订单处理方式、防火墙和安全策略的内容。让同学能够通过在线课程的学习，不断地强化理论知识的同时，增加对实际工作的了解。 2.《电子商务英语》在课程教学设计上最大的优势在于其实用性。除电子商务必须掌握的知识目标外，该课程的能力目标和素质目标更加贴合企业及市场对人才的需求。能力目标：①能用英语开展跨境电商产品描述的能力；②能用英语开展跨境电商店铺描述的能力；③能用英语开展跨境电商营销推广的能力；④能用英语开展跨境电商售前交流的能力；⑤能用英语开展跨境电商售中交流的能力；⑥能用英语开展跨境电商售后交流的能力；⑦能用英语表达跨境电商常见商品分类的能力。素质目标在于：培养具有吃苦耐劳、踏实肯干的精神；较好的语言表达与沟通协调能力；优良的团队合作精神；分析问题、解决问题的能力；正确的国际贸易观念、法制惯例观念；耐心细致、严谨认真的工作态度；诚信意识与责任意识；敬业乐业的工作作风。基于其务实的能力目标和素质目标，在教学设计上更加关注跨境电商平台各个交易流程顺利进行所涉及到的英文表达及语言特点分析。每个单元都有配套的项目实训训练，确保学生能够学以致用。《电子商务英语》这门课程是以“互联网+”为基础，紧密结合时代发展的产物。随着科学技术的日新月异，全球一体化的进程逐步加快，我们也应该结合实际情况及教学反馈，不断地对《跨境电商英语》的课程标准进行建设与更新，根据跨境电商人才的需求现状，改革教学模式，向社会输出更高品质和竞争实力的优秀人才。
新剑桥商务英语高级习题 答案 Last revision date: 13 December 2020.
English for Business Studies Key to Unit 01: The three sectors of the economy This unit covers a lot of basic vocabulary concerning developed economies much of it in an extract from a well-known British novel. It also discusses the evolution of the economy of most of the older industrialized countries, with the decline of manufacturing industry and its replacement by services. There is an extract from a magazine interview with an economist and an interview with a British Member of Parliament on this issue. 1a Vocabulary p09 Identify the most prominent features in this photograph, which illustrates various important elements of the infrastructure of a modern industrialized country. The photo clearly shows a large factory (the Unilever factory in Warrington, England) in the center, with more factories, industrial units, or warehouses in the top right-hand corner. The large factory seems to include some office buildings. Also visible are agricultural land (in the background; the land in the foreground doesn’t appear to be cultivated), a river, a railway and several roads, and housing, perhaps with a school in the center of the housing estate top left. 1b Reading p10 What is the key point that this extract is making about economies? The text suggests that most people take for granted the amazing complexity of the economic infrastructure. 1c Comprehension p11 lines 4-7, Robyn sees examples of all three. What are they? Tiny fields (the primary sector), factories (the secondary sector), and railways, motorways, shops, offices, and schools (the tertiary sector). long sentence from lines 12-28 lists a large number of operations belonging to the different sectors of the economy. Classify the 18 activities from the passage Primary sector: digging iron ore, mining coal. Secondary sector: assembling, building, cutting metal, laying cables, milling metal, smelting iron, welding metal. Tertiary sector: advertising products, calculating prices, distributing added value, maintenance, marketing products, packaging products, pumping oil, transportation. you think of three important activities to add to each list (not necessarily in relation to the kettle) Primary sector: farming (agriculture), fishing and forestry Secondary sector: manufacturing, transforming and processing Tertiary sector: financing, designing, retailing
广东外语外贸大学成人高等教育 商务英语（专科）2018学年第1学期 《商务英语阅读》试题（A 卷） 年级： 考试形式：闭卷 考试时间：90分钟 Part I Multiple Choices (15 points, 1 point each) Direction : There are 15 incomplete sentences in this part. For each sentence there are four Choices 1. The fifth generation computers, with artificial intelligence, _______ and perfected now. A. developed B. have developed C. are being developed D. will have been developed 2. Y ou _______ her in her office last Friday; she’s been out of town for two weeks. A. needn’t have seen B. must have seen C. might have seen D. can’t have seen 3. She’s always been kind to me – I can’t just turn ______on her now that she needs my help. A. my back B. my head C. my eye D. shoulder 4. Careful surveys have indicated that as many as 50 percent of patients do not take drugs _______ directed. A. like B. so C. which D. as 5. The _______ goal of the book is to help bridge the gap between research and teaching, particularly the gap between researchers and teachers. A. joint B. intensive C. overall D. decisive 6. W e can accept your order _______ payment is made in advance. A. in the belief that B. in order that C. on the excuse that D. on condition that 7. The medical experts warned the authorities of the danger of diseases in the _______ of the earthquake. A. consequence B. aftermath C. results D. effect 8. Research universities have to keep up with the latest computer and scientific hardware _______ price. A. on account of B. regardless of C. in addition to D. not to mention 9. I am surprised _______ this city is a dull place to live in. A. that you would think B. by what you are thinking C. that you should think D. with what you were thinking 10. Don’t let the child play with scissors _______ he cuts himself. A. in case B. so that C. now that D. only if 11. They always give the vacant seats to _______ comes first. A. whoever B. whomever C. who D. whom 12. Doing your homework is a sure way to improve your test scores, and this is especially true _______ it comes to classroom tests. A. when B. since C. before D. after 13. Personal computers are no longer something beyond the ordinary people; they are _______ available these days. A. promptly B. instantly C. readily D. quickly 14. Owing to _______ competition among the airlines, travel expenses have been reduced considerably . A. fierce B. strained C. eager D. critical 15. Doctor often ______uneasiness in the people they deal with. A. smell B. sense C. hear D. tough Part II Word Match (15 points, 1 point each) Direction : Match the following words with their definitions within each group of five words. Write Group 1 1. authentic A. having powers of learning, reasoning or understanding 2. commitment B. twist; changing shape 3. exaggerate C. a promise or decision to do something 4. intelligent D. real; true and accurate 5. distortion E. say more than the truth about something Group 2 6. authority A. basic; central; forming the necessary basis of something 7. donate B. something that is considered more important than other matters 8. substantial C. the right or ability to control 9. priority D. give something for the benefit of others 10. fundamental E. large in size, value or importance Part III Sentence Completion (10 points, 1 point each) 1. George is not only a skillful painter, but also a ______ writer. (talent) 2. The ________ John to Mary was announced in the newspapers yesterday . (engage) 3. I love the movie because the _______ is my favorite. (act) 4. _______ to say , this absent-minded professor left his umbrella in the classroom again. (need) 5. I'm afraid the girl is a little ________ for her age and height. (weight)
广东外语外贸大学公开学院辅导资料 商务英语翻译课程试卷 （课程代码：5355） 考生注意：1. 答案必须写在答卷上，写在问卷上无效。 2. 考试时间150分钟。 I. Multiple Choices (20 points, 2 points for each) 第一套试卷 1.It is not surprising, then, that the world saw a return to a floating exchange rate system. Central banks were no longer required to support their own currencies. A.在这种情况下，世界各国又恢复浮动汇率就不足为奇了。各国中央银行也就无须维持本币的汇价了。 B.不足为奇，全世界看到了汇率的回归，因此各国中央银行无需维持本币的汇价了。 C.此时此刻，世界各国又恢复了移动的交换比率，因此各国中央银行无需维持本币汇价。 D.在这种情况下，全世界又恢复了浮动交换率，这已不足为奇了，因此各国中央银行也就无需维持本币价格了。 2．Assuming the laboratory tests go well, and you can quote us a competitive price, we would certainly be able to place more substantial orders on a regular basis. A.假定实验室检验顺利，并且你的报价有竞争力，我们会大量向贵公司订货的。 B.若实验室检验合格，且你们给我们的报价具有竞争力，我们一定会定期大量订货的。 C.若实验室检验良好，且你们给出的报价具有竞争性，我们一定会定期定量订货的。 D.假定实验室发展良好，且你们的报价具有竞争力，我们一定会大量定期订货的。 3．Chinese researchers have made a breakthrough in developing new materials for nickel-hydrogen batteries used in low temperatures, Inhaul reported. A.中国研究者已经在开发新材料用于低温下使用的镍氢电池方面有了突破，据新华社报道。 B.新华社报道，中国科学家在从事新材料制造低温镍氢电池方面有了突破。 C.新华社报道，中国研究人员在开发利用新材料制造在低温下使用的镍氢电池方面已有了突破。 D.中国研究者在开发新材料制造低温镍氢电池有了重大突破，这是新华社报道的。 4. Since the initiation of economic reforms in the late 1970s, China has achieved impressive
Along with the deepening of economic globalization, development and accession to the WTO since the rapid growth of China's foreign trade, China and countries and regions all over the world economic and trade exchanges is becoming more frequent, English is engaged in foreign trade activities of business people for business exchanges and an important tool for communication. Business English trading activities have gradually become an indispensable part. Business English is a business application in the field of language, the language of the salient features of the application is professional and strong, meaning a relatively narrow face, the use of more scientific terms, professional. Many common English words in common, however, business English has its special meaning from the professional early seventies, linguists of the Language in Business English more and more interested in the use of. Pragmatic scientists, sports scientists and conversational analysts from different point of view of business with the characteristics of English language, stylistic features and characteristics of discourse. Business English language has its own characteristics of style, features and pragmatics of discourse characteristics. Business English sentences short, use active voice, present tense and the sentence, such as
《商务英语阅读》期末复习指导 一、课程说明 适于省开英语专业专科商务方向学习者使用。本课程选用的教材是由对外经济和贸易大学黄震华教授主编的《商务英语阅读》一书，中央广播电视大学2003年6月出版。共十八课，每课有正副课文各一篇，共三十六篇。 二、考试说明 考试的性质及方式：期末采用闭卷考试，时间90分钟。考核范围：广东电大编写的《商务英语阅读期末复习指导》；期末考试成绩计核方法：形成性考核成绩占30%，期末考试占70%。期末考试题型及所占比例：选择题（15%）；填空题（10%）； 翻译题（30%）；阅读理解（45%）。 三、综合复习 （一）选择题 1、C 2、D 3、D 4、A 5、C 6、B 7、B 8、B 9、A 10、B 11、A 12、A 13、A 14、C 15、A 16、C 17、C 18、C 19、C 20、C 21、A 22、D 23、C 24、A 25、B 26、A 27、A 28、D 29、C 30、B 31、D 32、B 33、C 34、B 35、C 36、C 37、C 38、B 39、D 40、D （二）填空题 1．用下列词填空： 1、air-conditioned； 2、handmade; 3、thunder-struck; 4、heart-felt; 5、data-based; 6、self-employed; 7、custom-built; 8、weather-beaten 2．用下列词填空： 1. structure 2. managers 3. benefits 4. margin 5. capital market 6. investment 7. marketing concept 8. raw material 9. shareholders 10. capital
2012-2013学年第一学期2011级《商务英语翻译》毕业清考A 卷答题卡 一，单项选择题（10X2’） 1.__ __D__ 2. ___A_____ 3.__ _C_______ 4. ____C__5. C___ B，（5X3’）6._ _D_____ 7. ______A___ 8._____C_______ 9. ___C____10. _____A___ 二．(10X2’) 11___e___12___g___13____g__14____b___15__j_____ 16___k___17___d____18____m___19___c___20__a___ 三．把下列句子译成汉语，注意翻译技巧（10X4’）黑体为主要评分点 21.他觉得把会议上讨论的事情告诉他妻子是不恰当的。 22. 你必须注意你方出口产品的质量 23. 我的升职多亏你的帮忙；我过去是，现在也是十分感激你的。 24.教师应在教学上有耐心。 25. 他无权签订这样的合同 26.他未遵守安全操作规则导致引擎事故的发生。 27. 显而易见，建一所中学的计划将会被取消 28. 他旅途中的所见所闻给他留下了深刻的印象。 29.他讲得太快了，我们不能听懂他说什么。 30.对亚洲事务感兴趣的大使不禁受宠若惊. 四．请将下面这封信函翻译成汉语，注意翻译技巧（15’） 尊敬的李先生： 4月15日有关付款条件的来函已经收悉。 本公司同意贵公司如下建议： 1. 以见票即付的保兑不可撤销信用证付款，而非见票直接付款。 2. 贵公司的报盘不会有折扣。以上建议获本公司总经理批准，今后将如述执行。现正拟订有关订单，十日内将送达贵公司。 诚望今后两公司间的会谈能促进双方的业务发展。 敬复
全国职业能力测评考试 高级商务英语模拟试题（一） 第一部分模拟试题 I．In each of the following questions and select a different 1．A、bread B、dream C、lead D、team 2．A、hole B、none C、old D、fold 3．A、house B、south C、touch D、mouth 4．A、bush B、must C、rub D、truck 5．A、ease B、mean C、head D、heat II.The following example from the sentence chosen the right answer 6 、Adults sometimes envy children who play all the time they themselves have to work.rain or shine. A、while B、once C、since D、though 7、Talking to foreigners is fun if you the right time and place. A、locate B、consider C、choose D、decide
8、A person with the blood type AB can any type of blood. A、apply B、recognize C、receive D、absorb 9、In a second-hand bookshop ,Billy came across a book which he thought was certainly a edition. A、rare B、scarce C、seldom D、hardly 10、The red color can stimulate all our ,including appetite. A、thoughts B、worries C、senses D、desires 11、While I was waiting for her ,I killed time looking in the show windows. A、by B、with C、in D、over 12、Mrs.London has that she is unable to get a job. A、such small education B 、so little education C、a such little education D、a so small education 13、I come yesterday ,but I could not. A、was to have B、must C、ought D、have to 14、He treats it a request for information. A、for B、as C、like D、by 15、They promised each other when they went to work. A、get in touch with B、getting in touch with C、to get in touch with D、to get touch with 16、She was too shy to speak . A、in public B、in the public C、in a public D、at public 17、I often thought of my childhood, I lived on a farm. A、when B、which C、where D、who 18、I don’t like this hat.Please show me . A、another B、the other C、others D 、both 19、They shopping,when someone knocked at the door. A、are about to B、are to go C、were about to go D、were to go 20、He gained his by printing of famous writers. A、wealth; work B、wealthy ; works C、wealthy; work D、wealth;works III.The following example from the short space select the right answer Nobody wants to be 21 .Unfortunately our bodies can 22 problems.When we aren’t 23 ,our bodies tell us .Sometimes a part of our bodies hurts. When a part of our bodies 24 ,we say we have aches and pains. We can have aches and pains in 25 parts of the body. We call some simple 26 proplems“aches”.For example, we can have a headache,a toothache,an earache,a backache or a stomachache.Other simple problems are not 27 aches,so we describe them in different ways. For example,we can 28 a sore throat,a sore leg ,a sore toe. “Pain”is another word that we use to 29 a problem.We can have a pain in the chest, a pain in the shoulder or a pain 30 the back.A pain is strong. Also, a pain hurts in a specific place. When aches and pains aren’t too31 ,we can buy medicine in the drugstore . Usually small aches go away 32 .When pain is more serious ,we 33 to visit the doctor(or the dentist).The doctor asks us what our 34 are.The doctor may have to do tests or take Xrays to 35 what is wrong .Then he or she will tell us what to do. 21、A、sleep B、bad C、cold D、sick
Unit 1~2 Mercantilism 重商主义 Neomeicantilist 新重商主义者 Trade surplus 贸易顺差 Quota and tariff 配额和关税 Government intervention 政府干预 Zero-sum game 零和博弈 Positive-sum game 常和博弈 The theory of absolute advantage 绝对优势理论 The theory of comparative advantage 比较优势理论 Factor endowments 要素禀赋理论 Product life cycle 产品生命周期（+theory ……理论） Economies of scale 规模经济 Diminishing returns 收益递减规律 Green revolution 绿色革命 Voluntary restriction 自动出口限制 Deposit 佣金 First mover advantage 先占优势 Barrier to entry 进入(市场)壁垒 Porter’s diamond theory 波特的钻石理论 National competitive advantage 国家竞争优势 The department of commerce 商务部 Letter of credit 信用证 Draft /bill of exchange 汇票 bill of lading B/L 提单 Sight draft 即期汇票 Time draft 远期汇票 Banker ‘s acceptance 银行承兑（+bill …汇票） Trade acceptance 商业承兑汇票 Countertrade 对等贸易 Barter 易货贸易 Switch trading 转手贸易 Offset 抵消 Counter purchase 互购贸易 Compensation trade 补偿贸易 Mercantilism suggests that it is in a country’s best interest to maintain a trade surplus -- to export more than it imports（重商主义就是保持贸易顺差以实现一国的最大利益---出口超过进口） Mercantilism advocates government intervention(介入) to achieve a surplus in the balance of trade （重商主义主张政府介入以便实现对外贸易顺差） It views trade as a zero-sum game - one in which a gain by one country results in a loss by another （将贸易看成零和博弈，一个国家收益一个国家受损） Absolute Advantage 绝对优势 Adam Smith argued that a country has an absolute advantage in the production of a product when it is more efficient than any other country in producing it 亚当斯密认为一个国家生产一种商品比其他任何国家效率都高时存在绝对优势 According to Smith, countries should specialize in the production of goods for which they have an absolute advantage and then trade these goods for the goods produced by other countries 按照亚当斯密的说法，各国应该专门生产具有绝对优势的商品，然后用他们交换其他国家生产的商品 The Benefit（好处） of Absolute Advantage and Free Trade The Principle for International Division of Labor–Absolute Advantage 国际分工的原则---绝对优势 The Consequence（结果） of Division of Labor and Free Trade 分工的结果和自由贸易 1. To Production: the Flow of the Factor of Production 生产要素的流动； the Efficiency of Factor Distribution 要素分配效率；the Quantity of Production 产品质量。 2. To Consumer: Welfare from Free Trade自由贸易福利: low price of imports and more consumption 低价格的进口更多的消费 Comparative Advantage比较优势 Ricardo’s theory of comparative advantage suggests that countries should specialize in the production of those goods they produce most efficiently and buy goods that they produce less efficiently from other countries, even if this means buying goods from other countries that they could produce more efficiently at home李嘉图的比较优势理论认为一个国家分工生产最有效率的产品，而从别国购买自己生产效率相对较低的产品，
商务英语翻译试题（三） Ⅰ词汇测试题：（2题，每题10分，共20分） 1．该组有10个商务英语英文词或词组，下面均有英文词或词组来进行解释。请将正确的选项标出，要求英英转换意义准确，符合商务英语规范。（10分） (1) credit A. a kind of money B. a method of paying at a later time C. currency D. charge or service (2) assign A. to take or move out B. to put sth in a particular order C. to choose or give a particular job to sb. D. to decide how sth will be made (3) to perform A. to project a program B. to contribute a fund C. to do an action or piece of work D. to cater for (4) to withhold A. to offer something for a decision B. to have a particular right to do C. to put something in a particular order D. to refuse to give or to keep back (5) to schedule A. to take on responsibility B. to trust in someone C. to bring in a consultant D. to list or state details (6) reimbursement A. to charge B. to pay back esp. money C. to claim for damages D. to ask for (7) qualify A. to make sth. Better B. to cause sb. to have the legal right to have or do sth. C. to choose sb. officially for a job D. to pay for the damage (8) put forward A. to arrange for something B. to come on something C. to put on an event D. to suggest an idea for consideration (9) to boost A. to take back or to remove B. to refuse to give C. to become less in number or smaller D. to improve or increase (10) to comply with