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附录A

JSP Technology Conspectus And Specialties The JSP (Java Server mix) technology is used by the Sun microsystem issue d by the company to develop dynamic Web application technology. With its easy, cross-platform, in many dynamic Web application programming languages, in a short span of a few years, has formed a complete set of standards, and widely u sed in electronic commerce, etc. In China, the JSP now also got more extensive a ttention, get a good development, more and more dynamic website to JSP techno logy. The related technologies of JSP are briefly introduced.

The JSP a simple technology can quickly and with the method of generating Web pages. Use the JSP technology Web page can be easily display dynamic con tent. The JSP technology are designed to make the construction based on Web a pplications easier and efficient, and these applications and various Web server, application server, the browser and development tools work together.

The JSP technology isn't the only dynamic web technology, also not the first one, in the JSP technology existed before the emergence of several excellent dyn amic web technology, such as CGI, ASP, etc. With the introduction of these tech nologies under dynamic web technology, the development and the JSP. Technica l

JSP the development background and development history

In web brief history, from a world wide web that most of the network inform ation static on stock transactions evolution to acquisition of an operation and in frastructure. In a variety of applications, may be used for based on Web client, l ook no restrictions.

Based on the browser client applications than traditional based on client/se rver applications has several advantages. These benefits include almost no limit client access and extremely simplified application deployment and management

(to update an application, management personnel only need to change the progr am on a server, not thousands of installation in client applications). So, the soft ware industry is rapidly to build on the client browser multi-layer application.

The rapid growth of exquisite based Web application requirements developm ent of technical improvements. Static HTML to show relatively static content is ri ght choice, The new challenge is to create the interaction based on Web applicati ons, in these procedures, the content of a Web page is based on the user's reque st or the state of the system, and are not predefined characters.

For the problem of an early solution is to use a CGI - BIN interface. Develope rs write to interface with the relevant procedures and separate based on Web ap plications, the latter through the Web server to invoke the former. This plan has serious problem -- each new extensible CGI requirements in a new process on th e server. If multiple concurrent users access to this procedure, these processes will use the Web server of all available resources, and the performance of the sys tem will be reduced to extremely low.

Some Web server providers have to provide for their server by plugins "and" the API to simplify the Web application development. These solutions are associa ted with certain Web server, cannot solve the span multiple suppliers solutions. For example, Microsoft's Active Server mix (ASP) technology in the Web page to c reate dynamic content more easily, but also can work in Microsoft on Personal Web Server and IIS.

There are other solutions, but cannot make an ordinary page designers can easily master. For example, such as the Servlet Java technologies can use Java l anguage interaction application server code easier. Developers to write such Ser vlet to receive signals from the Web browser to generate an HTTP request, a dyn amic response (may be inquires the database to finish the request), then send co ntain HTML or XML documents to the response of the browser.

note: one is based on a Java Servlet Java technical operation in the server p rogram (with different, the latter operating in the Applet browser end). In this bo

ok the Servlet chapter 4.

Using this method, the entire page must have made in Java Servlet. If develo pers or Web managers want to adjust page, you'll have to edit and recompile the Servlet Java, even in logic has been able to run. Using this method, the dynami c content with the application of the page still need to develop skills.

Obviously, what is needed is a industry to create dynamic content within th e scope of the pages of the solution. This program will solve the current scheme are limited. As follows:

can on any Web server or applications.

will application page displays and separation.

can rapidly developing and testing.

simplify the interactive development based on Web application process.

The JSP technology is designed to meet such requirements. The JSP specific ation is a Web server, application server, trading system and develop extensive c ooperation between the tool suppliers. From this standard to develop the existin g integration and balance of Java programming environment (for example, Java Servlet and JavaBeans) support techniques and tools. The result is a kind of ne w and developing method based on Web applications, using component-based a pplication logic page designers with powerful functions.

Overall Semantics of a JSP Page

A JSP page implementation class defines a _jspService() method mapping fro m the request to the response object. Some details of this transformation are spe cific to the scripting language used (see Chapter JSP.9, “Scripting”). Most deta ils are not language specific and are described in this chapter.

The content of a JSP page is devoted largely to describing the data that is wr itten into the output stream of the response. (The JSP container usually sends t his data back to the client.) The description is based on a JspWriter object that i s exposed through the implicit object out (see Section JSP.1.8.3, “Implicit Obje cts”). Its value varies:

Initially, out is a new JspWriter object. This object may be different from the stream object returned from response.getWriter(), and may be considered to be i nterposed on the latter in order to implement buffering (see Section JSP.1.10.1, “The page Directive”). This is the initial out object. JSP page authors are prohi bited from writing directly to either the PrintWriter or OutputStream associated with the ServletResponse.

The JSP container should not invoke response.getWriter() until the time whe n the first portion of the content is to be sent to the client. This enables a numb er of uses of JSP, including using JSP as a language to “glue” actions that deli ver binary content, or reliably forwarding to a servlet, or change dynamically the content type of the response before generating content. See Chapter JSP.4, “In ternationalization Issues”.

Within the body of some actions, out may be temporarily re-assigned to a dif ferent (nested) instance of a JspWriter object. Whether this is the case depends on the details of the action’s semantics. Typically the content of these tempora ry streams is appended to the stream previously referred to by out, and out is su bsequently re-assigned to refer to the previous (nesting) stream. Such nested str eams are always buffered, and require explicit flushing to a nesting stream or th eir contents will be discarded.

If the initial out JspWriter object is buffered, then depending upon the value of the autoFlush attribute of the page directive, the content of that buffer will ei ther be automaticallyflushed out to the ServletResponse output stream to obviat e overflow, or an exception shall be thrown to signal buffer overflow. If the initial out JspWriter is unbuffered, then content written to it will be passed directly th rough to the ServletResponse output stream.

A JSP page can also describe what should happen when some specific event s occur. In JSP 2.1, the only events that can be described are the initialization a nd the destruction of the page. These events are described using “well-known method names” in declaration elements..

JavaScript is used for the first kind is browser, the dynamic general purpose of client scripting language. Netscape first proposed in 1995, but its JavaScript LiveScript called. Then quickly Netscape LiveScript renamed JavaScript, Java de velopers with them from the same issued a statement. A statement Java and Jav aScript will complement each other, but they are different, so the technology of t he many dismissed the misunderstanding of the two technologies.

JavaScript to create user interface control provides a scripting language. In f act, in the browser into the JavaScript code logic. It can support such effect: wh en the cursor on the Web page of a mobile user input validation or transform im age.

Microsoft also write out their JavaScript version and the JScript called. Micr osoft and Netscape support JavaScript and JScript around a core characteristics and European Manufacturers is.md by (ECMA) standards organization, the con trol standard of scripting language. ECMA its scripting language ECMAScript na med.

Servlets and JSPs often include fragments of information that are common t o an organization, such as logos, copyrights, trademarks, or navigation bars. Th e web application uses the include mechanisms to import the information where ver it is needed, since it is easier to change content in one place then to maintai n it in every piece of code where it is used. Some of this information is static and either never or rarely changes, such as an organization's logo. In other cases, th e information is more dynamic and changes often and unpredictably, such as a t extual greeting that must be localized for each user. In both cases, you want to e nsure that the servlet or JSP can evolve independently of its included content, a nd that the implementation of the servlet or JSP properly updates its included c ontent as necessary.

You want to include a resource that does not change very much (such as a p age fragment that represents a header or footer) in a JSP. Use the include directi ve in the including JSP page, and give the included JSP segment a .jspf extensio

n.

You want to include content in a JSP each time it receives a request, rather than when the JSP is converted to a servlet. Use the jsp:include standard action . You want to include a file dynamically in a JSP, based on a value derived from a configuration file. Use the jsp:include standard action. Provide the value in an external properties file or as a configuration parameter in the deployment descri ptor.

You want to include a fragment of an XML file inside of a JSP document, or i nclude a JSP page in XML syntax. Use the jsp:include standard action for the in cludes that you want to occur with each request of the JSP. Use the jsp:directive .include element if the include action should occur during the translation phase.

You want to include a JSP segment from outside the including file's context. Use the c:import

The operation principle and the advantages of JSP tags

In this section of the operating principle of simple introduction JSP and stre ngths. For the first time in a JSP documents requested by the engine, JSP Servle t is transformed into a document JSP. This engine is itself a Servlet. The operati ng process of the JSP shown below:

(1) the JSP engine put the JSP files converting a Java source files (Servlet), if you find the files have any grammar mistake JSP, conversion process will interr upt, and to the server and client output error messages.

(2) if converted, with the engine JSP javac Java source file compiler into a co rresponding scale-up files.

(3) to create a the Servlet (JSP page), the transformation of the Servlet jspIni t () method was executed, jspInit () method in the life cycle of Servlet executed on ly once.

(4) jspService () method invocation to the client requests. For each request, J SP engine to create a new thread for processing the request. If you have multiple

clients and request the JSP files, JSP engine will create multiple threads. Each client requests a thread. To execute multi-thread can greatly reduce the require ment of system resources, improving the concurrency value and response time. But also should notice the multi-thread programming, due to the limited Servlet always in response to memory, so is very fast.

(5) if the file has been modified. The JSP, server will be set according to the document to decide whether to recompile, if need to recompile, will replace the S ervlet compile the memory and continue the process.

(6) although the JSP efficiency is high, but at first when the need to convert and compile and some slight delay. In addition, if at any time due to reasons of s ystem resources, JSP engine will in some way of uncertain Servlet will remove fr om memory. When this happens jspDestroy () method was first call.

(7) and then Servlet examples were marked with "add" garbage collection. B ut in jspInit () some initialization work, if establish connection with database, or to establish a network connection, from a configuration file take some parameter s, such as, in jspDestory () release of the corresponding resources.

Based on a Java language has many other techniques JSP page dynamic ch aracteristics, technical have embodied in the following aspects:

One simplicity and effectiveness

The JSP dynamic web pages with the compilation of the static HTML pages o f writing is very similar. Just in the original HTML page add JSP tags, or some of the proprietary scripting (this is not necessary). So, a familiar with HTML page write design personnel may be easily performed JSP page development. And the developers can not only, and write script by JSP tags used exclusively others ha ve written parts to realize dynamic pages. So, an unfamiliar with the web develo pers scripting language, can use the JSP make beautiful dynamic pages. And thi s in other dynamic web development is impossible.

Tow the independence of the program

The JSP are part of the family of the API Java, it has the general characterist

ics of the cross-platform Java program. In other words, is to have the procedure, namely the independence of the platform, 6 Write bided anywhere! .

Three procedures compatibility

The dynamic content can various JSP form, so it can show for all kinds of c ustomers, namely from using HTML/DHTML browser to use various handheld w ireless equipment WML (for example, mobile phones and pdas), personal digital equipment to use XML applications, all can use B2B JSP dynamic pages.

Four program reusability.

In the JSP page can not directly, but embedded scripting dynamic interactio n will be cited as a component part. So, once such a component to write, it can be repeated several procedures, the program of the reusability. Now, a lot of stan dard JavaBeans library is a good example.

附录B

JSP技术简介及特点

JSP(Java Server Pages)技术是由Sun公司发布的用于开发动态Web应用的一项技术。它以其简单易学、跨平台的特性,在众多动态Web应用程序设计语言中异军突起,在短短几年中已经形成了一套完整的规范,并广泛地应用于电子商务等各个领域中。在国内,JSP 现在也得到了比较广泛的重视,得到了很好的发展,越来越多的动态网站开始采用JSP技术。下面就对JSP及其相关技术进行简单的介绍。JSP技术可以以一种简捷而快速的方法生成Web 页面。使用JSP技术的Web页面可以很容易地显示动态内容。JSP技术的设计目的是使得构造基于Web的应用程序更加容易和快捷,而这些应用程序能够与各种Web服务器、应用服务器、浏览器和开发工具共同工作。

JSP技术不是惟一的动态网页技术,也不是第一个,在JSP技术出现之前就已经存在几种优秀的动态网页技术,如CGI、ASP等。下面结合这些技术的介绍,讲述动态网页技术的发展和JSP技术的诞生。

JSP的开发背景及发展历史:

在万维网短暂的历史中,万维网已经从一个大部分显示静态信息的网络演化到对股票进行交易和进行购书操作的一个基础设施。在各种各样的应用程序中,对于可能使用的基于Web的客户端,看上去没有任何限制。

基于浏览器客户端的应用程序比传统的基于客户机/服务器的应用程序有几个好处。这些好处包括几乎没有限制的客户端访问和极其简化的应用程序部署和管理(要更新一个应用程序,管理人员只需要更改一个基于服务器的程序,而不是成千上万的安装在客户端的应用程序)。这样,软件工业正迅速地向建造基于浏览器客户端的多层次应用程序迈进。

这些快速增长的精巧的基于Web的应用程序要求开发技术上的改进。静态HTML对于显示相对静态的内容是不错的选择;新的挑战在于创建交互的基于Web的应用程序,在这些程序中,页面的内容是基于用户的请求或者系统的状态,而不是预先定义的文字。

对于这个问题的一个早期解决方案是使用CGI-BIN接口。开发人员编写与接口相关的单独的程序,以及基于Web的应用程序,后者通过Web服务器来调用前者。这个方案有着严重的扩展性问题——每个新的CGI要求在服务器上新增一个进程。如果多个用户并发地访问该程序,这些进程将消耗该Web服务器所有的可用资源,并且系统性能会降低到极其低下的地步。

某些Web服务器供应商已经尝试通过为他们的服务器提供“插件”和API来简化Web 应用程序的开发。这些解决方案是与特定的Web服务器相关的,不能解决跨多个供应商的解决方案的问题。例如,微软的Active Server Pages(ASP)技术使得在Web页面上创建动态内容更加容易,但也只能工作在微软的IIS和Personal Web Server上。

还存在其他的解决方案,但都不能使一个普通的页面设计者能够轻易地掌握。例如,像Java Servlet这样的技术就可以使得用Java语言编写交互的应用程序的服务器端的代码变得容易。开发人员能够编写出这样的Servlet,以接收来自Web浏览器的HTTP请求,动态地生成响应(可能要查询数据库来完成这项请求),然后发送包含HTML或XML文档的响应到浏览器。

注意:一个Java Servlet就是一个基于Java技术的运行在服务器端的程序(与Applet 不同,后者运行在浏览器端)。Servlet会在本书第4章介绍。

采用这种方法,整个网页必须都在Java Servlet中制作。如果开发人员或者Web管理人员想要调整页面显示,就不得不编辑并重新编译该Java Servlet,即使在逻辑上已经能够运行了。采用这种方法,生成带有动态内容的页面仍然需要应用程序的开发技巧。

很显然,目前所需要的是一个业界范围内的创建动态内容页面的解决方案。这个方案将解决当前方案所受到的限制。如下:

能够在任何Web或应用程序服务器上运行。将应用程序逻辑和页面显示分离。能够快速地开发和测试。

简化开发基于Web的交互式应用程序的过程。

JSP技术就是被设计用来满足这样的要求的。JSP规范是Web服务器、应用服务器、交易系统以及开发工具供应商间广泛合作的结果。Sun开发出这个规范来整合和平衡已经存在的对Java编程环境(例如,Java Servlet和JavaBeans)进行支持的技术和工具。其结果是产生了一种新的、开发基于Web应用程序的方法,给予使用基于组件应用逻辑的页面设计者以强大的功能。

JSP页整体语义JSP页实施类定义一个_ jspService() 方法映射反应对象的请求。这些变革细节是具体用于脚本语言(参见Chapter JSP.9, “Scripting”)。多数细节不是具体语言,这些细节在这个章节里描述。

JSP页的内容主要致力于描述被写入反应的输出流的数据(JSP容器通常传送返回给客户的数据。)描述是根据JspWriter对象它通过隐含对象暴露值的变化:

首先, 定义一个JspWriter 对象,这个对象不同于response.getWriter()返回对象。并且为了实施中间转换,可以认为是插入到buffering。这是最初外在对象。JSP 页作者对于PrintWriter 或OutputStream 相关的ServletResponse被禁止写直接写入。

JSP容器不响应response.getWriter()直到第一部份内容送到客户。JSP对“glue”动作是一种语言,它是二进制。或于servlet相关, 或在引起内容之前改变反应类型内容。参照JSP.4,“Internationalization Issues”.

在一些动作主体中,输出不同于JspWriter对象实例的再分配,这取决于动作的细节。典型临时数据流添加到先前的输出流,随后输出数据流再分配到先前数据流(嵌套)。Nested streams总被缓冲,并且明确要求缓冲嵌套数据流或被摈除的内容。

如果out JspWriter 对象数据缓冲区满, 则取决于autoFlush属性值,缓冲内容自动输入到ServletResponse output stream ,消除溢出;或抛出缓冲溢出的信号。如果JspWriter不溢出, 写入的内容将被直接送入ServletResponse输出流。

JSP页也能描述一些应该发生的具体事件。在JSP 2.1, 可被描述的唯一事件是初始化和页的损坏。在声明元素“well-known methodnames”中描述。(参见JSP.11.1.1.1, “Protocol Seen by theJSP Page Author”).

JavaScript是用于浏览器的第一种具有通用目的、动态的客户端脚本语言。Netscape 于1995年首先提出了JavaScript,但当时将其称为LiveScript。后来Netscape迅速地将LiveScript改名为JavaScript,Java的开发商Sun与他们在同一年发表了一项声明。声明中指出Java和JavaScript将互相补充,但它们是截然不同的技术,这样才打消了很多人对

这两项技术的错误理解。

JavaScript为创建用户界面控件提供了一种脚本语言。事实上,JavaScript在浏览器中插入了代码逻辑。它可以支持这样的效果:当光标在Web页的某个位置移动时验证用户输入或者变换图像。

Microsoft也编写出了自己的JavaScript版本并将其称为JScript。Microsoft和NetscapeJavaScript和JScript(European Computer Manufacturers Association,ECMA)标准组织控制的脚本语言标准。ECMA将其脚本语言命名为ECMAScript。

servlet和JSP经常包括一些组织中常见的信息,如logo、版本、商标或导航条。Web 应用程序使用导入机制在任何所需的位置导入这些信息,因为这样可以很容易地在一个地方改变内容,然后维持在所有使用它的代码中。有些信息是静态的,永远不会或很少会改变,如组织的logo。在其他情况下,信息是动态的,经常在不可预见的时候改变,如必须针对每个用户的文本欢迎语。在这两种情况下,你可能都希望保证servlet或JSP可以独立于所导入的内容进行开发,servlet或JSP的实现在必要时正确地更新其导入的内容。

希望在JSP中导入不经常改变的资源。在导入JSP页面中使用include指令,并给予被导入的JSP代码段.jsp扩展名。

希望在JSP每次接收请求时,而不是在JSP转换为servlet时导入内容。使用jsp:include标准动作。

希望在JSP中根据从配置文件取得的值,动态地导入文件。使用jsp:include标准动作。在外部特性文件中提供它的值,或作为部署描述文件中的配置参数来提供。

希望在JSP文档中导入一段XML文件,或导入XML语法的JSP页面。要在每次请求时进行导入,使用jsp:include标准动作。如果要在翻译阶段进行导入,使用jsp:directive。include元素。JSP的运行原理与优点

在本节中简单介绍JSP的运行原理与优点。

在一个JSP文件第一次被请求时,JSP引擎把该JSP文件转换成为一个Servlet。而这个引擎本身也是一个Servlet。JSP的运行过程如下所示:

(1)JSP引擎先把该JSP文件转换成一个Java源文件(Servlet),在转换时如果发现JSP文件有任何语法错误,转换过程将中断,并向服务端和客户端输出出错信息。

(2)如果转换成功,JSP引擎用javac把该Java源文件编译成相应的class文件。

(3)创建一个该Servlet(JSP页面的转换结果)的实例,该Servlet的jspInit()方法被执行,jspInit()方法在Servlet的生命周期中只被执行一次。

(4)jspService()方法被调用来处理客户端的请求。对每一个请求,JSP引擎创建一个新的线程来处理该请求。如果有多个客户端同时请求该JSP文件,则JSP引擎会创建多个线程。每个客户端请求对应一个线程。以多线程方式执行可以大大降低对系统的资源需求,提高系统的并发量及响应时间。但不过也应该注意多线程的编程限制,由于该Servlet始终驻于内存,所以响应是非常快的。

(5)如果.jsp文件被修改了,服务器将根据设置决定是否对该文件重新编译,如果需要重新编译,则将编译结果取代内存中的Servlet,并继续上述处理过程。

(6)虽然JSP效率很高,但在第一次调用时由于需要转换和编译而有一些轻微的延迟。此外,在任何时候如果由于系统资源不足的原因,JSP引擎将以某种不确定的方式将Servlet从内存中移去。当这种情况发生时jspDestroy()方法首先被调用。

(7)然后Servlet实例便被标记加入“垃圾收集”处理。可在jspInit()中进行一些初始化工作,如建立与数据库的连接,或建立网络连接,从配置文件中取一些参数等,在jspDestory()中释放相应的资源。

基于Java语言的JSP技术具有很多其他动态网页技术所没有的特点,具体表现在如下方面:1.简便性和有效性

JSP动态网页的编写与一般的静态HTML的网页编写是十分相似的。只是在原来的HTML 网页中加入一些JSP专有的标签,或是一些脚本程序(此项不是必需的)。这样,一个熟悉HTML网页编写的设计人员可以很容易进行JSP网页的开发。而且开发人员完全可以不自己编写脚本程序,而只是通过JSP独有的标签使用别人已写好的部件来实现动态网页的编写。这样,一个不熟悉脚本语言的网页开发者,完全可以利用JSP做出漂亮的动态网页。而这在其他的动态网页开发中是不可实现的。

2.程序的独立性

JSP是Java API家族的一部分,它拥有一般的Java程序的跨平台的特性。换句话说,就是拥有程序的对平台的独立性,即Write once,Run anywhere!。

3.程序的兼容性

SP中的动态内容可以各种形式进行显示,所以它可以为各种客户提供服务,即从使用HTML/DHTML的浏览器,到使用WML的各种手提无线设备(例如,移动电话和个人数字设备PDA),再到使用XML的B2B应用,都可以使用JSP的动态页面。

4.程序的可重用性

在JSP页面中可以不直接将脚本程序嵌入,而只是将动态的交互部分作为一个部件加以

引用。这样,一旦这样的一个部件写好,它可以为多个程序重复引用,实现了程序的可重用性。现在,大量的标准JavaBeans程序库就是一个很好的例证。

欲从导入文件的上下文之外导入JSP代码段。使用c:import JSTL核心标记。

文献二:

附录A

THE TECHNIQUE DEVELOPMENT HISTORY OF JSP The Java Server Pages( JSP) is a kind of according to web of the script plait distance technique, similar carries the script language of Java in the server of th e Netscape company of server- side JavaScript( SSJS) and the Active Server Page s(ASP) of the Microsoft. JSP compares the SSJS and ASP to have better can expa nd sex, and it is no more exclusive than any factory or some one particular serve r of Web. Though the norm of JSP is to be draw up by the Sun company of, any f actory can carry out the JSP on own system.

The After Sun release the JSP( the Java Server Pages) formally, the this kind of new Web application development technique very quickly caused the people' s concern. JSP provided a special development environment for the Web applicat ion that establishes the high dynamic state. According to the Sun parlance, the JSP can adapt to include the Apache WebServer, IIS4.0 on the market at inside of 85% server product.

This chapter will introduce the related knowledge of JSP and Databases, an d JavaBean related contents, is all certainly rougher introduction among them b asic contents, say perhaps to is a Guide only, if the reader needs the more detail ed information, pleasing the book of consult the homologous JSP.

1.1 GENERALIZE

The JSP(Java Server Pages) is from the company of Sun Microsystems initiat e, the many companies the participate to the build up the together of the a kind the of dynamic the state web the page technique standard, the it have the it in t he construction the of the dynamic state the web page the strong but the do not the especially of the function. JSP and the technique of ASP of the Microsoft is v ery alike. Both all provide the ability that mixes with a certain procedure code a nd is explain by the language engine to carry out the procedure code in the code of HTML. Underneath we are simple of carry on the introduction to it.

JSP pages are translated into servlets. So, fundamentally, any task JSP pag es can perform could also be accomplished by servlets. However, this underlying equivalence does not mean that servlets and JSP pages are equally appropriate in all scenarios. The issue is not the power of the technology, it is the convenien ce, productivity, and maintainability of one or the other. After all, anything you c an do on a particular computer platform in the Java programming language you could also do in assembly language. But it still matters which you choose.

SP provides the following benefits over servlets alone:

? It is easier to write and maintain the HTML. Your static code is ordinary HTML: no extra backslashes, no double quotes, and no lurking Java syntax.

? You can use standard Web-site development tools. Even HTML tools that know nothing about JSP can be used because they simply ignore the JSP tags.

? You can divide up your development team. The Java programmers can w ork on the dynamic code. The Web developers can concentrate on the presentati on layer. On large projects, this division is very important. Depending on the siz e of your team and the complexity of your project, you can enforce a weaker or s tronger separation between the static HTML and the dynamic content.

Now, this discussion is not to say that you should stop using servlets and u se only JSP instead. By no means. Almost all projects will use both. For some re quests in your project, you will use servlets. For others, you will use JSP. For sti

ll others, you will combine them with the MVC architecture . You want the appro priate tool for the job, and servlets, by themselves, do not complete your toolkit.

1.2 SOURCE OF JSP

The technique of JSP of the company of Sun, making the page of Web develo p the personnel can use the HTML perhaps marking of XML to design to turn th e end page with format. Use the perhaps small script future life of marking of JS P becomes the dynamic state on the page contents.( the contents changes accor ding to the claim of)

The Java Servlet is a technical foundation of JSP, and the large Web applies the development of the procedure to need the Java Servlet to match with with th e JSP and then can complete, this name of Servlet comes from the Applet, the lo cal translation method of now is a lot of, this book in order not to misconstructio n, decide the direct adoption Servlet but don't do any translation, if reader woul d like to, can call it as" small service procedure". The Servlet is similar to traditio nal CGI, ISAPI, NSAPI etc. Web procedure development the function of the tool i n fact, at use the Java Servlet hereafter, the customer need not use again the lo wly method of CGI of efficiency, also need not use only the ability come to born p age of Web of dynamic state in the method of API that a certain fixed Web server terrace circulate. Many servers of Web all support the Servlet, even not support the Servlet server of Web directly and can also pass the additional applied server and the mold pieces to support the Servlet. Receive benefit in the characteristic of the Java cross-platform, the Servlet is also a terrace irrelevant, actually, as lo ng as match the norm of Java Servlet, the Servlet is complete to have nothing to do with terrace and is to have nothing to do with server of Web. Because the Jav a Servlet is internal to provide the service by the line distance, need not start a p rogress to the each claimses, and make use of the multi-threading mechanism c an at the same time for several claim service, therefore the efficiency of Java Ser vlet is very high.

But the Java Servlet also is not to has no weakness, similar to traditional C

GI, ISAPI, the NSAPI method, the Java Servlet is to make use of to output the H TML language sentence to carry out the dynamic state web page of, if develop th e whole website with the Java Servlet, the integration process of the dynamic sta te part and the static state page is an evil-foreboding dream simply. For solving t his kind of weakness of the Java Servlet, the SUN released the JSP.

A number of years ago, Marty was invited to attend a small 20-person indus try roundtable discussion on software technology. Sitting in the seat next to Mar ty was James Gosling, inventor of the Java programming language. Sitting sever al seats away was a high-level manager from a very large software company in R edmond, Washington. During the discussion, the moderator brought up the subj ect of Jini, which at that time was a new Java technology. The moderator asked the manager what he thought of it, and the manager responded that it was too e arly to tell, but that it seemed to be an excellent idea. He went on to say that the y would keep an eye on it, and if it seemed to be catching on, they would follow his company's usual "embrace and extend" strategy. At this point, Gosling lighth eartedly interjected "You mean disgrace and distend."

Now, the grievance that Gosling was airing was that he felt that this compa ny would take technology from other companies and suborn it for their own pur poses. But guess what? The shoe is on the other foot here. The Java community did not invent the idea of designing pages as a mixture of static HTML and dyna mic code marked with special tags. For example, Cold Fusion did it years earlier. Even ASP (a product from the very software company of the aforementioned ma nager) popularized this approach before JSP came along and decided to jump on the bandwagon. In fact, JSP not only adopted the general idea, it even used ma ny of the same special tags as ASP did.

The JSP is an establishment at the model of Java servlets on of the expressi on layer technique, it makes the plait write the HTML to become more simple.Be like the SSJS, it also allows you carry the static state HTML contents and serve rs the script mix to put together the born dynamic state exportation. JSP the scr

ipt language that the Java is the tacit approval, however, be like the ASP and ca n use other languages( such as JavaScript and VBScript), the norm of JSP also allows to use other languages.

1.3JSP CHARACTERISTICS

Is a service according to the script language in some one language of the sta tures system this kind of discuss, the JSP should be see make is a kind of script language.

However, be a kind of script language, the JSP seemed to be too strong again, al most can use all Javas in the JSP.

Be a kind of according to text originally of, take manifestation as the central development technique, the JSP provided all advantages of the Java Servlet, and , when combine with a JavaBeans together, providing a kind of make contents a nd manifestation that simple way that logic separate. Separate the contents and advantage of logical manifestations is, the personnel who renews the page extern al appearance need not know the code of Java, and renew the JavaBeans person nel also need not be design the web page of expert in hand, can use to take the page of JavaBeans JSP to define the template of Web, to build up a from have th e alike external appearance of the website that page constitute. JavaBeans comp letes the data to provide, having no code of Java in the template thus, this mean s that these templates can be written the personnel by a HTML plait to support. Certainly, can also make use of the Java Servlet to control the logic of the websit e, adjust through the Java Servlet to use the way of the document of JSP to sepa rate website of logic and contents.

Generally speaking, in actual engine of JSP, the page of JSP is the edit and t ranslate type while carry out, not explain the type of. Explain the dynamic state web page development tool of the type, such as ASP, PHP3 etc., because speed e tc. reason, have already can't satisfy current the large electronic commerce need s appliedly, traditional development techniques are all at to edit and translate th e executive way change, such as the ASP → ASP+;PHP3 → PHP4.

In the JSP norm book, did not request the procedure in the JSP code part( b e called the Scriptlet) and must write with the Java definitely. Actually, have so me engines of JSP are adoptive other script languages such as the EMAC- Script , etc., but actually this a few script languages also are to set up on the Java, edit and translate for the Servlet to carry out of. Write according to the norm of JSP, have no Scriptlet of relation with Java also is can of, however, mainly lie in the ability and JavaBeans, the Enterprise JavaBeanses because of the JSP strong fu nction to work together, so even is the Scriptlet part not to use the Java, edit an

d translat

e o

f performance code also should is related with Java.

1.4JSP MECHANISM

To comprehend the JSP how unite the technical advantage that above vario us speak of, come to carry out various result easily, the customer must underst and the differentiation of" the module develops for the web page of the center" an d" the page develops for the web page of the center" first.

The SSJS and ASP are all in several year ago to release, the network of that time is still very young, no one knows to still have in addition to making all busi ness, datas and the

xpression logic enter the original web page entirely heap what better solve the m ethod. This kind of model that take page as the center studies and gets the very fast development easily. However, along with change of time, the people know th at this kind of method is unwell in set up large, the Web that can upgrade applie s the procedure. The expression logic write in the script environment was lock in the page, only passing to shear to slice and glue to stick then can drive heavy u se. Express the logic to usually mix together with business and the data logics, when this makes be the procedure member to try to change an external appeara nce that applies the procedure but do not want to break with its llied business l ogic, apply the procedure of maintenance be like to walk the similar difficulty on the eggshell. In fact in the business enterprise, heavy use the application of the module already through very mature, no one would like to rewrite those logics fo

r their applied procedure.HTML and sketch the designer handed over to the impl ement work of their design the Web plait the one who write, make they have to d ouble work- Usually is the handicraft plait to write, because have no fit tool and can carry the script and the HTML contents knot to the server to put together. C hien but speech, apply the complexity of the procedure along with the Web to pr omote continuously, the development method that take page as the center limits sex to become to get up obviously.

At the same time, the people always at look for the better method of build up the Web application procedure, the module spreads in customer's machine / server the realm. JavaBeans and ActiveX were published the company to expa nd to apply the procedure developer for Java and Windows to use to come to dev elop the complicated procedure quickly by" the fast application procedure develo pment"( RAD) tool. These techniques make the expert in the some realm be able to write the module for the perpendicular application plait in the skill area, but t he developer can go fetch the usage directly but need not control the expertise of this realm.

Be a kind of take module as the central development terrace, the JSP appear ed. It with the JavaBeans and Enterprise JavaBeans( EJB) module includes the model of the business and the data logic for foundation, provide a great deal of l abel and a script terraces to use to come to show in the HTML page from the con tents of JavaBeans creation or send a present in return. Because of the property that regards the module as the center of the JSP, it can drive Java and not the developer of Java uses equally. Not the developer of Java can pass the JSP label( Tags) to use the JavaBeans that the deluxe developer of Java establish. The dev eloper of Java not only can establish and use the JavaBeans, but also can use t he language of Java to come to control more accurately in the JSP page accordin g to the expression logic of the first floor JavaBeans.

See now how JSP is handle claim of HTTP. In basic claim model, a claim dir ectly was send to JSP page in. The code of JSP controls to carry on hour of the l

ogic processing and module of JavaBeanses' hand over with each other, and the manifestation result in dynamic state bornly, mixing with the HTML page of the static state HTML code. The Beans can be JavaBeans or module of EJBs. Moreo ver, the more complicated claim model can see make from is request other JSP p ages of the page call sign or Java Servlets.

The engine of JSP wants to chase the code of Java that the label of JSP, cod e of Java in the JSP page even all converts into the big piece together with the st atic state HTML contents actually. These codes piece was organized the Java Ser vlet that customer can not see to go to by the engine of JSP, then the Servlet edi ts and translate them automatically byte code of Java.

Thus, the visitant that is the website requests a JSP page, under the conditi on of it is not knowing, an already born, the Servlet actual full general that prep ared to edit and translate completes all works, very concealment but again and e fficiently. The Servlet is to edit and translate of, so the code of JSP in the web pa ge does not need when the every time requests that page is explain. The engine o f JSP need to be edit and translate after Servlet the code end is modify only once , then this Servlet that editted and translate can be carry out. The in view of the fact JSP engine auto is born to edit and translate the Servlet also, need not proc edure member begins to edit and translate the code, so the JSP can bring vivid s ex that function and fast developments need that you are efficiently.

Compared with the traditional CGI, the JSP has the equal advantage. First, on the speed, the traditional procedure of CGI needs to use the standard import ation of the system to output the equipments to carry out the dynamic state web page born, but the JSP is direct is mutually the connection with server. And say for the CGI, each interview needs to add to add a progress to handle, the progre ss build up and destroy by burning constantly and will be a not small burden fo r calculator of be the server of Web. The next in order, the JSP is specialized to d evelop but design for the Web of, its purpose is for building up according to the Web applied procedure, included the norm and the tool of a the whole set. Use t

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