非谓语动词
非谓语动词的概念: 在句子中不能做谓语的动词形式叫做非谓语动词. 它不受人称和数的限制.
非谓语动词分为三种形式: 不定式：to do
动名词：v-ing 用做名词
分词（现在分词doing和过去分词V-ed）（高考）
考点一：不定式
1.不定式的基本形式是to＋动词原形，它具有动词的特点，即可以有自己的宾语和状语，但它没有人称与数的变化，在句中也不能作谓语，动词不定式和自己的宾语和状语构成不定式短语。
动词不定式的基本形式为：to+动词原形（不定式符号to有时可以省略）；其否定形式为：not to+动词原形。如：My father asked me not to read in bed.
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2.不定式的句法作用动词不定式具有名词、形容词和副词的作用，它可以作主语、宾语、宾补和状语。
(1)作主语
动词不定式作主语时，常用it作形式主语，而将真正的主语放在句末，
It＋be＋形容词＋(for sb)＋动词不定式。
It's important (for us) to protect environment.
注: kind，good，nice，clever等表示人的品质的形容词后，不用for而用of。
It's very kind of you to help me.
(2)作宾语
He wants to go out with her.
注:①一些谓语动词后只能用不定式作宾语，常见的这类词表示命令、打算或希望，如：would like，want，wish，hope，decide，plan，expect，pretend等。
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Would you like to see a film this evening
②当不定式作宾语时，通常还可以用it作形式宾语，真正的宾语是不定式。
在find，think后跟不定式作宾语时，常用it代替，而将真正的宾语放在句末。
I find it easy to read English every day.
(3)作表语
句型：主语+ be + to do sth .
如：My group’s task is to find out the cost to go by train.
（4）作目的状语
>
如：He opened the door for her to come in. 他打开门让她进来。
I get up early to catch the first bus.我早起为了赶上首班车。
(5)作宾语补足语
①不能省略to：
ask. tell . order . force. want. invite. expect . encourage . advise. teach . promise. warn. allow . remind . help.
如：Tina told her sister to turn down the TV.蒂娜让她姐姐把电视机的音量调小点。
My mother asks me not to read in the bed.我妈妈不让我在床上看书。
②必须省略to的动词不定式（一感，二听，三让，四看见。）
常见省略to的动词不定式的搭配有：
&
如：My mother makes me help that old woman.我妈妈让我帮助那位老妇人。
I often see him run on the road.我经常看到他在马路上跑步。
③常见不带to的句型有：
}
(6), 作后置定语
如：The best way to travel there is by train.
【知识拓展】
①不定式常和疑问词what，which，when，where，how连用，相当于一个宾语从句：
The teacher is telling the students what to do.老师正告诉同学们做什么。
He didn't know where to go. (where to go＝where he should go) 他不知道去哪里。
"
②疑问词who, what, when, where,how,which等与动词不定式连用可用作主语或宾语
When to go to Beijing has been decided.什么时候去北京已经定下来了。(作主语)
I haven’t decided yet when to leave. 我还没决定什么时候离开。(作宾语)
③ “疑问词+不定式”作宾语时可以转化为宾语从句
如：Can you tell me where to buy the scarf
=Can you tell me where I can buy the scarf
你能告诉我从哪里能买到这条围巾吗
考点二动名词
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动名词由动词原形＋-ing构成，与现在分词同形。动名词既有动词的性质，
作宾语和状语；也有名词的性质，可作主语、宾语、表语或定语。
动名词两种形式: 动词+V-ing 和介词+V-ing
1.作主语
如：Eating too much is bad for your health.
吃得太多对身体健康有害。
注：动名词和动词不定式作主语，在许多情况下可以通用，但动名词作主语多表示抽象或多次的行为，不定式作主语往往表示具体的或一次性的动作。
2. ①后常接动名词的动词及动词词组
finish，enjoy，practice，imagine，mind，keep，allow,
consider，miss，avoid(避免)，suggest，admit，
be worth，have difficulty/problem/trouble/fun (in) doing sth,stay up, be busy,keep on ,
waste time doing sth ；can't help/can't stop doing sth ；be used to(习惯于)+doing sth
②后既可以接动名词，也可接动词不定式的动词有
love，like，prefer，begin，start，continue，remember，try，stop，forget，hate，need，allow，go on等。
③介词后接动名词，
keep...from，stop...from，make a contribution to，pay attention to,
look forward to，spend...(in)，be afraid of，be proud of，be fond of,
be used for，feel like，give up，be interested in，put off等。
3.当need，require，want作“需要”解时，后加动名词主动式等于不定式的被动式。
The window needs cleaning.＝The window needs to be cleaned.
4．不定式是不及物动词时，作定语不能省去介词。
！
Shanghai is a good place to live in.
I don't have enough time to study for the test, so I have something to worry about.
考点三分词
分词的构成:
分词分为现在分词和过去分词两种。现在分词由“动词+ ing”构成。过去分词的基本形式是“动词+ ed”，但也有不规则的形式。
注：1,现在分词表示“令人……的”，主语一般是物；过去分词表示“感到……的”，主语一般是人,2，动词+ ing 可以作形容词来修饰名词（a tiring film）
如：He is surprised to hear the news is surprising.
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一，有些动词或词组后接动名词或不定式均可，但意义稍有差别
try to do 努力做try doing 尝试做
二，现在分词和动词不定式作宾语补足语的区别
常见的动词如：see，watch，notice，hear，feel，have等，它们接不带to的不定式作宾补，表示已经完成了的或经常性的动作；接现在分词作宾补，表示动作正在进行着。
I heard him singing in the classroom.
我听到他正在教室里唱歌。(“唱”这个动作正在进行)
I heard him sing in the classroom.
我听到他在教室里唱歌了。(“唱”这个动作已结束)
三，现在分词与过去分词的区别
,
①在语态上，现在分词表示主动意义，过去分词表示被动意义。
the surprising news令人惊讶的消息,a surprised man 一个受惊吓的人
a moving film一场感人的电影,the moved people被感动的人们
②在时间上，现在分词表示正在进行的动作，过去分词表示已经完成的动作。
the developing country 发展中国家, the developed country发达国家
the rising sun正在升起的太阳, the risen sun 升起来的太阳
四，易混句式：have sth，have sth.和have 的区别
①have sth.意为“让某人做某事”，have可以用let，make代替。
不定式往往表示一次性的具体动作。且强调动作已经完成或尚未发生。
The soldiers had the boy stand with his back to his father.
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士兵们让这个男孩背对他的父亲站着。
②have sth.意为“让某人做某事”，have可以用keep代替，
现在分词(doing)这个动作往往具有持续进行的含义。
The two men had their lights burning all night long.
那两个人让灯通宵亮着。
③have 意为“让某人做某事”，即ask to do sth.过去分词(done)这个动作由他人(即非主语本身)来完成含有被动意义且强调动作已经完成。
The driver had his car washed once a week. 那位司机每周叫人洗一次车。
（）doesn’t like sports,so she has decided __ join the PE club.
’t to ’t to
：
（）2.— Would you like__ the Wutong Mountain tomorrow
— If my mother __ , I ’ll go with you.
A. climbing; will allow ; allows
C. to climb; allows
D. to climb; will allow
（）It’s going to rain. Remember__ an umbrella when you go to school.
— All right, Mom.
A. taking
B. bringing
C. to take
D. to bring
（）little boy pretended __ when his mother came in.
A．sleeping B．asleep C．to asleep D．to be asleep
（）book is well worth plan__ one.
*
A．to buy B．buying C．buy D．buys
（）6. A British high school is going to allow students ___ lessons in the afternoon.
A .start B. starting C. to start to
（）7.—I’m sorry, Mr. Hu. I ___ my English exercise book at home.
—It doesn’t matter. Please remember ___ here this afternoon.
A. forgot; to bring
B. left; to take
C. forgot; to take
D. left; to bring
（）8. How kind you are! You always do what you can ______others.
B. helping
C. helps
D. to help
（）9. The show was so funny that it made everyone______ again and again．
A．laugh B．laughed C．laughing D．to laugh
)
（）10. I remember ___ to Beijing when I was a child.
take be taken taken
（）11. Though he often made his little sister___ ,today he was made____ by his little sister.
; to cry ; crying ;cry cry;cry
（）12. The traffic signs warn people ___ after drinking.
drive to drive C. driving ’t drive
（）13. Now more and more people are busy_____ about the Internet.
A. learn
B. to learn
C. learning
D. learned
（）It's too hot. Would you mind _____the door
- ______. Please do it.
~
A. to open; OK
B. opening; Certainly not
C. opening; Of course
D. to open; Good idea
（）15. No matter how hard it is, we'll keep_____until we make it.
A. failed
B. failing
C. tried
D. trying
（）16-Are you enjoying_____in Ningbo
-Yes, we are.
A. to live
B. living
C. lives
D. lived
（）17. We couldn’t help _____(laugh) after we heard the funny s tory
A. to laugh
B. laughing
C. laughs
D. laughed
( )18，Whenever we kids come over, Auntie Susan just stands there and watches us ___ sure we don’t break anything.(2017)
。
B. made
C. to make
( )19 . The boss asked Tim to go and _ out if there was anyone else absent.(2016)
A. find
B. finding
C. to find
D. found
( ) 20. —Do you climb mountains every day
—Yes, ___ a little exercise. I’m so out of shape.(2014)
B. get
C. got
D. to get
（）boy ___ get supper ready after school.(2015)
A．was told B．is telling C．was told to D．tells
（）looks so well. We’ve never seen him ____ so well before.
A. is looked
B. is looking
C. to look
D. look
（）23. — Do you remember me, Tom
— Ah, yes, I remembered _____ you in JUSCO last year.
A. see
B. sees
C. to see
D. seeing
（）24. Jack gives me a piece of paper___.
A. to write
B. to write on
C. to write at
D. to write in
（）25. Let’s make a fire _____ ourselves up.
A. to warm
B. warming
C. warm
D. warmed （）I was walking in the field, I saw a plane ___over my head.
A. flew
B. flies
C. flying
D. fling
必备英语非谓语动词专项及解析 一、非谓语动词 1．The WWF is working hard _________ the animals in danger． A. save B. to save C. saves D. saved 【答案】 B 【解析】【分析】句意：世界自然基金会正努力工作来拯救处于危险中的动物。此处表示 目的，应该用动词不定式。故选B。 【点评】考查动词不定式。动词不定式表示目的。 2．— Please stay with me this weekend. —I'm sorry, but my father and I planned _________ Beijing a long time ago. A. visit B. visiting C. to visit D. visited 【答案】 C 【解析】【分析】句意：——这个周末请和我呆在一起吧。——我很抱歉，但是我父亲和 我很久前就计划去参观北京了。plan to do sth.，计划做某事，动词不定式作宾语，故选C。 【点评】此题考查动词不定式。注意固定短语plan to do sth. 3．To live a low-carbon life, we must remember ________ the lights when we leave the room. A. to turn off B. turning off C. not to turn off 【答案】 A 【解析】【分析】句意：要过低碳生活，我们必须记住离开房间时要关掉灯。remember （not）to do sth.忘记要做的事；remember doing sth.忘记已经做过的事。根据句末when we leave the room.可知关灯的动作还没有做，此处表示肯定含义，要用不定式的肯定式， 故选A。 【点评】考查动词remember的固定搭配。根据所表示的含义选择正确的搭配。 4．Most people enjoy other people games. A. watching; plays B. to watch; to play C. watching; playing D. watching; to play 【答案】 C 【解析】【分析】句意:许多人喜欢看别人做游戏。喜欢做某事:enjoy doing sth后跟动名词 作宾语;看某人做某事:watch sb do sth（用省to的不定式表示看到了整个过程）;watch sb doing sth（用动名词表示看到了动作在发生）。人们喜欢看别人在做游戏而不一定是整个 过程，故选C。 5． Though he often made his little sister ______, today he was made ______ by his little sister. A. cry; to cry B. crying; crying C. cry; cry D. to cry; cry 【答案】 A
第五章非谓语动词 【非谓语动词作状语】 一.不定式,分词作状语的基本原则 不定式,分词作状语时,不定式,分词的逻辑主语必须与句子的主语保持一致,即不定式,分词作状语时必须和句子的主语保持一致,即不定式,分词作状语时必须和句子主语含有逻辑上的主动或被动关系,否则一般不能使用不定式,分词作状语. 二.不定式作状语 1.不定式作目的状语 不定式作目的状语的情况比较多,如果强调目的性时,不定式前还可加in order或so as,构成"in order to do"或"so as to do"结构."in order to do"结构作目的状语时,可以放在句首也可放在句中;"so as to do"结构只能放在句中. Her mother plans to fly to Beijing at least four times a year(so as/in order)to visit her. Bob took down my telephone number so as/in order not to forge t it. 2.不定式作结果状语 不定式作结果状语常用在下列句式中:so...as to;such...as to;...enough to;only to(常表示以外的或事与愿违的结果);too...to等. I'm not so stupid(a fool)as to write it down. Jane hurried back only to find that her mother had left. I'm too tired to stay up longer. 备注:在only too..to结构中,too...to...并非是"太....而不能..."之意.此时,与too..to..搭配的形容词常见的有pleased,ready,willing,glad,happy等. I'm only too glad to have passed the exam. 3.不定式作原因状语 形容词作表语时,后面可接不定式作原因状语,用以说明产生这种情绪的原因.用于这类结构中的形容词常见的有:happy,glad,sorry,anxious,proud,disappointed,angry,surprised,ready,delighted,pleased等. You will never know how happy I was to see her yesterday. 4.在"主语+系动词+表语(形容词)+to do"结构中,句子的主语与动词不定式有逻辑上的被动关系,且形容词表示主语的特征或性质,这时,需用不定式的主动形式表示被动意义.该结构中常用的形容词有:easy,hard,difficult,important,impossible,interesting,pleasant,nice,comfortable,safe,dangerous等. This question is easy to answer. This book is difficult to understand. 三.分词作状语 1.分词作状语时其形式的选择 2.分词作状语的句法功能 分词作状语时,可以表时间,原因,结果，条件,让步，行为方式,伴随状况等.为了强调,还可与 while,when,once,if,unless等连词连用. When offered help,one often says"Thank you"or "It's kind of you".(时间) Separated from other continents for millions of years,Australia has many plants and animals not found in any other
非謂语动词（一） 一、Done 被动性：过去分词的逻辑主语是分词动作的承受者（receiver）, 而不是发出者，两者构成被动语态或被动意义。 完成性：与句中另一个动作、另一个时间或句子产生的时间相比，分词的动作已经发生、完成。 句法功能 表语：许多动词通过+ed 变成形容词，其本质是过去分词用作形容词The boys were astonished. The door remained locked. They seemed worried. 定语：划出下列句子的定语部分 The broken glass is still lying on the table. The frightened girl was trembling when the police arrived. A grown boy is a boy who has physically and mentally grown up. He sent them his newly-invented devices. She was reading a novel written by Dickens. The people trapped in the big fire were rescued by the firefighters with a helicopter. The radio bought in your shop doesn't work well. 翻译： 他是被经理测试的人员当中最优秀的员工之一。 宾补 1、在感官/ 感知动词后：see, look at, observe, hear, listen to, think, find, imagine, feel, watch等。 We found him greatly changed. 2、在使役动词后：make, have, get, keep, leave等。 He made himself understood in spoken English. 3、在意愿动词后：like, need, want, wish等。 She came into the shop with a package saying: I needn’t it changed but re-wrapped. 翻译：我回到家，发现家里被偷了
非谓语动词讲解 非谓语动词: a.动词不定式 b.动名词 c.分词( 现在分词过去分词) 概述：1.谓语动词：在句子中担任谓语的动词 2.非谓语动词：是动词的特殊形式，在句中可以作除谓语外的所有成分 非谓语动词使用条件 一个句子当中，已经存在一个主句（谓语动词）,又没有连词的情况下, 还有别的动词出现时。She got off the bus, leaving her handbag on her seat. She got off the bus, but left her handbag on her seat. 动词不定式 一．动词不定式的时态和被动形式 动词不定式是非谓语动词的一种，由不定式符号(to)加动词原形构成。不定式的形式有五种：1．一般式to do 例如：I like to read English. 2．进行式to be doing 例如：He seemed to be reading something at that time. 3．完成式to have done 例如：He seemed to have cleaned the room. 4．被动式to be done 例如：The work is to be done soon. 5．完成被动式to have been done 例如：The boy is said to have been sent to hospital yesterday. 二. 动词不定式的用法 I.作主语 (1)不定式做主语时，可以直接放在谓语动词之前。 To see is to believe．Not to get there in time is your fault. (2)注：常用it做形式主语，将to do放在位于之后，使句子保持平衡。 句型1：It + 谓语+ to do It takes us an hour _to__ get there by bus.
非谓语：（不能单独做谓语，但同时仍保留动词某些特征的动词形式。非谓语动词除了不能独立作谓语外，可以承担句子的任何成分。） 一、不定式与动名词做主语 1.动名词做主语往往表示普通的、一般习惯的行为，不定式做主语常表示某次具体的行为。 例句： Reading English is really a great fun.<这里不强调看一次，看两次……表示的是一般性的行为> To read english this morning will take most of my time.<这里用不定式表示一次具体的行为> 2.形式主语it 的运用: 1).不定式做主语,谓语用单数。往往用it做形式主语，把不定式放在谓语后面。 例句：To finish the job took us two hours. It took us two hours to finish the job. （注：在不定式做主语的被动语态句子中，必须用形式主语it.） 例句:it was decided to go for a picnic tomorrow. 2).It is+adj.of/for sb.to do sth.当不定式的逻辑主语和前面的形容词构成系表结构时，用of,否则用for. 例句： It’s very nice of you to help us.<此时，不定时的逻辑主语是you，adj.是nice,二者构成系表结构，即可以说you are nice.此时应该用of> It’s impossible for us to defeat the boss.<此时就不能说we are impossible.因此应该用for > 3).用动名词做主语的句型：It is/was no good(use, useless, fun)+doing sth. It’s worth while doing 例句： It’s no use cry over spilt milk.覆水难收 (it 用法远不止这几个后面会有补充) 3.成分对称：主语和表语都是非谓语动词时，应保持形式上一致。 例句： To see is to believe. Seeing is believing.眼见为实 4.There be no +ving 例句： There is no parking around here. No smoking,please. 练习题 It is hard_________ his mind.(to change ) It is fun__________ with a foreign man.(talking) There is no ________what will happen.(telling) I like_________ this novel this morning.(to read) 二：做表语 1.不定式做表语表具体个别的动作或有将来的含义。 例句：My wish is to become a famous writer. 2、现在分词做表语表示主语的性质与特征,表主动（interesting, amusing, disappointing, puzzling, exciting等）；进行时表示正在进行的动作。 例句： i am teaching the child to swim when you passed by.
专业.专注. 非谓语动词（the Non-Finite Verbs ） 定义在句子中不是谓语的动词， 形式：不定式、动名词和分词（现在分词和过去分词） 作用：在句子中充当主语、宾语、状语等。 特点：1.非谓语动词可以有名词作用 （如动词不定式和动名词），在句中做主语、宾语、表语。 2. 非谓语动词可以有形容词作用 （如动词不定式和分词），在句中做定语、表语或宾语补足语。 3. 非谓语动词可以有副词作用 （如动词不定式和分词），在句中作状语。 4. 谓语动词在句中作谓语，受主语的人称和数的限 制；非谓语动词在句中不能单独作谓语 ，它不受主语的人称和数的限制 5. 英语中不能单独做句子的谓语 。 与谓语动词的关系相同点 （1）如果是及物动词都可与宾语连用 ，例如： They built a garden. （2） 都可以被状语修饰： The suit fits him very well. The suit used to fit him very well. He avoided being punished by his parents. （动名词的被动式 ） Having written the composition, we handed （现在分词的完 it in.boss ordered them to start the work. （动 The 词不定式的逻辑主语 ） 不定式 一、形式功能： 动词不定式：（to ）+do ，具有名词、形容词、副词的特征。 否定式：not + （to ） do 以do 为例，动词不定式的构成如下： （1） 一般式：不定式的一般式所表示的动作与谓语动词动作同时发生或发生在谓语动词动作之后 例如： rm nice to meet you. 很高兴见到你。 He seems to know a lot. 他看起来懂得很多 。 We plan to pay a visit. 我们计划花钱去参观 。 He wants to be an artist. 他想成为一个艺术家 。 The patient asked to be operated on at once. 病人要求马上手术 。 The teacher ordered the work to be done. 老师要求完成工作 。 （2） 进行式：不定式的进行式所表示的动作与谓语动词动作同时发生 ， 例如：The boy pretended to be working hard. 男孩假装工作得很努力 。 He seems to be reading in his room. 看起来他正在他的房间里面读书 。 He was punished by his parents. （谓语动词被动语态） We have written the composition. （谓语动词的完成 时） 成式） （4）都可以有逻辑主语 They started the work at once. （谓语动词的逻辑主语） They suggested building a garden. We being League member, the work was well done. （现在分词的逻辑主语） （3） 都有主动与被动，体"'式（一般式；进行式；完成式）的变化。例如： We are League members. （谓语动词的主语）
非谓语动词(the Non-Finite Verbs) 定义在句子中不是谓语的动词， 形式：不定式、动名词和分词（现在分词和过去分词） 作用：在句子中充当主语、宾语、状语等。 特点：1.非谓语动词可以有名词作用（如动词不定式和动名词），在句中做主语、宾语、表语。 2.非谓语动词可以有形容词作用（如动词不定式和分词），在句中做定语、表语或宾语补足语。 3.非谓语动词可以有副词作用（如动词不定式和分词），在句中作状语。 4.谓语动词在句中作谓语，受主语的人称和数的限制；非谓语动词在句中不能单独作谓语，它不受主语的人称和数的限制。 5.英语中不能单独做句子的谓语。 与谓语动词的关系相同点 （1）如果是及物动词都可与宾语连用，例如：They built a garden. They suggested building a garden. （2）都可以被状语修饰：The suit fits him very well. The suit used to fit him very well. （3）都有主动与被动, “体”式（一般式；进行式；完成式）的变化。例如： He was punished by his parents.（谓语动词被动语态）He avoided being punished by his parents.（动名词的被动式） We have written the composition.（谓语动词的完成时）Having written the composition, we handed it in.（现在分词的完成式）（4）都可以有逻辑主语 They started the work at once.（谓语动词的逻辑主语）The boss ordered them to start the work.（动词不定式的逻辑主语） We are League members.（谓语动词的主语）We being League member, the work was well done. （现在分词的逻辑主语） 不定式 一、形式功能： 动词不定式：（to）+do，具有名词、形容词、副词的特征。 否定式：not + (to) do 以do为例，动词不定式的构成如下： （1）一般式：不定式的一般式所表示的动作与谓语动词动作同时发生或发生在谓语动词动作之后. 例如：I'm nice to meet you. 很高兴见到你。 He seems to know a lot. 他看起来懂得很多。 We plan to pay a visit. 我们计划花钱去参观。 He wants to be an artist. 他想成为一个艺术家。 The patient asked to be operated on at once. 病人要求马上手术。 The teacher ordered the work to be done. 老师要求完成工作。 （2）进行式：不定式的进行式所表示的动作与谓语动词动作同时发生， 例如：The boy pretended to be working hard. 男孩假装工作得很努力。 He seems to be reading in his room. 看起来他正在他的房间里面读书。 （3）完成式：不定式的完成式表示的动作发生在谓语动词动作之前，例如： I regretted having told a lie. 我后悔我说谎了。 I happened to have seen the film. 我偶然看过这部电影。 He is pleased to have met his friend. 他很高兴能遇上他的朋友。 二、不定式的句法功能： （1）作主语： To finish the work in ten minutes is very hard. 十分钟之内完成这项工作是很难的。 To lose your heart means failure. 灰心意味着失败。
非谓语动词专项练习及答案详解 一、单项选择非谓语动词 1．With the homework _______, the students can go to have a picnic. A．being done B．done C．doing D．to do 【答案】B 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：做完作业后，学生们就可以去野餐了。此处是with的复合结构，homework和动词do是被动关系，用过去分词表被动，指作业被做，过去分词在句中作宾补。故选B。 【名师点睛】 with复合结构 “w ith复合结构”也是独立主格结构的一种，同样十分重要。在句中表示“原因，结果，伴随，方式”等情况。 (1)with + 宾语 + 形容词 The children were listening to the teacher with their eyes wide open. （表伴随） (2)with + 宾语 + 介词短语 The old man used to take a walk with a stick in his hand. （表方式） (3)with + 宾语 + 副词 The proud girl walked away with her head up. （表方式） (4)with + 宾语 + 现在分词 Mary felt very shy with so many eyes looking at her. （表原因） (5)with + 宾语 + 过去分词 If you sit looking away from a person, or with your back turned, you are saying you are not interested in that person. （表方式） 本题就是考查此结构，homework和动词do是被动关系，用过去分词表被动，指作业被做，过去分词在句中作宾补。 (6)with + 宾语 + 不定式 With too much work to do the next day, he felt anxious and didn’t sleep well. （表原因） 一般说来，with 复合结构放在句末多表示伴随状况；若放在句首，则多表示“原因”或“条件”，例如： With her mother away from home, the little girl felt lonely. 由于她妈妈不在家，这个女孩感到很孤单。 With the guide leading the way, I had no difficulty finding their village. 因为向导带路，我没怎么费事就找到了他们的村子。 2．Simon made a big bamboo box the little sick bird till it would fly. A． keep B． kept C． keeping D． to keep
邑天下教育内部资料---百思课教育工场鉥心奉献 ——非谓语动词 ●重要知识要点突破 定义：在英语中，不作句子谓语，而具有除谓语外其他语法功能的动词，叫做非谓语动词。分类：非谓语动词有动词不定式（the Infinitive）；动名词（the Gerund）；现在分词（the Present Participle）；过去分词（the Past Participle） 一、动词不定式 不定式由“to+动词原形”构成，其否定形式是“not to+动词原形”。不定式可以带宾语或状语构成不定式短语，没有人称和数的变化，但有时态和语态的变化。不定式可作主语、宾语、状语、表语和定语，但不能单独作谓语。 1.不定式的时态及语态 时态主动被动意义例句语态 一般To do To be done与谓语动词同时 发生或以后发生I’m glad to see you.当逻辑主语是 这个不定式表 示的动作的承 受者时，须用 被动形式。如： He asked to be sent to work in Tibet. This book is said to have been translated into Spanish. 进行to be doing 表示谓语的动作 （情况）发生时， 不定式表示的动 作正在进行 He pretended to be reading a book when I came in 完成to have done to have been done 先于谓语动作发 生 We seem to have met each other before. 完成进行to have been doing 先于谓语动作发 生而又延续到谓 语动作发生后 He is said to have been studying abroad. 2.不定式的句法功能 1）作主语：To finish the work in ten minutes is very hard.在十分钟内完成这项工作很难。2）作表语：Her job is _______________________________. 她的工作就是打扫大厅。
非谓语动词用法详解 动词的非谓语形式有三种：不定式、动名词和分词 (一)不定式 不定式由“to十动词原形”构成，其否定形式是“not to do”．不定式可以带宾语或状语构成不定式短语，没有人称和数的变化，但有时态和语态的变化．不定式可作主语、宾语、状语、表语和定语，但不能单独作谓语．不定式的逻辑主语有时用“for十名词或代词宾格”构成． 1．不定式的用法： l)作主语．不定式短语作主语时，往往放在谓语之后，用it作形式主语．例如： To see is to believe． It is right to give up smoking． 2)作宾语．不定式短语作宾语时，如果还带有宾语补足语。往往把不定式宾语放在宾语补足语之后，而用it作形式宾语．例如： He wanted to go． I find it interesting to study work with him. 3)作宾语补足语．例如： He asked me to do the work with him. 注意：在feel，hear，listen to，look at，notice, observe，see，watch，have, let，make等词后的补足语中，不定式不带to．但是这些句子如果变成被动结构时，就必须带to．例如 I often hear him sing the song． He is often heard to sing the song． 注意：不定式动词在介词but，except，besides后面时，如果这些介词之前有行为动词do的各种形式，那么，这些介词后的不定式不带to，否则要带to．如： She could do nothing but cry. What do you like to do besides swim? I have no choice but to go． 动词help之后，带to或不带to都可以。 Will you please help me (to) take this suitcase? 请你帮我提一下这个衣箱好吗？She often helps her mother (to) clean their house. 她经常帮助她妈妈打扫房子。 4)作定语．例如： I have some books for you to read． 注①作定语的不定式如果是不及物动词，或者不定式所修饰的名词或代词是不定式动作的地点、工具等，不定式后面须有相应的介词．例如： He is looking for a room to live in． There is nothing to worry about．
非谓语动词 非谓语动词包括不定式(to do)、动名词(－ing)、现在分词(－ing)与过去分词(－ed)。它们不受主语人称和数的限制，在句子中不能充当谓语，但可以充当句子的其他成分，并且有时态和语态的变化。 动词不定式
定义：动词不定式是非谓语动词的一种，它没有人称和数的变化，在句子中不能独立作谓语，但它仍保持动词的特点，可以有自己的宾语和状语。 一、不定式的意义 1. 不定式的一般式：一般式表示的动作或状态发生在谓语动词表示的动作或状态的同时或之后。当不定式的逻辑主语是这个不定式所表示的动作的承受者时，不定式一般要用被动式(to be done). eg: He seemed to be tired. The building to be finished next month is for our teachers. 2. 不定式的进行式：进行式表示动作正在进行，与谓语的动作同时发生。 . When I went to his home, he happened to be traveling around the world. 3. 不定式的完成式：如果不定式所表示的动作或状态发生在谓语动词所表示动作或状态之前，就用完成式；若是在此基础上的被动含义，就用完成被动式( to have been done).
. He is said to have written a novel about the Long March. He is said to have been taught French when he was a child. 4. 不定式的完成进行式：如果不定式的动作是在谓语所表示的时间之前一直在进行或有可能继续进行的动作，就要用完成进行式. eg: We’re happy to have been working with the experts all the month. 二、不定式的用法： 1. 不定式做主语：不定式做主语一般表示具体的某次动作。而动名词doing 表示习惯的，经常的动作。 1)不定式作主语时,谓语用单数 To do such things is foolish. 2）主系表结构 To see is to believe. 3)it形式主语。当主语较长，谓语较短时，常用it做形式主语，将不定式放到谓语的后面。 常用于下列结构中： (1)It is/was +adj.+(of sb.) to do…（如 good/ kind/ nice/ clever/ foolish/ selfish…） (2)It is +adj.+(for sb.)+to do…（如easy / difficult / hard / / unwise / possible/ necessary…） (3)It is +a/an +名词+ to do...（如a pity/ a shame / a pleasure /one’s duty / an honor …）
外研版英语【初中英语】非谓语动词专项讲解及练习 一、非谓语动词 1．Sue practices ______ the violin hard and often gives wonderful performances. A. play B. played C. to play D. playing 【答案】 D 【解析】【分析】句意：Sue努力练习拉小提琴并经常做精彩演出。Practise doing sth.故答 案为D。 【点评】考查动名词的用法，掌握practice doing结构。 2．My friend invited me ______ the Art Club , and I accepted it with pleasure. A. join B. to join C. joined D. joining 【答案】 B 【解析】【分析】句意:我的朋友邀请我参加艺术俱乐部，我愉快地接受了。A.动词原形;B. 动词不定式;C. 动词过去式;D.动词的ing形式。invite sb. to do sth.邀请某人做某事。结合句 意及结构，故选B。 3．The workers were made from morning to night in the past. A. worked B. to work C. work D. working 【答案】 B 【解析】【分析】句意:在过去工人们被迫从早晨工作到晚上make sb do sth让某人做某事，其被动语态形式sb be made to do sth所以选B。 4．Our English teacher wants us ______ English stories out of class. A. read B. reading C. to read 【答案】 C 【解析】【分析】考查非谓语动词。want sb. to do sth.想要某人做某事。故选C。 5．To live a low-carbon life, we must remember ________ the lights when we leave the room. A. to turn off B. turning off C. not to turn off 【答案】 A 【解析】【分析】句意：要过低碳生活，我们必须记住离开房间时要关掉灯。remember （not）to do sth.忘记要做的事；remember doing sth.忘记已经做过的事。根据句末when we leave the room.可知关灯的动作还没有做，此处表示肯定含义，要用不定式的肯定式， 故选A。 【点评】考查动词remember的固定搭配。根据所表示的含义选择正确的搭配。
中考英语非谓语动词专项讲解与训练 非谓语动词一 (动词不定式） 1. 不定式的否定形式是在to的前面直接加not。如： My mother decided not to have a trip to Yunnan with me. 我妈妈决定不和我去云南旅游了。 2.不定式可以和疑问词who, which, what, how, where，when连用，构成不定式短语，在句子中作主语、宾语或表语。如： Could you tell me how to operate this machine? 你能告诉我怎样操作这台机器吗？ 3.动词不定式的句型或结构考查 ① It＋be＋adj.＋of＋sb.＋to do sth.意为“某人能做某事真是太……了”。
此句型中的形容词通常是表示主观感情或态度的形容词。如：good，kind，nice，wise，clever，foolish，right，wrong，careful，careless等。如： It's very wise of you to do it ahead of time. 你提前做了那件事真是太明智了。 .② It＋be＋adj.＋for＋sb.＋to do sth.意为“对……来说做某事真是太……了”。 这些形容词通常是表示客观情况的形容词。如：easy，hard，difficult，important，necessary，impossible，interesting等。如： It's necessary for us to take a map when traveling. 对我们来说，旅行的时候带一张地图是有必要的。 ③ too...to do结构, in order to do 结构enough to do结构 too...to结构意为“太……而不能”，enough to结构意为“足够……以至于能……”。如： The water is too hot to drink. 水太烫了不能喝。In order to do 为了-- .④主语＋think/find/feel/ believe/consider等＋it＋adj.＋to do sth.＋其他，意为“某人认为/发现做某事……”。如： I think it easy to finish the paper in three hours. 我认为三个小时完成这篇文章是很简单的 非谓语动词二 (动名词） ① 有些动词或词组后常跟动名词作宾语，常见的有： finish(完成)，practice(实践)，worth(值得)，be busy doing （忙于），keep(继续)，be used to(习惯于)，give up(放弃)，consider(考虑)，can't help(忍不住；情不自禁), feel like(想要), miss(错过)，imagine(想象)，mind(介意)，avoid(避免)，enjoy(喜欢；享受)，have fun(玩得开心)，look forward to(期待)suggest (建议） 巧思妙记 完成实践值得忙；
实用标准 精彩文档非谓语动词复习 非谓语动词: a.动词不定式 to do b.现在分词/ 动名词doing c.过去分词done 概述：1.谓语动词：在句子中担任谓语的动词 2.非谓语动词：是动词的特殊形式，在句中可以作除谓语外的所有成分 (有一个特殊情况：过去分词不具备名词性，所以补充当主语或宾语。） 非谓语动词使用条件：一个简单句中有且只有一个谓语动词 一个句子当中，已经存在一个谓语动词, 又没有连词的情况下, 应使用非谓语动词。 She got off the bus, leaving her handbag on her seat. She got off the bus, but left her handbag on her seat. 所有的非谓语动词的否定都是在其前面加 NOT 动词不定式 一．动词不定式的变体 动词不定式是非谓语动词的一种，由不定式符号(to)加动词原形构成。不定式的形式有五种： 主动被动 一般式 完成式 进行式 例如：I like to read English. 例如：He seemed to be reading something at that time. 例如：He seemed to have cleaned the room. 例如：The work is to be done soon. 例如：The boy is said to have been sent to hospital yesterday. 二. 动词不定式的用法 I.作主语 To see is to believe． Not to get there in time is your fault. 注：常用it做形式主语，将to do放在位于之后，使句子保持平衡。 It is a great enjoyment to spend our holiday in the mountains. 句型3： It is + adj + for sb to do sth（是形容事物的性质的） It is + adj + of sb to do sth（是形容人的品质的） It is easy for me to finish this work before ten. It's impolite of you to speak to the teacher like that. II.作宾语
外研版英语非谓语动词专题复习 一、非谓语动词 1．The teachers often tell us ________ in the river. It's dangerous. A. not swim B. don't swim C. not swimming D. not to swim 【答案】 D 【解析】【分析】句意：老师经常告诉我们不要在河里游泳。太危险了。tell sb not to do sth告诉某人不要做某事。动词不定式的否定结构，not to do sth.故选D。 【点评】此题考查动词不定式。注意动词不定式的否定结构not to do sth。 2．一What should we take when going birdwatching? 一 We should take a pair of binoculars ____________the birds clearly. A. see B. seeing C. to see D. sees 【答案】C 【解析】【分析】句意:一去看鸟应该带什么?一为了看得清楚，我们应该带一副望远镜。 带上望远镜的目的是看得清楚，用带to的不定式作目的状语。故选C。 3．To live a low-carbon life, we must remember ________ the lights when we leave the room. A. to turn off B. turning off C. not to turn off 【答案】 A 【解析】【分析】句意：要过低碳生活，我们必须记住离开房间时要关掉灯。remember （not）to do sth.忘记要做的事；remember doing sth.忘记已经做过的事。根据句末when we leave the room.可知关灯的动作还没有做，此处表示肯定含义，要用不定式的肯定式， 故选A。 【点评】考查动词remember的固定搭配。根据所表示的含义选择正确的搭配。 4．Running ______ a good way to exercise every day. A. is B. was C. are D. were 【答案】A 【解析】【分析】句意：每天跑步是一种锻炼的好方式。“跑步”作句子的主语，动词短语 作主语，用成动名词形式；动名词作主语时，谓语用第三人称单数形式。故选A。 【点评】本题考查主谓一致。以及is was ，are，were四个词的意义和用法。