圆形别墅设计欣赏
来自设计百科2011-09-24
这座别墅位于日本的海滨，包括一个私人博物馆、一个客房和一个度假村。它被设计成一个开敞的有机空间，围绕庭院布置的房间可分可合。圆形造形是可以全面欣赏海景的最佳造型，同时也可以有效降低强劲的台风影响。整个建筑宛如从小山上生长出来一般，内部的空气循环系统可以不间断地实现通风效果。建筑立面采用双层玻璃幕墙来抵挡海风和烈日的侵害，屋面有3 0厘米的覆土，同时还有一套灌溉系统。建筑外立面采用如同岩石一般的砂色，使其看上去好像从绿化山坡中蜕变而来。内部所有的房间都彼此连通，可以形成一个巨大的画廊。外墙上的椭圆形窗户如岩石上的孔洞一般，朝向并聚焦于重要的自然景观，以保证空间的私密性。
圆形别墅
圆形别墅
圆形别墅
圆形别墅
圆形别墅
圆形别墅
圆形别墅
圆形别墅
圆形别墅
圆形别墅
圆形别墅
圆形别墅
澳大利亚雷德盖特海边住宅
来自设计百科1970-01-01
这个住宅位于Witchcliffe西部美丽的海岸边，俯瞰雷德盖特海滩。它的设计是为了呼应周围的自然景观，满足住户想要一个现代，低耗，被动太阳能房屋的愿望。因为建造时刻意保护周边植被，所以住宅不但能将广阔的海景纳入囊中，还保留了一种“身居林中”的感受。
瑞典林间木屋住宅
来自设计百科1970-01-01
设计师结合斯堪的那维亚式简约优雅和北美木质住宅的质朴。为了保护当地景观，房屋建造在立柱上，制造出房屋在漂浮的感觉。此外住宅尽享阳光。
哥伦比亚圣埃伦娜住宅
来自设计百科1970-01-01
圣埃伦娜是哥伦比亚麦德林东部山中的一个农场。它涵盖17个村镇，住在这里的人们都认为这是一个美丽，充满新鲜空气，温度适宜的自然天堂。圣埃伦娜住宅位于陡峭的斜坡口，设计师试图将住宅和此地完美的景观相结合，而不是脱离背景，单独表达建筑。
斯洛文尼亚Celje发电室
来自设计百科1970-01-01
在这里有两个水泵发电机的基础设置。屋顶的形状特征是为了调整发电机的形式，使建筑尽可能的低。由于建筑所在的位置Savinja河流周边的自然景观地里，因此建筑外立面附加了一层金属网格，希望会在建筑表面形成杂草丛生的景象。
?Durability - it should stand up robustly and remain in good condition. ?Utility - it should be useful and function well for the people using it. ?Beauty - it should delight people and raise their spirits.
Leone Battista Alberti, who elaborates on the ideas of Vitruvius in his treatise, De Re Aedificatoria, saw beauty primarily as a matter of proportion, although ornament also played a part. For Alberti, the rules of proportion were those that governed the idealised human figure, the Golden Mean. The most important aspect of beauty was therefore an inherent part of an object, rather than something applied superficially; and was based on universal, recognisable truths. The notion of style in the arts was not developed until the 16th century, with the writing of Vasari.[14] The treatises, by the 18th century, had been translated into Italian, French, Spanish and English. In the early nineteenth century, Augustus Welby Northmore Pugin wrote Contrasts (1836) that, as the titled suggested, contrasted the modern, industrial world, which he disparaged, with an idealized image of neo-medieval world. Gothic architecture, Pugin believed, was the only “true Christian form of architecture.” The 19th century English art critic, John Ruskin, in his Seven Lamps of Architecture, published 1849,[15] was much narrower in his view of what constituted architecture. Architecture was the "art which so disposes and adorns the edifices raised by men ... that the sight of them" contributes "to his mental health, power, and pleasure". For Ruskin, the aesthetic was of overriding significance. His work goes on to state that a building is not truly a work of architecture unless it is in some way "adorned". For Ruskin, a well-constructed, well-proportioned, functional building needed string courses or rustication, at the very least. On the difference between the ideals of "architecture" and mere "construction", the renowned 20th C. architect Le Corbusier wrote: "You employ stone, wood, and concrete, and with these materials you build houses and palaces: that is construction. Ingenuity is at work. But suddenly you touch my heart, you do me good. I am happy and I say: This is beautiful. That is Architecture".[16] The National Congress of Brazil, designed by Oscar Niemeyer. Modern concepts of architecture
建筑专业英语词汇 a. DESIGN BASIS 设计依据 b. DESIGN STAGE 设计阶段 c. CLIMATE CONDITION 气象条件 d. GENERAL ROOM NAME 常用房间名称 e. ROOFING['ru:fi?] & CEILING['si:li?]屋面及天棚 f. WALL(CLADDING) 墙体(外墙板) g. FLOOR & TRENCH [trent?]地面及地沟 h. DOORS 、GLASS、WINDOWS & IRONMONGERY ['a??n,m??g?ri](HARDWARE) 门、玻璃、窗及五金件I. STAIRCASE['ste?ke?s]、LANDING & LIFT(ELEVATOR)楼梯、休息平台及电梯 j. BUILDING MATERIAL WORDS AND PHRASES 建筑材料词汇及短语 Bricks and Tiles[tail]砖和瓦 Lime[laim], Sand and Stone 灰、砂和石 Cement [si'ment], Mortar ['m?:t?] and Concrete [k?n'kri:t, 'k?nkri:t]水泥、砂浆和混凝土 Facing And Plastering ['plɑ?st?r??] Materials [m?'ti?ri?lz]饰面及粉刷材料 Asphalt ['?sf?lt](Bitumen) and Asbestos[?z'best?s]沥青和石棉 Timber ['timb?]木材 Metallic [mi't?lik] Materials[m?'ti?ri?lz]金属材料Non-Ferrous['n?n'fer?s]Metal ['met?l]有色金属 Anti-Corrosion [k?'r???(?)n] Materials 防腐蚀材料Building Hardware['hɑ:dwε?]建五金 Paint [peint]油漆 k. OTHER ARCHITECTURAL TERMS 其它建筑术语Discipline 专业 Conventional Terms 一般通用名词 Architectural Physics 建筑物理 Name Of Professional role 职务名称 Drafting 制图 a. DESIGN BASIS 设计依据 计划建议书planning proposals[pr?'p??z(?)l] 设计任务书design [di'zain]order 标准规范standards['st?nd?d] and codes[k?ud] 条件图information drawing 设计基础资料basic['beisik]data for design 工艺流程图process flowchart['fl?u,t?a:t] 工程地质资料engineering[,end?i'ni?ri?] geological [d?i?'l?d?ik?l] data ['deit?] 原始资料original data 设计进度schedule['sked?u:?l] of design b. STAGE OF DESIGN 设计阶段 方案scheme[ski:m], draft [drɑ:ft ], 草图sketch [sket?] 会谈纪要summary ['s?m?ri]of discussion 谈判negotiation [ni,ɡ?u?i'ei??n] 可行性研究feasibility [,fi:z?'biliti] study 初步设计preliminary [pri'limin?ri]design 基础设计basic design 详细设计detail design 询价图enquiry[?n'kwa?r?] drawing 施工图working drawing, construction drawing 竣工图as-built drawing c. CLIMATE CONDITION 气象条件 日照sunshine 风玫瑰wind rose 主导风向prevailing[pri'veili?]wind direction 最大(平均)风速maximum (mean) wind velocity 风荷载wind load 最大(平均)降雨量maximum (mean) rainfall 雷击及闪电thunder['θ?nd?]and lightning 飓风hurricane['h?rik?n] 台风typhoon 旋风cyclone 降雨强度rainfall intensity[in'tens?ti] 年降雨量annual rainfall 湿球温度wet bulb temperature 干球温度dry bulb temperature 冰冻期frost period 冰冻线frost line 冰冻区frost zone 室外计算温度calculating['k?lkjuleiti?] outdoor temperature 采暖地区region with heating provision[pr?u'vi??n] 不采暖地区region ['ri:d??n]without heating provision 绝对大气压absolute atmospheric pressure 相对湿度relative ['rel?tiv] humidity [hju:'mid?ti] d. GENERAL ROOM NAME 常用房间名称 办公室office 服务用房service room 换班室shift room 休息室rest room (break room) 起居室living room 浴室bathroom 淋浴间shower 更衣室locker room 厕所lavatory ['l?v?t?ri,] 门厅lobby ['l?bi] 诊室clinic['klinik] 工作间workshop 电气开关室switchroom 走廊corridor['k?rid?:] 档案室archive['ɑ:kaiv] 电梯机房lift motor room 车库garage ['ɡ?rɑ:d?,]
哥特式 定义：Gothic architecture is a style of architecture that flourished during the high and late medieval period. It evolved from Romanesque architecture and was succeeded by Renaissance （文艺复兴）architecture 时期及特点：Originating in 12th-century France and lasting into the 16th century, Gothic architecture was known during the period as Opus Francigenum ("French work") with the term Gothic first appearing during the latter part of the Renaissance. Its characteristics include the （1）pointed arch,（2）the ribbed vault and（3）the flying buttress. 应用范围： Gothic architecture is most familiar as the architecture of many of the great cathedrals, abbeys and churches of Europe. It is also the architecture of many castles, palaces, town halls, guild halls, universities and to a less prominent extent, private dwellings. 代表：巴黎圣母院Notre Dame de Paris Notre-Dame de Paris is a historic Catholic cathedral on the eastern half of the ?le de la Citéin the fourth arrondissement of Paris, France.[2]The cathedral is widely considered to be one of the finest examples of French Gothic architecture and among the largest and most well-known church buildings in the world. The naturalism of its sculptures and stained glass are in contrast with earlier Romanesque architecture.
现代建筑（modern architecture） 现代建筑一词有广义和狭义之分。广义的现代建筑包括20世纪出现的各色各样风格的建筑流派的作品；狭义的现代建筑常常专指在20世纪20年代形成的现代主义建筑。在20世纪初期，现代建筑曾经被称为新建筑（new architecture）。 现代建筑的产生可以追溯到产业革命和由此而引起的社会生产和社会生活的大变革。在一些国家出现了影响建筑发展的新的因素: ○1房屋建造量急剧增长，建筑类型不断增多。②工业发展给建筑业带来新型建筑材料。○3结构科学的形成和发展使人越来越深入地掌握房屋结构的内在规律。④建筑业的生产经营转入资本主义经济轨道。 第一次世界大战后初期影响较大的有表现派（expressionism）、风格派（de stijl（也称新造型派neo-plasticism或要素派elementarism）和构成派（constructivism）。它们对建筑创作的影响主要是在造型风格方面。西欧一批青年建筑师提出了比较系统比较激进的改革建筑创作的主张,并且推出一批大胆创新的优秀作品,大大推动建筑改革走向高潮。德国建筑师W.格罗皮乌斯和L.密斯·范·德·罗，法国建筑师勒·柯布西耶是他们中的杰出代表。他们在20年代提出以下的观点：①强调建筑随时代发展变化，现代建筑应同工业化时代的条件相适应；②强调建筑师要注意研究和解决实用功能和经济问题，担负起自己的社会责任；③积极采用新材料和新结构，促进建筑技术革新；④主张摆脱历史上过时的建筑样式的束缚，放手创造新形式的建筑；⑤主张发展建筑美学，创造反映新时代的新建筑风格。 50年代西方出现了许多新的建筑流派，其中影响较大的有美国建筑师E.D.斯通和M.雅马萨基（山崎实）为代表的典雅主义（formalism），又称新古典主义（neo-classicism），以及英国建筑师史密森夫妇为代表的“粗野主义”（brutalism）。有强调在建筑中运用和表现高技术的“高技术倾向” （high-tech），强调建筑造型亲切宜人的“人性化”建筑（humanism）和具有地方民间建筑特色的“地方化建筑”（vernacular architecture）等。此外，还有许多次要的流派，诸如“反直角派”（antirectangle）“新自由派”（neo-liberty）、“雕塑派”（sculpturalism）、“感性主义”（sensationlism）以及“怪异建筑派”（fantastic architecture），其中一些流派存在时间短暂。 60年代后期，对现代主义的指责和批判增加了。自此以后西方建筑界出现了讲究建筑的象征性、隐喻性、装饰性以及与现有环境取得联系的倾向。这种潮流被称为后现代主义建筑思潮。
Chin ese architecture Chinese architecture refers to a style of architecture that has taken shape in East Asia over many cen turies. The structural pr in ciples of Chin ese architecture have rema ined largely un cha nged, the mai n changes being only the decorative details. Since the Tang Dynasty, Chinese architecture has had a major in flue nce on the architectural styles of Korea, Viet nam, and Japa n. The architecture of China is as old as Chinese civilization. From every source of information —literary, graphic, exemplary —there is strong evidence testifying to the fact that the Chinese have always enjoyed an indigenous system of construction that has retained its principal characteristics from prehistoric times to the present day. Over the vast area from Chinese Turkistan to Japan, from Man churia to the n ortherin half of French In doch ina, the same system of con structi on is prevale nt; and this was the area of Chin ese cultural in flue nce. That this system of con structi on could perpetuate itself for more tha n four thousa nd years over such a vast territory and still rema in a liv ing architecture, retaining its principal characteristics in spite of repeated foreign invasions —military, intellectual, and spiritual ——is a phe nomenon comparable only to the con tin uity of the civilizati on of which it is an in tegral part. —Liang, Ssu-ch'eng, 1984[1] Throughout the 20th Century, Western-trained Chinese architects have attempted to combine traditi onal Chin ese desig ns into modern architecture (usually gover nmen t), with only limited success. Moreover, the pressure for urba n developme nt throughout con temporary China required higher speed of con structi on and higher floor area ratio, which means that in the great cities the dema nd for traditi onal Chin ese build in gs, which are no rmally less tha n 3 levels, has decli ned in favor of moder n architecture. However, the traditional skills of Chinese architecture, including major and minor carpe ntry, masonry, and ston emas onry, are still applied to the con structi on of ver nacular architecture in the vast rural area in Chi na. Features Architectural bilateral symmetry An important feature in Chinese architecture is its emphasis on articulation and bilateral symmetry, which signifies balance. Bilateral symmetry and the articulation of buildings are found everywhere in Chinese architecture, from palace complexes to humble farmhouses. When possible, plans for renovation and extension of a house will often try to maintain this symmetry provided that there is eno ugh capital to do so.[2] Secon dary eleme nts are positi oned either side of main structures as two wings to mai ntain overall bilateral symmetry. The build ings are typically pla nned to con tai n an eve n n umber of colum ns in a structure to produce an odd n umber of bays ( 間).With the in clusi on of a main door to a building in the centre bay, symmetry is maintained. In con trast to the build in gs, Chin ese garde ns are a no table excepti on which tend to be asymmetrical. The principle underlying the garden's composition is to create enduring flow. En closure Con temporary Wester n architectural practices typically in volve surrou nding a buildi ng by an ope n yard on the property. This contrasts with much of traditional Chinese architecture, which involves con struct ing buildi ngs or build ing complexes that take up an en tire property but en close ope n spaces within itself.
Unit 4 Architecture Passage A Architecture without Architects KEYS TO EXERCISES Ⅰ. Reading Comprehension 1-5CCDBD 6-10BCDBC Ⅱ. Vocabulary 1-5DBBCD 6-10BACAB 11-15CCBDC 16-20BCBCC Ⅲ. Word Bank 1. amount to 2. stumble over 3. make amends 4. past his prime 5. invariably 6. indigestible 7. stave off 8. trace 9. in this respect 10. by dint of Ⅳ. Cloze 1-5CDABC 6-10BDDCB 11-15CDBBA Ⅴ. Translation 1. Roses can be signs of love or friendship，as the case may be. 2. Sometimes, we just stumble over what we have been looking for. 3. It is scarcely possible for us to dismiss what’s especially to our liking from our mind. 4. By now, it has been old hat for consumers to purchase genetically modified fruits and vegetables. 5. As a rule, rice can help us to stave off hanger longer than bread. 6. The principal function of today’s wall is to separate possibly undesirable outside air from the controlled conditions of temperature and humidity which we have created inside. Glass may accomplish this function, though there are apparently a good many people who still have qualms about eating, sleeping, and dressing under conditions of high visibility; they demand walls that will at least give them a sense of adequate screening. But these shy ones are a vanishing breed. The Philip Johnson house in Connecticut, which is much admired and widely imitated, has glass walls all the way around, and the only real privacy is to be found in the bathroom, the toilette taboo being still unbroken, at least in Connecticut. 课文翻译 Passage A 没有建筑师的建筑 西方世界所载所传的建筑史，从来只关注几个凤毛麟角的文化。空间上，只不过关注地球的一小部分—欧洲、埃及和小亚细亚一带—或者说几乎不超出公元二世纪时的已知世界。而且，对建筑演变的关注通常限于晚近阶段。编年史家们在介绍建筑艺术时略去头五千年，