高中英语语法之省略
英语中省略现象较为普遍，对省略的考查已成为高考中的热点。句子成分的省略，可分为以下几种情况：
为了使话说得简明扼要，英语句子中某个单词、短语甚至从句或主句都可以省去。Ⅰ、状语从句中的省略用法
一、如果从句的主语和主句的主语一致，且从句的谓语含有be动词的某种形式
（am/is/are/was/were），可同时省略从句的主语和be动词的某种形式。
1、when，while引导的时间状语从句
e.g. Do be careful when (you are) crossing the street.
When/While (I was) on my way to work, I met her.
2、if，unless，once引导的条件状语从句
e.g. If (it is) properly treated, waste will do no harm to the environment.
I’ll not go to the party unless (I am) invited.
Once (you are) caught stealing in a supermarket, you will be punished.
3、though，although，whether，no matter whether/what/how/who等引导的
让步状语从句
e.g. He was happy, though/although (he was) poor.
Whether (she is) sick or well, she is always cheerful.
No matter how/However hard the task (is), we must fulfill it in time.
（注：从句的主语和主句的主语不一致时，只省略从句中的be动词形式）
4、as if，as though引导的方式状语从句
e.g. He rubbed his eyes and yawned as if/though (he was) waking up after a
long sleep.
He stood up as if/though (he wanted) to leave.（as if/though + to do表示一个将来的动作）
二、than，as引导的比较状语从句中的省略用法：当不同的主语进行比较时，
一般省略从句中的谓语；当从句中的主语与谓语（be动词除外）和主句中的主语与谓语相同时，通常省略从句中的主语和谓语，只保留比较部分。
e.g. He is taller than his brother (is).
I have as much as confidence in you as (I have confidence) in him.
三、以if从句为代表的状语从句中的特殊省略用法：通常省略了it is，that is，
there is/are。
e.g. If (it is) possible/necessary, this old temple will be rebuilt.
If (that is) so, I will call you back at 5:00 pm.
There are only a few books in our school library, if (there are) any.
Ⅱ、定语从句中的省略用法
关系词的省略:关系代词that，which，whom等在限制性定语从句中充当宾语且不位于介词之后时，可以省略；in which或that在先行词way后作方式状语从句时可省略。
e.g. The man (that/who/whom) you visited last night is my grandpa.
I don’t like the way (in which/that) you treat the girl.
Ⅲ、虚拟语气中if及should的省略
1、当条件状语从句中有were，had，should等时省略if，把它们提至句首，形
成倒装句。
e.g. If I were a teacher, I would be strict with my students.
= Were I a teacher, I would be strict with my students.
2、Suggest，insist，order，require等表示建议、要求、命令的动词后接的从句
中，谓语动词常用―should+动词原形‖，should可以省略。
e.g. The doctor suggested that he (should) try to lose weight.
Ⅳ、不定式符号to的省略
1、感官动词see，hear，feel，watch等和使役动词have，make，let等后接不定
式作宾语时，不定式省略to。(一感feel,二听hear, listen to, 三让have, let, make,四看see, look at, observe, watch)
2、do nothing but，can’t help but等结构常接省略to的不定式。
E.g. We didn’t do anything but stay at home watching TV yesterday.
Hearing the news, she couldn’t help but cry.
3、在特定语境中为了避免重复，当不定式再次出现时，在want，wish，hope，
try，plan，like，love，hate后往往只保留to，而省略后面的动词。但不定式后有be，have时，也保留be和have。
E.g. My parents encouraged me to go to college, but I didn’t want to.
Ⅴ、So和not的替代性省略
用于避免重复前面所说过的内容，替代词so/not替代肯定或否定的名词性从句。可与believe，do，expect，fear，guess，hope，say，speak，suppose，think，I’m afraid等连用
e.g. – Do you suppose he is going to attend the meeting? – I suppose not.
Ⅵ、日常交际中的省略
在情景会话中，答语常常省略不会引起歧义的主语、谓语或宾语部分，而只保留对方希望了解的内容。在复合句或并列句中，也有省略主、谓、宾的情况。
e.g. – How many copies do you want? -- (I want) Three copies, please.
-- Have you ever been to the Great Wall? -- No, (I have) never (been to the Great Wall).
省略句练习
1. When first ________ to the market, these products enjoyed great success. (NMET 2004全国卷II)
A. introducing
B. introduced
C. introduce
D. being introduced
2. It shames me to say it, but I told a lie when ________ at the meeting by my boss. (NMET 2004全国卷IV)
A. questioning
B. having questioned
C. questioned
D. to be questioned
3. The man we followed suddenly stopped and looked as if ________ whether he was going in the right direction. (NMET 2003 安徽春)
A. seeing
B. having seen
C. to have seen
D. to see
4. Generally speaking, ________ according to the directions, the drug has no side effect. (NMET2003上海卷)
A. when taking
B. when taken
C. when to take
D. when to be taken
5. Unless ________ to speak, you should remain silent at the conference. (NMET 2003上海春)
A. invited
B. inviting
C. being invited
D. having invited
6. When ________ , the museum will be open to the public next year. (NMET 2002上海春)
A. completed
B. completing
C. being completed
D. to be completed
7. Though ________ money, his parents man-aged to send him to university. (NMET 2002上海卷)
A. lacked
B. lacking of
C. lacking
D. lacked in
8. The research is so designed that once ________ nothing can be done to change it. (NMET 2002)
A. begins
B. having begun
C. beginning
D. begun
9. —You 're always working. Come on, let's go shopping.
— ________ you ever want to do is going shopping. (NMET 2002北京、安徽、内蒙古春)
A. Anything
B. Something
C. All
D. That
10. Is this the reason ________ at the meeting for his carelessness in his work?(NMET 2002上海春)
A. he explained
B. what he explained
C. how he explained
D. why he explained
11. What surprised me was not what he said but ________ he said it. (NMET 2004湖北卷)
A. the way
B. in the way that
C. in the way
D. the way which
12. It is easy to do the repair. ________ you need is a hammer and some nails. (NMET 2004天津卷)
A. Something
B. All
C. Both
D. Everything
13. That's an unpleasant thing to say about your father after ________ he's done for you. (NMET 2004全国卷)
A. something
B. anything
C. all
D. that
14. As you've never been there before, I'll have someone ________ you the way. (MET 1990上海卷)
A. to show
B. show
C. showing
D. showed
15. —I'll be away on a business trip. Would you mind looking after my cat?
—Not at all, ________ . (NMET 1995)
A. I have no time
B. I'd rather not
C. I'd like it
D. I'd be happy to
16. —Does your brother intend to study German?
—Yes, he intends ________ . (NMET 1998上海卷)
A. /
B. to
C. so
D. that
17. —Would you like to go to the Grand Theatre with me tonight?
— ________ . (NMET 1999上海卷)
A. Yes, I'd like to go to the Grand Theatre
B. I'd like to, but I have an exam tomorrow
C. No, I won't
D. That's right
18. —You should have thanked her before you left.
—I meant ________ , but when I was leaving I couldn't find her anywhere. (NMET 2000北京春招卷)
A. to do
B. to
C. doing
D. doing to
19. ________ it rain tomorrow, we would have to put off the visit to the Yangpu Bridge. (NMET 1994上海卷)
A. Were
B. Should
C. Would
D. Will
20. ________ for the free tickets, I would not have gone to the films so often. (NMET 1995上海卷)
A. If it is not
B. Were
C. Had it not been
D. If they were not
21. I will know what was on his mind at the time, nor will ________ . (NMET 2004 江苏卷)
A. anyone
B. anyone else
C. no one
D. no one else
22. Of the making of good books there is no end; neither ________ any end to their influence on man's lives. (NMET 2004 广东卷)
A. there is
B. there are
C. is there
D. are there
23. —I would never come to this restaurant again. The food is terrible!
— ________ . (NMET 2004全国卷III)
A. Nor am I
B. Neither would I
C. Same with me
D. So do I
Keys:
1—5 BCDBA 6—10 AADCA 11—15 AACBD 16—20 BBBBC 21—23 BCB
1.省略主语，主谓语或谓语的一部分
a. 主语
例句: 1 (I)Beg your pardon. 2 (It)Sounds like a good idea.
b. 主谓语或谓语的一部分
例句: 1(Is there)Anything I can do for you? 2(Is) Anybody here?
2.不定式符号to的省略
3.不定式结构中动词的省略
例句: 1 A:Would you like to come to the paety? B:I'd love to(come to the party.)
2.They do not visit their parentys as much as they ought to(visit their parents).
4.状语从句中的省略
状语从句的省略有以下几种情况：
（1）在状语从句中主语与主句的主语一致，同时从句中又含有动词be则通常可省去从句中的主语和动词be，留下其余部分。
e.g.1.She stood at the gate as if （she was ）waiting for someone. 她站在门口好像在等人。
e.g．2. Don’t speak until （you are ）spoken to. 有人对你说话时你才说。
e.g.3 .Be careful while （you are）crossing the road. 过马路时要当心。
e.g.4 .When (it is) heated, ice can turn into water. 冰经过加热能变成水。
（2）若状语从句中主语是it，动词是系动词be，则通常可省去主语it及系动词be，留下其余部分。
e.g.1. Though (it was) cold，he still wore a shirt．天气虽然冷，他还穿一件衬衫。
e.g.2. Come tomorrow if (it is) possible．可能的话就明天来吧。
e.g.3. If (it is) so，you must get back and get it．如果这样的话，你必须回去把它拿来。
e.g.4.I’11 buy a TV set if (it is) necessary．如有必要，我就买一台电视机。
（3）状语从句中的部分内容若与主句的部分内容相同，可将从句中的此部分内容省去。
e.g. He has no money．If (he has) any，he will give us．他没有钱，如果有，他会给我们的。
让我们先看下面几道历年高考试题：
1.When______, the museum will be open to the public next year.
A. completed
B. completing
C. being completed
D. to be completed(2002年上海春季试题)
答案：A 。
分析：When completed, 是时间状语从句的省略，其之间省略了it is, 原句可变为：
When it is completed, the museum will be open to the public next year.
2.Unless______ to speak, you should remain silent at the conference.
A. invited
B. inviting
C. being invited
D. having invited(2003年上海春季试题)
答案：A 。
分析：Unless______ to speak，是条件状语从句的省略，其之间省略了you are, 原句可变为：
Unless you are invited to speak, you should remain silent at the conference.
3.If______ the same treatment again, he is sure to get well.
A. giving
B. give
C. given
D. being given(1998年上海高考试题)
答案：C 。
分析：If______ the same treatment again, 也是条件状语从句的省略，其之间省略了he is, 原句可变为：
If he is the same treatment again, he is sure to get well.
4.It shames me to say it, but I told a lie when______ at the meeting by my boss.
A. questioning
B. having questioned
C. questioned
D. to be questioned(2004年甘肃、青海等省市高考试题)
答案：C 。
分析：…when______ at the meeting by my boss. 是时间状语从句的省略，其之间省略了I was, 原句可变为：
It shames me to say it, but I told a lie when I was questioned at the meeting by my boss.
5. When first______ to the market, these products enjoyed great success.
A. introducing
B. introduced
C. introduce
D. being introduced(2004年吉林、四川等省市高考试题)
答案：B 。
分析：When first______ to the market, 也是时间状语从句的省略，其之间省略了they were, 原句可变为：
When they were first introduced to the market, these products enjoyed great success.
一．时间状语从句的省略。这类从句主要由when，while，as soon as，once，until等引导。例如：
1.When (he was) still a boy of ten, he started working to support himself.
2.Don't leave the machine till (you are) told to.
3.I'll let you know as soon as (it is) arranged.
但要注意，before和after虽然也可以用作连词引导时间状语从句，却不能用于这类省略主语和be的结构。例如：
The plan should be discussed once again before it is carried out.
上句不能改为：
The plan should be discussed once again before carried out.
上句也可以改为：
The plan should be discussed once again before being carried out. (句中before不是连词而是介词，后面的being carried out是V-ing形式短语作介词的宾语，整个句子是简单句，而不是复合句。
二．地点状语从句中的省略。主要由where, wherever引导。例如：
1.He is always ready to help others wherever (he is) needed.
2.You can add some words to your composition where (it is) necessary.
三．条件状语从句的省略。主要由if，unless引导。例如：
1.She won't go to his birthday party unless (she is ) invited.
2.The news is quite important to us, if (it is) true.
但若if引导的是表示假设的虚拟条件句，虽具备条件，可不能用于这类省略。这时如果if从句的谓语动词中含有were，had，should，则可以用倒装省略，即将were，had或should提到句首，而将连词if省略。例如：
Were it not for you, I would also go there with them.
Had you come here earlier, you would have met him.
Should it be fine tomorrow, we would go for an outing.
另外，当once作"一旦，一经"解，连接时间或条件状语从句，其主语与主句的主语相同或其主语为it + be时，常省略从句中的主语或it + be。例如：
Once (it was) published, his work became famous for the absence of rhyme at the end of each line.
Once (you) lose confidence, you can never expect to do your work well.
四．让步状语从句的省略。主要由though，although，however，whatever，even if，even though，no matter how/what引导。例如：
1.Though (he had been) defeated many times, he didn't lose heart.
2.They worked very hard, though (he was) still rather weak.
与if引导的虚拟条件从句不能用这类省略一样，as引导的让步状语从句同样不能省略。不过如果让步状语从句由as引导时，从句中的表语（一般是形容词或名词）或状语必须提前到as前，构成倒装。如果作表语的是单数可数名词，则还须省略不定冠词。例如：
Poor as he was, he was honest.
Hard as he tried, he still failed.
Much as I like her, I won't marry her.
Child as he is, he can express himself in good English.
五．原因状语从句的省略。主要由because引导。例如：
1.He decided not to watch the foot ball match because (he was) not himself.
2.I forget to post the letter for you because (I was) too busy.
六．比较状语从句的省略。主要由as，than引导。例如：
1.In winter it is much colder in Beijing than (it is) in Shanghai.
2.The project was completed earlier than (it was) expected.
3.Mary is not so shy as (she was) a year ago when I first met her.
七．方式状语从句的省略。主要由as，as if引导。例如：
1.The old man sat at the corner alone, as if (he was) thinking of something.
2.English is not so difficult to learn, as (it is) generally supposed.
综上所述，不难发现：这些省略形式的状语从句大都以"从属连词+形容词（副词、介词短语、不定式短语、现在分词或过去分词）"构成的。省略后的句子不仅意思清楚，不会引起误解，而且结构紧凑，语言简练流畅，读起来明快生动。
5.定语从句中关系词的省略
6.虚拟语气中if和should的省略
7.考查not,so,neither,nor的“替代性”省略
练习
1.The boy wanted to ride his bike in the street, but his mother told him _____.
A. not to
B. not to do
C. not do it
D. do not to
2.The traditional goal of science is to discover how things are, not how they ought ____.
A. to
B. to be
C. be
D. have been
3.---Did you work in the lab every afternoon? ---No, but sometimes, I wish I ____.
A. had time to
B. had time to do
C. have time to
D. have time
4.---I hope the children won’t touch the dog. ----I’ve warned them ____.
A. not
B. not to
C. not touch
D. not do
5.Some students are going to China in summer vacation, and ____.
A.some are to America
B. some going to America
C. some to America
D. some America
6.The workers did all ___ good care of the old man.
A. they could to take
B. they could take
C. which they could to take
D. what they could to take
7.Of all the things in the world, I think life and love are ____.
A.very much precious
B. more than precious
C. the preciousest
D. the most precious
8.The photographs of other planets taken by satellite are clear than ___.
A. the earth
B. those taken from the earth
C. those of the earth
D. of the earth
9.why ___? It is not very serious.
A. to worry
B. worry
C. not worry
D. you are worried
10.___ the road, don’t forget to look both ways.
A. As crossing
B. While you cross
C. While crossing
D. Cross
11.Chemistry is the science of substances ___ the science of energy.
A. and is physics
B. or is physics
C. and physics
D. or physics is
12. –Who broke the window? --- ____.
A. Him
B. He
C. He broke
D. It is him
13.---Susan, go and join your sister cleaning the yard. --- Why ___? John is sitting there doing nothing. A. him B. he C. I D. me
14.---How do you find your missing pen? ----___.
A.Quite by accident
B. I found it in my drawer.
C. It writes well
D. It was well kept by myself.
15.---You must obey every word of mine. ----____ I don’t.?
A. How if
B. What if
C. Such as
D. Only if
16.When ___, the museum will be open to the public next year.
A. completed
B. completing
C. being completed
D. to be completed
17. The man we followed suddenly stopped and looked as if ____ whether he was going in the right direction. A. seeing B. having seen C. to have seen D. to see
18.I won’t go to his party next time. It couldn’t have been ____ in fact.
A. any better
B. any worse
C. so bad
D. the best
19. ---Does Bill do his new job well?
---_____ his old job. I am afraid there is no hope for him.
A. Not better than
B. No better than
C. Not so well as
D. Not as well as
20.---Leaving for Shanghai? ---____.
A. Soon
B. Lately
C. The other day
D. Sooner
21.The rent is expensive. I’ve got half the space I had at home and I’m paying ____here.
A. as three times much
B. as much three times
C. much as three times
D. three times as much
22. —Wait until we get a satisfactory one, will you? ---I couldn’t agree ___, It sounds good to me.
A. much
B. worse
C. more
D. at all
23. ——I’ll be away on a business trip. Would you mind looking after my cat?
——Not at all. ______________.
A. I’ve no time
B. I’d rather not
C. I’d like it
D. I’d be happy to
24. ——Let me introduce myself. I’m Albert. ——____________.
A.What a pleasure
B. It’s my pleasure
C. Pleased to meet you
D. I’m very pleased
25. ——Do you mind my taking this seat？——__________.
A. Yes, sit down
B. No, of course not
C. Yes, take it please
D. No, you can’t take it
26. ——I usually go there by train. ——Why not _____by boat for a change?
A. to try going
B. trying to go
C. to try and go
D. try going
27. Unless________ to speak, you should remain silent at the conference.
A. invited
B. inviting
C. being invited
D. having invited
28. Though_______ money, his parents managed to send him to university.
A. lacked
B. lacking of
C. lacking
D. lacked in
29. The research is so designed that once _____nothing can be done to change it..
begins B having begun C. beginning D. begun
30. The man we followed suddenly stopped and looked as if________ whether he was going in the right direction. A. seeing B. having seen C. to have seen D. to see
31. ______, he doesn’t want to go to school and keep in touch with the bad boys.
A. As he is a student
B. He is as student
C. Student as he is
D. As students he is
32. ——The boys are not doing a good job at all, are they? ——_________.
A. I guess not so
B. I don’t guess
C. I don’t guess so
D. I guess not
33. In a way, I think we both won: I the game, but cousin Ed my ______.
A.friendship
B. respect
C. support
D. favor
34. — I hate talking with that guy. Look, he is coming. What should I do?—Don’t speak until _____. A. speaking B. spoken to C. spoken D. speaking to
35. — How are you getting on with your work?
—Oh, I’m sorry. Things aren’t going so well as _____.
A. plans
B. planning
C. planned
D. to plan
36. He is only too ready to help others, seldom, _____, refusing them when they turn to him.
A. if never
B. if ever
C. if not
D. if any
37. While _____ holding talks with President Hu Jintao, US President George W. Bush thanked China for its important role in the Six-Party Talks.
A. he is
B. he was
C./
D. B or C
38. —You should have thanked her before you left. — I meant _____, but when I was leaving I couldn’t find her anywhere
A. to thank
B. to
C. /
D. thanking
39. When first _____ to the market, these products enjoyed great success.
A. introducing
B. introduced
C. introduce
D. being introduced
40. I wonder why you won't do it as _____. It's the third time you have done so.
A. told to
B. be told
C. told you
D. you told
41. He is rather difficult to make friends with, but his friendship, _____ is more true than any other. A. once gained B. when to gain C. after is gained D. while gaining
42. You may take them all home _____.
A. if possible
B. if can
C. if impossible
D. if you are possible
43. Water, _____ enough, can change into vapor quickly
A. when heated
B. while heating
C. when to be heated
D. when is heated
44. — Should I look up each word that I don’t understand?
— No, turn to your dictionary only when _____.
A. you are necessary
B. you need
C. necessary
D. you are needed
45. — You seem to have lost your way. _____? — I'm looking for Wangfujing Street.
A. What for
B. Need help
C. Why so
D. Where to
答案：1-5ABABC 6-10ADBBC 11-15CADCB 16-20ADBBA 21-25DCDCB 26-30DACDD 31-35CDABC 36-40CDBBA 41-45AAACB
高考英语语法——省略 无论在口语中还是在书面语中,有时为了讲话简洁或行文方便,常常在不影响文意的情况下将句子中的某些成分略去,这种现象称为省略。纵观历年高考试题,"省略"在单项填空中频频出现。 简单句中的省略 1、省略主语祈使句中主语通常省略；其它省略主语多限于少数现成的说法。 (1) (I) Thank you for your help. (2) (I) See you tomorrow. (3) (It) Doesn’t matter. (4) (I) Beg your pardon. 2、省略主谓或主谓语的一部分 (1) (There is) No smoking . (2) (Is there) Anything wrong ? (3) (Will you) Have a smoke ? (4) What/How (do you think) about a cup of tea ? (5) Why (do you) not say hello to him ? 3、省略作宾语的不定式短语，只保留to，但如果该宾语是动词be或完成时态，则须在之后加上be或have: (1) –Are you going there? --Yes, I’d like to (go there). (2) He didn’t give me the chance, though he had promised to (give me the chance). (3) –Are you an engineer? --No, but I want to be. (4) –He hasn’t finished the task yet. --Well, he ought to have. 4、省略表语 (1) –Are you thirsty? --Yes, I am (thirsty). (2) His brother isn’t lazy, nor is his sister (lazy). 5、同时省略几个成分 (1) Let’s meet at the same place as (we met) yesterday. (2) –-Have you finished your work ? ---(I have) Not (finished my work) yet. 1、主句中有一些成分被省略 (1) ( I’m ) Sorry to hear you are ill. (2) ( It’s a ) Pity that he missed such a good chance. 2、主句中有一些成分被省略 (1) –Is he coming back tonight? --I think so. (2) –She must be busy now? --If so, she can’t go with us. (3) –Is she feeling better today? --I’m afraid not. (4) –Do you think he will attend the meeting? --I guess not. 这种用法常见的有：How so? Why so? Is that so? I hope so. He said so.及I suppose/believe/hope not. 两个并列句中，后一个分句常省略与前一分句中相同的部分。 (1) My father is a doctor and my mother (is) a nurse. (2) I study at college and my sister (studies) at high school. (3) When summer comes, the day is getting longer and longer, and the night (is getting) shorter and shorter. 1、连词的that省略 (1) 宾语从句中常省略连词that，但也有不能省略的情况。
高中英语语法之省略 英语中省略现象较为普遍，对省略的考查已成为高考中的热点。句子成分的省略，可分为以下几种情况： 为了使话说得简明扼要，英语句子中某个单词、短语甚至从句或主句都可以省去。Ⅰ、状语从句中的省略用法 一、如果从句的主语和主句的主语一致，且从句的谓语含有be动词的某种形式 （am/is/are/was/were），可同时省略从句的主语和be动词的某种形式。 1、when，while引导的时间状语从句 e.g. Do be careful when (you are) crossing the street. When/While (I was) on my way to work, I met her. 2、if，unless，once引导的条件状语从句 e.g. If (it is) properly treated, waste will do no harm to the environment. I’ll not go to the party unless (I am) invited. Once (you are) caught stealing in a supermarket, you will be punished. 3、though，although，whether，no matter whether/what/how/who等引导的 让步状语从句 e.g. He was happy, though/although (he was) poor. Whether (she is) sick or well, she is always cheerful. No matter how/However hard the task (is), we must fulfill it in time. （注：从句的主语和主句的主语不一致时，只省略从句中的be动词形式） 4、as if，as though引导的方式状语从句 e.g. He rubbed his eyes and yawned as if/though (he was) waking up after a long sleep. He stood up as if/though (he wanted) to leave.（as if/though + to do表示一个将来的动作） 二、than，as引导的比较状语从句中的省略用法：当不同的主语进行比较时， 一般省略从句中的谓语；当从句中的主语与谓语（be动词除外）和主句中的主语与谓语相同时，通常省略从句中的主语和谓语，只保留比较部分。 e.g. He is taller than his brother (is).
外教一对一https://www.doczj.com/doc/0e14971438.html, 英语语法中的省略现象 并列复合句中的省略 在并列句中后边的分句可以省略与前边分句中相同的成分。如： a) The boy picked up a coin in the road and (the boy ) handed it to a policeman. 这个男孩在马路上拾起一枚硬币并把他交给了警察。 b) Your advice made me happy but(your advice made) Tom angry .你的建议使我高兴但使汤姆生气。 c) Tom must have been playing basketball and Mary (must have been)doing her homework. 汤姆肯定一直在打篮球，玛丽一直在写作业。 d) Gao Xiumin was born in 1959 and Fu Biao (was born) in 1963.高秀敏出生于 1959 年，傅彪出生于 1963 年。 其他一些省略结构 1.名词所有格修饰的名词，若表示住宅、店铺、教堂或上下文已暗示或明确指出过的事物时，常常可以省略。如： We spent the weekend at the Mary's. 我们在玛丽家过的周末。 2.What 和 how 引导的感叹句中，常可省略主语 it 和 be 动词如： a) What a wonderful victory (it is ) for Tom ! 这对 Tom 来说是个多么大的胜利呀! b) How beautiful (it is ) to be treated like a normal child. 被当作一个正常孩子对待对他而言是多么美妙的一件事呀。
专题十六倒装句和省略句重难点分析 一、倒装句 倒装句主要考查以下几个方面： ◆含有否定意味的词置于句首，用部分倒装； ◆“only+状语/状语从句”置于句首，用部分倒装； ◆so/such…that句型中，“so+形容词/副词”提前，用部分倒装； ◆表示方位的副词或介词短语放在句首，要用完全倒装。 1. 倒装句用法一览表：
2. 特别提示 (1) there be结构的倒装句型中，除了be动词之外，there后还可接lie, live, seem to be等。如：There lived an old man in the village long long ago. 很久很久以前，村子里住着一位老人。 (2) here, there, now, then, up, down, away, out等副词位于句首，主语为代词时不到装。如：Away it flew. 它飞走了。 (3) 直接引语的一部分或全部位于句首，主句倒装，主句倒装，但是主语为代词时不倒装。如：“You have to finish it tonight,” she said. “今晚你必须完成它，”她说。 (4) so位于句首不倒装的情况：
① 主语与前句相同，表赞同，译为“确实如此”。如： — Mike studies hard. 迈克学习很刻苦。 — So he does. 确实是。 ② 表示前句内容也适用于另外的人或事，前句如果列举了两种事实以上，用“so it is/was with sb./sth.”回答。如： — Tom is kind and often helps those in trouble. 汤姆很友好，经常帮助处于困境中的人。 — So it is with his father. 他父亲也是。 (5) 使用as/though进行倒装时注意： ①句首有名词，名词不能带任何冠词。如：Child as he is, he can tell right from wrong. 尽管他是个孩子，却能够明辨是非。 ②句首是实义动词时，其他助动词则放在主语之后。如果实义动词有宾语和状语，则宾语和状语随实义动词一起放在主语之前。如： Try hard as he will, he never seems to be able to do the work satisfactorily. 虽然他尽力了，但他的工作总做得不尽如人意。 (6) not until位于句首的倒装结构中，如果是复合句，只有主句用倒装，从句不用。如： Not until he loses his health will he give up smoking. 他直到失去健康才会戒烟。 二、省略句 高考命题导向：省略是一种避免重复，保持简洁的语法手段。缺少一个或一个以上的必要语言成分，但在一定语境中能够独立存在，意义明确，并且能发挥交际功能的句子叫作省略句。高考主要是考查省略在固定结构中的运用。 省略句用法一览表：
详解高中英语中省略句的问题 莎士比亚曾经说过：Brevity is the soul of wit. （言以简为贵）。为了使话说得简明扼要，英语句子中某个单词、短语甚至从句或主句都可以省去。这种省去句子某些成分而保持句子意思不变的现象，称为省略（ellipsis）。 一、省略的目的 省略多见于非正式的文体，尤其在对话中，省略是一种十分普遍的现象。英语中的省略一般说来有三个目的： A．避免重复，减少累赘。 省略的主要目的是避免重复，去掉不必要的累赘和繁琐。 Mike said that he would come to school to see me the next day, but he didn't come to school to see me the next day. 迈克说他第二天要来学校看我，但是第二天他并没有来学校看我。 -- Mike said that he would come to school to see me the next day, but he didn't. 迈克说他第二天要来学校看我，但是他并没有来。(省掉最后九个词，句子简洁多了)— What did he want yesterday 他昨天要了什么 —An apple. 一个苹果。（如果回答时说出全文“He wanted an apple yesterday”，便显得别扭，不自然） B．连接紧密，结构紧凑。 省略也是使上下文紧密连接的一种修辞手段。 John was the winner in 1994 and Bob in 1998. 约翰是1994年的获胜者，鲍勃是1998年的获胜者。（Bob后省略了was the winner，句子结构显得比较紧凑） In some places we stopped in tents for the night, in other places in caves. 我们在有些地方住在帐篷里过夜，在有些地方住在山洞里。（in other places 后省略了主语和谓语we stopped for the night，上下文连接更加紧密） 省略： 回答问题要简洁，并列重复需省略。祈使主语常省略，比较than后需省略。宾从表从that勿省略。前后出现同一词，习惯表达需省略。 C．强调重点，突出信息。 省略的另一作用是突出新的信息。 Truth speaks too low, hypocrisy too loud. 真理讲话声太低，虚伪讲话声太高。（后一分句省略谓语speaks，突出了too loud） — Have you told him that 你把那告诉他了吗 — Not yet. 还没有呢。(= I have not told him that yet. 强调not yet ) 二、可省略的成分 省略大致可归纳为功能词的省略和语法结构上的省略两种。在很多情况下，这两种省略存在着交*的关系，即有时既是功能词的省略，同时又是语法结构上的省略。 A．功能词的省略 功能词指的是没有完整意义，但有语法意义的词，如冠词、介词、助动词等。英语句子结构的简洁，首先表现在功能词的省略上。 1．冠词的省略 They elected John (the) monitor of the class. 他们选约翰当班长。
英语语法省略句 省略句 1)不定式在love, mean, want, like, wish, expect, try, intend, plan, refuse, prefer, seem等动词后面 2)在happy，glad，eager，ready，willing等形容词后面。 1.---will you join us? --- I should love to(join you). 2.I asked him to see the film, but he didn’t want to(s ee the film). 3.--- Would you like to go with us? --- Yes, I’m glad to(go with you) 4.He doesn’t get up early as he used to. (get up) 注意: 如果不定式中含有be, have(助动词), have been, 通常保留be, have(助动词), have been. 1.--- Are you a sailor? --- No, but I used to be. 2.---He hasn’t finished yet. ---well, he ought to have. 1. —I'll be away on a business trip. Would you mind looking after my cat? —Not at all, ________ . (NMET 1995) A. I have no time B. I'd rather not C. I‘d like it D. I'd be happy to 2. —Does your brother intend to study German? —Yes, he intends ________ . (NMET 1998上海卷)
谈高考英语试题中“省略”的考查 对省略现象的考查已成为近年来英语高考试题中的常考点。因为省略这种语法手段既可避免重复，突出新的信息，又能使上下文更紧密地连接起来。这也正符合现代生活快节奏的需要。因此，在英语口语中，只要不损害结构和引起歧义，能省略的地方就尽可能省略。 但有时省略的成分，在句中占有相当的份量，能表达一定的信息，这无疑就增加了试题的难度。因此在解题时，除了应特别注意进行语境分析，从上文或上、下文中找出相关的省略成份外，还要对常用的省略知识有所了解，从而做到有的放矢，找出解题的突破口。下面就该问题作一分析。 一、复合句中的省略现象 复合句中的省略现象通常出现在状语从句中。 一）在含有比较结构的复合句中，常在as或than引导的分句中省略某些与主句相同的成分或省略在特定上下文或特定情景中某些不言而喻的成分；或整个as/than从句。如： 1.The pianos in the other shop will be______, but_____.(MET90) A.cheaper;not as better B.more cheap; not as better C.cheaper; not as good
D.more cheap; not as good 本题应选C。分别为cheaper than those in this shop 和theyare not as good as those in this s hop的省略。 2.John plays football________,if not better than, David.(NMET94) A.as well B.as well as C.so well D.so well as 本题应选B。根据上下文可看出if not better than 为if Johndoesn"t play football better than David(plays football) 的省略。那么，排除这个条件的话，John和David就踢得一样好了。 故要用副词well 的同级比较的肯定式。 3.How beautifully she sings! I"ve never heard _______ .(NMET96) A.the better voice B.a good voice C.the best voice D.a better voice 本题应选D。从整个语境来分析，后句中的比较状语从句than hers被省略掉了。故此题应选比较级。 二）如果复合句中的时间、条件、原因状语从句用了主语＋be＋分词结构，且主、从句主语一致时，可省略从句的连接词、主语和be助动词，只保留分词和其它成分。如：
2019 小升初英语语法省略句知识点：空缺与增补 小升初英语语法省略句知识点：空缺与增补 两个主语不同的句子，谓语有相同部分，也有不同部分，如果用 连词连接起来实行对比，则其相同部分在后面分句中能够省略，这样，后 面分句中就出现“空缺”现象。“空缺” 处通常被省略的是动词， 或动词及其宾语、补足语等。汉译时不妨采用“补齐”的方法。例如： A sound must be heard ，a colour seen ，a flavour tasted ， an odour inhaled.，颜色必须目视，滋味必须口尝，气味必须鼻吸。( 后三句省略 must be) Histories make men wise；mathematic logic and rhetoric able to contend. ；数学使人精细；逻辑和修辞 使人善辩。( 原文后两句省略make men) 注意 than 引出的比较从句中，套有 when引导的时间从句或 if 引导的条 件从句，而且该比较从句中的省略部分与整个句子的主要结构一致时则 比较从句的省略部分可省略不译。例如： My uncle is better than when I wrote to 我伯父的身体比我上 次给你去信时好些了(...than 后面省略了he was) 灵活使用 对英语中一些特殊省略结构译法需灵活，指的是按正常语法规则 分析，有的无法增补，有的要用不同的方式来增补，使之成为完全句。 所以，汉译英时，视上下文加以灵活处理。 1.“宾语 +主语 +谓语 and + 谓语”结构 其中 and 连接的，是用作不同成分的同一个词，这个词既是第一分 句的宾语，又是第二分句的主语。此结构的特点是，把宾语提到句
高中英语省略句讲练 为了使话说得简明扼要，英语句子中某个单词、短语甚至从句或主句都可以省去。这种省去句子某些成分而保持句子意思不变的现象，称为省略（ellipsis） 种类例句说明 主语的省略 Beautiful day (= It is a beautiful day, isn’t it? Pity we live so far from the sea. (It is a pity we live so far from the sea. 有时也可省略整个句子的 主语和谓语，只保留次要 成分。 She was poor but (she was honest. --Did you know anything about the accident? --Not until you told me. (= I didn’t know anything about it until you told me. 谓语的省略 --what do you think made Mary so upset?
--Losing her new bicycle (made Mary so upset. 状语从句的省略Seen from the plane (when it is seen from the plane, the house looks like tiny toys. If (it is possible, I’ll go there with you. 注意状语从句中的主语同 主句主语的一致性。 不定式的省略 The boy wanted to ride his bicycle in the street, but his mother told him not to. (not to ride his bicycle in the street. --Alice, why didn’t you come yesterday? --I was going to (come yesterday, but I had an unexpected visitor. 若不定式后面是完成时， 省略时应保留have；不定 式后含有动词be的结构 时，也要保留be动词。 --Did you tell him the news? --I ought to have (told him the news, but I didn’t know how to speak. --Are you an engineer? --No, but I want to be.
在英语语言中，为了使语言简洁明了，重点突出或上下文紧密相连，可以省去某些句子成分而保持句子愿意不变，这种语言现象称之为省略。现就英语中的种种省略现象分析如下： 一、并列复合句中的省略 在并列句中后边的分句可以省略与前边分句中相同的成分。如： a) The boy picked up a coin in the road and (the boy ) handed it to a policeman. 这个男孩在马路上拾起一枚硬币并把他交给了警察。 b) Your advice made me happy but(your advice made) Tom angry .你的建议使我高兴但使汤姆生气。 c) Tom must have been playing basketball and Mary (must have been)doing her homework. 汤姆肯定一直在打篮球，玛丽一直在写作业。 d) Gao Xiumin was born in 1959 and Fu Biao (was born) in 1963.高秀敏出生于1959 年，傅彪出生于1963 年。 二、主从复合句中的省略 1．状语从句中的省略 一般说来省略现象多出现在下列五种状语从句中：由 when ,while ,as ,before, after , till, until, once 等引导的时间状语从句；由whether ,if , unless 等引导的条件状语从句；由though , although ,even if ,whatever 等引导的让步状语从句；由as ,than 等引导的比较状语从句；由as, as if , as though 等引导的方式状语从句。
高考中的省略 在英语中，有时为了避免结构上或内容上的重复，并使上下文紧密连接；有时因为语法的客观要求，句子中的一个或几个成分不需要表达出来，这种现象称为省略。英语中的省略要求不破坏语法结构，要保持句子意义的准确无误。省略有词法上的省略，也有句法上的省略，还有一种替代省略。省略部分的成分和含义可从上下文或具体语言环境中找到而且是有章可循的，英语的省略大致有以下几种情况： 一、简单句中的省略 1）感叹句中常省略主语和谓语，如：What a hot day ! How wonderful! 2）在一些口语中可以省略某些句子成分，如：Anything else ? —Are you feeling better now ? —Much better . This way, please. 二、并列句中的省略 1）如果主语不同，而谓语动词中的一部分相同，则省略谓语动词中相同的部分，如：John must have been playing basketball and Mary doing her homework. 2）主语相同，谓语动词也相同，则二者都可以省略，如：His advice made John happy, but Mary angry. 3）主语相同，而谓语不同，则可以省略主语，如：He gave up drinking for several days, but soon returned to his old ways. 4）在并列复合句中，如果that从句从属于第二个并列句且它的谓语动词和宾语等其它一些成分与第一个并列句相同，that从句通常可以省略这些相同的部分，如：Jack will danceat the party, but I know Tom won't . 三、复合句中的省略 I）名词性从句中的省略 （1）作宾语的what从句中的谓语动词与主句的相同，则what从句可以省略谓语，甚至主语，如：Someone has used my bike, but I don't know who . He has gone, but no one knows where. （2）引导宾语从句的连词that在口语中常常省略,或并列的宾语从句中的第一个连词that 也能省略，如: He said he had arrived here two days before and that he had lived in a hotel. （3）在某些表虚拟语气的主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句中，从句谓语动词中的助动词should可以省略。这些句子一般包含如下动词一及其派生词：一个坚持(insist)，二个命令(order, command)，三建议(suggest, propose, advise )，四要求(demand, require, request, ask) ，如：It's important that we speak to the old politely. Jane's pale face suggested that she was ill and her parents suggested that she have a medical examination. (4) It is necessary(important, impossible, strange, natural, a pity, no wonder) that...主语从句中，如: It is necessary that the problem be solved at once. (5)有时也可以根据说话的情景来省略主句中的一些成分，如：Sorry I've kept you waiting so long.
省略句 定义：为了使语言简洁或避免重复，要省略句中的一个或几个成分，这种语法现象称之为省略。 1，状语从句的省略 在when, while, whenever, till, as soon as, if, unless, as if, though 等引导的状语从句中，其实是：包括时间，让步，方式等一些状语从句中，若从句主语和主句主语相同，或者是it时，且从句的主语为be动词时，则从句中的主语和be 动词常全部被省略。 If _______________(heat), water will boil . When ___________(walk) the dog , you were careless and it got loose . 常用的一些短语： 1, if possible , when/ if necessary, as … as possible, as please (随便) I will do what I can _____________(help) you when necessary. If necessary , I will write him a letter . 2, if so (如果是这样)，if ever (如果曾经发生过)，if any(如果有些)，if not (如果不)，even so （即便如此） I will go to the party. If not, I will let you know. I do not like reading popular novels. If any, I can read it. It is likely to rain tomorrow. If so, I will stay at home surfing the Internet. 3, 在as, than, however，whatever, no matter what 等引导的从句中，常省略某些成分。 After two hours she became quieter (than she had been). ) 2，虚拟语气中的省略： 1），常省略if，而将had，were, should 提前，构成部分倒装。 __________ he _________(take) my advice, he would have succeeded. 2),在suggest动词串中，应用虚拟语气虚拟语气（should +动词原形），should 可省略。 It suggested that we (should ) go to see a film. 3，在定语从句和名词性从句中的省略。 1），在限定性定语从句中，常将在从句中做宾语或状语的关系词who, whom, that省略。 The girl _________________ the teacher spoke to is my sister. I don't like the way ________________she speaks to her mother . 2), 在know, think, consider等动词后所接的宾语从句中，连词that可以省略，若连接的是两个宾语从句，只有第一个 that可以省略，其余的不可以省略。 He said (that) the text was very important and that we should learn it by heart. 5, 动词不定式的省略。 1），使役动词let, make, have, 及感官动词see, watch, hear,等后面作宾语补足语的不定式要省去to,但是被动语态要加上to I saw the boy fall from the tree. =>The boy was seen to fall from the tree. The boy wanted to play football in the street, but his mother told him______.A not B not to C not to do D not to do it 2), 有时候为了避免重复，与前文所表达的内容相同的不定式to后面的内容要省略，而只是保持不定式的符号to。Could you go shopping with me？I am glad to. 3), 不定式作某些动词的宾语时，可省略不定式内容，只保留不定式to, 这类动词包括有like, love, hope, wish, expect, refuse, mean, try, agree等 You can do it if you mean to. 注意：省略的不定式的内容若有作助动词用的have 或be的任何形式时，to 后面的have 或be 要保留。 He did not come, but he ought ________
英语语法省略 一，在由and连接的句子中，为避免重复常省略一些重复的词或词组。 1. 省略共同的主语或宾语。Mr. Smith picked up a coin in the road and (Mr.Smith)handed it to a policeman. 2. 若主语不同而谓语助动词，情态动词相同，则省略后面的助动词或情态动词。Jack must have been playing football and Mary (must have been)doing her homework. 3. 若主语与谓语动词相同，则省略后面的主谓成分。His advice made me happy, but (his advice made) Jim angry. 4. 若主语不同，但主要动词及后续部分相同，则省略主要动词及后续部分。I was born in winter in 1988 and Bob ( was born in winter) in 1989. 5. 省略重复的介词，连词及后续部分。He was late because he had overslept and (because he had) missed the train. 二，状语从句的省略。 1. 在when, while, whenever, till, as soon as, if, unless, as if, though, as, whether等引导的状语从句中，若谓语有be, 而主语又跟主句主语相同或是it时，则从句的主语和be常被省略。As (he was) young, he was a store-keeper. His opinion, whether (it is) right or wrong, would be considered. 2. 在as, than, however, whatever, no matter what等引导的从句中常省略某些成分。Anyone, no matter who (he is), may point out our shortcomings. I can only do it the way as (I was) told to (do it that way). 3. 虚拟条件句常省略if, 将were, had, should提前构成部分倒装。Should there be a flood = (If there should be a flood), what should we do? 4. 有些状语从句置于句末，可作句尾省略，有时可省略整个从句。John will go there if my brother will (go). I would have come yesterday (if I had wanted to).
省略句 1.省略句的定义 省略是为了避免重复、突出新信息并使上下文紧密连接的一种语法修辞手段。省略在语言中，尤其在对话中，是一种十分普遍的现象。 2.词的省略 （1）省略介词 He spent four hours (in) going over his lessons. 他花了四个小时复习功课。 I’ve studied Eng1ish (for) five years.我已学五年英语了。 （2）省略连词that I believe (that) you will succeed．我相信你们会成功的。 It’s a pity (that) he’s leaving. 他要走，真遗憾。 I’m sure (that) she will help you. 我肯定她会帮你的。 （3）省略关系代词 I’ll give you all (that) I have. 我要把我所有的一切都给你。 He read the book (which) I got yesterday. 他看过我昨天买的书了。 3.句子成分的省略 （1）省略主语 Beg your pardon. （我）请你原谅。（Beg前省略了主语I） Take care! 当心！（Take前省略了主语you） Looks as if it will rain. 看起来象要下雨。（Looks前省略了主语it） （2）省略谓语 Who next? 该谁了？（Who后面省略了谓语comes） The river was deep and the ice thin. （ice后面省略了was） We’ll do the best we can. 我们将尽力而为。（can后面省略了动词do） （3）省略表语 Are you ready? Yes, I am. 你准备好了吗？我准备好了。（am后面省略了ready） He was a lover of sports as he had been in his youth. 他还是象年轻时那样，是一位运动爱好者。（had been后面省略了a lover of sports） （4）省略宾语 Let’s do the dishes. I’ll wash and you’ll dry. 让我们洗碗吧，我来洗，你来揩干。（wash和dry 后面省略了宾语dishes） （5）省略定语 He spent part of the money, and the rest he saved. 那钱他花了部分，其余的他都存了起来。（the rest后面省略了定语of the money） （6）省略状语 He was not hurt. Strange! 他没有受伤，真奇怪！（Strange前面省略了状语how） 4. 从句的省略 ?名词性从句
省略句 为了使话说得简明扼要，英语句子中某个单词、短语甚至从句或主句都可以省去。 这种省去句子某些成分而保持句子意思不变的现象，称为省略（ellipsis）
Ⅰ、状语从句中的省略用法 一、如果从句的主语和主句的主语一致，且从句的谓语含有be动词的某种形式 （am/is/are/was/were），可同时省略从句的主语和be动词的某种形式。 1、when，while引导的时间状语从句 e.g. Do be careful when (you are) crossing the street. When/While (I was) on my way to work, I met her. 2、if，unless，once引导的条件状语从句 e.g. If (it is) properly treated, waste will do no harm to the environment. I’ll not go to the party unless (I am) invited. Once (you are) caught stealing in a supermarket, you will be punished. 3、though，although，whether，no matter whether/what/how/who等引导的 让步状语从句 e.g. He was happy, though/although (he was) poor. Whether (she is) sick or well, she is always cheerful. No matter how/However hard the task (is), we must fulfill it in time. （注：从句的主语和主句的主语不一致时，只省略从句中的be动词形式） 4、as if，as though引导的方式状语从句 e.g. He rubbed his eyes and yawned as if/though (he was) waking up after a long sleep. He stood up as if/though (he wanted) to leave.（as if/though + to do表示一个将来的动作） 二、than，as引导的比较状语从句中的省略用法：当不同的主语进行比较时， 一般省略从句中的谓语；当从句中的主语与谓语（be动词除外）和主句中的主语与谓语相同时，通常省略从句中的主语和谓语，只保留比较部分。 e.g. He is taller than his brother (is). I have as much as confidence in you as (I have confidence) in him.