综合英语课程单元教学设计
——First lesson
授课内容：First lesson
学习语法的目的，方法；本学期本课程的教学目标，内容及课程考核内容授课班级2012 3G 3、4 授课时间2课时授课地点：教室
教学目标
能力（技能）目标知识目标素质（情感）目标
1、能从活动中认识语法
在语言学习中的重要
性。
2、能根据要求确定个人
学习目标。
1、掌握学习英语语法的
目的、方法。
2、了解本专业英语语法
课程的教学内容、目标
及考核内容。
帮助学生根据个人发展需求
制定学习目标，选取得当的学
习方法。
教学重点与难点根据要求确定个人学习目标。
根据个人情况制定个人学习计划。
教学方法小组讨论法任务驱动法情境模拟法归纳总结法
能力训练任务1、运用给出的句型做自我介绍。
2、在小组内根据个人想法，运用更多不同的句子介绍自己。
3、讨论学习英语语法的方法。
4、根据本课程的教学目标、内容及考核内容制定个人学习计划。
教学参考资料1、《剑桥中级英语语法》
2、《实用英语语法》
3、《新思维情景英语语法》
教学设计
Step I. Introduction ( 25’)
1. T make Ss get involved in the new class gradually by greetings and free talking. ( 5’) T: (Greeting) …
Do you know what I’m doing now? I’m now guessing what you are guessing now. May be you’re guessing what the teacher will do next. Or you’re thinking “I hate grammar, the teacher must be very nasty like learning English.” Am I right? Take it easy. Because it the first time for us to know each other as teacher and students. Of course, for myself, I want to know you first, so would you mind introducing yourselves to me?
2. T writes down the following expressions on Bb. T uses the expressions to introduce herself to Ss, then invites a few Ss to introduce themselves with the expressions. (5’)
I’m …. I’m from…. I like…. I live in …. I have….
T: How do you think of my introduction? I just feel everybody are saying the same thing, and use almost words. The listeners may feel bored. Actually every of us can make it very interesting and different. We may let others know a lot about us, we are different persons, of course we have something different to tell others.
3. T does self-introduction again in a different way. (5’)
T: I’m your new teacher, I will lead you to learn to play with English words and sentences. You may call me Ms. Li if you like to. I don’t like the students who are clever but lazy, while I appreciate the ones who always work for a certain goal. In my class, I want everybody to be willing to learn, know what to do, and why to do. I hope we can communicate more in English, and help you more.
T have Ss prepare to do a different self-introduction, and then to the whole class. (10’) T leads Ss know the aim for them to learn grammar.
T: we sometimes feel very hard to say what we think in English , for we are weak in using its grammar, it’s because we may don’t know how to use a word appropriately, or say a proper sentence. So we must learn English grammar, to know the usage of different words, and put words and phrases properly together to be sentences. Then we can understand others, and we can describe our own thoughts, and we can write articles, and do everything well with English.
Step II. Discussion (40’ )
1. T lets Ss discuss in groups to share their own ways to learn English grammar in the past years or now. ( 5’)
2. T leads Ss to do activities: (20’)
A. T shows a word to Ss, and asks Ss to make learn its usage. (5’)
sports
play games
instruments
plays
play with
B. T shows two words to Ss, and asks them to learn the differences between them. (10’)
make ？做？do
create something not existed
make a person ?? ？做人？do a person??
I hope to be a good person.
C. T shows two phrases to Ss, and asks them to learn the differences between them. ( 10’)
a bit a little
I’m a bit hungry. I’m a little hungry.
He walked a bit slowly. He walked a little slowly.
A bit is enough for me. A little is enough for me.
I know only a bit about her. I know only a little about her. There is a bit of water in the bottle. There is a little water in the bottle.
May I have a little of your tea. ( …中的一些) D．T shows a group of words and phrases to Ss, and asks them to make sentences. (10’) play, a little, a bit, make, do,
3. T introduces the key way to learn grammar. (5’)
a.To be a good observer.
b.To get rid of Chinese while learning. C.To be careful enough. 妈妈给我买了一双鞋。
Last week. I met a old friend, he give me a …
Step III. Teaching aims, contents, and tests (20’)
1.T shows the teaching aims of the course.
Primary school English teacher, junior school English teacher
2.T shows the teaching contents of the course.
根据《义务教育英语课程标准》制定
3.T shows something about tests.
attendance 5% class
class participation 5% T—give assignments, check,give marks Daily scores (30%) homework 5% Ss—do the assignment out of class,show
quiz 5%
grammar teaching show 10%
Step IV. Assignments
1、名词分为哪几种？可数名词的用法有哪些？不可数名词的用法有哪些？可数名词单数变化为复数形式的
规则有哪些？
2、教学模拟：可数名词与不可数名词；可数名词的单复数形式 . 15分钟
教学后记：
综合英语课程单元教学设计——项目一：名词
授课内容：模块一：
名词的基本分类，可数、不可数名词的用法，可数名词复数形式的变化规则授课班级2012 3G 3、4 授课时间2课时授课地点：教室
教学目标
能力（技能）目标知识目标素质（情感）目标
1、能准确分辨名词，划
分不同名词的类型。
2、能熟练使用可数名词
与不可数名词。
3、能准确地将可数名词
的单数变化为复数形
式。
4、能准确读出可数名词
的复数形式。
1、掌握名词的概念，名
词、分类。
2、掌握可数名词、不可
数名词的区别、用法。
3、掌握可数名词单数
形式变为复数形式的各
种规则。
4、掌握可数名词复数词
尾的发音方法。
培养学生自主学习能力、归纳
总结能力。
培养学生学以致用的的能力。
教学重点与难点熟练使用可数名词与不可数名词。
准确地将可数名词的单数变化为复数形式。准确读出可数名词的复数形式。
教学方法小组讨论法任务驱动法情境模拟法归纳总结法
能力训练任务1、将给出的名词按照不同方法进行分类。
2、两人一组根据给出的情境进行即兴对话。
3、在小组内进行句子辨析。
4、教学模拟：可数名词与不可数名词；可数名词的单复数形式
教学参考资料1、《剑桥中级英语语法》P136-141
2、《实用英语语法》
3、《新思维情景英语语法》
教学设计：
Step I. Lead-in ( 5’)
Work in groups to share what you ’ve learned about Nouns before the class (Ss cannot use notes or books).
Step II. Grouping words ( 25’)
T shows some nouns, Ss are asked to group the words in at least 3 different ways.
air, people, meat, apple, dream, Summer Palace, rice, sorrow, water, student, China, time, family, Zhou Enlai, Shanghai, the People ’s Hospital, desk, electricity, music
T shows Ss the way of grouping the given words.
普通名词（common nouns ） 专有名词（proper nouns ）
个体名词（individual nouns ） 集体名词（collective nouns ）
物质名词（material nouns ） 抽象名词 （Abstract nouns ）
T shows a tip of grammar to Ss
有些名词在一种场合下属于这一类，在另一种场合下又属于那一类。例如有些物质名词也可用作个体名词，意思上有一定变化：g lass 玻璃－a glass 玻璃杯 iron 铁－an iron 熨斗 copper 铜－a copper 铜币 tin 锡－a tin
洋铁罐 paper 纸－a paper 报纸，证件 wood 木头－a wood 树林
又如一些抽象名词，当意思转变而表示某类个体时，就成了个体名词： youth 青春－a youth 青年人 relation 关系－a relation 亲属 democracy 民主－a democracy 民主国家 authority 权威－an authority 权威人士 power 威力，电力－a power 大国 necessity 必要性－a necessity 必需品 beauty 美－a beauty 每人，美的东西
Step III. Plural forms of Countable nouns ( 20’)
可数名词
student, desk,
apple
Summer Palace China, Zhou Enlai, Shanghai, the People ’s Hospital,
sorrow, music time electricity dream family, people air meat rice water air, people, meat, apple, dream, rice, sorrow, water, student, time, family, desk, electricity, music
不可数名词
A. T shows some words for Ss to get the plural forms of them.
0range--orange s class--class es text--text s monkey —monkey s piano-piano s Child-child ren shelf-shel ves bed-bed s country-countr ies toy-toy s foot-f ee t Japanese-Japanese radio-radio s photo-photo s army-arm ies tomato-tomato es fox-fox es woman-wom e n knife-kni ves sheep-sheep buffalo-buffalo es
hero-hero es woman teacher-wom e n teacher s mouse-m i ce deer-deer fish-fish/fishes B. T leads Ss to summarize the rules to change single form to plural form
小结：可数名词复数的构成方法：
1. 一般在名词后加-s ：
2.以s, x, ch, sh 结尾的名词加- es
3.以辅音字母加 y 结尾的名词加- es
4.以o 结尾的名词，一般直接加-s, 少数词加-es
5.以f,fe 结尾的名词，一般变f, fe 为v 再加-es
6.特殊变化的单词要熟记
复合词的复数：改中心词为复数 girl students 例外：woman teacher----women teachers man teacher -----men teachers
看似复数实际是单数的名词：
news politics maths physics thermos
例如：1.No news is good news. (be) 2. I think maths is very important.
Step IV . Usage of countable and uncountable nouns T asks Ss to do some sentences P 137. 【结论】
a. 可数名词可直接和不定冠词 a / an 或数词连用来表示具体的数量；而不可数名词不能用不定
冠词a, an 或数词来修饰。但却可以被量词（a glass of coffee/water/juice ），some ，any ，much 等词修饰。
b. some 意为“一些”, 可以修饰可数名词,也可以修饰不可数名词。
c. 表示“许多”时, many 只能修饰可数名词复数, much 只能修饰不可数名词。
d.（注意）不可数名词充当句子的主语时，谓语动词要用单数形式。
Chicken _is___ (be) very delicious. Fish_is___ (be) tasty.
既可作可数又可作不可数的名词： chicken 小鸡 / 鸡肉 room 房间 / 空间；位置 work 作品/ 工作 paper 论文; 报纸/ 纸 glass 玻璃杯 / 玻璃 time 次；倍 / 时间 wood 树林 / 木头 fish 鱼 / 鱼肉 exercise 练习 / 运动；锻炼 light 灯 / 光 fruit (各种)水果 / 水果 需要记忆的特殊复数形式 man —men woman----women （例外：German---Germans ） tooth----teeth foot---feet mouse----mice child----children deer---deer sheep---sheep Chinese —Chinese Japanese —Japanese
These apples__are__ mine. Those books _are___ good.
many
a few ＋可数名词much
a number of a little ＋不可数名词
some / a lot of＋可数／不可数名词
可数名词不能与数词连用，若要表示相应的数量，则需要借助一定的单位词
1.借助表示“张”、“块”的单位词
a piece of paper 一张纸 a piece of advice 一条建议
a piece of news 一条新闻 a piece of chalk 一支粉笔
2.借助表示容量的词
a bottle of ink 一瓶墨水 a cup of tea 一杯茶
a bowl of rice 一碗米饭 a glass of beer 一杯啤酒
3.借助表示重量的词
a kilo of salt 一公斤盐ten tons of coal 十吨煤
4.借助表示形状的词
a drop of water 一滴水 a grain of sand 一粒沙
Step IV. Teaching practice (20’ )
T invites 2 students to teach the two tips in 15minutes.
T makes some comments on students’ work.
Assignments:
1、专有名词的用法有哪些？名词所有格形式有哪些？怎么用？名词的句法作用有哪些？
2、教学模拟：名词所有格形式
教学后记：
综合英语课程单元教学设计——项目一：名词
授课内容：模块二：
专有名词的用法，名词所有格形式与用法，名词的句法作用授课班级2012 3G 3、4 授课时间2课时授课地点：教室
教学目标
能力（技能）目标知识目标素质（情感）目标
1、能准确使用专有名
词。
2、能熟练使用名词所有
格形式。
3、能准确地分辨句子中
的名词的作用，并能熟
练使用名词。
1、掌握名专有名词的用
法。
2、掌握名词所有格形式
的构成及用法。
3、掌握名词的句法作
用。
培养学生自主学习能力、归纳
总结能力。
培养学生学以致用的的能力。
教学重点与难点熟练使用专有名词。
熟练使用名词所有格形式。准确运用名词成句。
教学方法小组讨论法任务驱动法情境模拟法讲授练习法引导启发法
能力训练任务1、在小组内讨论自主学习名词所用格及名词句法作用时遇到的问题。
2、找出句子中的错误并改正，说明其语法根据。
3、语法课堂模拟：教授“英语名词所有格形式的构成及用法”。
4、将给出的单词连接成句。
教学参考资料1、《剑桥中级英语语法》
2、《实用英语语法》
3、《新思维情景英语语法》
教学设计：
Step I. Lead-in ( 5’)
Work in groups to share what you’ve done on the assignments.
Step II. Corrections ( 25’)
T hands out worksheet 1 and ask Ss to find the mistakes and correct individually. (10’) Ss are asked to share their answers in groups. (5’)
T gets a feedback and leads Ss to get the correct sentences, and then explain on the usage of Proper Nouns and ‘s /of + noun. (10’)
Step III. Teaching presentation (30’)
T invites 2 students to teach grammar point of the usage of Nouns in 15 minutes.
T makes some comments on students’ work.
Step IV. Making sentences ( 25’)
T hands out worksheet 2 and ask Ss to make sentences with the given words. (10’)
Ss are asked to share their answers in groups. (5’)
T gets a feedback and leads Ss to get the correct sentences, and then explain on the grammatical usage of Nouns. (10’)
Assignments:
1、冠词有哪几种？怎么用？
2、教学模拟：冠词的用法
教学后记：
教学资料：
Task 1: Find the mistakes and correct.
Task 1: Find the mistakes and correct.
1. Today is september 10th
, it ’s Teacher ’s day.
2. --How far is your school from here? --Not very far. It ’s about twenty minute walk.
3. This is Ann ’s and Jane ’s bedroom, the twin sisters like it very much.
4. She was born in Wu Han, but Wen Zhou has become her second home.
5. March 8th is woman ’s day.
6. Maths are hard to learn for the boy.
1. Today is september 10th , it ’s Teacher ’s day.
2. --How far is your school from here? --Not very far. It ’s about twenty minute walk.
3. This is Ann ’s and Jane ’s bedroom, the twin sisters like it very much.
4. She was born in Wu Han, but Wen Zhou has become her second home.
5. March 8th is woman ’s day.
6. Maths are hard to learn for the boy.
7. The Browns is going to visit China. 8. Man ’s and child ’s shoes are sold in the new store.
9. Miss Smith is a friend of Mary ’s mother ’s.
10. Mike and John father is a teacher. 11. Beijing is the capital ’s of China. 12. These are Tom and Lily ’s bags. 13. She is the two boy ’s mother. 14. He is a friend of my brother.
7. The Browns is going to visit China. 8. Man ’s and child ’s shoes are sold in the new store.
9. Miss Smith is a friend of Mary ’s mother ’s. 10. Mike and John father is a teacher. 11. Beijing is the capital ’s of China. 12. These are Tom and Lily ’s bags. 13. She is the two boy ’s mother. 14. He is a friend of my brother.
Task 2: Make a sentence with the given words.
Task 2: Make a sentence with the given words.
1.gets up/at/daming/7 o’clock/usually 2,on Monday/want to school/l 3.played/football/with/after school/my friends 4.had English class/at school/l/yesterday. 5.bought/k/on/ Saturday/some/books 6.When/hungry/l/ate/was/l/some bread 7.did/you/Where/go/? 8. go out/didn’t/l.
9. stayed/home/l/at. 10.do/did/What/you/? 11.they/come/When/did/?
12.won/high jump/in the/She/. 13.the/they/for/Did/competition/mrsic/c ome/? 14.watermelon/his/Sam/put/on/bike/the/
15.biscuits/eat/How many/you/did/?
1.gets up/at/daming/7 o’clock/usually 2,on Monday/want to school/l 3.played/football/with/after school/my friends 4.had English class/at school/l/yesterday. 5.bought/k/on/ Saturday/some/books 6.When/hungry/l/ate/was/l/some bread 7.did/you/Where/go/? 8. go out/didn’t/l. 9. stayed/home/l/at.
10.do/did/What/you/? 11.they/come/When/did/? 12.won/high jump/in the/She/.
13.the/they/for/Did/competition/mrsic/c
ome/? 14.watermelon/his/Sam/put/on/bike/the/ 15.biscuits/eat/How many/you/did/?
Correct answers of Task 1: 1. T oday is September 10th, it’s Teachers’ Day.
2. --How far is your school from here?
--Not very far. It’s about twenty minutes’ walk.
3. This is Ann and Jane’s bedroom, the twin sisters like it very much.
4. She was born in Wuhan, but Wenzhou has become her second home.
5. March 8th is Women’s Day.
6. Maths is hard to learn for the boy.
7. The Browns are going to visit China.
8. Men’s and children’s shoes are sold in the new store.
9. Miss Smith is a friend of Mary’s mother’s.
10. Mike and John’s father is a teacher.
11. Beijing is the capital of China.
12. These are Tom’s and Lily’s bags.
13. She is the two boys’ mother.
14. He is a friend of my brother’s.
Correct answers of Task 2:1.Daming usually get s up at 7 o’clock.
2．I want to school on Monday. 3.I played football with my friends after school.
4.I had an English class at school yesterday.
5.I bought some books on Saturday.
6.When I was hungry I ate some bread.
7. Where did you go ?
8.I didn't go out. 9.I stayed at home. 10. What did you do?
11.When did they come ? 12.She won in the high jump .
13.Did they come for the music competition?
14.Sam put the watermelon on his bike. 15.How many biscuits did you eat ?
知识点：
1、专有名词用法：指表示人、地方、机构、组织等的专有名称。具体说来，它包括人名、地名、月份、星期、节日、书名、电影名以及某些抽象名词等。如：Jim 吉姆China 中国Mr. Smith 史密斯先生
July 七月Friday 星期五the Yellow River 黄河
Christmas 圣诞节English 英语 A Tale of Two Cities 《双城记》注：专有名词的首字母通常要大写。若是专名名词词组，则其中每个单词的首字母要大写；若是缩略词，则通常每个字母都大写；称呼家人的mum, dad, father, mother 等有时也可小写。
2、名词格的种类与用法：英语名词有三个格，即主格、宾格和所有格。名词的主格和宾格形式相同，所以它们又统称作通格。当名词用作主语、宾语、表语时，用通格。英语名词的所有格表示所属关系，它分-’s 所有格和of 所有格两种形式。
1）–’s所有格的构成方法及用法：单数名词或不带复数词尾-s的复数名词尾均加词加-s 构成所有格，但若复数名词已带有词尾-s，则只加省字撇(’)构成所有格。如：We found the man’s wallet in a women’s room. 我们在女厕所找到了这个人的钱包。
The test is beyond the students’abilities. 这测试超过了学生的能力。
注：(1) 对于带词尾-s的单数名词，通常仍加-’s，而对于带词尾-s的人名，可加-’s 或只加省字撇(’)：I’m glad at the boss’s promise to increase the workers’pay. 我很高兴老板答应提高工人们的工资。
(2) 如果两个名词并列，并且分别带有-’s，则表示“分别有”；若只带一个–’s，则表示“两者共有”。如：
This is Tom and Jim’s room, and these are Jack’s and Mary’s rooms. 这间汤姆和吉姆的房间(两人共用)，这两间是杰克和玛丽(各自)的房间。
-’s 所有格主要用于有生命的东西，但有时也可用于无生命的东西，如用于表时间的名词后、用于表国家、城市的名词后、用于组织机构后、用于某些集合名词、用于度量衡及价值名词后等。如：
What are today’s assignments? 今天的作业是什么?
She’s had several months’experience. 她已有了几个月的经验。
Hainan is China’s second largest island. 海南是中国第二大岛。
Let’s wait in the station’s waiting-room. 我们车站候车室等吧。
注：名词所有格并不一定表示所有关系，有时可能表示其他意义，如表示类别、动作执行者或承受者等。如：
This is a children’s hospital. 这是一家儿童医院。（表类别）
We were all waiting for the famous popular singer’s arrival. 我们都在等那位著名流行歌曲歌手的到来。（表动作执行者）
They had no money to pay for their son’s education. 他们没有钱支付儿子的教育费用。（表动作承受者）
2）of 所有格的构成与用法：由of加名词构成，其用法归纳如下：
(1)．of所有格一般用于无生命的东西的名词中。例如：
a map of the world, the story of a hero
(2)．用于名词化的词。例如：the sticks of the blind 盲人的拐杖
(3)．修饰词较多时也可用of所有格。例如：
the very long and graceful tail of the black cat 黑猫的又长又美的尾巴(4)．表示有生命的东西的名词，有时也可以用of所有格。例如：
某些of所有格和's所有格可以互换。
the son of a poor peasant＝a poor peasant's son 一个贫农的儿子
但有时含义却不相同，请比较下面的例子：
an old woman's story（一个老妇人讲自己的身世）
(5)不定冠词、数词、某些不定代词（some，any，many，no，few等）以及which等限定词，一般不与形容词性物主代词或's所有格等一起放在名词前修饰名词，而采用of所有格或双重所有格形式。例如：
most of the students 学生中的大多数three of them 他们中的三个人
I have read some books of his．我读过他的一些书。
3、名词的句法作用
名词在句子中可用作主语、表语、宾语补足语、定语、同位语、呼语等，其中最需引起注意的是名词作定语，因为它不仅容易用错，而且也是英语高考的一个重要考点。关于此问题同学们应注意以下几点。如：
1）. 通常用单数：即在通常情况，名词作定语要用单数形式。如：chemistry lesson 化学课flower garden花园
school gate 校门room number房间号码
welcome party欢迎会letter box信箱
book report读书报告shoe store鞋店
paper flower纸花
注：“数词+名词”作定语时，其中的名词要用单数形式。如：
a five-year plan五年计划an 18-year-old girl 18岁的女孩
2）. 用复数作定语的情形：在某些特殊情况下也可用复数名词作定语，这主要见于某些用作定语的名词只有复数形式没有单数形式，或虽有单数形式但用于特定含义时习惯上要用复数形式。如：
goods train 货车arms depot军火库customs papers 海关文件clothes brush 衣刷
an arts degree文科学位savings bank储蓄银行
另外，在某些特定表达中，用作定语的名词也通常用复数。如：
careers guide 就业指导（比较：career woman 职业女性）
examinations board考试委员会（比较：examination paper 试卷）
the foreign languages department 外语系（比较：language lab 语言实验室）例句：
This book is very useful. 这本书很有用。
Mary is to meet you at the airport. 玛丽将在机场接你。
My brother is a worker. 我弟弟是个工人
She is a writer. 她是个作家。
He finished his task on time. 他按时完成了他的任务。
We made Tom our monitor. 我们选汤姆为我们的班长。
He got three gold medals at 23rd Olympic Games. 他在第二十三届奥运会上取得了三块金牌。
The meeting lasted two hours. 会议持续了两个小时。
Wait a moment. 等一会儿。
He was late for class this morning. 今天早晨他上课迟到了。
Mr. Smith, our leader, is speaking now. 史密斯先生，我们的领导，正在讲话。We students should study hard. 我们学生应该努力学习。
Come here, Mary. 玛丽，到这儿来。
Good morning, ladies and gentlemen. 女士们，先生们，早上好。
课题语法5课型新授具体内容介词第课时2课时 教学目标1、掌握表示时间、地点等介词的用法与区别 2、能通过自己归纳总结与介词有关的法语规则 3、能灵活按照语法规则正确使用代词 教学重点掌握表示时间、地点等介词的用法等相关知识，并能灵活使用教学难点各用法相似的介词之间的区别 教学方法引导探究法 教具准备PPT 教学过程一、导入 1．介词大家都见过，随便说出几个介词（for, about, on, in, at…） 2. 那大家知道介词都有哪些用法？比如，有些介词放在表示时间的词前面，(at nine o’clock, on Monday)有的介词放在表示地点的词前面，(on the floor, in the wall)，那么今天具体来看一下介词的使用。 二、表示时间的介词 1、in; on; at 1)指长于或短于一天的时段用in，如in the afternoon， in February， in Summer， in 1999等 2) 指某天用on，如on Monday， on the end of November，指某天的早晚用on，如on Friday morning， on the afternoon of September lst 等。 3）表示时间点用at，如at four o’clock， at midnight等；表示不确定的时间或短期假日也用at，如at that time， at Christmas等。 口诀：in年in月；on 日子；at放在时刻前。 2、since; from; for 1) since指从某是一直延续至今，后接时间点，主句用完成时。 He has live here since 1993. 2) from说明开始的时间，谓语可用过去、现在、将来的某种时态。 From now on, I will learn English in the mornings.
初中英语语法课教案设计 初中英语语法课教案设计 一、牛津版初中英语教材与人教版教材语法内容的异同 牛津版初中英语教材在内容上更加贴近现实生活，在语法知识上也有所改变，增加了间接引语这一知识点。这就要求老师要对教材 的语法知识进行深入地分析和研究，准确把握语法重点和难点，找 到最合适学生学习的方法，提升学生的英语语法学习兴趣，使学生 扎实掌握英语语法。 二、牛津版初中英语教材与人教版教材语法的具体差异 （一）牛津版教材更强调现在时语法 牛津版初中英语教材的“现在进行时”与“一般现在时”出现的先后顺序有所调整，而且没有“过去将来时”这一语法点。这一顺 序的调整不会对学生的学习产生较大影响，“过去将来时”可以在 学生学习“过去完成时”时提出。“现在进行时”与“一般现在时”主要是让学生掌握区分助动词形式：do/does/is/are；区分动词形式：read/reads/reading。 （二）牛津版教材被动语态出现较早 被动语态出现的时间比较早，学生比较难以理解，例如学生对“Englishisspokenbylotsofpeopleintheworld.”这句话的理解就 容易产生困难。因此教师在教学时就要使学生回顾过去学过的几种 基本时态，通过基本时态反过来理解被动语态，这样就可以起到融 汇贯通的作用。 （三）牛津版教材新增间接引语语法 间接引语是牛津版英语教材中新增的内容，学生之前从来没有接触过，学生在学习时就会产生障碍，不容易理解。
“HeaskedmeifIhadanypaper.”这句话是如何体现间接引语的语法 特征的以及如何将直接引语转化为间接引语学生都是第一次接触， 教师在设计教案时要抓住宾语从句作为间接引语的教学重点。从宾 语从句入手，讲解间接引语的语法特点和直接引语转化为间接引语 的方法，深入浅出，这样就会使学生更容易理解间接引语的语法特点，及时掌握间接引语的转换方式，提升学生英语语法的基础水平。 三、语法课教案设计措施 教案是教师开展教学的重要手段，教案好坏直接关系到教学质量。合格的教案能最大程度地体现教师的教学水平，能够激发学生的学 习兴趣，使学生在短时间内有效地接受新知识。 （一）教案要有针对性 教师在设计教案时要有针对性。一是要针对学生的`学习特点和 身心发展的特点，掌握学生之间学习水平的差异，这样就可以合理 安排教学环节和教学进程。教师在设计教案时，要制定有层次性的 学习目标，设置不同难度的问题，根据学生的学习特点设置提问环节，使学生都能够在课堂上有所收获，能够体会到学习过程中的成 就感，激发学生的学习兴趣，提升语法教学质量。二是要针对教学 内容准确把握各类语法的重难点，将重点知识传授给学生，如在讲 间接引语时要着重讲解宾语从句的语法特点。这样就可以事半功倍，使学生更有针对性地开展学习活动，有助于提升学生的英语成绩。 （二）教案要有创新性 教师在设计教案时，要充分调动自身的能力，对教材内容进行深入剖析，对学生心理进行深入解读。初中阶段，学生的好奇心、好 胜心较强，教师在设计教案时要充分尊重学生的这些特点。不断创 新教学形式，开展合作学习和探究式学习，引导学生进入到教师创 设的教学情境中，激发学生的想象力和创造力，充分调动学生的积 极性。在教案中最好设计小组竞技教学活动内容，打破传统灌输式 教育模式，提升学生的学习兴趣，保证良好的教学效果。 教案中还要注意提问的技巧，提问要注重知识点的迁移，促使学生能够积极思考。例如在提问被动语态的特点时，学生可能不太了
一、基础练习 1、There are only twelve ______in the hospital.． A. woman doctors B.women doctors C.women doctor D.woman doctor 2、Mr Smith has two _______, both of whom are teachers in a school.． A.brothers-in-law B.brother-in-laws C.brothers-in-laws D.brothers-in law 3、——How many ______ does a cow have——Four. A.stomaches B.stomach C.stomachs D.stomachies 4、Some______visited our school last Wednesday.． A.German B.Germen C.Germans D.Germens 5、The_______ of the building are covered with lots of . A.roofs; leaves B.rooves; leafs C.roof; leaf D.roofs; leafs 6、When the farmer returned home he found three_______ missing.． A.sheeps B.sheepes C.sheep D.sheepies 7、That was a fifty_______ engine.． A.horse power B.horses power C.horse powers D.horses powers 8、My father often gives me ______ A.many advice B.much advice C.a lot of advices D.a few advice 9、Mary broke a ______while she was washing up. A.tea cup B.a cup of tea C.tea’s cup D.cup teas 10、Can you give us some ______ about the writer?． https://www.doczj.com/doc/0316734425.html,rmations https://www.doczj.com/doc/0316734425.html,rmation C.piece of informations D.pieces information 11、I had a cup of _____and two pieces of_____ this morning. A.teas; bread B.teas; breads C.tea; breads D.tea; bread 12、As is known to us all, ______ travels much faster than ______. A.lights; sounds B.light; sound C.sound; light D.sounds; lights 13、She told him of all her ___ and ____ A.hope; fear B.hopes; fear C.hopes; fears D.hope; fears 14、The rising _____have(has) a lot of ____to the crops. A.water; harm B.water; harms C.waters; harm D.waters; harms 15、How far away is it from here to your school?”----About ______ . A.half an hour”s driv e B.half hours drives C.half an hour drives D.half an hour drive 16、The shirt isn”t mine. It”s _____ . A.Mrs Smith B.Mrs” Smith C.Mrs Smiths’ D.Mrs Smith”s 17、Miss Johnson is a friend of _______. A.Mary’s mother B.Mary’s mothers’ C.Mary mother’s D.Mary’s mother’s 18、Last week I called at my _____Last week I called at my _____. A.aunt B.aunts C.aunt’s D.auntes’ 19、The beach is a ______throw. A.stone B.stones C.stones’ D.stone’s 20、I can hardly imagine ____sailing across the Atlantic Ocean in five days.
初中英语语法大全 名词 （一）概述 名词就是表示人、地方、事物或抽象概念名称的词,可以说名词就是万物之名称。它们可以就是: 人的名字Li Ming, Tom 地方名称China, London 职业称呼teacher, doctor 物品名称pencil, dictionary 行为名称study, invention 抽象概念history, grammar (二)普通名词与专有名词 1.普通名词 凡不属于特定的人名、地名、事物名称或概念名称的名词,都属于普通名词。这类名词在所有的名词中占绝大多数。普通名词大致有以下四种类型: 1)个体名词 个体名词指作为个体而存在的人或物。可以指具体的人或物,例如: He has two aunts、她有两个姑姑。 Most classrooms have computers、多数教室里都有电脑。 也可指抽象东西,例如: We’ve lived here for twenty years、我们在这里住了二十年了。 I had a dream last night 我昨晚做了一个梦。 个体名词有复数形式,如:weeks, problems;单数形式可以与a/an连用,如:a week, a problem, an old man、 2)集体名词 集体名词表示由个体组成的集体,下面就是一些常见的集体名词: family(家,家庭) army(军队) company(公司;全体船员) enemy(敌人) government(政府) group(小组,团体) public(公众) team(队;组) police(警方) 集体名词有时作单数瞧待,有时作复数瞧待。一般说来,视为整体时作单数瞧待,想到它的成员时作复 有的集体名词通常用作单数,例如: Our company is sending him to work in Berlin、我们公司将派她去柏林工作。 有的集体名词多作复数瞧待。例如: The police are looking for him、警察正在找她。 3)物质名词 物质名词指无法分为个体的东西,我们学过的常见的物质名词有: beer, cloth, coal, coffee, coke, cotton, ice, ink, jam, juice, meat, medicine, metal, milk, oil paper, rain, salad, salt, sand, snow, soup, steel, sugar, tea, water, wine, wood, wool等。 一般说来,物质名词就是不可数折,因而没有复数形式。但有一些特殊情况: a.有些物质名词可用作可数名词,表示“一份”,“一杯”: Tree beers, please、请来三杯啤酒。 A chocolate ice-cream for me、给我一份巧克力冰淇淋。 b.有此物质名词可作可数名词,表示“一种”:
一、基础练习 1、T h e r e a r e o n l y t w e l v e______i n t h e h o s p i t a l.． A. woman doctors B.women doctors C.women doctor D.woman doctor 2、Mr Smith has two _______, both of whom are teachers in a school.． A.brothers-in-law B.brother-in-laws C.brothers-in-laws D.brothers-in law 3、——How many ______ does a cow have——Four. A.stomaches B.stomach C.stomachs D.stomachies 4、Some______visited our school last Wednesday.． A.German B.Germen C.Germans D.Germens 5、The_______ of the building are covered with lots of . A.roofs; leaves B.rooves; leafs C.roof; leaf D.roofs; leafs 6、When the farmer returned home he found three_______ missing.． A.sheeps B.sheepes C.sheep D.sheepies 7、That was a fifty_______ engine.． A.horse power B.horses power C.horse powers D.horses powers 8、My father often gives me ______ A.many advice B.much advice C.a lot of advices D.a few advice 9、Mary broke a ______while she was washing up. A.tea cup B.a cup of tea C.tea’s cup D.cup teas 10、Can you give us some ______ about the writer?． https://www.doczj.com/doc/0316734425.html,rmations https://www.doczj.com/doc/0316734425.html,rmation C.piece of informations D.pieces information 11、I had a cup of _____and two pieces of_____ this morning. A.teas; bread B.teas; breads C.tea; breads D.tea; bread 12、As is known to us all, ______ travels much faster than ______. A.lights; sounds B.light; sound C.sound; light D.sounds; lights 13、She told him of all her ___ and ____ A.hope; fear B.hopes; fear C.hopes; fears D.hope; fears 14、The rising _____have(has) a lot of ____to the crops. A.water; harm B.water; harms C.waters; harm D.waters; harms 15、How far away is it from here to your school?”----About ______ . A.half an hour”s driv e B.half hours drives C.half an hour drives D.half an hour drive 16、The shirt isn”t mine. It”s _____ . A.Mrs Smith B.Mrs” Smith C.Mrs Smiths’ D.Mrs Smith”s 17、Miss Johnson is a friend of _______. A.Mary’s mother B.Mary’s mothers’ C.Mary mother’s D.Mary’s mother’s 18、Last week I called at my _____Last week I called at my _____. A.aunt B.aunts C.aunt’s D.auntes’ 19、The beach is a ______throw. A.stone B.stones C.stones’ D.stone’s 20、I can hardly imagine ____sailing across the Atlantic Ocean in five days.
专题一名词 考点一名词的固定搭配 ①[2016·天津]The dictionary is out of date：many words have been added to the language since it was published. 这本词典过时了：自从它出版以来，这种语言已经增加了许多单词。 ②[2015·江苏]Some schools will have to make adjustments in agreement with the national soccer reform. 这些学校将不得不作出一些调整来和国家足球改革保持一致。 1．动词have，keep，take，make，get，pay，play，give，put等加名词构成的短语 have a good reputation有个好的名声 have an idea of了解 have a sense of有……意识 have a feeling of有……感觉 have access to可以获得 have an advantage over胜过，优于 keep a balance保持平衡 take...into account考虑…… take advantage of利用；趁……之机 make fun of取笑，嘲弄 make the best of充分利用；妥善处理 get/lose contact with与……取得/失去联系 get relief得到缓解 give a solution给出解决方案 put...into practice将……付诸行动 2．介词后加名词构成的短语 in great demand需求量很大 in quantity大量，大批 in progress在进行中
名词（一） 一、名词的概念：在我们身边存在着形形色色的人和事物，它们都有自己的称呼，我们用来称呼它们的词就是名词，概括来说表示人、事物、地方、现象等的名称的词都叫名词。 二、名词的分类： 1．专有名词：它的第一个字母通常大写。 a. 人名、地名、国名等例如：Lucy, Shanghai, China b.组织、团体、机构等例如: the United Nations c.语言、星期、月份等例如：English, Friday, March (注意介词in/on/at的用法) 注意：国家与人的对应 China----- Chinese America---- American(s) Australia---- Australian(s) Canada---- Canadian(s) Japan---- Japanese Germany---- German(s) France----Frenchman(Frenchmen) GB----Englishman(Englishmen) 2．普通名词： （1）不可数名词：不可以直接以数字计算的名词。例如：snow, air, water, rice, paper, work, news(新闻)，food, rain, weather, juice, milk, meat, money ，English, fruit , information … 不可数名词要表示具体数量，必须借助of短语。如不能说one bread，但是可以说one piece of bread和two pieces of bread。 只能用来修饰不可数名词的表示数量的一些词或短语： little很少的（表示否定）；a little一些（表示肯定），much（许多），how much （多少），a bit of（一些） 既能用来修饰可数名词又能用来修饰不可数名词的表示数量的一些词或短语：some(一些，用于肯定句), any（一些，用于否定和疑问句）a lot of (许多), lots of(许多) ★不可数名词量的表示方法：计量词+of 例如：a piece of news a cup of tea a piece of bread two pieces of news two cups of tea two pieces of bread 注意：a bag of apples
宾语从句教学设计 一、导入 1.复习什么是宾语。动词/介词后面的名词就是宾语。 I play basketball. We are talking about our homework.. 2.宾语从句就是在宾语的位置上放一个完整的句子。 3.I love that I can earn some coupons. 板书：He knows me. He knows what’s wrong with his wife. 说出2个句子的宾语。 说出2个句子的宾语是词（词组）还是句子。 第一个句子的宾语是一个词构成的，第二个句子的宾语是一个句子，我们称这种做宾语的句子叫宾语从句。在句子中充当宾语的从句叫宾语从句。其中he knows 叫主句，what’s wrong with him是从句。 说出下面4个句子的主句和从句。 A．He said that he had a very good journey home. B．He asked if /whether they had come. C．He told me that the earth goes around the sun. D．He asked me how he could get to the nearest post office. 总结：。。是主句，剩下的是由that，if，how引导的宾语从句。 初步认识了宾语从句，下面我们开始了解宾语从句的三要素 引导词（连接词） 语序 时态 1)从属连词that引导陈述句宾语从句，在口语或者非正式语中可以被省略 比如上面四句话中的A,C就是that引导的陈述句的宾语从句。如果省略掉that，该如何修改。（让学生口头修改） A．He said that he had a very good journey home. C．He told me that the earth goes around the sun. 2）由从属连词whether, if 引导一般疑问句的宾语从句，表示“是否”，比如上面的B就是由if引导的宾语从
名词 一、名词的分类：名词分为专有名词和普通名词。 1、专有名词：主要指人名，地方,机构或者某类人或者事物的名称。如：China, Li lei，Beijing; Americans; English; May; New Year’s Day 注意：专有名词的第一个字母要大写 2、普通名词：是一类人或东西或是一个抽象概念的名词，如：book，sadness 1）. Individual Nouns: 指作为个体而存在的人或东西 可以指具体的人或物。Eg: aunts; a panda; apartments 也可指抽象东西。Eg: a year; fairy tales; a dream 2.）Collective Nouns: 表示若干个个体组成的集合体 Eg: army; audience; crew; family; team; police; government; public 个体名词和集体名词可以用数目来计算，称为可数名词（Countable Nouns），物质名词和抽象名词一般无法用数目计算，称为不可数名词（Uncountable Nouns）。 常见的不可数名词：advice, baggage, change(零钱), furniture, hair, homework, information, knowledge, luggage, money, news, progress, traffic ，housework, equipment , absence, age, anger, courage, energy, equipment, experience, failure, fear, food, fun, health, ice, industry, kindness, labor, luck, marriage, music, nature, paper, peace, pleasure, power, pride, rain, research, respect, safety, salt, sand, silence, sleep, strength, snow, technology, time, trade, transport, travel, trust, truth, waste, water, wealth, weather, wind, work（工作）最常见的不可数名词 A. Abstract 抽象名词 advice 建议age 年老beauty 美丽capitalism 资本主义communism 共产主义democracy 民主energy 能源fun 乐趣happiness 幸福help 帮助honesty 诚实information 信息justice 正义kindness 善knowledge 知识laughter 笑声liberty 自由life 生命、生物、活力play 玩recreation
一、 名词的分类 普通名词 可数名词 当不可数名词转化为可数名词时，词义常发生变化。 集体名词 专有名词 不可数名词 物质名词 抽象名词 二、 名词的性 1. 在英语中，大多数名词没有性的区别，只有一个共同的形式。部分名词具有性别差异，存在阴性和阳性两种不同的形式。 2. 在具有性别差异的名词中，有些名词在词尾直接加“-ess ”即可构成阴性名词（多数）；有些名词在词尾直接加“-ette ”即可构成阴性名词（少数）；有些名词以“-ter ”或“-tor ”结尾，须将结尾改为“-tress ”以构成阴性名词；有些名词以“-rer ”或“-ror ”结尾，须将结尾改为“-ress ”以构成阴性名词；有些名词以“-der ”结尾，须将结尾改为“-dress ”以构成阴性名词。（①“-ter ”/“-tor ”→“-tress ”；②“-rer ”/“-ror ”→“-ress ”；③“-der ”→“-dress ”。注：少数情况下存在例外） 3. 在现代英语中，对于无性别区分的名词，一般可通过在该词前加 he/she, male/female, man/woman, boy/girl, lord/lady, dog/bitch, bull/cow, jack/jenny, tom/tally, cock/hen, duck/doe, billy/nanny, father/mother, son/daughter 等词来区分性别。（强调尊敬时，可用 lady 表示女性，但只能用单数形式。） 4. 某些外来语中的名词在变为阴性名词时，须接固定的后缀。（Ref.P324<7>） 5. 惯用阳性的名词和惯用阴性的名词： 1) 阳性词：general, lawyer, fellow, lover, soldier, sailor 等 2) 阴性词：nurse, typist, dressmaker, housekeeper 等 3) 拟人化的阳性词：Time, Mountain, Wind, War, the Ocean, Storm, Thunder, Sleep, Winter, Summer, Autumn, Despair, Fear 等（代词用 he ） 4) 拟人化的阴性词：Moon, Spring, Night, Nature, Peace, Hope, Virtue, Truth, the Earth, Liberty, Justice, Fame, Victory, Faith, Humility, Pride, Mercy, Art, Science, Soul 等（代词用 she ） 5) 通常情况下，船、火车、国家、都市均视为阴性名词。 6. man 可以包括 woman ，统指一切人，代词用 he/his 。 三、 名词的数 1. 专有名词的复数形式 1) 有些专有名词变为复数时，仅在词尾加“-s ”即可。 Kansas City → Kansas Citys Mayor Brown → Mayor Browns the two Mr. Smiths, Lord Mayors, Queen Elizabeths （例外：Rockey → Rockies, Sicily → Sicilies ）
第3单元数词 （一）基数词 1、1～100的构成 2、3位数构成，例如234 读作：two hundred and thirty-four 3、hundred, thousand, million表示确切数目不加 如：three hundred people,但表示不确切数字时应加s,如thousands of stars 4、千位以上的数，从个位向左数，每三位加一个“，”，第一个逗号前为thousand,第二个逗号前为million,第三个逗号前为billion,如7,543，812，应为seven million, five hundred and forty-three thousand, eight hundred and twelve.注意在百位数和十位数之间要用and连接。（二）序数词 1、序数词构成注意first, second, third, fifth, ninth, twentieth, twenty-first, etc.的特殊形式。 2、序数词用于句中，它之前需加the,但有时用不定冠词a(an)表示“再一，又一”如 When I sit down, a third man came in. （三）分数 基数词代表分子，序数词代表分母。分子大于1时，分子的序数词用单数，分母序数词用复数。 6 ,5/9 six and five ninths （四）时刻表达法 2∶25，two twenty-five or twenty-3∶40，three forty or twenty to four （五）日期表达法 2002年5月20日 注意：带有数词的名词作定语时，一般用单数形式 a seven-year-- a five-pound note （六）倍数表示法 A. 主语+谓语+倍数（或分数）+ as + adj. + as。 『例』I have three times as many as you. 我有你三倍那么多。 B. 主语+谓语+倍数（分数）+ the size （amount，length…）of…。 『例』The earth is 49 times the size of the moon. 地球是月球的49倍。 C. 主语+谓语+倍数（分数）+ 形容词（副词）比较级+ than…。 『例』The grain output is 8 percent higher this year than that of last year. 今年比去年粮食产量增加8%。
导学案
【词汇串烧】 Fall in Love with English Hiding behind the loose dusty curtain, a teenager pack ed up his overcoat into the suitcase. He planned to leave home at dusk though there was thunder and lightning outdoors. He had got to do this because he was tired of his parents’ nagging about his English study and did not want to go through it any longer. He couldn’t get along well with English and dislike d join ing in English classes because he thought his teacher ignore d him on purpose. As a result, his score in each exam never add ed up to over 60. His partner was concerned about him very much. She understood exactly what he was suffer ing from, but entirely disagree d with his idea. In order to calm him down and settle his problem, she talked with him face to face and swap ped a series of learning tip s with him. The item s she set down helped him find the highway to studying English well. The teenager was grateful and got great power from his friend’s words. Now, he has recover ed from being upset and has fall en in love with English. 爱上英语 有个少年躲在积满灰尘的松散窗帘后把大衣装入手提箱。尽管外面正打雷闪电，他仍计划在黄昏时分离家出走。他不得不这样做是因为厌倦了父母对他英语学习的唠叨，不想再忍受下去了。他的英语学习总是无法取得进展，而且不喜欢参加英语课的学习，因为他以为老师有意忽视他。结果，他每次考试的分数合计从未超过60。 他的搭档很关心他，也确切地理解他遭受的折磨，但却完全不同意他的想法。为了使他冷静下来好好解决问题，她和他面对面地交谈，并交换了一系列的学习心得技巧。她写下来的条款帮助他找到了学好英语的最佳捷径。 这个少年非常很感激，并从朋友的话里获得极大的动力。现在，他已经从沮丧中恢复过来，真正爱上了英语。 【词汇点拨】 survey n.调查；测验
初中英语语法教学教案 教学思路: 本节课我教的是情态动词can和could作“能力”解时的区别。这节课我打算通过复习以前学过的情态动词can的用法，以及通过做游戏，让学生在轻松愉快的氛围中掌握can的用法，以及了解can和could的区别。 一、Teaching Content: Topic:Unit5Can you play the guitar? Grammar：Using “can”/“could”to talk about ability 二、Teaching Aims: https://www.doczj.com/doc/0316734425.html,e can talk about the ability at present. https://www.doczj.com/doc/0316734425.html,e could talk about ability in the past. 三、Teaching Key and D ifficult Points: H ow to use “can”and “could”to express ability in the present and past. 四、Teaching Methods: Task-Based Language Teaching Method 五、Teaching Procedures: Step 1：Warming up Task 1: Revision T: What can you do now? S1: I can sing. S2: I can draw S3: I can dance. T: Can you ride a bike / swim / fly a kite / play football / play chess? Ss:Yes, I can. / No, I can’t. Task 2: Playing a game T: Now let us play a game.Five students come to the front and perform fo r t h e class according to myinstructions.andgestures.Theothers answer my questio ns. T : What can she do? Ss : She can ride a bike /swim/ fly a kite/ play football / play chess . T: Can she swim/ fly a kite/play football /play chess. Ss: Yes ,She can? No, she can’t. T: Say the whole sentences: eg: Acan ride a bike. He can’t/ cannot swim. Step2:Presentation T: Can you ride a bike now? S1:Yes. I can T:Couldyou ride a bike five years ago ? Yes, I could./ No, I couldn’t ( Help him answer) S1:Yes, I could./ No, I couldn’t. T: we can use “could”t talk about the past .e.gI can play computer now .But, last year I couldn’t play.
一、选择题 1．_____________ mother usually cooks for ___________ at the weekend. A．Lily’s and Nick’s; them B．Lily and Nick’s; them C．Lily and Nick’s; their D．Lily and Nick; their 2．— Do you know all the names in your class, Mr King? —No, only part of them. A．student B．students C．student’s D．students’3．—Let’s make a banana milk shake. —How many ________ do we need? A．bananas B．cup of milk C．honey 4．---- _________ is it from Nanjing to Beijing? --- It’s less than three ___________ flight. A．How long, hou r’s B．How far, hour’s C．How long, hours’D．How far, hours’ 5．There is a______ shop and two_______ shops not far away from my school. A．sports; shoe B．sports; shoes C．sport; shoe D．sport; shoes 6．With the ________ of society, our environment is becoming worse and worse. So we should do what we can ________ our environment. A．development; to protect B．developing; to protect C．development; protect D．develop; protect 7．People in western countries will get together to eat turkeys and celebrate harvest（丰收）on ________, just like our Mid-Autumn Day. A．Thanksgiving Day B．Christmas Day C．National Day 8．—What does your mother have for dinner？ — A．Chickens and tomato B．Chicken and tomatoes．C．Chicken and tomato．9．—There are beautiful flowers everywhere to celebrate the National Day, and we have —________ holiday. That means we have seven days ________ for this public holiday. A．a seven-day; off B．a seven-days; away C．seven-day; over D．a seven-days’; off 10．Look! The Chinese national basketball team ________ a face-to-face interview with their fans in the hall. How excited the fans are! A．is having B．are having C．have D．has 11．—It’s convenient(方便的) to travel from Suzhou to Shanghai by car? —Yes. It’s said that_________is enough. A．two hours drive B．two-hours drive C．two hour’s drive D．two hours’ drive