酵母蔗糖酶的提取工艺
摘要
蔗糖酶是一种水解酶, 广泛存在于动物、植物、微生物等各种生物体内。它可以不可逆的催化蔗糖水解为D-葡萄糖和D-果糖，为微生物的生长提供碳源和能源。
采用甲苯自溶法、冻融法、SDS抽提法3种方法从酵母中提取蔗糖酶[1]，冻融法和SDS 抽提法的提取效率远高于传统的甲苯自溶法。其中冻融法的效率最高（纯化倍数比活力与总活力），加之其操作简便，更适合于酵母蔗糖酶大规模的制备提取。
比较了乙醇分级沉淀、硫酸铵分级沉淀对于冻融法得到的粗提物的沉淀效果，结果表明：50%(w/w)乙醇分级沉淀效果较好（比活力与总活力），乙醇分级沉淀所得蔗糖酶经DEAE-Sepharose 离子交换层析纯化后，制得高纯度的酵母蔗糖酶（比活力与总活力）。纯化倍数为16.14倍，比活性为947.805U/mg，回收率为51.6%。
蔗糖酶的酶促动力学性质表明，蔗糖酶的最适PH值为4.5，最适温度为50℃，酶的特征米氏常数Km值为13.8mmol/L，最大反应速度Vmax为5.98ug/min。
关键词：酵母；蔗糖酶；提取；纯化
Study on Purification of Invertase from Yeast
Abstract
Sucrase is widespread in prokaryotes and eukaryotes .Sucrase catalyzes the irreversible hydrolysis of sucrose into glucose and fructose.the mainfroms of carbon and energy supplies in microorganism growth and development.
This paper used three methods to extract invertase from yeast,which included in this manuscript, three different extraction method breaking cells by adding methylbenzene,frost grinding,and adding SDS for extracting invertase from yeast were investigated.Then the purified invertase was obtained by precipitatation with 50% ethyl alcohol、sequential ammonium sulpate precipitation and DEAE-Sepharose lon-exchange chromatography.The purified sucrase was characterized by SDS-PAGE.The results showed all three methods had both advantages and disadvantages.The invertase extracted by adding SDS and frost grinding had much more total activity than that of extracted by adding methylbenzene.A highest total invertase activity was found in the forst grinding,and it was a convent and economical method for commercial production of invertase from yeast.
The results of our study were followed:
1、Purification of invertase from yeast
The specific activity was 947.805U/mg,purification fold was 32.28.The activity recovery of sucrase was 51.6%.
2、Properties of sucrase
The kinetic characters of the enzyme have been studied.The optimum PH and optimum temperature for the enzyme are PH4.5 and 50℃.Km is 21mmol/Land Vmax is 6.57ug/min.
Key words : yeast;invertase;extraction;purification
第一部分文献综述
蔗糖酶（Sucrase,EC 3.2.1.26）又称转化酶（Invertase），是将蔗糖水解成D-葡萄糖和D-果糖的ß-D-果糖苷酶的一种。除广泛分布于微生物、植物外，类似的活性也在动物的消化液中发现。
传统的酵母蔗糖酶的提取方法是甲苯自溶法，尽管此方法所用试剂简单、价格低廉，但由于其消耗时间长、重复性差、酶活性较低等缺陷，现已很少采用。
目前也有采用乙醇沉淀法和硫酸铵分级沉淀法制得的蔗糖酶，再用柱层析的方法提纯，由于柱层析工艺复杂，处于实验室探索研究阶段。
经查新，已见采用冻融法和SDS抽提法的文献报道。文献说明，相对于甲苯自溶法，这两种方法提取的酶的活性要高出很多。SDS抽提法对酵母蔗糖酶的提取效率比较高，是冻融法的2倍，但其中总蛋白量提取也较高，是冻融法的3倍，因此如果采用SDS法，对酵母蔗糖酶的纯化需要去除较多的杂蛋白
本实验结合传统方法和新兴方法，寻找从经济和效率上最优的酵母蔗糖酶的提取工艺
3.3
图3
3.3.2
