核电专业英语试题库
Lesson 1 The basic Concepts for Nuclear Physics 1. A nucleon is composed of protons and neutrons, and constitutes practically all the mass of the atom. （）key:×
type: judgment question
2. In the nuclear reactions mass and energy is interchanged. ( )
key:√
type: judgment question
3.Capturing gamma radiation is a result of fission. ( ) key:×
type: judgment question
4.The binding force acts only when the nucleons are ( )
A. large
B. close to each other
C. similar
D. excited key: B
type: single-choice question
5.Atoms having the same atomic number Z,but different numbers of neutrons N are called ( ) of the element.
A. nuclei
B. isotopes
C. units
D. masses
key: B
type: single-choice question
6. The excited nuclei become de-excited by emission of ( )
A.γ-rays or particles
B.X-rays
C. energy
D. deuterons key: A
type: single-choice question
7.The protons and neutrons are called ( )
A. nuclei
B. isotopes
C. nucleons
D. atoms
key: C
type: single-choice question
8.Fission in uranium-238 can be caused by neutrons of ( )
A. is easy
B. can be caused by neutrons of 0.1Mev
C. can be caused by neutrons of 1.5Mev
D. never realize
key: C
type: single-choice question
9.( ) are emitted during fission and the possibility of a chain
reaction is realized.
A. Elements
B. Fragments
C. γ
-rays D. Neutrons
key: D
type: single-choice question
10.Which are the fissile nuclei among the following isotopes? ( )
A. 233U
B. 235U
C. 239Pu
D. 238U
key: A,B,C
type: multiple-choice question
Lesson 2 Radiation
11. The γ-rays has many charges. （）
key:×
type: judgment question
12.Low energy neutrons usually interact with nucleus more difficult than high energy neutrons. ( )
key:×
type: judgment question
13.In the photoelectric effect, the photon is ( ).
A. produced
B. found
C. eliminated
D. increased
key: C
type: single-choice question
14.Beta particles presents ( ) shielding problem.
A. no
B. no serious
C. a
D. serious
key: B
type: single-choice question
15.When radioactive isotopes decay the ( ) are formed.
A. protons
B. daughter products
C. radioactive isotopes
D. neutron and electron
key: B
type: single-choice question
16.Alpha particles can ( ) the outer layer of skin of the body.
A. penetrate
B. pass
C. be accelerated
D. be stopped by
key: D
type: single-choice question
17.Beta particles are capable of producing ( ) as they penetrate a substance.
A. large amounts of ionization
B. energy
C. photons
D. particles
key: A
type: single-choice question
18.Alpha particles are ( ) in their motion than electrons.
A. faster
B. slower
C. heavier
D. less readily deflected
key: D
type: single-choice question
19. The interaction between gamma rays with matter includes ( ).
A. photon-electron scattering
B. Slowing by atoms
C. photoelectric effect
D. electron-positron production
key: A,C,D
type: multiple-choice question
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Lesson 3 Nuclear Reactions
20. We let the macroscopic cross section be labeled .（）
key: √
type: judgment question
21.The energy released in nuclear reaction is about a million times as great as for the chemical reaction. ( )
key: √
type: judgment question
22.There are several similarities between nuclear and chemical reactions, such as( )
A. the same energy released
B. conservation of charge
C. conservation of particles’ number involved
D. conservation of mass-energy
key: B,C,D
type: multiple-choice question
Lesson 4 Nuclear Materials
23.Hydrogen and deuterium, being gases, are suitable moderators. （）
key:×
type: judgment question
24.Boron is the most common materials for controlling reactors. ( )
key:√
type: judgment question
25.Beryllium as fuel cladding ( ) in power reactor.
A. is used
B. use
C. has been used
D. hasn’t been used key: D
type: single-choice question
26.Liquid metals are potentially excellent reactor ( )
A. moderator
B. structure material
C. coolant
D. material key: C
type: single-choice question
27.Uranium dioxide can ( ) high burnups.
A. not to be used
B. be used to
C. use to
D. be used with key: B
type: single-choice question
28.During common reactor operation zirconium ( )steam.
A. reacted with
B. cannot react with
C. can react with
D. cannot be reacted
key: B
type: single-choice question
29.Uranium in ( ) form can be used as fuel material for water cooled reactors.
A. pure uranium
B. uranium dioxide
C. uranium hexafluoride
D. uranium carbide
key: A,B,D
type: multiple-choice question
30.The choice of moderator for thermal reactors is mainly limited to the following materials :( )
A. water
B. beryllium
C. heavy water
D. graphite key: A,C,D
type: multiple-choice question
31.对热堆而言，水作为慢化剂显然是一种最显而易见的，同时水还能作为冷却剂。它有优秀的慢化性能，因此用水作慢化剂的热堆，比其它的热堆有更紧凑的堆芯结构。
key: Water is an obvious choice for the moderator of thermal reactor, and it can also serve as the coolant. It has excellent neutron slowing down properties which enable water moderated reactors to have much more compact cores than are possible in other types of thermal reactors.
type: translation
32.不同形式的铀是核反应堆中最常用的一种燃料。它既可以以金属铀形式使用，也可以以铀的化合物，如二氧化铀或碳化铀的形式使用。key: Uranium in one form or another is by far the most common fuel material for nuclear reactor. It can be used either as pure uranium, a metal, or as a compound such as UO2 or UC.
type: translation
Lesson 5 The Theory of Nuclear Reactor 33.Uranium-238 and thorium-232 are good fissile materials. （）
key:×
type: judgement question
34.If the multiplication factor is less than one the reactor is supercritical. ( )
key:×
type: judgement question
35.In the PWR ( ) is necessary to achieve critical.
A. uranium
B. naturally uranium
C. high enriched uranium
D. slightly enriched uranium
key: D
type: single-choice question
36.The fast reactor contain no ( ).
A. uranium
B. moderator
C. coolant
D. thermal neutron
key: B
type: single-choice question
37.If the breeding ratio is much less 1, then ( ) is used up.
A. most of the available uranium
B. no uranium
C. a lot of uranium
D. only a fraction of the available uranium
key: D
type: single-choice question
38.When the first fuel cha rged is unloaded from the reactor it contains ( ) than it had loaded.
A. more plutonium-239
B. more uranium-235
C. more uranium-238
D. less plutonium
key: A
type: single-choice question
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39.Nowadays most of commercial reactor use the slightly enriched uranium with ( ) to ( )
percent of 235U as fuel.
A. 20
B. 5
C. 2
D. 90
key: C / B
type: multiple-choice question
40.It is the purpose of reactor theory to analyze the various processes in a reactor, determine their rates
and calculate for a given composition and size of core the value of the multiplication factor.
Alternatively the calculation may be directed towards finding the critical size or composition of a reactor
for a given value of the multiplication factor.
key: 核反应堆理论的任务就是分析反应堆的各种反应过程，已知反应堆堆芯临界尺寸和组分，计算它的
有效增值系数或反过来，已知有效增值系数，计算反应堆的临界尺寸和组分。
type: translation
Lesson 6 The Nuclear Reactor Concepts
41.In a power reactor the energy production depends on moderator. （）
key:×
type: judgment question
42.The time of the operating fuel cycle is about several years. ( )
key:×
type: judgment question
43.A thin zircaloy tube is filled with ( ).
A. fuel pellets and helium
B. pellets
C. helium
D. uranium
key: A
type: single-choice question
44.The liquid sodium is a good ( ) in the reactor.
A. moderator
B. fertile material
C. coolant
D. blanket key: C
type: single-choice question
45.Uranium is ( ) quantity in sea water.
A. not present any
B. present large
C. present small
D. some
key: C
type: single-choice question
46.The depleted uranium is valuable in ( ).
A. PWR
B. heavy water reactor
C. a breeder blanket
D. tested reactor
key: C
type: single-choice question
47.There are two kinds of fuel recycle ways, those are: ( )
A. 235U-236U
B. 232Th-233U
C. 238U-240Pu
D. 238U-239Pu key: B,D
type: multiple-choice question 48.Uranium as an energy resource will mainly depend on the following factors :( )
A. the extent of uranium resource
B. the way it’s used
C. public acceptant
D. the cost
key: A,B,C
type: multiple-choice question
49.The total of 3.65 million tons of uranium which includes RAR and EAR-1 up to costs of ＄130/kgU are regarded as
the resource which the nuclear industry can be confident will be available for the thermal reactor program of next few decades.
key: 包括RAR和EAR-1在内的总计3.65兆吨、每千克价值130美元的铀被核工业部门认为可供未来几十年
的热堆的发展使用。
type: translation
Lesson 7 Nuclear Reactor Thermohydraulics 50.The maximum permissible temperature of the fuel is one of the most important factors in the design of thermal reactor. （）
key: √
type: judgment question
51.During operation the highest temperature in the reactor is in the center of fuel rod. ( )
key: √
type: judgment question
52.The departure from nucleate boiling is a kind of critical heat flux. ( )
key: √
type: judgment question
53.During nucleate boiling, the small increase in the heated surface temperature makes the heat flux decreases. （）
key:×
type: judgment question
54.To determine the maximum temperature, the calculated temperature drops are multiplied by ( ).
A. fuel temperature
B. hot-channel factors
C. hot pot
D. liquid temperature
key: B
type: single-choice question
55.In a thermal reactor the heat release due to fission ( ) in the fuel.
A. takes place mostly
B. mostly
C. doesn’t take place
D. all takes place
key: A
type: single-choice question
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56.The power of the reactors is limited by the ( ) channel.
A. center
B. out
C. largest
D. hottest
key: D
type: single-choice question
57.The inlet temperature ( ) all channels.
A. is different for
B. is changed to
C. is same for
D. is mixed between
key: C
type: single-choice question
58.The mainly he at transmission modes in nuclear reactor are :( )
A. flashing
B.convectio n 对流
C. radiation
D. conduction 传到
key: B, D
type: multiple-choice question
59.T he assu mption that all the heat released due to fission takes place in the fuel overestimates ( ).
A. fuel temperature
B. coolant temperature
C. cladding temperature
D. above all
key: A, C
type: multiple-choice question
60.The derivation of the equations for the temperatures of the components of a reactor has been based on the assumption that ideal conditions exist in which all the factors which determine the temperatures are known exactly. This is of course seldom the case in a real engineering system, and in a nuclear reactor factors such as the distortion of neutron flux, incorrect distribution of the coolant flow in the channels or slight variations in the dimensions of the fuel or cladding can cause calculated values of the temperatures to be incorrect. key: 反应堆内各部件的温度方程的导出基于这样一种假设：即在理想条件下，所有决定温度的因素都是精确掌握的。当然，在实际的工程系统中，这是不太可能的。在反应堆中，有些因素诸如通量的畸变，冷却剂流量的不合理分布以及燃料和包壳形状的些微变化都会导致温度计算不准确。
type: translation
Lesson 10 Pressurized Water Reactor
61.Criticality over the reactor lifetime is achieved by control rods. （）
key:×
type: judgment question
62.When the CEA is in serted, the reactivity is withdrawn. ( ) key:×
type: judgment question
63.The reactor core in PWR is located below the inlet and outlet nozzles. （）
key: √
type: judgment question
64.Primary system water enters the reactor vessel through the inlet nozzles, then travels downward in ( ).
A. the tube
B. the annular space
C. the vessel
D. the low plenum
key: B
type: single-choice question
65.The MICDS means ( ).
A. Movable In-core Data System
B. Miniature In-core Detectors
C. Movable In-core Detectors
D. More In-core Data System
key: C
type: single-choice question
66.Chemical shim control is employed as ( ) reactivity control.
A. supplementary means of
B. the most important
C. emergency
D. normal
key: A
type: single-choice question
67.The pressurizer is connected by ( ) to the hot leg.
A. a small pipe
B. a valve
C. a surge line
D. a U tube
key: C
type: single-choice question
68.Control of the core power distribution and reactivity is achieved by a combination of :( )
A. control rods
B. chemical shim
C. pressurizer
D. burnable absorber rods
key: A,B,D
type: multiple-choice question
Lesson 11 Reactor Vessel and Internals
69.Within the reactor vessel the core barrel is a support structure. （）
key: √
type: judgment question
70.The fission threshold detectors monitor the neutron flux. ( )
key: ×
type: judgment question
71.Th e fuel assemblies are put on the lower support structure. ( )
key:√
type: judgment question
72.The core support barrel assembly is supported by its lower end. （）
key:×
type: judgment question
73.The reactor vessel is ( ) with a ledge on the inside surface
A. shell section
B. forged ring
C. forged plate
D. hemispherical forging
key: B
type: single-choice question
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74.The space between the core shroud and the core support barrel is filled with ( ).
A. fuel
B. helium
C. neutrons
D. coolant
key: D
type: single-choice question
75.The cl osure head is joined to the reactor vessel by ( ).
A. bolting
B. welding
C. forging
D. joining
key: A
type: single-choice question
76.The reactor vessel is a large ( ), steel made container.
A. safety
B. movable
C. cylindrical
D. long
key: C
type: single-choice question
77.The reactor vessel consists of ( )
A. a vessel flange
B. shell sections
C. a bottom head
D. reactor vessel internal
key: A,B,C
type: multiple-choice question
78.The core support barrel assembly consists of : ( )
A. a vessel flange
B. lower support structure
C. core shroud
D. core support barrel
key: B,C,D
type: multiple-choice question
79.在通常的压水堆中，堆芯采用轻水作慢化剂和冷却剂。堆芯放置在巨大的压力容器中，压力容器的顶盖可拆卸。
key: In the most common type of pressurized water reactor, the light water-moderated and cooled core is contained within a large pressure vessel with a removable head. type: translation
Lesson 12 Reactor Core and Fuel
80.After long time radiation, the boron carbide will decrease in mass. （）
key:×
type: judgment question
81.The fuel assemblies used in a reactor are same. ( ) key:√
type: judgment question
82.The fuel rod provides three barriers to the escape of fission products.
key:×
type: judgment question
83.The heat is transferred by the reactor coolant from the core to the ( ).
A. second loop
B. outlet nozzles
C. steam generators
D. pressurizer
key: C
type: single-choice question 84.The helium inside the fuel cladding improves the ( ).
A. characteristics
B. gap heat conductivity
C. gap heat convection
D. clad strain
key: D
type: single-choice question
85.The fuel spacer grids are made of ( ).
A. stiff arches
B. springs
C. plates
D. zircaloy strips
key: D
type: single-choice question
86.In the fuel rod the spring is set on the ( ).
A. pellet column
B. spacer disc
C. end cap
D. top
key: B
type: single-choice question
87.Each fuel rod consists of UO2 pellets , ( )
A. a helical spring
B. a guide tube
C. a cladding tube
D. upper and lower spacer disc s key: A,C,D
type: multiple-choice question
88.堆芯活性区的所有结构材料，包括控制棒导向管和定位格架，都是锆-4合金，这种材料可以减小对堆芯燃料富集度的要求。
key: All of the structural materials in active core zone, including the CEA guide tubes and spacer grids, are Zircaloy, which minimizes the enriched uranium requirement of the core.
type: translation
89.The fuel assembly lower end fittings contain coolant flow holes. Alignment of the lower end and support of the assembly is provided by the core support structure. Lateral location of upper end of each fuel assembly is provided by the lower ends of the control element shroud tubes which extend downward from the alignment plate which is part of the guide structure above the core. Fuel assembly positioning is accomplished by the control element shroud tube extensions into which the fuel assembly extension is guided.
keys: 燃料组件的下管座上有冷却剂流水孔，燃料组件下端的连接和支撑由堆芯支持结构提供。每个燃料组件上端的横向连接由控制棒导向筒的下端提供，燃料组件沿着控制棒导向筒所指引的方向伸出，这样就使燃料元件得到定位。type: translation
90.Each fuel rod consists of slightly enriched dish-ended UO2 pellets, upper and lower spacer discs, a cladding tube, upper and lower end caps, and a helical spring.
keys: 每个燃料棒由带有碟型凹窝的浓缩二氧化铀芯块、上下各热点片、包壳管、上下端塞和螺旋弹簧组成。
5
type: translation
Lesson 13 The Main Components in PWR Coolant
System
91.There are two steam generators in each primary loop. （）
key:×
type: judgment question
92.The fluid from economizer section is two-phase flow. ( ) key:×
type: judgment question
93.In accordance with the coolant temperature program, the average reactor coolant temperature is ( ) when
steam demand is increased.
A. constant
B. fall
C. raised
D. high
key: C
type: single-choice question
94.In the down comer, the water is ( ).
A. saturated
B. boiling
C. very cold
D. subcooled
key: D
type: single-choice question
95.The flywheel on the motor is to provide ( ).
A. energy
B. water
C. coastdown flow
D. torque
key: C
type: single-choice question
96.The temperature of the water in the seal assembly is maintained within acceptable limits by ( ).
A. wate r
B. oil
C. steam
D. water and oil
key: A
type: single-choice question
97.A low-low pressurizer water level signal deenergizes ( ) before they are uncovered to prevent heater damage.
A. the all heaters connected to on-off controllers
B. some of the heaters connected to on-off controllers
C. the all heaters connected to proportional controllers
D. some of the heaters connected to proportional controllers key: A,C
type: multiple-choice question
Lesson 14 Pressurized Water Reactor Systems and
Containment
98.The sodium hydroxide additive is provided to reduce vapor. （）
key:×
type: judgment question
99.The hot primary fluid exchanges its heat with the secondary fluid in the pressurizer. ( )
key:×
type: judgment question 100.The thermal efficiency of PWRs is ( ).
A. more than 40%
B. about 30%
C. less than 10%
D. about 70%
key: B
type: single-choice question
101. ( ) pressurizer heaters are connected to proportional controllers.
A. A few
B. The remaining
C. Most of the
D. Many
key: D
type: single-choice question
102.The amount of heat that has been converted in steam turbine is ( ) that removed in condenser.
A. more than
B. less than
C. same as
D. similar to
key: B
type: single-choice question
103.The space between the reactor vessel and the core barrel is the ( ).
A. fuel rods
B. control rods
C. down comer
D. plenum
key: C
type: single-choice question
Lesson 15 The Steam Turbine
104.In the reaction stage, steam expansion occurs in nozzles. （）
key:×
type: judgment question
105.The steam engine was applied earlier than that of steam turbine. ( )
key:√
type: judgment question
106.Steam turbine can rotate in ( ).
A. one direction
B. two directions
C. very low speed
D. many directions
key: B
type: single-choice question
107.In the last stage of a turbine the degree of reaction ( ).
A. is a constant
B. is little
C. is even
D. increases from root to tip
key: D
type: single-choice question
108.If tube leaks were present ( ) the accident, some radioactivity accumulated in the shell side would be discharged through the safety valves.
A. prior to
B. after
C. in
D. during
key: A
type: single-choice question
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109.Higher initial steam temperatures reduce the ( ).
A. efficiency of turbine
B. turning speed of the turbine
C. moisture of the finial stages of the turbine
D. turbine stages
key: C
type: single-choice question
110.On leaving the final turbine stage, the steam has to ( ).
A. be condensed
B. work
C. be pumped to boiler
D. be free
key: A
type: single-choice question
Lesson 16 Main Steam, Feed and Condensate Systems 111.The air in the condenser is removed by fan. （）key:×
type: judgment question
112.To allow plant maintenance, valves are provided around feed heaters. ( )
key:×
type: judgment question
113.Auxiliary feed water pump is driven by ( ).
A. electricity
B. main steam
C. turbine
D. motor
key: C
type: single-choice question
114.The pressures of steam generators are ( ) under all operating conditions.
A. different
B. equal
C. maintained
D. changed
key: B
type: single-choice question
Lesson 17 Operation of a Nuclear Power Plant 115.The long-term control of core reactivity means adjustment of boric acid. （）
key: √
type: judgment question
116.An excess of coolant inventory can result in a temperature increase.
key: ×
type: judgment question
117.When large decrease in turbine load the steam from the steam generators is sent to the ( ).
A. steam condenser
B. atmosphere
C. steam dump system
D. heat exchanger
key: C
type: single-choice question
Lesson 19 Nuclear Safety
118.In terms of inherent safety the fast reactors are more hazardous than thermal reactor. ( )
key:√
type: judgment question
119.If a significant amount of reactivity is added to a reactor core it means a(n) ( ).
A. LOCA
B. APS
C. ECCS
D. RIA
key: D
type: single-choice question
120.During the accident the hydrogen come from the ( ).
A. reactor
B. coolant
C. fuel
D. zirconium-steam reaction
key: D
type: single-choice question
121.The term anticipated transient without scram (ATWS) is used in water-cooled reactor systems to refer to event which would follow a ‘routine’ plant failure, a turbine trip or a feedwater pump trip when the reactor trip systems fail to insert the control rods into the core.
keys: 未能紧急停堆的预计瞬变指的是水冷堆中，反应堆停堆系统在汽轮机停转、给水泵停止运行的情况下未能使控制棒插入堆芯这样的一系列电站事故所导致的事故。
type: translation
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《会计专业英语》模拟试题及答案 一、单选题（每题1分，共20分） 1. Which of the following statements about accounting concepts or assumptions are correct? 1）The money measurement assumption is that items in accounts are initially measured at their historical cost. 2）In order to achieve comparability it may sometimes be necessary to override the prudence concept. 3）To facilitate comparisons between different entities it is helpful if accounting policies and changes in them are disclosed. 4）To comply with the law, the legal form of a transaction must always be reflected in financial statements. A 1 and 3 B 1 and 4 C 3 only D 2 and 3 Johnny had receivables of $5 500 at the start of 2010. During the year to 31 Dec 2010 he makes credit sales of $55 000 and receives cash of $46 500 from credit customers. What is the balance on the accounts receivables at 31 Dec 2010? $8 500 Dr $8 500 Cr $14 000 Dr $14 000 Cr Should dividends paid appear on the face of a company’s cash flow statement? Yes No Not sure Either Which of the following inventory valuation methods is likely to lead to the highest figure for closing inventory at a time when prices are dropping? Weighted Average cost First in first out (FIFO) Last in first out (LIFO) Unit cost 5. Which of following items may appear as non-current assets in a company’s the statement of financial position? (1) plant, equipment, and property (2) company car (3) €4000 cash (4) €1000 cheque A. (1), (3) B. (1), (2) C. (2), (3)
核电专业英语试题库 Lesson 1 The basic Concepts for Nuclear Physics 1. A nucleon is composed of protons and neutrons, and constitutes practically all the mass of the atom. （）key:× type: judgment question 2. In the nuclear reactions mass and energy is interchanged. ( ) key:√ type: judgment question 3.Capturing gamma radiation is a result of fission. ( ) key:× type: judgment question 4.The binding force acts only when the nucleons are ( ) A. large B. close to each other C. similar D. excited key: B type: single-choice question 5.Atoms having the same atomic number Z,but different numbers of neutrons N are called ( ) of the element. A. nuclei B. isotopes C. units D. masses key: B type: single-choice question 6. The excited nuclei become de-excited by emission of ( ) A.γ-rays or particles B.X-rays C. energy D. deuterons key: A type: single-choice question 7.The protons and neutrons are called ( ) A. nuclei B. isotopes C. nucleons D. atoms key: C type: single-choice question 8.Fission in uranium-238 can be caused by neutrons of ( ) A. is easy B. can be caused by neutrons of 0.1Mev C. can be caused by neutrons of 1.5Mev D. never realize key: C type: single-choice question 9.( ) are emitted during fission and the possibility of a chain reaction is realized. A. Elements B. Fragments C. γ -rays D. Neutrons key: D type: single-choice question 10.Which are the fissile nuclei among the following isotopes? ( ) A. 233U B. 235U C. 239Pu D. 238U key: A,B,C type: multiple-choice question Lesson 2 Radiation 11. The γ-rays has many charges. （） key:× type: judgment question 12.Low energy neutrons usually interact with nucleus more difficult than high energy neutrons. ( ) key:× type: judgment question 13.In the photoelectric effect, the photon is ( ). A. produced B. found C. eliminated D. increased key: C type: single-choice question 14.Beta particles presents ( ) shielding problem. A. no B. no serious C. a D. serious key: B type: single-choice question 15.When radioactive isotopes decay the ( ) are formed. A. protons B. daughter products C. radioactive isotopes D. neutron and electron key: B type: single-choice question 16.Alpha particles can ( ) the outer layer of skin of the body. A. penetrate B. pass C. be accelerated D. be stopped by key: D type: single-choice question 17.Beta particles are capable of producing ( ) as they penetrate a substance. A. large amounts of ionization B. energy C. photons D. particles key: A type: single-choice question 18.Alpha particles are ( ) in their motion than electrons. A. faster B. slower C. heavier D. less readily deflected key: D type: single-choice question 19. The interaction between gamma rays with matter includes ( ). A. photon-electron scattering B. Slowing by atoms C. photoelectric effect D. electron-positron production key: A,C,D type: multiple-choice question 1
Unit 1 safety management system Accident causation models 事故致因理论 Safety management 安全管理Physical conditions 物质条件 Machine guarding 机械保护装置 House-keeping 工作场所管理 Top management 高层管理人员 Human errors 人因失误Accident-proneness models 事故倾向模型 Munitions factory 军工厂Causal factors 起因Risking taking 冒险行为Corporate culture 企业文化Loss prevention 损失预防Process industry 制造工业Hazard control 危险控制Intensive study 广泛研究Organizational performance 企业绩效 Mutual trust 相互信任Safety officer 安全官员 Safety committee 安全委员会Shop-floor 生产区Unionized company 集团公司Seniority 资历、工龄Local culture 当地文化 Absenteeism rate 缺勤率Power relations 权力关系Status review 状态审查 Lower-level management 低层管理者 Business performance 组织绩
效 Most senior executive 高级主管 Supervisory level 监督层Safety principle 安全规则Wall-board 公告栏Implement plan 执行计划Hazard identification 危险辨识 Safety performance 安全性能 One comprehensive definition for an organizational culture has been presented by Schein who has said the organizational culture is “a pattern of basic assumptions – invented, discovered, or developed by a given group as it learns to cope with its problems of external adaptation and internal integration –that has worked well enough to be considered valid and, therefore, to be taught to new members as the correct way to perceive, think, and feel in relation to those problems” 译文：Schein给出了组织文化的广泛定义，他认为组织文化是由若干基本假设组成的一种模式，这些假设是由某个特定团体在处理外部适应问题与内部整合问题的过程中发明、发现或完善的。由于以这种模式工作的有效性得到了认可，因此将它作为一种正确的方法传授给新成员，让他们以此来认识、思考和解决问题[指适应外部与整合内部的过程中的问题]。 The safety culture of an organization is the product of individual and group values, attitudes, perceptions, competencies, and patterns of behavior that determine the commitment to, and the style and proficiency of , an organization’s health and safety management. 译文：组织的安全文化由以下几项内容组成：个人和群体的价值观、态度、观念、能力和行为方式。这种行为方式决定了个人或团体对组织健康安全管理的责任，以及组织健康安全管理的形式和熟练程度。 Unit 2 System Safety Engineering System safety engineering 系统安全工程By-product 附带产生的结果
广东纺织职业技术学院2010～2011学年第一学期 《专业英语》期中考试参考答案 一、单词翻译（英译汉） titrimetric 滴定的analysis 分析 reagent 试剂titrant 滴定剂 flask 烧瓶oxidation 氧化 precision 精密度standard solution 标准溶液sodium hydroxide 氢氧化钠Equilibrium constant 平衡常数equilibrium. 平衡manifest 出现，表明equilibrium concentration 平衡浓度frictional flow 有摩擦的流动ionization constant 电离常数correct for 做……的修正molarity 物质的量浓度compressed gas 压缩气体neutralization 中和device 装置，设备plus 正的，加的elevation 海拔，地理高度neutral 中性的positive-displacement 正位移 meter 米，公尺，计， 表，仪表 reciprocating 往复的，来回的sodium hydroxide 氢氧化钠piston 活塞 external 外部的(常与to 搭配) centrifugal pump 离心泵，离心抽 机 in the absence of 缺乏……时， 当……不在时 rotational 转动的，轮流的 at the expense of 归……付费，在 损害……的情况 下 rotational velocity 旋转速度 compensation 补偿，赔偿stream 溪，川，流，一 股，一串，河流 specific 特定的upstream station 上游截面 streamline .流线downstream station 下游截面 二、单词翻译（汉译英） normal to surface 垂直于传热面discharge 滤饼卸料 correspondence 符合，一致ceramic 陶器的 momentum 动量，动力，要素filtrate 滤液 momentum transfer 动量传递opening 孔 random motion 随机运动，无规则 运动 colloidal particle 胶体微粒 diffused 扩散的configuration 构造，配置 adjacent .邻近的，接近的fluctuation . 波动，起伏 vibrating 振动的，振荡的atm(atmosphere) 大气压(1atm＝ 101. 3 kPa) bulk temperature (远离表面的)流vane (风车、螺旋桨等
安全工程专业英语 Unit1 1. Because of the very rapid changes in these jobs and professions, it is hard for students to learn about future job opportunities. It is even more difficult to know about the type of preparation that is needed for a particular profession-or the qualities and traits that might help individuals succeed in it. 由于这些工作和职业的飞速变更，其变化之快使得学生们很难了解未来有什么样的工作机会，更不知道为未来的具体职业生涯做出怎样的准备，也就是说学生们很难知道掌握何种知识、具备何种能力才能成功适应未来的社会。 2. The purpose of this article is to provide in depth information about the safety profession that should help students considering a career in this challenging and rewarding field. 这篇文章将提供较为深入的安全专业方面的具体信息，它应该能够为安全专业的学生们在这个充满挑战也蕴含着发展机遇的职业中获得良好的发展而提供帮助。 3. While these efforts became more sophisticated and widespread during the twentieth century, real progress on a wide front did not occur in the U.S. until after Word War Ⅱ. 尽管这些专业手段在20世纪已经发展的较为成熟，也具有一定的广泛适应性，但在美国，这些都是第二次世界大战以后才取得的突破性进展。 4. This legislation was important because it stressed the control of workplace hazards. This, in turn, defined a clear area of practice for the previously loosely organized safety profession. Other legislation passed during the next twenty years has increased the scope of safety practice into areas of environmental protection, product safety, hazardous materials management and designing safety into vehicles, highways, process plants and buildings. 这部法律很重要，因为它强调工作场所的危险控制，同时这部法律也为以前不成体系的安全业务划定了工作范围。此后20年中通过的一
Unit 1 Safety Management Systems 安全管理体系 1.Accident Causation Models 1.事故致因理论 The most important aim of safety management is to maintain and promote workers' health and safety at work. Understanding why and how accidents and other unwanted events develop is important when preventive activities are planned. Accident theories aim to clarify the accident phenomena，and to explain the mechanisms that lead to accidents. All modem theories are based on accident causation models which try to explain the sequence of events that finally produce the loss. In ancient times, accidents were seen as an act of God and very little could be done to prevent them. In the beginning of the 20th century，it was believed that the poor physical conditions are the root causes of accidents. Safety practitioners concentrated on improving machine guarding, housekeeping and inspections. In most cases an accident is the result of two things ：The human act, and the condition of the physical or social environment. 安全管理系统最重要的目的是维护和促进工人们在工作时的健康和安全。在制定预防性计划时，了解为什么、怎样做和其他意外事故的发展是十分重要的。事故致因理论旨在阐明事故现象，和解释事故的机理。所有现代理论都是基于试图解释事件发生、发展过程和最终引起损失的事故致因理论。在古老的时期，事故被看做是上帝的行为并且几乎没有预防的方法去阻止他们。在20世纪开始的时候，人们开始相信差的物理条件是事故发生的根源。安全从业人员集中注意力在提高机器监护、维护和清理上。在大多数情况下，一件事故的发生主要有两个原因：人类的行为和物理或者社会环境。 Petersen extended the causation theory from the individual acts and local conditions to the management system. He concluded that unsafe acts, unsafe conditions，and accidents are all symptoms of something wrong in the organizational management system. Furthermore, he stated that it is the top management who is responsible for building up such a system that can effectively control the hazards associated to the organization’s operation. The errors done by a single person can be intentional or unintentional. Rasmussen and Jensen have presented a three-level skill-rule-knowledge model for describing the origins of the different types of human errors. Nowadays，this model is one of the standard methods in the examination of human errors at work. 彼得森根据管理体系中个人的行为结合当地的环境扩充了事故致因理论。他的结论是像不安全行为、不安全情况是一些错误的组织管理系统导致事故的征兆。另外，他指出，高层管理人员负责建立一个能够有效控制危险源有关组织。一个人出现的错误可能是有意的或者是无意的。拉斯姆森和杰森已经提出了三个层次的技能规则知识模型来描述不同种类的人错误的起源。如今，这种模式已经成为在工作中检验人的错误的标准之一。 Accident-proneness models suggest that some people are more likely to suffer anaccident than others. The first model was created in 1919，based on statistical examinations in a mumilions factory. This model dominated the safety thinking and research for almost 50 years, and it is still used in some organizations. As a result of this thinking, accident was blamed solely
第一部分必须掌握，第二部分尽量掌握 第一部分： 1 Finite Element Method 有限单元法 2 专业英语Specialty English 3 水利工程Hydraulic Engineering 4 土木工程Civil Engineering 5 地下工程Underground Engineering 6 岩土工程Geotechnical Engineering 7 道路工程Road (Highway) Engineering 8 桥梁工程Bridge Engineering 9 隧道工程Tunnel Engineering 10 工程力学Engineering Mechanics 11 交通工程Traffic Engineering 12 港口工程Port Engineering 13 安全性safety 17木结构timber structure 18 砌体结构masonry structure 19 混凝土结构concrete structure 20 钢结构steelstructure 21 钢-混凝土复合结构steel and concrete composite structure 22 素混凝土plain concrete 23 钢筋混凝土reinforced concrete 24 钢筋rebar 25 预应力混凝土pre-stressed concrete 26 静定结构statically determinate structure 27 超静定结构statically indeterminate structure 28 桁架结构truss structure 29 空间网架结构spatial grid structure 30 近海工程offshore engineering 31 静力学statics 32运动学kinematics 33 动力学dynamics 34 简支梁simply supported beam 35 固定支座fixed bearing 36弹性力学elasticity 37 塑性力学plasticity 38 弹塑性力学elaso-plasticity 39 断裂力学fracture Mechanics 40 土力学soil mechanics 41 水力学hydraulics 42 流体力学fluid mechanics 43 固体力学solid mechanics 44 集中力concentrated force 45 压力pressure 46 静水压力hydrostatic pressure 47 均布压力uniform pressure 48 体力body force 49 重力gravity 50 线荷载line load 51 弯矩bending moment 52 torque 扭矩53 应力stress 54 应变stain 55 正应力normal stress 56 剪应力shearing stress 57 主应力principal stress 58 变形deformation 59 内力internal force 60 偏移量挠度deflection 61 settlement 沉降 62 屈曲失稳buckle 63 轴力axial force 64 允许应力allowable stress 65 疲劳分析fatigue analysis 66 梁beam 67 壳shell 68 板plate 69 桥bridge 70 桩pile 71 主动土压力active earth pressure 72 被动土压力passive earth pressure 73 承载力load-bearing capacity 74 水位water Height 75 位移displacement 76 结构力学structural mechanics 77 材料力学material mechanics 78 经纬仪altometer 79 水准仪level 80 学科discipline 81 子学科sub-discipline 82 期刊journal ,periodical 83文献literature 84 ISSN International Standard Serial Number 国际标准刊号 85 ISBN International Standard Book Number 国际标准书号 86 卷volume 87 期number 88 专着monograph 89 会议论文集Proceeding 90 学位论文thesis, dissertation 91 专利patent 92 档案档案室archive 93 国际学术会议conference 94 导师advisor 95 学位论文答辩defense of thesis 96 博士研究生doctorate student 97 研究生postgraduate 98 EI Engineering Index 工程索引 99 SCI Science Citation Index 科学引文索引 100ISTP Index to Science and Technology Proceedings 科学技术会议论文集索引 101 题目title 102 摘要abstract 103 全文full-text 104 参考文献reference 105 联络单位、所属单位affiliation 106 主题词Subject 107 关键字keyword 108 ASCE American Society of Civil Engineers 美国土木工程师协会 109 FHWA Federal Highway Administration 联邦公路总署
一、Give out the full names for the following abbreviations(写出下列缩写词的全称)（15%） WAN__________________________________________________ HTTP__________________________________________________ NT____________________________________________________ CEO__________________________________________________ DBMS________________________________________________ ISP___________________________________________________ XML__________________________________________________ BIOS_________________________________________________ IT____________________________________________________ WWW_______________________________________________ 二、Match the following words and expressions in the left column with those similar in meaning in the right )（10%） 1. output devices a. 操作系统 2. silicon b. 扩展存储器 3. expanded memory c. 硅 4. database administrator d. 输出设备 5. operating system e. 汇编语言 6. assembly language f. 数据库管理员 7. gateway g. 数字图像处理 8. laser technology h. 网关 9. digital image processing i. 制造过程 10.manufacturing process j. 激光技术 1. （ ） 6. （ ） 2. （ ） 7. （ ） 3. （ ） 8. （ ）
A abnormal condition异常工况. absorbed dose rate吸收剂量 absorber chiller吸收式制冷机 absorber rod吸收棒 absorption coefficient吸收系数 absorption cross section吸收截面 absorption ratio吸收比 acceleration pressure drop加速度压降 acceleration pressure loss加速度损失 acceptable daily intake日允许摄入量 acceptance criterion验收准则 gacceptance limit可接受限值 acceptance report验收报告 acceptance standard验收标准 acceptance test验收实验 acceptance验收 access通道，入口 accident analysis事故分析 accident conditions事故工况 accident interlocking module事故联锁组件 accident management事故处理 accident mitigation事故缓解 accident prevention事故预防 accident shutdown事故停堆 accident source事故源 accidental exposure事故照射 accumulated dose累积剂量 accumulator安注箱 acid-proof tile耐酸瓷砖 activation活化 active carbon filter活性碳过滤器 active component能动部件 active core height堆芯活性高度 active power有功功率 activity concentration放射性浓度 activity level放射性活度 activity活度 actuate驱动，动作 administration building and emergency center ventilation system 办公楼及应急中心通风系统Administration building and emergency center water supply and drainage system 办公楼及应急中心给排水系统 adoption by equivalent等同采用 aerial cable架空电缆
non-destructive test 非破损检验 non-load—bearingwall 非承重墙 non—uniform cross—section beam 变截面粱 non—uniformly distributed strain coefficient of longitudinal tensile reinforcement 纵向受拉钢筋应变不均匀系数 normal concrete 普通混凝土 normal section 正截面 notch and tooth joint 齿连接 number of sampling 抽样数量 O obligue section 斜截面 oblique—angle fillet weld 斜角角焊缝 one—way reinforced(or prestressed)concrete slab “单向板” open web roof truss 空腹屋架， ordinary concrete 普通混凝土(28) ordinary steel bar 普通钢筋(29) orthogonal fillet weld 直角角焊缝(61) outstanding width of flange 翼缘板外伸宽度(57) outstanding width of stiffener 加劲肋外伸宽度(57) over-all stability reduction coefficient of steel beam·钢梁整体稳定系数(58) overlap 焊瘤(62) overturning or slip resistance analysis 抗倾覆、滑移验算(10) P padding plate 垫板(52) partial penetrated butt weld 不焊透对接焊缝(61) partition 非承重墙(7) penetrated butt weld 透焊对接焊缝(60) percentage of reinforcement 配筋率(34) perforated brick 多孔砖(43) pilastered wall 带壁柱墙(42) pit·凹坑(62) pith 髓心(?o) plain concrete structure 素混凝土结构(24) plane hypothesis 平截面假定(32) plane structure 平面结构(11) plane trussed lattice grids 平面桁架系网架(5) plank 板材(65) plastic adaption coefficient of cross—section 截面塑性发展系数(58) plastic design of steel structure 钢结构塑性设计(56) plastic hinge·塑性铰(13) plastlcity coefficient of reinforced concrete member in tensile zone 受拉区混凝土塑性影响系数
1.我们可以把钢再次加热到临界温度以下的某一温度，然后在慢慢让其冷却。We can heat the steel again to a temperature below the critical temperature, then cool it slowly. 2.无论任何简单的机床，都是由单一元件即通称为机械零件或部件组成的。However simple, any machine is a combination of individual components generally referred to as machine elements or parts. 3.这些金属不都是好的导体。 All these metals are not good conductors. 4. 在做带电实验的时候，再怎么小心都不为过。 You can't be too careful in performing an experiment. 5.利用发电机可以把机械能转变成电能。 The mechanical energy can be changed back into electrical energy by means of a generator or dynamo. 6.假定电源输入的电压保持不变。 Assume that the voltage input of the power supply remains the same. 7.化石燃料是发电过程中最为频繁使用的能源。 Fossil fuels are most frequently used source daring the power generation process. 8单个机械零件的可靠性成为评估整台机器使用寿命的基本因素。 The individual reliability of machine elements becomes the basis for estimating the overall life 9.说我们生活在一个电子时代，这一点都不夸张。 It's no exaggeration to say that we live in an electronic age. 10.发动机的转速不应超过最大允许值。 Engine revolution should not exceed the maximum permissible. 11.如能从大型核电站获得成本极低的电力，电解氢的竞争能力就会增强。（Electrolytic hydrogen）。 If extremely low-cost power were ever to become available from large nuclear power plants, electrolytic hydrogen would become competitive. 12.电子技术提供了一种新的显示时间的方法。 A new way of displaying time has been given by electronics. 13.远距离输电需要高压，安全用电需要低压。 High voltage is necessary for long transmission line while low voltage for safe use. 14.铝的电阻大约是同等尺寸的铜的1.5倍。 The resistance of aluminum is approximately half again as great as that of copper for the same dimensions = size 15.In fact,it is impossible for no force to be exerted on a body,since in this world everything is subject to the for ce of gravity. 事实上，物体不受外力作用是不可能的，因为在这个世界上任何物体都要受到重力的作用。 16.In a thermal power plant,all the chemical energy is not