教研室主任 （签字） 学院院长（系主
任） （签字）
C. degradation…corrosion
D. corrosion… degradation
12. Most frames _______ cast iron, weld steel, composition, or concrete.
A. are made from
B. are made up of
C. was produced by
D. was consist of
13. Rotating shafts particularly those that run at high speeds, must be designed to avoid
operation
at speeds.
A . low
B .overload C. critical D. hollow
14. Although cast iron is a fairly cheap material, each casting requires a .
A. pattern
B. model
C. mold
D. patent
15. The term is used to describe joints with surface contact, as with a pin surrounded by a hole.
A. high pair
B. low pair
C. surface pair
D. rotary pair
二、完型填空（在每个小题四个备选答案中选出一个正确答案，本大题共15小题，每小题1分，总计15分）
The term shaft usually refers to a relatively long member of round cross section that rotates and transmits power. One or more members such as gears, sprockets, pulleys, and cams are usually (16) to the shaft by means of pins, keys, splines, snap rings, and other devi ces. These latter members are among the “associated parts” considered in this text, as are couplings and universal joint, which serve to (17) the shaft to the source of power or load.
考生注意：考试时间 120 分钟试卷总分 100 分共 5 页第 1 页
Sometimes members like gears and cams are made (28) with shaft, but
more often such members (which also include pulleys, sprockets, etc)are
made separately and then(29) shaft. The portion of the mounted member
in contact with the shaft is the hub. Attachment of the hub to the shaft
is made in variety of ways. A gear can be gripped (30) between a
shoulder on the shaft and a spacer, with torque being transmitted
through a key. The grooves in the shaft and hub into which the key fits
are called keyways.
16、 A) cement B) attached C) connected D) concrete
17、 A) endure B) transmit C) serve D) connect
18、 A) support B) meet C) satisfy D) strong
19、 A) aims B) idler C) terminal D) tomb
20、 A) due to B) weather C) whether D) for
21、 A) elasticity B) torsional C) inertia D)
acceleration
22、 A) subjected B)…connect C) and D) From
23、 A) deeply B) strength C) clearly understand D)
long time
24、 A) identify B) cross C) round D)
lateral
25、 A) lucrative B) objectionable C) attractable D)
terrible
订
线
read as follows.
Engineering design is the process of devising a system, component, or process to meet desired needs. It is decision making process(often iterative),in which the basic sciences, mathematics, and engineering sciences are applied to convert resources optimally to meet a sated objectives and criteria, synthesis, analysis, construction ,testing, and evaluation. The engineering design component of a curriculum must include most of the following features : development of student creativity, use of open-ended problem statement and use of modern design theory and methodology, formulation of design problem statement and specification, consideration of alternative solutions, feasibility considerations, production process, concurrent engineering design, and detailed system descriptions. Further, it is essential to include a variety of realistic constraints such as economic factors, safety, reliability, aesthetics, ethics, and social impact.
31、what’s the main meaning of message (1)?
A) Engineering design is a systematic process B) materials engineer’s main work
C) mechanical engineer’s has good idea D) electrical engineer’ main duty
32、In the author’s opinion, the design process is very complex and should taken into
account many factors, from the message who should NOT join into the design team _______.
A) environmentalists,
B) sociologists
C) engineers
D) Government officials
33、From the message, we can know the meaning of words “ABET”(at line third paragraph)
is _____.
A) a set of accredits standard
B) a kind of design method
C) a department of US government which responsible for engineering design
D) A set of law
34、It can be concluded from the passage that in the exercise and training of student,
which character of the following is NOT included in the curriculum ______.
A) creativity
B) new material
C) ethics
D) economic factors
35、The title of the message is ______.
A) the roles of engineers in manufacturing
B) the importance of mechanical design
C) engineering design
D) The process of machine design
TEXT 2
Working drawings are the complete set of standardized drawings specifying the manufacture
and assembly of a product based on its design. The complexity of the design determines the number and types of drawings. Working drawings may be on more than one sheet and may contain written instructions called specifications.
Working drawings are blueprints used for manufacturing products. Therefore, the set of drawings must:(a) completely describe the parts, both visually and dimensionally;(b)show the parts in assembly;(3)identify all the parts; and (4)specify standard parts. The graphics and text information must be sufficiently complete and accurate to manufacture and assemble the product without error.
共 5 页第 2
页
(1) Detail drawings of each nonstandard parts.
(2) An assembly or subassembly drawing showing all the standard and nonstandard parts in a single drawing.
(3) A bill of materials (BOM).
(4) A title block.
A detail drawing is a dimensioned, multiview drawing of a single part, describing the part’s shape, size, material, and surface roughness, in sufficient detail for the part to be manufactured based on the drawing alone. Detail drawings are produced from design sketches or extracted from 3-D computer models. They adhere strictly to ANSI standards and the standard for the specific company, for dimensioning, assigning part numbers, notes, tolerances, etc.
In an assembly, standard parts such as threaded fasteners and bearings are not drawn as details, but are shown in the assembly view. Standard parts are not drawn as details because they are normally purchased, not manufactured, for assembly.
For large assemblies or assembled with large parts, details are drawn on multiple sheets, and a separate sheet is used for the assembly view. If the assembly is simple or the parts are small, detail drawings for each part of an assembly can be placed on a single sheet.
Multiple details on a sheet are usually drawn at the same scale. If different scales are used, they are clearly marked under each detail. Also,
when more than one detail is placed on a sheet, the spacing between details
TEXT 3
One principle aim of kinematics is to create (design) the desired motions of the subjects’ mechanical parts and then mathematically compute the positions, velocities, and accelerations, which those will create on the parts. Since, for most earthbound mechanical systems, the mass remains essentially constant with time, defining the accelerations as a function of time then also defines the dynamic forces as a function of time. Stresses, in turn, will be a function of both applied and inertial (ma) forces. Since engineering design is charged with creating systems which will not fail during their expected service life, the goal is to keep stresses within acceptable limits for the materials chosen and the environmental conditions encountered. This obviously requires that all system forces be defined and kept within desired limits. In machinery, the largest forces encountered are often those due to the dynamics of the machine itself. These dynamic forces are proportional to acceleration, which brings us back to kinematics, the foundation of mechanical design. Very basic and early decision in the design process involving kinematic principles can be crucial to the success of any mechanical design; a design which has poor kinematics will prove troublesome and perform badly.
Any mechanical system can be classified according to the number of degree of freedom (DOF) which it processes. The system’s DOF is equal to the number of independent parameters which are needed to uniquely define its position in space at any instant of time.
A rigid body free to move within a reference frame will, in the general case, has complex motion, which is a simultaneous combination of rotation and translation. In three-dimensional space, there may be rotation about any axis and also simultaneous translation which can be resolved into components along three axes. In a plane, or two-dimensional space, complex motion becomes a combination of simultaneous rotation about one axis (perpendicular to the
plane) and also translation resolved into components along two axes in the plane
41、Kinematics research focus on the following EXCEPT ______..
A) accelerations B) force
C) positions, D) velocities
42、From the passage that for the design engineer the first and most important is____
A) the service life of a machine B) the materials choose
C) the degree of freedom D) kinematic principles
43、An mechanical system has uniquely defined position in space at any instant of time that ___.
A) It should has one DOF
B) It should Has two DOF
C) the DOF and the number of independent parameters should equal
D) It should has any DOF as want
44、 which one of the following is NOT TRUE _______?.
A) A rigid body free to move in three-dimensional space may rotation about any axis
B) A rigid body free to move in three-dimensional space is a simultaneous combination
of rotation and translation
C) A rigid body free to move in three-dimensional space can be resolved into components
along three axes
D) A rigid body free to move in three-dimensional space may has complex motion
45、The best title for this passage would be _______.
A) kinematics B) dynamics
C) kinematics and dynamic D) the important of kinematics
共 5 页第
3 页
1．将下列英语句子译成汉语（共5小题，每小题2分）
（1）A perfectly rigid or inextensible link can exist only as a textbook type of model of a real machine member.
（2）Foundations should ensure the machine’s stiffness; shock absorption and isolation are secondary considerations.
(3)Thus, if a mechanical component such as a spring is subjected to repetitive or cyclical applications of stress levels much lower than the ultimate strength, it will fracture after a large number of repetitions of this stress.
（4）Interchangeability means that identical parts must be interchangeable, i.e., able to replace each other, whether during assembly or subsequent maintenance work; without the need for any fitting operations.
（5）A gear can be gripped axially between a shoulder on the shaft and a spacer, with torque being transmitted through a key.
2、将下段英语翻译成汉语（10分）
As we look around us we see a world full of “things”, machines, devices, tools, things that we have designed, built, and used; things made of wood, metals, ceramics, and plastics. We know from experience that some things are better than others; they last longer, cost less, are quieter, or are ease to use. Ideally , however, every such item has been designed according to some set of “functional requirements” as perceived by the
designers—that is, it hs been designed so as to answer the question,
（5）当一个装置意外地失效后，通常需要进行研究工作，来找出失效的原因和确定可能的改正措施。
2. 将下段汉语翻译成英语（10分）
密度：材料的密度是指单位体积材料的质量。另外一个术语是比重，其表示某种材料的密度与水
的密度的比值，因此，比重没有单位。对于如飞机和航天结构、汽车车体和部件，以及其他一些产品，当能量消耗和动力限制是主要考虑的因素时，减轻重量尤其重要。在设计先进的设备与机器和设计诸如汽车等消费品的过程中，采用新的替代材料来减轻重量和降低成本是一个应该着重考虑的问题
共 5 页第
4 页
（本大题共15小题，每小题1分，总计15分）_____ _____ _____ _____ 6-10：____
小题，每小题1分，总计15分）
（本大题共15小题，每小题2分，总计30分）41-45：____ _____ _____ _____ 20分）
5小题，每小题2分)
2、将下段英语翻译成汉语(10分)
五、汉译英（满分20分）
1、汉译英(共5小题，每小题2分)
（1）
（2）
（3）
（4）.
(5)
2、将下段汉语翻译成英语(10分)
外文翻译 英文原文 Belt Conveying Systems Development of driving system Among the methods of material conveying employed，belt conveyors play a very important part in the reliable carrying of material over long distances at competitive cost．Conveyor systems have become larger and more complex and drive systems have also been going through a process of evolution and will continue to do so．Nowadays，bigger belts require more power and have brought the need for larger individual drives as well as multiple drives such as 3 drives of 750 kW for one belt(this is the case for the conveyor drives in Chengzhuang Mine)．The ability to control drive acceleration torque is critical to belt conveyors’performance．An efficient drive system should be able to provide smooth，soft starts while maintaining belt tensions within the specified safe limits．For load sharing on multiple drives．torque and speed control are also important considerations in the drive system’s design. Due to the advances in conveyor drive control technology，at present many more reliable．Cost-effective and performance-driven conveyor drive systems covering a wide range of power are available for customers’ choices[1]. 1 Analysis on conveyor drive technologies 1．1 Direct drives Full-voltage starters．With a full-voltage starter design，the conveyor head shaft is direct-coupled to the motor through the gear drive．Direct full-voltage starters are adequate for relatively low-power, simple-profile conveyors．With direct fu11-voltage starters．no control is provided for various conveyor loads and．depending on the ratio between fu11-and no-1oad power requirements，empty starting times can be three or four times faster than full load．The maintenance-free starting system is simple，low-cost and very reliable．However, they cannot control starting torque and maximum stall torque；therefore．they are
西南交通大学2013级研究生录 V ocabulary A accessory附件，辅助设备 accordingly因此，从而 accuracy精确性 acetylene乙炔 acrylics丙烯酸树脂 acrylonitrile丙烯腈 adjusted调整过的 advent出现，到来 aligned对齐的，均衡的 aligned排列的 alloy合金 alphanumeric文字数字的，包含文字与数字的aluminum铝 ambiguously含糊不清地 amenable易控制的 amorphous无定形的，非晶态的 analogous类似的 angle角度 annealing退火 anvil铁砧 appendant下垂物 approach接近，方法，接近，靠近 arbor藤架，凉亭 argon氩气 artificial人造的 assist辅助 asymmetric不对称的 atop在顶上 attaching附属的 automatically自动的，机械的 automation自动化 automobile汽车，车辆 auxiliairy辅助的，补助的 axis轴 B bartender酒吧间男招待 batch一批，一组 beam光线 bearing轴承 binder粘合物 biomaterial生物材料
blacksmith铁匠，锻工 blade刀锋，刀口 blanking空白，下料，落料 blast爆破，冲击波 blowtorch吹管 blunt钝的 bolt螺栓 bond键，使粘合，使结合 boost推进 borer钻孔器 boring钻孔 bottleneck瓶颈 brazing硬钎焊 brittleness脆性 bronze青铜 burlap粗麻布 C calibrate校准 cam凸轮 capital首都，资本，资金，首都的，重要的cappuccino卡布奇诺，热牛奶咖啡 carbide碳化物 carburetor化油器 carburize使渗碳 carcass畜体 carriage溜板，拖板 carve雕刻 casino赌博娱乐场 cast铸造 casting铸造 catalysis催化作用 cathode阴极 cavity型腔，模腔，凸模 ceramogrophy陶瓷学 challenging复杂的 choke阻风的，气门的 chore家务杂事 chromium铬 chuck卡盘 clamp夹具，锁紧，夹紧，固定 clay泥土 clumsy笨重的，笨拙的，不灵活的 clutch离合器 coalescence合并，结合，联合
机械专业英语词汇 陶瓷ceramics 合成纤维synthetic fibre 电化学腐蚀electrochemical corrosion 车架automotive chassis 悬架suspension 转向器redirector 变速器speed changer 板料冲压sheet metal parts 孔加工spot facing machining 车间workshop 工程技术人员engineer 气动夹紧pneuma lock 数学模型mathematical model 画法几何descriptive geometry 机械制图Mechanical drawing 投影projection 视图view 剖视图profile chart 标准件standard component 零件图part drawing 装配图assembly drawing 尺寸标注size marking 技术要求technical requirements 刚度rigidity 内力internal force 位移displacement 截面section 疲劳极限fatigue limit 断裂fracture 塑性变形plastic distortion 脆性材料brittleness material 刚度准则rigidity criterion 垫圈washer 垫片spacer 直齿圆柱齿轮straight toothed spur gear 斜齿圆柱齿轮helical-spur gear 直齿锥齿轮straight bevel gear 运动简图kinematic sketch 齿轮齿条pinion and rack 蜗杆蜗轮worm and worm gear 虚约束passive constraint 曲柄crank 摇杆racker 凸轮cams 共轭曲线conjugate curve 范成法generation method 定义域definitional domain 值域range 导数\\微分differential coefficient 求导derivation 定积分definite integral 不定积分indefinite integral 曲率curvature 偏微分partial differential 毛坯rough 游标卡尺slide caliper 千分尺micrometer calipers 攻丝tap 二阶行列式second order determinant 逆矩阵inverse matrix 线性方程组linear equations 概率probability 随机变量random variable 排列组合permutation and combination 气体状态方程equation of state of gas 动能kinetic energy 势能potential energy 机械能守恒conservation of mechanical energy 动量momentum 桁架truss 轴线axes 余子式cofactor 逻辑电路logic circuit 触发器flip-flop 脉冲波形pulse shape 数模digital analogy 液压传动机构fluid drive mechanism 机械零件mechanical parts 淬火冷却quench 淬火hardening 回火tempering 调质hardening and tempering 磨粒abrasive grain 结合剂bonding agent 砂轮grinding wheel 后角clearance angle 龙门刨削planing 主轴spindle
陶瓷ceramics 合成纤维synthetic fibre 电化学腐蚀electrochemical corrosion 车架automotive chassis 悬架suspension 转向器redirector 变速器speed changer 板料冲压sheet metal parts 孔加工spot facing machining 车间workshop 工程技术人员engineer 气动夹紧pneuma lock 数学模型mathematical model 画法几何descriptive geometry 机械制图Mechanical drawing 投影projection 视图view 剖视图profile chart 标准件standard component 零件图part drawing 装配图assembly drawing 尺寸标注size marking 技术要求technical requirements 刚度rigidity 内力internal force 位移displacement 截面section 疲劳极限fatigue limit 断裂fracture 塑性变形plastic distortion 脆性材料brittleness material 刚度准则rigidity criterion 垫圈washer 垫片spacer 直齿圆柱齿轮straight toothed spur gear 斜齿圆柱齿轮helical-spur gear 直齿锥齿轮straight bevel gear 运动简图kinematic sketch 齿轮齿条pinion and rack 蜗杆蜗轮worm and worm gear 虚约束passive constraint 曲柄crank 摇杆racker 凸轮cams
机械专业英文翻译 Company number：【WTUT-WT88Y-W8BBGB-BWYTT-19998】
启动轴 starting axle 启动齿轮starting gear 启动棘轮 starting ratchet wheel 复位弹簧 restoring, pull back spring 弹簧座 spring seating 摩擦簧friction spring 推力垫圈 thrust washer 轴挡圈axle bumper ring 下料 filling 切断 cut 滚齿机 gear-hobbing machine 剪料机 material-shearing machine 车床 lathe 拉床 broaching machine 垂直度 verticality, vertical extent 平行度 parallelism同 心度 homocentricity 位置度 position 拉伤 pulling damage 碰伤 bumping damage 缺陷 deficiency 严重缺陷 severe deficiency 摩擦力 friction 扭距 twist 滑动 glide 滚动 roll 打滑 skid 脱不开 can’t seperate 不复位 can’t restore 直径 diameter M值 = 跨棒距 test rod span 公法线 common normal line 弹性 elasticity 频率特性 frequency characteristic 误差 error 响应 response 定位 allocation 机床夹具 jig 动力学 dynamic 运动学 kinematic 静力学 static 分析力学 analyse mechanics 拉伸 pulling 压缩 hitting 机床 machine tool 刀具 cutter 摩擦 friction 联结 link 传动 drive/transmission 轴 shaft 剪切 shear 扭转 twist 弯曲应力 bending stress 三相交流电 three-phase AC 磁路 magnetic circles 变压器 transformer 异步电动机 asynchronous motor 几何形状 geometrical 精度 precision 正弦形的 sinusoid 交流电路 AC circuit 机械加工余量 machining allowance 变形力 deforming force 变形 deformation 电路 circuit 半导体元件 semiconductor element 拉孔 broaching 装配 assembling 加工 machining 液压 hydraulic pressure 切线 tangent 机电一体化 mechanotronics mechanical-electrical integration 稳定性 stability 介质 medium 液压驱动泵 fluid clutch 液压泵 hydraulic pump 阀门 valve 失效 invalidation 强度 intensity 载荷 load 应力 stress 安全系数 safty factor 可靠性 reliability 螺纹 thread 螺旋 helix 键 spline 销 pin 滚动轴承 rolling bearing 滑动轴承 sliding bearing 弹簧 spring 制动器 arrester brake 十字结联轴节 crosshead 联轴器 coupling 链 chain 皮带 strap 精加工 finish machining 粗加工 rough machining 变速箱体 gearbox casing 腐蚀 rust 氧化 oxidation 磨损 wear 耐用度 durability 机械制图 Mechanical drawing 投影 projection 视图 view 剖视图 profile chart 标准件 standard component 零件图 part drawing 装配图 assembly drawing 尺寸标注 size marking 技术要求 technical requirements 刚度 rigidity 内力 internal force 位移 displacement 截面 section 疲劳极限 fatigue limit 断裂 fracture 塑性变形 plastic distortion 脆性材料 brittleness material 刚度准则 rigidity criterion 垫圈 washer 垫片 spacer 直齿圆柱齿轮 straight toothed spur gear 斜齿圆柱齿轮 helical-spur gear 直齿锥齿轮 straight bevel gear 运动简图 kinematic sketch 齿轮齿条 pinion and rack 蜗杆蜗轮 worm and worm gear 虚约束 passive constraint 曲柄 crank 摇杆 racker 凸轮 cams 反馈 feedback 发生器 generator
机械专业英语词汇（大全） 金属切削metal cutting 机床machine tool 金属工艺学technology of metals 刀具cutter 摩擦friction 联结link 传动drive/transmission 轴shaft 弹性elasticity 频率特性frequency characteristic 误差error 响应response 定位allocation 机床夹具jig 动力学dynamic 运动学kinematic 静力学static 分析力学analyse mechanics 拉伸pulling 压缩hitting 剪切shear 扭转twist 弯曲应力bending stress 强度intensity 三相交流电three-phase AC 磁路magnetic circles 变压器transformer 异步电动机asynchronous motor 几何形状geometrical 精度precision 正弦形的sinusoid 交流电路AC circuit 机械加工余量machining allowance 变形力deforming force 变形deformation 应力stress 硬度rigidity 热处理heat treatment 退火anneal 正火normalizing 脱碳decarburization 渗碳carburization 电路circuit 半导体元件semiconductor element 反馈feedback 发生器generator 直流电源DC electrical source 门电路gate circuit 逻辑代数logic algebra 外圆磨削external grinding 内圆磨削internal grinding 平面磨削plane grinding 变速箱gearbox 离合器clutch 绞孔fraising 绞刀reamer 螺纹加工thread processing 螺钉screw 铣削mill 铣刀milling cutter 功率power 工件workpiece 齿轮加工gear mechining 齿轮gear 主运动main movement 主运动方向direction of main movement 进给方向direction of feed 进给运动feed movement 合成进给运动resultant movement of feed 合成切削运动resultant movement of cutting 合成切削运动方向direction of resultant movement of cutting 切削深度cutting depth 前刀面rake face 刀尖nose of tool 前角rake angle 后角clearance angle 龙门刨削planing 主轴spindle 主轴箱headstock 卡盘chuck 加工中心machining center
机械英语词汇大全2 金属切削 metal cutting 机床 machine tool 金属工艺学 technology of metals 刀具 cutter 摩擦 friction 联结 link 传动 drive/transmission 轴 shaft 弹性 elasticity 频率特性 frequency characteristic 误差 error 响应 response 定位 allocation 拉孔 broaching 装配 assembling 铸造 found 流体动力学 fluid dynamics 流体力学 fluid mechanics 加工 machining 液压 hydraulic pressure 切线 tangent 机电一体化 mechanotronics mechanical-electrical integration 气压 air pressure pneumatic pressure 稳定性 stability 介质 medium 数学模型 mathematical model 画法几何 descriptive geometry 机械制图 Mechanical drawing 投影 projection 视图 view 剖视图 profile chart 标准件 standard component 零件图 part drawing 装配图 assembly drawing 尺寸标注 size marking 技术要求 technical
机床夹具 jig 动力学 dynamic 运动学 kinematic 静力学 static 分析力学 analyse mechanics 拉伸 pulling 压缩 hitting 剪切 shear 扭转 twist 弯曲应力 bending stress 强度 intensity 三相交流电 three-phase AC 磁路 magnetic circles 变压器 transformer 异步电动机 asynchronous motor 液压驱动泵 fluid clutch 液压泵 hydraulic pump 阀门 valve 失效 invalidation 强度 intensity 载荷 load 应力 stress 安全系数 safty factor 可靠性 reliability 螺纹 thread 螺旋 helix 键 spline 销 pin 滚动轴承 rolling bearing 滑动轴承 sliding bearing requirements 刚度 rigidity 内力 internal force 位移 displacement 截面 section 疲劳极限 fatigue limit 断裂 fracture 塑性变形 plastic distortion 脆性材料 brittleness material 刚度准则 rigidity criterion 垫圈 washer 垫片 spacer 直齿圆柱齿轮
2、应力和应变 在任何工程结构中独立的部件或构件将承受来自于部件的使用状况或工作的外部环境的外力作用。如果组件就处于平衡状态,由此而来的各种外力将会为零,但尽管如此,它们共同作用部件的载荷易于使部件变形同时在材料里面产生相应的内力。 有很多不同负载可以应用于构件的方式。负荷根据相应时间的不同可分为: (a)静态负荷是一种在相对较短的时间内逐步达到平衡的应用载荷。 (b)持续负载是一种在很长一段时间为一个常数的载荷, 例如结构的重量。这种类型的载荷以相同的方式作为一个静态负荷; 然而,对一些材料与温度和压力的条件下,短时间的载荷和长时间的载荷抵抗失效的能力可能是不同的。 (c)冲击载荷是一种快速载荷(一种能量载荷)。振动通常导致一个冲击载荷, 一般平衡是不能建立的直到通过自然的阻尼力的作用使振动停止的时候。 (d)重复载荷是一种被应用和去除千万次的载荷。 (e)疲劳载荷或交变载荷是一种大小和设计随时间不断变化的载荷。 上面已经提到，作用于物体的外力与在材料里面产生的相应内力平衡。因此,如果一个杆受到一个均匀的拉伸和压缩，也就是说, 一个力,均匀分布于一截面,那么产生的内力也均匀分布并且可以说杆是受到一个均匀的正常应力,应力被定义为 应力==负载 P /压力 A, 因此根据载荷的性质应力是可以压缩或拉伸的,并被度量为牛顿每平方米或它的倍数。 如果一个杆受到轴向载荷，即是应力，那么杆的长度会改变。如果杆的初始长度L和改变量△L已知，产生的应力定义如下: 应力==改变长△L /初始长 L 因此应力是一个测量材料变形和无量纲的物理量 ,即它没有单位;它只是两个相同单位的物理量的比值。 一般来说,在实践中,在荷载作用下材料的延伸是非常小的, 测量的应力以*10-6的形式是方便的, 即微应变, 使用的符号也相应成为ue。 从某种意义上说，拉伸应力与应变被认为是正的。压缩应力与应变被认为是负的。因此负应力使长度减小。 当负载移除时，如果材料回复到初始的，无负载时的尺寸时，我们就说它是具有弹性的。一特定形式的适用于大范围的工程材料至少工程材料受载荷的大部分的弹性, 产生正比于负载的变形。由于载荷正比于载荷所产生的压力并且变形正比于应变, 这也说明,当材料是弹性的时候, 应力与应变成正比。因此胡克定律陈述, 应力正比于应变。 这定律服从于大部分铁合金在特定的范围内, 甚至以其合理的准确性可以假定适用于其他工程材料比如混凝土，木材，非铁合金。 当一个材料是弹性的时候，当载荷消除之后，任何负载所产生的变形可以完全恢复,没有永久的变形。
组装、冲压、喷漆等专业词汇Assembly line组装线Layout布置图 Conveyer流水线物料板Rivet table拉钉机 Rivet gun拉钉枪 Screw driver起子 Electric screw driver电动起子 Pneumatic screw driver气动起子 worktable 工作桌 OOBA开箱检查 fit together组装在一起fasten锁紧(螺丝) fixture 夹具(治具) pallet栈板 barcode条码 barcode scanner条码扫描器 fuse together熔合 fuse machine热熔机 repair修理 operator作业员 QC品管 supervisor 课长 ME制造工程师 MT制造生技 cosmetic inspect外观检查 inner parts inspect内部检 查 thumb screw大头螺丝 lbs. inch镑、英寸 EMI gasket导电条 front plate前板 rear plate后板 chassis 基座 bezel panel面板 power button电源按键 reset button重置键 Hi-pot test of SPS高源高压 测试 Voltage switch of SPS 电源电压接拉键 sheet metal parts 冲件 plastic parts塑胶件 SOP制造作业程序 material check list物料检 查表 work cell工作间 trolley台车 carton纸箱 sub-line支线 left fork叉车 personnel resource department 人力资源部 production department生产 部门 planning department企划部 QC Section品管科 stamping factory冲压厂 painting factory烤漆厂 molding factory成型厂 common equipment常用设备
机械类专业英语翻译 Flexible and Smart Online Monitoring and Fault Diagnosis System for Rotating Machinery 柔性的和智能的在线监测与故障诊断的旋转机械系统 Abstract Monitoring the vibration signals of rotating machinery, ulteriorly, assessing the safety of equipment plays a significant role in ensuring the security of equipment and in saving maintenance fee. This paper integrated the idea of “configuration” in the industry control software, developed the “flexible” network-based online monitoring and fault diagnosis system. The network topology, configuration module, database, data acquisition workstation and monitoring components were presented. With the smart data acquisition strategy and strong adaptive monitoring tools, the system can be applied on kinds of rotating machinery, and the practical application of the system was introduced. Keywords – online monitor, flexible system, smart system, configuration, rotating machinery 旋转机械振动信号的监测，进一步地说，在确保设备的安全性和节省 维修费用上设备安全性的评估起到非常重要的角色。本文整合了工业 控制软件中的“配置”理念，开发出“柔性的”基于网络的在线监测 和故障诊断的系统。该网络的拓扑结构、配置模块、数据库、数据采 集工作站和监视组件已得到介绍。随着智能数据采集策略和强大的适
机械专业英语 Assembly line组装线 Layout布置图 Conveyer流水线物料板 Rivet table拉钉机 Rivet gun拉钉枪 Screw driver起子 Electric screw driver电动起子Pneumatic screw driver气动起子worktable 工作桌 OOBA开箱检查 fit together组装在一起 fasten锁紧(螺丝) fixture 夹具(治具) pallet栈板 barcode条码 barcode scanner条码扫描器fuse together熔合 fuse machine热熔机 repair修理 operator作业员 QC品管 supervisor 课长 ME制造工程师 MT制造生技 cosmetic inspect外观检查 inner parts inspect内部检查thumb screw大头螺丝 lbs. inch镑、英寸 EMI gasket导电条 front plate前板 rear plate后板 chassis 基座 bezel panel面板 power button电源按键 reset button重置键 Hi-pot test of SPS高源高压测试V oltage switch of SPS 电源电压接拉键 sheet metal parts 冲件 plastic parts塑胶件 SOP制造作业程序 material check list物料检查表
trolley台车 carton纸箱 sub-line支线 left fork叉车 personnel resource department 人力资源部 production department生产部门 planning department企划部 QC Section品管科 stamping factory冲压厂 painting factory烤漆厂 molding factory成型厂 common equipment常用设备 uncoiler and straightener整平机 punching machine 冲床 robot机械手 hydraulic machine油压机 lathe车床 |刨床 planer |'plein miller铣床 grinder磨床 driller??床 linear cutting线切割 electrical sparkle电火花 welder电焊机 staker=reviting machine铆合机 position职务 president董事长 general manager总经理 special assistant manager特助 factory director厂长 department director部长 deputy manager | =vice manager副理 section supervisor课长 deputy section supervisor =vice section superisor副课长group leader/supervisor组长 line supervisor线长 assistant manager助理 to move, to carry, to handle搬运 be put in storage入库 pack packing包装 to apply oil擦油 to file burr 锉毛刺
《机械工程专业英语》翻译李光布饶锡新主编华中科技大学出版社Lesson11 numerical control Introduction One of the most fundamental concepts in the area …………………… 数控就是用一个穿孔的纸带或存储的程序来控制机床，美国电子工业协会对数字控制所下的定义为：“一个各项工作都有在各点上直接插入的数字来控制的系统，该系统必须至少能够自动解释这些数字中的部分。”生产某个零件所需要的数据被称作这个零件程序数控比先前的手工操作生产更多的机械设备，数控机床能够自动的生产不同种类的零件，并且这些零件都有各种各样复杂的加工工艺过程，数字控制使得制造者们可以承担产品的加工，其产品的加工从经济的观点上看使用人工控制机床和加工过程是不太可行的的当一个孔被钻或冲出后，刀具向上撤回快速移动到下一个位置，重复这个步骤，路线沿着一个位置到另一个位置在某一方面是很重要的，他必须挑选一个是经过的时间减少、更有效（的路线）。点对点的系统主要用于钻床、冲床和连续的铣工序中 最近对DNC（现在表示分布式数字控制）的定义涵盖了“使用主计算机作为控制系统，来管理大量的带有机载微型计算机的独立的计算机数控机床”的含义。这种系统提供了更大的存储和计算机能力来灵活的克服直接数控的缺陷。 计算机数字控制是由控制微型计算机作为机器集成的部分或某种设备一部分的系统（如机载计算机）。零件程序由编程者事先准备好，该程序应结合由绘图软件包和加工仿真中获得的信息，从而确保零件没有程序缺陷。机器操控者可以很容易的通过手工对机载计算机进行控制，操作者能够直接对程序进行修改，并为不同的零件制定和存储程序 Lesson14 CAM TEXT 1.introduction Computer-aided manufacturing involves the use of …………………… 计算机辅佐制造的含义是：使用计算机和计算机技术来协助产品制造的所有环节，其中包括加工工艺和生产的辅助设计、加工、生产计划制定、管理和质量控制等！ 由CAD开发的数据库首先被存储，然后由CAM做进一步的处理，转化为对生产设备和材料处理设备进行操作和控制所必须的数据和命令，对产品的质量进行自动的检测和测试！ CAD\CAM的出现对制造业有很大的影响，标准化生产的发展和设计努力、试验和原型工作的减少。它已经较大的减少了消耗和提高生产效率成为可能。例如，波音777客机完全被用计算机（无纸的设计），在两千个工作站连接着8台计算机，这个飞机由CAD\CAM软件建造，没有原形或像以前的模型所要求的建立，这个开发的花费大约在60亿。 通过工业社会的历史，许多发明取得专利，并且整个新技术在发展，华特的零件互换性概念、瓦特的蒸汽机和福特的装配线是一部分发展却是最显著的在我们的工业时期，像我们知道的那样，这些发展的每一个都影响了制造业，并且赢得了他们个人应受认可在我们的历史课本中。或许数字计算机技术是唯一比以前技术更快、更大影响制造业的发展。 在计算机辅助设计或计算机辅助制造中交互式计算机制图起着重要的作用，通过使用交互式计算机制图，设计人员可开发被设计产品的图形图像，同时储存这些生成图形图像的电子数据，图像可以以二维三维的实体的形式表现出来，交互式计算机制图图像是由点、线、圆和曲线这些基本的几何元素构成的这些图像一旦创建他们可以通过放大缩小旋转和移动在内的各种各样的方式轻松的来编辑和操 交互式计算机制图系统的典型硬件结构包括计算机、显示器、软盘启动器、、硬盘或两者兼备以及输入设备、如键盘、绘图仪和打印机。这些设备伴随这些软件是现代设计人员用
PART1: Reading How to quickly read an English paper? Metalworking Glossary Cutting Tool Engineering, November, 2000, 209-238 The metalworking glossary defines terms common to those who cut and grind metals and other materials. The terms are divided into 11 categories: 1.Manufacturing Definitions; 2.Machining Operations; 3.Machine Tools and Ancillary Equipment; 4.Cutting Tools and Related Terminology 5.Coolants, Lubricants, and Related Terminology 6.Accessories and Attachments; 7.Alloys, Coatings, Material Compositions, and Related Terminology; 8.Heat-treating and Special Processes; 9.Inspection, Measurement, and Quality Control; 10.Robotics and Automated Assembly; 11.Nontraditional Machining How to Make Use of the Linguistic Features of Scientific Papers (科技论文的语言特点) 1.Linguistic Style(语体) 科学技术领域，科技工作者的任务： 描述自然现象 分析自然现象产生的规律 研究自然现象应用于人类生产实践 的方法 表达所取得的成果及其应用 思维形式：概念、公式或公式化的概念 思维活动的语言表达：按照严格的逻辑程序导 出的判断和推理，科技文体具有抽象性、概念 性和高度的逻辑性 内容：写实 语言风格：准确严谨、合乎逻辑，非形象性(理 性)、客观性、无明显感情色彩、简洁明快。Literature 1.Conference paper 2.Journal paper 3.Lecture 4.Book (Dissertation or Thesis) 5.Report (News) 6.Manual and Specification Paper and Experimental Report: Title, Abstract, Introduction, Results and Analysis, Conclusion and Discussion Book & Lecture: Title, Author(s), Name of the process or publisher, Name of the printing House, Name of the distributor, Date of publication, Date of printing, Synopsis, Note by the publisher, International Standard Book Number, Preface or Foreword, Acknowledgements, Contents, Text of the book, Appendix or Supplement, Index, Epilogue Manual and Instructions, Directions: Principle, Operation, Maintenance 2.Vocabulary Typically Professionalized Terms Whenever a force acts on a body so as to make the body move through some distance, it is said to have done work. Body n. 身体, 肉体, 人, 尸体, 主要部分, 团体, 大量vt. 赋以形体 机械专业n. 车身,机身