Topic Twelve Popular Science and Modern Technology 科普知识
与现代技术
话说中考
此类话题涉及科普知识和最尖端的现代化技术，是中考中难度最大的一部分，专业术语较多，词汇量大，多以说明文呈现在试卷中。这就要求学生在平时多了解科普知识，关注尖端技术，热爱现代化，培养爱国主义精神。
解题思路：整体把握文章大意，关注出题趋势，熟悉解题方法。
走进中考(兰州·2010)
There have been many great inventions or things that changed the way we live．The first great invention was the one that is still very important today — the wheel．This made it easier to carry heavy things and to travel long distance．
For hundreds of years after that there were few inventions that as much effect as the wheel．Then in the early 1800s the world started to change．There was little unknown land left in the world．People didn't have to explore much any more．They began to work instead to make life better．
In the second half of the 19th century many great inventions were made．Among them were the camera，the light and the radio．These all play a big part in our daily life today．
The first part of the 20th century saw more great inventions．The
helicopter in 1909，movies with sound in 1926，the computer in 1928，jet planes in 1930．This was also a time when a new material was first made．Nylon came out in 1935．It changed the kind of clothes people wore．
The middle part of the 20th century brought new ways to help people get over diseases．They worked very well．They made people healthier and allowed them to live longer．By the 1960s most people could expect to live to be at least 60．
By this time most people in developed countries had a very good life．Of course new inventions continued to be made．But man now had a desire(渴望) to explore again．The earth was known to man but the stars were not．Man began looking for ways to go into space．Russia made the first step．Then United States took a step．Since then other countries，including China and Japan，have made their own steps into space．In 1969 man took his biggest step away from the earth．Americans first walked on the moon．This is certainly just a beginning，though．New inventions will some day allow us to do things we have never yet dreamed of．
阅读短文，根据短文内容选择最佳答案。
( ) 1．This passage talks mainly about _______．
A．why cars were very important
B．when light was invented
C．how inventions affect people's daily life
D．which country made the first step into space
( ) 2．According to the passage man didn't have a desire to explore a lot _______．
A．at the beginning of 1800s
B．in the 1960s
C．since the 1900s
D．from the 1800s to 1960s
( ) 3．In the 1800s，people began to work in order to make _______．
A．explorations
B．their life better
C．discoveries
D．a trip to space
( ) 4．Nylon came out of five years later than _______．
A．radio
B．camera
C．jet planes
D．movies
( ) 5．People can live longer lives because _______ that help cure diseases have worked very well．
A．doctors
B．new ways
C．medicines
D．new hospitals
解析
1．C 根据整篇文章的内容和“There have been many great inventions or things that changed the way we live．”可知文章主要讲述发明是怎样影响人们日常生活的，故正确答案为C。
2．A 根据“Then in the early 1800s... explore much any more．”可以判断出正确答案为A。
3．B 根据第“They began to work instead to make life better．”可知正确答案为B。
4．C 根据“...jet planes in 1930．This was also a time... Nylon came out in 1935．”可知尼龙的发明要比喷气式飞机晚5 年，故正确答案为C。
5．B 根据“The middle part of the 20th century brought new ways to help people get over diseases．”可知正确答案为B。
话题专练
一
Robots are coming into people's lives these days．Robots help people a lot．Japanese housekeeping robots can move chairs，sweep the floor，take away dirty dishes and put dirty clothes in washing machines．Intel，the famous computer maker，has developed a self-controlled robot called
Herb．Herb can do simple things that people tell it to do，such as cleaning up waste．
Recently a large robot named "Probo" has been helping children to feel less worried in hospital．Probo has a touch screen on its stomach．The screen teaches children how to use Probo．The green robot's face can make expressions to show how medical operations will make the child feel．"The main aim of this project is to make emotional communication(情感交流) with children，" said Jelle Saldien，one of the researchers．
Probo was invented by Ivan Hermans，president of the Anty Foundation．He had the idea after seeing the film I，Robot．Probo's green head and short nose are fully automated(使自动化)．Its touch screen can show different emotions，such as pleasure and sadness，and can also "see" the expressions on human faces and make eye contact．
根据短文内容，选择最佳答案。
( ) 1．Herb that the famous computer maker developed is _______．A．a man-controlled robot
B．a self-controlled robot
C．a Japanese baby
D．a very large robot
( ) 2．Probe was invented in order to _______．
A．look after children in hospital
B．teach children how to use it
C．show expressions to children
D．make emotional communication with children
( ) 3．_______ made Ivan Hermans have the idea about inventing "Probo"．
A．Herb
B．Children in hospital
C．Film I，Robot
D．I don't know
( ) 4．The author implies(暗示) that _______．
A．the Japanese robot can help children to do their homework
B．Herb can help people to do housework
C．robots will take the place of people in the future
D．Ivan is an inventor and the president of his country
( ) 5．It can be learned from the passage that _______．
A．people are not allowed to touch Probe's stomach
B．Probe has two kinds of feeling：happiness and sadness
C．when a boy is happy，Probe can know how he feels
D．Probo is one of the robots in the film I，Robot
答案：
1．B 根据短文第一段中“has developed a self-controlled robot called Herb．”可知，Herb 是一种自控机器人。
2．D 根据短文第二段最后一句make emotional communication with children 可知，创造“抱抱”机器人的主要目的是同孩子进行情感交流。
3．C 根据短文最后一段内容可知，Ivan Hermans 是在看了I，Robot 这部影片后，得到的创造“抱抱”机器人的灵感。
4．B 从整篇文章来看“机器人可以为人们做家务”，所以确定选B。
5．C 根据短文可知，机器人Probo 可以触摸；“抱抱”机器人不仅只有两种表情：它不同于I，Robot 影片中的机器人。根据短文可知，“抱抱”机器人可以根据人的面部表情判断人的喜怒哀乐，故选C。
二
Kobian，a Japanese robot，which can express seven human emotions，has been made by researchers at a university of Japan．The robot can express seven different feelings，including happiness，surprise，sadness and dislike．In order to use different poses to match the mood，Kobian uses motors in its face to move its lips，eyelids and eyebrows into different positions．
To express happiness，for example，the robot puts its hands over its head and opens its mouth and eyes wide．
To show sadness，Kobian hangs its head and holds a hand up to its face in a gesture of sadness．
Kobian can also walk around，check its environment and do some
work．It is hoped it will be a good helper for humans．
根据短文内容，选择最佳答案。
( ) 1．Kobian can express _______ human emotions．
A．5 B．6 C．7 D．8
( ) 2．Kobian can use _______ to match the mood．
A．face
B．eyelids and eyebrows
C．lips
D．motors in different positions
( ) 3．How does Kobian express sadness?
A．It can put its hands over its head and cry．
B．It can hang its head and hold a hand up to its face in a gesture of sadness．
C．It can fall down its tears．
D．It can open its mouth and eyes wide．
( ) 4．The last paragraph mainly tells us _______．
A．Kobian can walk around
B．Kobian can check its environment
C．Kobian can do some work
D．Kobian will be a good helper for humans．
( ) 5．Which of the following is NOT right?
A．Kobian is made in Japan．
B．Kobian does some housework for human beings．
C．Kobian can use expressions to its heart．
D．Kobian can express seven human emotions，but it won't take the place of human beings．
答案：
1．C 短文中一、二两段都提到了这一点，可以表达七种人类情感。
2．D 根据短文第二段最后一句内容可以确定本题答案。
3．B 根据短文第四段的内容可以确定答案。
4．D 根据最后一段内容可以看出，机器人能帮人类做很多事情，希望将来成为人类的好帮手。
5．C 通读全文可以看出，机器人虽然能在很多方面代替人类工作，但是它没有思想，只是人类的工具。
三
Have you ever wished to have an umbrella that makes your hands free? Alan Kaufman has come up with the "Nubrella"．which means "new"+"umbrella"．It is the first truly hands-free umbrella in the world．The inventor says that it stops rain，wind and snow and can keep your head，face and hair dry．
"I never planned to invent a product．I just noticed a problem and came up with a solution，" said the inventor．The idea for the invention began on one rainy day．Mr．Kaufman was standing in one of his
stores．He began to look at people's umbrellas．He found that they had to try very hard to keep their umbrellas in the right place．At that moment an idea came into his mind．He ran to his desk and drew a picture．In this way，the Nubrella was born．
One cool feature of the Nubrella is that you don't hold it like a normal umbrella；you wear it．The shoulder straps(肩带) of the Nubrella allow people to be fully hands-free，so when walking in the rain with the Nubrella，you are able to use your cell phone or drink a hot cup of coffee．Also，the Nubrella will never be inverted(颠倒) in the wind．The new umbrella is far safer than traditional ones，because it has no sharp points．
根据短文内容，选择最佳答案。
( ) 1．"Nubrella" is a kind of _______ umbrella．
A．normal
B．hands-free
C．traditional
D．paper
( ) 2．How can you use the "Nubrella"?
A．You can wear the shoulder straps of the Nubrella．
B．You can put the Nubrella on your head．
C．You can use your hands to control it．
D．You can put it on your bike．
( ) 3．Which of the following is NOT right?
A．"Nubrella" means "new"+"umbrella"．
B．The idea of the new umbrella came from the rainy day．
C．When you are walking in the rain，you'd better take the Nubrella．D．If you go out with the Nubrella in the rain，you'd drink a hot cup of coffee．
( ) 4．It can be learned from the passage that _______．
A．Alan Kaufman often uses umbrellas in everyday life
B．the new kind of umbrella was invented by an umbrella store owner
C．the inventor thought for a long time before inventing the Nubrella D．you can do other things with your hands when using the Nubrella ( ) 5．In writing this passage，the author mainly intends(意图) to _______．
A．introduce this new kind of umbrella to people who are selling umbrellas
B．tell the readers about a great inventor named Alan Kaufman
C．tell the readers about a new invention that is very useful
D．tell the readers that the inventor didn't want to invent anything
答案：
1．B 根据短文第一段中“It is the first truly hands-free umbrella in the world．”可知，这种伞是—种可以不用手打的伞。
2．A 根据短文最后一段内容可知，这种伞带有肩带，用时可以戴在肩膀上，不需要用手。
3．D 根据短文最后一段内容可知，使用这种伞时，手可以同时做其他事情，不一定都要喝热咖啡。
4．D 通读全文，可以从中了解到“使用这种伞时，手可以同时做其他事情”，所以很容易确定答案。
5．C 作者写这篇文章的意图是向人们介绍这种新伞的好处。
四
News One
Recently a cloned dog named Ruppy became the world's first transgenic(转基因的) dog．She and four other dogs all gave off red light under certain conditions．
A team led by Byeong-Chun Lee in Korea created the dogs．Lee and researcher Woo Suk Hwang were also part of the team that created the first cloned dog，Snuppy，in 2005．
"This new experiment should open the door for transgenic dogs to be models of human illness，" said one of the team members，Che Myong Ko．"The next step for us is to make a true illness model．"
News Two
A company in Japan has said they will soon sell a new kind of T-shirt．The T—shirt can protect people from knives．It is more than three times stronger than cotton because it is made of a special kind of
material．This material is thick enough to protect you，but it is not too heavy to make you look like you are wearing protective clothing．This material is like the one that is used in body armor，but it is lighter and can be washed by a washing machine．
These T-shirts are created because of the increased knife accidents that happen to children．
根据短文内容，选择最佳答案。
( ) 1．Ruppy can give off _______ light under certain conditions．A．white B．red C．yellow D．green
( ) 2．News One mainly tells us that _______．
A．Ruppy can give off red light all the time
B．Snuppy has the ability to cure people's illness
C．Byeong-Chun Lee is not a member of the Snuppy study team
D．a transgenic dog will be used to study people's illness
( ) 3．The special T-shirt is made of _______．
A．a special kind of cotton
B．a special kind of silk
C．a special kind of material
D．a usual kind of cotton
( ) 4．The underlined phrase "body armor" in News Two means "_______" in Chinese．
A．身手B．衣服C．太空服D．防弹衣
( ) 5．The second piece of news shows that _______．
A．the special T-shirt is made of a special kind of cotton
B．you might break the T-shirt if you put it in a washing machine
C．the number of knife accidents is increasing these days
D．the T-shirt will be as cheap as everyday T-shirts
答案：
1．B 根据News One 中第一段“...gave off red lig ht under certain conditions”可知，是红色的光。
2．D 根据News One 可知，克隆技术的发现对人体疾病的治疗起着重要的作用。
3．C 根据News Two 的第一段内容可知这种类型的T 恤是用一种特殊的材料做成的。
4．D 根据News Two 的第一段中上下句的关系可以确定是一种保护身体的衣服，即常说的防弹衣。
5．C 从第二则新闻最后一句可以确定发明这种防弹衣是由于日本常发生持刀事件。
五
Imagine this：a television screen has the size and thickness of a piece of paper．You carry it around in your pocket and take it out when you want to watch a show．Imagine a guitar so tiny that you can't see it with the human eye，but you can hear sound when its strings are pulled．Nanotechnology(纳米技术) is the science that deals with things in a
very small way，and it is being studied and developed all over the world．Many scientists say nanotechnology will produce the next industrial revolution(工业革命)．
Perhaps nanotechnology will have the biggest influence on medical science．Imagine nanobots(纳米机器人) in medicine．Thousands or even millions of tiny machines can be sent into the human body with specific tasks．For example，they can be designed to find and destroy cancer cells or viruses(病毒)．Other machines may stay in the human body forever to help organs(器官) that are not working properly．
When could all of these happen? Scientists predict that most of these are possible in the next years．Thousands of scientists around the world are working on these micro-machines．Nanotechnology is just around the corner．
根据短文内容，选择最佳答案。
( ) 1．The two examples in Paragraph 1 are used to _______．
A．introduce the smallest television
B．introduce a new kind of guitar
C．introduce the topic of the passage
D．show how small the world is
( ) 2．Nanotechnology _______．
A．will cause an industrial revolution
B．deals with things in old ways
C．has studied the whole world
D．was developed many years ago
( ) 3．The underlined word "they" in the third paragraph refers to _______．
A．scientists
B．human bodies
C．specific tasks
D．tiny machines
( ) 4．The tiny machines _______．
A．are too small to be repaired
B．can be put in a human body to kill viruses
C．may not work well in human organs
D．can take the place of human organs
( ) 5．The underlined phrase "around the corner" in the last sentence means "_______"．
A．far away
B．at present
C．in the near future
D．impossible
答案：
1．C 短文第一段通过设想纳米技术给人们日常生活带来的便利，目的在于引出主题——纳米技术。
2．A 第二段介绍了纳米技术的研发将引起世界性的工业革命。
3．D 第三段提到纳米机器人可能被植入人体内为人类服务，所以选D。
4．B 根据文中“they can be designed to find and destroy cancer cells or viruses．”可以确定答案。
5．C 根据全文可知纳米技术不久会被广泛使用。
六
Soon computers and other machines will be able to remember you by looking at your eyes! The program works because everyone's eyes are different．So in the future you won't have to remember a number when you want to use a machine or take money out of a bank．You'll just have to look at the machine and it will be able to tell who you are．The eye-recognition(眼睛识别) program is already being tested in shops and banks in the U.S.A.，Britain，Spain，Italy and Turkey．Soon this technology will take the place of all other ways of finding out who people are．
However，scientists are working on other systems．Machines will soon be able to know you from the shape of your face or hand or even your smell! We already have machines that can tell who you are from your voice or from the mark made by your finger．
Eye-recognition is better than other kinds because your eyes don't change as you get older，or get dirty like hands or fingers．And even twins
have different eyes，so the program can be up to 94% correct，depending on how good the technology is．Some programs may only be 51%．In Britain，it was found that 91% of people who had tried it said that they liked the idea of recognizing(认出) you by your eyes．So smile!
根据短文内容，选择最佳答案。
( ) 1．What will the program for remembering eyes be used for?
A．Banks and computers．
B．Banks and shops．
C．Schools and computers．
D．Schools and shops．
( ) 2．How does the eye-recognition program work?
A．You look at the machine and type the number．
B．You need to speak and then look．
C．The machine looks at your face．
D．You look at the machine．
( ) 3．Which recognition program is already in use?
A．Remembering eyes and smell．
B．Remembering fingers or voices．
C．Remembering faces and voices．
D．Remembering hands and faces．
( ) 4．What problems could there be with the eye-recognition program?
A．Some eyes are the same．
B．Eyes can change．
C．It is not always correct．
D．Eyes can get dirty．
( ) 5．What's the advantage of using eye-recognition programs in this passage?
A．You needn't remember a number．
B．You needn't take money with you．
C．You don't need to speak．
D．People think they are interesting．
答案：
1．B 眼睛识别技术将会用于银行和商店。
2．D 利用眼睛识别身份时，只需看着测试机器就行了。
3．B 目前，识别身份的方法主要是指纹和声音识别。
4．C 眼睛识别技术准确率高，但仍会出错。
5．A 眼睛识别技术的优势在于它不像密码识别，不需要记住一串数字。
七
Recently in a class in Tokyo，a robot teacher called Saya called out the names of students，and smiled at them．Her funny face made the students laugh．However，the inventor says she is not going to take the place of human teachers．
Unlike other robots without feelings，Saya has six feelings —surprise，fear，dislike，anger，happiness and sadness．She can also say simple phrases such as "Thank you" and "Sorry"．
"Robots that look like humans have an important influence on children and older people，" Hiroshi Kobayashi，Saya's developer，said．Saya was first invented as a receptionist(接待员) robot in 2004．Later，she was tested in a real Tokyo classroom with many fifth and sixth grade students．"Although she still can't do much more than call out names and shout 'Be quiet'，the children had great fun，" Kobayashi says．"They were very happy when Saya called out their names．"
Ronald C．Arkin，a scientist，says people should do more study on the interaction(互动) between humans and robots before people depend on robots too much．
Kobayashi says，"Saya is just meant to help people，and we should not have too high hope for her ability．She has no thought and no ability to learn．She is just a tool．"
根据短文内容，选择最佳答案。
( ) 1．Saya is _______．
A．a Japanese woman teacher
B．a Japanese girl
C．a robot teacher
D．a scientist
阅读理解整体分析 选材 ①阅读材料通常在150~250词之间 ②选材广泛,具有浓厚的时代气息 ③阅读语段生动活泼,语句富子变化 命题原则 ①要求考生既能理解具体的事实,也能理解抽象的概念; ②要求考生既能理解文章的表层意思,也能理解文章的深层含义; ③要求考生既能理解某句、某段的意思,也能理解全篇的逻辑关系; 中考阅读理解的应试策略 在解答阅读理解题时,要根据如下步骤进行解题。 1.浏览问题明确要求 先了解文章后面所要解决的问题再去看文章,能使思路更加清晰,做到心中有数。 2.略读全文,了解梗概 略读就是在尽可能短的时间内把握文章或段落的内容,略读时要特别注意主题。 3.通读寻读猎取信息 寻读时可把与答题无关的内容一扫而过,而与答题有关的重要信息要认真读。 4逐条分析,对号入座 即把寻读时所获得的信息与答题要求结合起来,逐条进行分析,对号人座。 5.复读全文,验证答案 再次仔细阅读全文,进一步加深对文章的理解,核实所选内容是否正确。 阅读理解不同题型解题技巧 基于不同的考查目的,阅读理解题通常可分类为“细节理解题”“主且大意题”“词义猜测题”与“推理判断题”,不同的考查目的,会有不同的设题特点可使用不同的解题技巧。 一、细节理解题解题技巧 细节理解题主要是考查who, what, which, when, where等文章细节些细节理解题比较简单,只需浏览文中所叙述的事实或细节,就可以作答。 但一些细节理解题则需要通过语句的同义或反义转换来考查学生对英语的理解能力,对文中个别难词、关键词、词组或句子作出解释或需要对有关的上下文提供的语境和信息、甚至对整篇文章的内容建立准确、立体的理解和判断。这些题的难度较大解答细节理解题时,要先看题于,然后带着问题读文章。同学们做这类题时可以边读边做记号,加强阅读的针对性提高做题的准确率, 1.语义转换题一跳读查找法。语义转换题通常考查对某句话或某几包话的理解，可根据题干内容从原文中找到相关句子,然后进行比较和分析,并确定最佳答案运用跳读查找法时,要特别注意试题及其选项与原文之间的语义变换,如同义变换、概念解析、归纳事实等 2.生活应用题一常识理解法。生活应用题要求学生在读懂文章的基础上结合定的生活常识进行判断。但有些时候,一些常识性判断题,甚至只看题干,就可选出最佳答案。 3.细节排序题一首尾定位法。这种试题要求学生根据动作发生的先后顺序和句子之间的逻辑关系,找出事件发生的正确顺序,做此类题时可采用“首尾定位第一个动作和最后一个动作,迅速缩小选择范围,从而快速选出正确答案 4.寻找值息题一干定位法。快速寻找信息题一般为功能阅读题,主要形式有广告、公告、演出信息、航班时间表、购物就餐等,做这类题时没有必要阅读全文,直采用“题干定位法,根据题干要求,直接从表格中查找相关信息
中考英语阅读理解测试题及答案 一、初三英语阅读理解（含答案详细解析） 1．阅读理解 Wonder what it is like to be a chef（厨师）? This weekend you will have your chance to find out. Two local chefs, Monica Sallier and Andrew Gleason, will hold an "open kitchen" at their restaurants this Saturday. Monica's restaurant, The Blue Hen, is small but comfortable. Wooden tables and chairs cover the dining area, and sweet music is always on. "I like to laugh and always tell jokes while I cook," Monica said. "Cooking brings people together. The cooks who work with me have become my best friends." At Monica's "open kitchen", she plans to teach her guests how to prepare country-style fried chicken. For it, she will use her family's secret spice（香料）. She learned how to make it from her father. Monica seldom uses a measuring cup（量杯）when cooking. By doing so, she hopes to offer her guests a special dining experience. "If you come to my restaurant, you'll never get the same dish twice, "she said. Also opening his kitchen this Saturday in Shreveport is Andrew Gleason. He is the head chef at Quarter Bistro. "I am not the most talkative chef in the business," Andrew said. "Mostly because I prefer to give my full attention to the food. Every ingredient（食材）must be carefully measured. " Andrew's food also makes the dining experience special. He makes every dish look like a piece of art. At his "open kitchen", Andrew plans to teach his visitors how to prepare blackened catfish, a dish of his that has won much praise throughout the city. （1）While Monica is cooking, she ____. A. is never quiet B. seldom uses spice C. sometimes sits on a wooden chair D. always listens to her favorite songs （2）At Andrew's "open kitchen", he will ____. A. invite Monica to try his dish B. work with another head chef C. tell lots of jokes while cooking D. cook one much-praised dish （3）What do Monica and Andrew have in common? A. They work in the same restaurant. B. They both like using measuring cups. C. They graduated from the same cooking school. D. They both let guests have a special dining experience. （4）The passage is probably from ____. A. a city newspaper B. a restaurant notice C. a cookbook D. a chef's diary 【答案】（1）A （2）D （3）D （4）A 【解析】【分析】本文讲述本周六，两位当地厨师莫妮卡·萨利尔和安德鲁·格里森将在他们
中考英语英语阅读理解训练经典题目 一、英语阅读理解专项练习试卷 1．阅读理解 When I was about 12, I had an enemy, a girl who liked to point out my shortcomings (缺点). Sometimes she said I was thin. Sometimes she said I was lazy. Sometimes she said I wasn't a good student. Sometimes she said I talked too much, and so on. I tried to put up with(忍受) her as long as I could. At last, I became very angry. I ran to my father with tears in my eyes. He listened to me quietly, and then he asked, "Are the things she said true or not? Mary, didn't you ever wonder what you're really like? Go and make a list of everything she said and mark the points that are true. Pay no attention to the other things she said." I did as he told me and to my surprise, I found that about half the things were true. I brought the list back to my dad. He refused to take it. "That's just for you," he said. "You know better than anyone else the truth about yourself. When something said about you is true, you'll find it will be helpful to you. Don't shut your ears. Listen to them all, but hear the truth and do what you think is right. "Many years have passed. The situation often appears in my mind. In our life we often meet with some trouble and we often go to someone and ask for advice. For some advice you will treasure all your life! （1）How did the writer feel when her friend pointed out her shortcomings at first? A. Happy. B. Thankful. C. Unhappy. D. Nothing. （2）What did the writer's father do after he heard her complaints(抱怨)? A. He agreed with her "enemy". B. He let her continue to put up with her "enemy". C. He told her to write down all her "enemy" had said about her. D. He told her not to pay attention to what her "enemy" had said. （3）The writer felt _______ when she did the things as her father had told her. A. surprised B. angry C. disappointed D. sad （4）Which of the following can we know from the passage? A. The "enemy" thought the writer was pretty. B. The "enemy" thought the writer studied hard. C. The writer and her "enemy" became best friends at last. D. The writer is thankful to her father. （5）Which of the following can be the best title of the passage? A. My Parents B. A Good Friend C. An Enemy D. The Best Advice 【答案】（1）C （2）C
中考英语阅读理解专项复习经典 一、初三英语阅读理解（含答案详细解析） 1．阅读理解 Science fiction is a popular kind of writing, and many people think of Jules Verne（凡尔纳） as the father of science fiction. He was born in France in 1828. His father wanted him to become a lawyer, but from his early 20s Verne decided to become a writer. At first he wrote plays for the theater. Then, in 1863, he wrote a story called Five Weeks in a Balloon. The success of this book encouraged him to write more stories such as A Journey to the Center of the Earth（1864） and From the Earth to the Moon（1865）. In the 19th century, many people were interested in science and inventions. Jules Verne wrote about scientific subjects in his stories and, as a result, they were very popular. Verne's writing included many predictions（预言）for the 20th century and many of them came true. He described space flight, movies, and air conditioning, a long time before they appeared. These books were very successful and they made Verne rich. Jules Verne's books have been the subjects for many movies. 20, 000 Leagues under the Sea was a successful movie for Walt Disney. It was the first time that Disney movie had used real actors instead of cartoon drawings. Around the World in Eighty Days is another famous movie based on one of Verne's books. The main character is an Englishman called Phileas Fogg. For him, the most important thing is to be always on time! （1）What does the phrase "the father of science fiction" mean? A. The father who has several children. B. The man who loves science and inventions. C. The writer whose father wrote science fiction. D. The man who first started writing science fiction successfully. （2）What encouraged Jules Verne to write more stories? A. The plays he wrote for the theater. B. The encouragement from his father. C. The success of Five Weeks in a Balloon. D. The scientific subjects in his stories. （3）Why were Jules Verne's books very popular in the 19th century? A. Because his books made him rich and famous. B. Because he wrote many plays for the theater at that time. C. Because his books were the subjects for many movies. D. Because many people were interested in science and inventions. （4）Which of the following has the main character called Phileas Fogg? A. Five Weeks in a Balloon. B. Around the World in Eighty Days. C. A Journey to the Center of the Earth. D. From the Earth to the Moon. （5）According to the passage, which of the following is TRUE? A. The space flight Verne described was different from others. B. The main characters in Verne's books are always on time. C. Jules Verne only wrote in the 19th century. D. Many of the predictions in Verne's stories came true.
【英语】中考英语阅读理解测试题及答案经典 一、初三英语阅读理解（含答案详细解析） 1．阅读理解 Radio and television are very popular in the world today. Millions of people watch TV. Perhaps more people listen to the radio. The TV, of course, is more useful than the radio. On TV you can see and hear what is happening in the world. Now the radio is not disappearing. It's still with us. And the number of listeners is becoming larger. One reason for this is the invention of the transistor（晶体管）radio. The transistor radio is sometimes very small. It is very easy to carry. You can put one in your pocket and listen to it on the bus when you go to work. It is better for blind people. Many old people don't have good sight （视力）to watch TV. When people are working，they can't watch TV but they can listen to music or news over the radio. What's more，the radio is much cheaper than the TV. （1）After the television was invented，people ____. A. think it is unnecessary to use the radio B. don't want to use the radio any more C. are still using the radio D. find the radio is disappearing （2）One of the reasons for the larger number of listeners of the radio is that ____. A. the TV was invented B. the transistor radio was invented C. people don't like watching TV D. millions of people watch TV （3）____ listen to the radio more because their sight isn't good enough. A. Children B. Young people C. Old people D. Adults （4）Usually ____ can be used easily while people are moving or working. A. the radio B. the TV C. both the TV and the radio D. neither the radio nor the TV 【答案】（1）C （2）B （3）C （4）A 【解析】【分析】大意：本文讲述收音机和电视机在世界上的很受欢迎，电视与收音机比，电视更有用，然而收音机由于体积小便宜，便于携带，听众也越来越多，深受老年人喜爱。 （1）细节题。根据Perhaps more people listen to the radio.可知，电视发明后，人们依然使用收音机，故选C。 （2）细节题。根据One reason for this is the invention of the transistor（晶体管）radio. 可知，收音机听众的数量更多其中一个原因是晶体管收音机被发明，故选B。 （3）推断题。根据 Many old people don't have good sight（视力）to watch TV.可知，老年人由于视力不好听广播的人更多，故选C。 （4）细节题。根据When people are working，they can't watch TV but they can listen to music or news over the radio.可知，通常人们移动或者工作时可以听收音机，故选A。 【点评】考查阅读理解。细节题和推断题是阅读理解题中常考题型。细节题需要从文中寻
Topic Fifteen Literature and the Arts 文学与艺术话说中考 本话题是文学与艺术，使学生了解我国及世界不同地区的文学与艺术领域的特色、发展及创新等情况，并能尊重和接受不同的文学与艺术。中考阅读理解对本话题考查是通过阅读 小短文理解大意，从短文中分析、整理出文学或艺术的历史、特色、新闻人物、发展创新及 走向。目的是陶冶学生情操，提升文化素养以及培养学生欣赏和发展文学与艺术的能力。这就要求学生在日常生活中多关注当代文学与艺术的发展动向，多涉足文学与艺术领域，亲身去感受文学与艺术的魅力。 走近中考(四川乐山·2018) If you are a teenage boy，and you want to succeed in life，you'd better read this great book．From Boys to Men by an American writer， Michael Gurian，tells teenage boys that they are living through the best years of their lives．There is no reason for them not to love life． You may think that only your body is growing at the moment．But the book says your mind is growing，too．The book tells teenage boys that they need to help their bodies and minds grow．To do this，they should stop spending their time playing computer games and should start playing sports．Sports，the book says，keep you healthy and teach you important life skills．They teach you how to be a leader and how to work as part of a team． The book also tells boys how to love life if they're being bullied(被欺负)．It says boys have to stop being scared(害怕的) of such bullies．It is the only way they can become more successful people． To become the man you want to be，you have to think for yourself and believe in yourself．But，most importantly，the book says，you must always dream of success．Never be happy with what you've got，and always want more．根据短文内容，选择最佳答案。 ( ) 1．From Boys to Men is _______． A．a Chinese magazine
中考英语英语阅读理解复习题(及答案)50 一、英语阅读理解专项练习试卷 1．阅读下列短文，从每题所给的（A、B、C和D）四个选项中选出最佳选项。 When a man was walking by some elephants, he suddenly stopped He wondered why these huge animals were being held only by a small rope tied to their front legs. No chains, no cages. It was clear that the elephants could break the rope at any time, but for sonic reason, they did not. He saw a trainer nearby and asked why the animals just stood there and didn't try to get away. "Well," the trainer said, "when they were very young and much smaller, we used the same rope to keep them from running away. At that age, it's enough to hold them. As they grow up, they are conditioned to believe they cannot break tile rope. They believe it can still hold them, so they never try to break free." The man was surprised. These animals could break flee whenever they wanted, but because they believed they couldn't, they were stuck right where they were. How many of us go through life like the elephants-holding onto the belief that we cannot do something simply because we failed at it once before? Failure is a part of learning. If we failed once, it doesn't mean we can never succeed. If we try again and again, maybe we will succeed one day. So don't be afraid of failure and keep on trying. （1）Why did the elephants never try to break the rope after they grew up? A. Because they liked being tied. B. Because they were too weak to break it. C. Because they didn't want to break it. D. Because they thought they couldn't break it.（2）The underlined word "stuck" in Paragraph 3 means" ". A. left B. caught C. killed D. found （3）What does the writer want to tell us? A. Elephants should be set flee. B. Failure can help us succeed. C. Never let failure stop you from trying again. D. People should look after the elephants well. 【答案】（1）D （2）B （3）C 【解析】【分析】本文主要介绍了一个男人看到大象被绳子绑住了一只脚而不逃走，由此引发对人生的思考。 （1）细节题。根据原文提到了 As they grow up, they are conditioned to believe they cannot break tile rope. They believe it can still hold them, so they never try to break free. 可知大象小时候被绑住，长大了以后依然认为绳子可以拴住他们，故选D。 （2）推断题。根据原文提到了 because they believed they couldn't, 可知他们认为自己已经被这根绳子困住了，故选B。 （3）主旨大意题。根据原文提到了 If we failed once, it doesn't mean we can never succeed. If we try again and again, maybe we will succeed one day. 可知作者想告诉我们永远不要被困难
假设你是B哦，你的同桌感冒了，请你阅读下面这段短文，然后给他写一封关于怎样预防感冒的信，现在已经基本为你写好了。请仔细阅读短文，然后根据短文内容在横线上填上恰当的单词，每条横线不准超过4个单词。 It’s easy for us teenagers to catch cold in winter and spring. But we can do a lot to stay healthy. Here is some advice. \ Wash your hands often, which will stop germs (细菌) passing from one person to another. Don’t use your hands when coughing. Use a tissue (纸巾), and then throw it away at once.Turn your head away from people near you when you are coughing. Get some fresh air. Germs like staying in dry and warm rooms. So you’d better keep your windows open at night when you are sleeping, or you won’t have enough fresh air. If flu (流感) is going round your house or school, you should try to stay away from those who are ill. Boil (煮) your toothbrush for about a minute, which kills germs. Dear Mark, I’m sorry hear that you’ve got a cold. Have you seen the doctor yet? Well, just do as the doctor tells you. It is easy for us to catch cold in such weather. I’ve just read a passage about how to keep away form cold. Now, let me tell you about you about it. First, you should often wash your hands because that can (86) __________________from one to another. Second, when you are coughing, you’d better (87)__________________ and them throw it into a dustbin. Also if you are coughing,near somebody, you should (98) ___________________.Third, when you sleep at night, your windows (99) ___________________so that you can get enough fresh air. And fourth, wherever you are, you should try to stay away from those who got flu. Boil your toothbrush for a while now and then, so that germ (100) _____________________ Hope you will get better soon. Yours Bob Tokyo, London, and New York are among the largest cities in the world. Do you know how big and how old they are? How many famous places are there in these three cities? Well, Tokyo has the biggest number of people. It has 9,000,000 people. London, however, is the largest of the three. It covers 600 square miles. New York is almost as large. London is also much older than either Tokyo or New York. It is over 1,600 years old. Tokyo is the second oldest; it really began in 1457. New York is the youngest. Today there are many famous places in these three cities. The TV tower in Tokyo is over 1,000feet high. The two most important theatre districts in the world are in London and New York. Hundreds and thousands of visitors from foreign countries are visiting each of the three cities every day. All the three cities are playing an important role in the word affairs 56.Maybe there are_______ people in the city of London. A.9,000,000 B.8,000,000 C.9,300,000 D.10,000,000 57. New York is almost as large as________. A. London B. Tokyo C. Beijing D. Paris
中考英语阅读理解练习题（word）1 一、初三英语阅读理解（含答案详细解析） 1．阅读理解 Science fiction is a popular kind of writing, and many people think of Jules Verne（凡尔纳） as the father of science fiction. He was born in France in 1828. His father wanted him to become a lawyer, but from his early 20s Verne decided to become a writer. At first he wrote plays for the theater. Then, in 1863, he wrote a story called Five Weeks in a Balloon. The success of this book encouraged him to write more stories such as A Journey to the Center of the Earth（1864） and From the Earth to the Moon（1865）. In the 19th century, many people were interested in science and inventions. Jules Verne wrote about scientific subjects in his stories and, as a result, they were very popular. Verne's writing included many predictions（预言）for the 20th century and many of them came true. He described space flight, movies, and air conditioning, a long time before they appeared. These books were very successful and they made Verne rich. Jules Verne's books have been the subjects for many movies. 20, 000 Leagues under the Sea was a successful movie for Walt Disney. It was the first time that Disney movie had used real actors instead of cartoon drawings. Around the World in Eighty Days is another famous movie based on one of Verne's books. The main character is an Englishman called Phileas Fogg. For him, the most important thing is to be always on time! （1）What does the phrase "the father of science fiction" mean? A. The father who has several children. B. The man who loves science and inventions. C. The writer whose father wrote science fiction. D. The man who first started writing science fiction successfully. （2）What encouraged Jules Verne to write more stories? A. The plays he wrote for the theater. B. The encouragement from his father. C. The success of Five Weeks in a Balloon. D. The scientific subjects in his stories. （3）Why were Jules Verne's books very popular in the 19th century? A. Because his books made him rich and famous. B. Because he wrote many plays for the theater at that time. C. Because his books were the subjects for many movies. D. Because many people were interested in science and inventions. （4）Which of the following has the main character called Phileas Fogg? A. Five Weeks in a Balloon. B. Around the World in Eighty Days. C. A Journey to the Center of the Earth. D. From the Earth to the Moon. （5）According to the passage, which of the following is TRUE? A. The space flight Verne described was different from others. B. The main characters in Verne's books are always on time. C. Jules Verne only wrote in the 19th century. D. Many of the predictions in Verne's stories came true.