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Book 3 Unit 1Festivals around the
Ⅰ.语境填词
1．It is ________ (明显的) that you should ________ (道歉) to the old man.
2．On their ________ (到达) in London，a ________ (celebrate) was held by their friends to welcome them.
3．The people in that country held the ________ (believe) that they would gain ________________ (独立) at last.
4．The __________ (愚人) got lost in the forest and ________ (饿死) to death.
5．These young men look very ________ (充满活力的)．They often ________ (聚集) to climb mountains.
2．She ____________________ to visit him regularly.
3．We all ________________ while the teacher read the exam results.
4．They ________________ in ancient customs for the fancy-dress ball.
5．The children ________________________ their teacher on April Fool’s Day.
6．The children were ________ so much ________________ each other that I hated to call them inside.
Ⅲ.完成句子
1．那个小男孩打算将来当一名医生。
That little boy ______________________________ in the future.
2．被许多年轻人所了解的那位歌手将来我们市了。
The singer，________________________________，is coming to our city.
3．很明显他们没有和平的诚意。
________________ they had no desire for peace.
4．他在美国的时候研究医学。
________________________ he studied medicine.
5．想到他可能会错过火车，他就打了出租车。
________________________________________，he took a taxi.
Ⅳ.单项填空
1．In the school，some fans even don’t know the ________ of jazz.
A．origin B．original
C．discovery D．resource
2．The leaders of the factory should apologize ________ the villagers ________ the water pollution.
A．for；to B．to；for
C．to；to D．for；for
3．On her 60th birthday ________，the president made an important speech to the whole nation.
A．congratulations B．celebrations
C．challenges D．corporations
4．Don’t ________ what the man says.Work hard and ________ yourself，and you’ll succeed one day.
A．believe in；believe in B．believe；believe
C．believe；believe in D．believe in；believe
5．She said she wouldn’t do it，and she did keep her ________.
A．words B．word
C．saying D．speech
6．He walked slowly ________ he had hurt his leg.
A．as though B．even though
C．even if D．as to
7．The old man’s poor heart condition makes him ________ breath.
A．short of B．full of
C．short in D．filled with
8．________ I was shopping in the supermarket，I came across an old friend of mine.
A．As soon as B．Since
C．While D．Unless
9．________ is true ________ the manager’s daughter was injured in the accident.
A．It；that B．As；that
C．What；as D．That；that
10．________ to reach them on the phone，we sent an email instead.
A．Fail B．Failed
C．To fail D．Having failed
1．trick n．诡计，恶作剧；窍门；vt.欺骗，诈骗
【归纳拓展】
play a trick/tricks on/upon sb.捉弄某人
be up to one’s old tricks故伎重演
trick sb.into doing sth.哄骗某人去做某事
trick sb.out of sth.骗取某人某物
Some politicians often use this trick.(2008·全国Ⅱ，阅读理解C)
一些政客常用这个伎俩。
【活学活用】
(1)Watch out for Joe；for he is up to ____________________ again.
小心乔，他又要耍旧花招了。
(2)The girls ________________________________ their teacher.
这些女孩子总是捉弄她们的老师。
(3)They had earned a lot of money together，so her partner tried to trick her________ her share.
A．into B．on C．out of D．for
2．remind vt.提醒；使想起
【归纳拓展】
remind sb.to do sth.提醒某人做某事
remind sb.of...提醒某人……；使某人想起……
remind sb.that...提醒某人……
She reminded me that I hadn’t written to mother.
她提醒我还没给母亲写信。
【活学活用】
(1)That ________________________ the happy days I had spent there.
那件事使我想起我在那里度过的快乐日子。
(2)The sight of the clock________ me that I was twenty minutes late for the interview.
A．informed B．noticed C．reminded D．suggested
3．admire vt.钦佩；羡慕；赞美
________ n．钦佩；羡慕
________ adj.可钦佩的
【归纳拓展】
admire sb.for sth.因某事钦佩某人
admire sb.as...钦佩某人是……
express admiration of表示赞美、夸奖
Fight in the snow with your kids，walk beside a stream or climb to a high place and admire the view.(2009·上海，阅读理解B)
和你的孩子们在雪地里打雪仗，在小溪边散步，或者爬上高地去欣赏风景(都是一种乐趣)。
【活学活用】
(1)I have to ________________________ her persistence.
我不得不佩服王楠那种坚韧的精神。
(2)The school is widely ________________ its excellent teaching.
这所学校教学优秀，远近称誉。
(3)We ________ the old scientist ________ his contributions ________ the country.
(2011·天水调研) A．admire；for；to B．admire；at；to
C．respect；on；for D．respect；on；at
4．apologize v．道歉
________ n．道歉
【归纳拓展】
apologize to sb.for sth.因为某事向某人道歉
apologize to sb.that...向某人道歉……
make an apology to sb.for sth.因某事向某人道歉
owe/give/offer sb.an apology应向某人道歉
The fact that she never apologizes says a lot about what kind of person she is.(2008·山东，28) 她从不道歉这个事实就清楚地表明了她是一个什么样的人。
【活学活用】
(1)________________________ what I said—it was a fair comment.
我没有为自己说过的话道歉，我的评论是公正的。
(2)I apologized ________________________ her foot.我因踩了她的脚而向她道歉。
(3)—Have you made an apology ____________ him ________ breaking his MP5?
—Yes，I did yesterday.(2010·黄冈统考)
A．for；to B．to；to
C．for；for D．to；for
5.in memory of纪念；追念
【归纳拓展】
have a good/poor memory for...对……记忆力好/差
in search of寻找
in honor of为表达敬意
in favor of支持
She has a good memory for dates.
她对日期有很好的记忆力。
【活学活用】
(1)The committee came out ________________ the minister’s proposals.
委员会决定支持部长的建议。
(2)They started off at once________ the missing girl.
A ．in praise of
B ．in search of
C ．in favor of
D ．in place of
6．turn up 出现，到场；调高(音量)
【归纳拓展】
turn away 不准进入；拒绝；打发走
turn down 拒绝；(声音等)调小
turn out 生产，制造；证明是；结果是
as it turned out 果然如此
She turned up at the doorstep of my house in Cornwall.(2010·北京，阅读理解A)
她出现在我在康沃尔的家门口了。
【活学活用】
(1)The hall was full ，and hundreds of fans had to ________________________.
大厅内挤满了人，数百名歌迷不得不被拒之门外。
(2)—What are you reading ，Tom?
—I’m not really reading ，just________ the pages.(2011·平凉月考)
A ．turning off
B ．turning around
C ．turning over
D ．turning up
7．hold one’s breath 屏息；屏气
【归纳拓展】
take/draw a deep breath 深呼吸
out of breath 气喘吁吁
catch one ’s breath 屏息；歇口气
in the same breath 同时；异口同声地
Alice held her breath.In the soft light inside the car ，something moved.
(2010·江西，完形填空)
艾丽斯屏住呼吸。在车内柔和的光线中，有东西在动。
【活学活用】
(1)We ______________________ while Mr.Evans read the exam results.
埃文斯先生宣读考试成绩时，我们都屏息静听。
(2)When he dashed back ，he was already ________________.
当他冲回来时，已经是上气不接下气了。
(3)Eric came running into the room ，________.
A ．out of breath
B ．under his breath
C ．in the same breath
D ．taking a deep breath
8．have fun 玩得开心，作乐，玩乐
【归纳拓展】
for/in fun ＝out of fun 开玩笑地，不是认真的
?
??make fun of https://www.doczj.com/doc/0d10628317.html,ugh at 嘲弄，取笑 ??
???have fun enjoy oneself have a good time 玩得开心
(1)I’m not saying it for/in fun.
我讲这话不是开玩笑的。
(1)So don’t feel sorry for the disabled or make fun of them.
因此不要可怜残疾人，或者取笑他们。
【活学活用】
(1)For me it was like a holiday because we were going to ________________ all day long.(2010·重庆，阅读理解B)
对我来说，这就像一个假期，因为我们打算高高兴兴地玩一整天。
(2)—We will go to Beijing for our holidays next week.
—________
A．Go ahead，please. B．Have fun. C．Good luck. D．Help yourself.
9．Some festivals are held to honour the dead or satisfy the ancestors，who might return either to help or to do harm.
译文___________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________ 句式提取：either...or...
either...or...连接句子中两个并列的成分，意为“或者……或者……；不是……就是……”；若连接两个主语时，其谓语动词应与最近的一个主语在人称和数上保持一致，即取“就近原则”。
【活学活用】
(1)When the girl is happy，she ____________________.那个女孩高兴时，不是唱就是跳。
(2)________________________ going there tomorrow.明天要么你去那里，要么我去那里。
(3)It is ____________________ by the gases in the upper atmosphere.
(2008·江苏，阅读理解B) 它要么被大气层上部的空气反射要么被吸收。
(4)I’m either to be given a chance or________ there.(2010·长春统考)
A．go B．going
C．to go D．gone
10．It was obvious that the manager of the coffee shop was waiting for Li Fang to leave...译文___________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________ 句式提取：It is＋adj./n.＋that从句
句式中的it是形式主语，真正的主语是that引导的从句。
常用于这一句式的形容词：possible，strange，natural，important...
常用于这一句式的名词：a pity，a fact，an idea，an honour，no wonder...
当形容词为important/necessary/possible/better/best等，名词为suggestion/advice/proposal 时，that从句的谓语动词常用should＋动词原形，而should可以省略。
【活学活用】
(1)________________ that he will live to 90.
他一定能活到90岁。
(2)______________ that we will go skating this Sunday.本周日我们去滑冰，这是个好主意。
(3)________________________ we (should) master at least one foreign language.
我们有必要掌握至少一门外语。
(4)—Things in the market are getting more expensive now.
—It’s________ that the prices will continue to________.(2011·拉萨统考)
A．certain；rise up B．certain；go up
C．sure；raise D．sure；be raised up
[写作句型公式]
1．There be句型：There seems to be，There happens to be，There used to be，There is likely to be，There have been/has been等。
There seems/appears to be much hope of our team winning the match.
我们队赢得比赛好像有很大希望。
2．There be句型的独立主格结构作状语。
There being no buses，we had to walk home.
＝Because there were no buses，we had to walk home.
由于没有公交车，我们不得不走着回家。
3．There be句型的非谓语形式。
It is common for there to be a generation gap between parents and children.
孩子和家长之间存在代沟是普遍现象。
What is the chance of there being a general election this year?
今年举行大选的可能性有多大？
[日常交际用语]
21．absolutely：to say that you completely agree with someone正是；当然
Oh，yes，absolutely！I think it’s a great idea.
噢，当然！我看这绝对是个好主意。
22．as you see it：according to someone’s opinion of a situation
依某人的观点
As they see it，I’m the one to blame.
他们认为该被怪罪的是我。
答案
课前准备区
Ⅰ.1.obvious；apologize 2.arrival；celebration
3．belief；independence 4.fool；starved 5.energetic；gather
Ⅱ.1.looking forward to 2.kept her word 3.held our breath 4.dressed up
5.played a trick on
6.having；fun with
Ⅲ.1.is meant to be a doctor 2.known by many young people 3.It was obvious
4.While he was in America
5.Thinking that he might miss the train
Ⅳ.1.A[origin意为“起源”，符合句意。]
2．B[apologize to sb.for sth.意为“因某事向某人道歉”。]
3．B[celebrations在本句中的意思为“庆祝活动”。]
4．C[believe sb./what sb.say(s)意为“相信某人/某人的话”；而believe in为“信赖，信任”之意。]
5．B[keep one’s word为固定搭配，意为“守信用”。]
6．A[as though意为“好像，仿佛”。]
7．A[short of breath呼吸急促，喘不过气来。]
8．C[while引导状语从句，意为“正当……的时候”。]
9．A[本句为it用作形式主语句型，真正的主语为that引导的主语从句。]
10．D[考查非谓语动词，having failed是现在分词的完成式，表主动。]
课堂活动区
1．活学活用
(1)his old tricks
(2)were always playing tricks on
(3)C[句意为：他们在一起挣了很多钱，因此她的同伴试图骗取她的份额。trick sb.out of sth.骗取某人某物。]
2．活学活用
(1)reminded me of
(2)C[此处意为“表提醒我，面试我迟到了20分钟”；remind sb.that...提醒某人……。]
3．admiration；admirable
活学活用
(1)admire Wang Nan for
(2)admired for
(3)A[admire sb.for sth.因某物羡慕某人；contribution后用介词to。故选A项。]
4．apology
活学活用
(1)I made no apology for
(2)to her for stepping on
(3)D[make an apology to sb.for doing sth.因做某事向某人道歉，为固定用法。]
5．活学活用
(1)in favour of
(2)B[由the missing girl“失踪的女孩”可知，应选in search of“寻找”。]
6．活学活用
(1)be turned away
(2)C[由语境可知，下句句意为：我不是在真的阅读，只是在随便翻翻。turn over翻转，符合句意。]
7．活学活用
(1)held our breath
(2)out of breath
(3)A[由前面running into the room可知，应是“气喘吁吁”，故选A项，介词短语作状语。]
8．活学活用
(1)have fun
(2)B[Have fun.祝你玩得开心。常用于口语，向对方的娱乐活动表示祝愿。]
9．有些节日，是为了纪念死者，或者使祖先得到满足，因为祖先们有可能回到世上(给
人们)提供帮助，也有可能带来危害。
活学活用
(1)either sings or dances
(2)Either you or I am
(3)either reflected or absorbed
(4)C[either...or连接两个并列成分，either后为不定式，or后也应是不定式。]
10．很明显，咖啡店的经理在等李芳离开……
活学活用
(1)It’s certain
(2)It’s a good idea
(3)It is necessary that
(4)B[sure的主语必须是人，故排除C、D两项，且rise＝go up，故选B项。]
课时规范训练
Ⅰ.单项填空(建议用时8′)
1．A growing anxiety is disturbing the public________ the economy will continuously decline.
A．which B．that C．why D．where
2．This book tells ________ life story of John Smith，who left ________ school and worked for a newspaper at the age of 16.(2011·黄冈模拟)
A．the；the B．a；the
C．the；/ D．a；/
3．________ tricks________ others is something we should never do.
A．Play；on B．Playing；on
C．Take；of D．Taking；of
4．—Excuse me，could you tell me where I could make a call?
—Sorry，I’m a stranger here.
—________.
A．Thanks a lot
B．That’s a pity
C．Thanks anyway
D．I’m sorry to hear that
5．The story________ me of an experience I once had in the forest.(2011·青岛模拟)
A．mentioned B．informed
C．reminded D．recalled
6．I ________ her，but I never could.
A．ought to help
B．must help
C．must have helped
D．ought to have helped
7．After she made herself up，she ________ herself in the mirror.(2011·东营调研)
A．found B．admired C．showed D．enjoyed
8．I owe her an apology ________ what I said yesterday.
A．for B．to C．of D．with
9．This is a book________ the construction workers.
A．in need of B．in praise of
C．in case of D．in search of
10．None of us expected the chairman to________ at the party.We thought he was still in hospital.
A．turn in B．turn over
C．turn up D．turn down
11．Jack________ and then dived into the water.
A．held his breath B．took a deep breath
C．caught his breath D．was out of breath
12．This is not a match.We’re playing chess just for________.
A．habit B．hobby C．fun D．game
13．________ worries me is the way he keeps changing his mind.
A．This B．That C．What D．It
14．In some parts of London，missing a bus means________ for another hour.
(2010·威海统考) A．waiting B．to wait C．wait D．to be waiting
15．She looks forward every spring to________ the flower-lined garden.
A．visit B．paying a visit
C．walk in D．walking in
Ⅱ.完形填空(建议用时17′)
It is a very interesting story that I heard.
A young man longing to __16__ the beautiful daughter of a farm owner came one day to the __17__ to make the proposal(求婚)．
The farm owner looked at him __18__，saying，“All right.Let’s go to my pasture(牧场)．I’ll __19__ three bulls one by one.If you can catch any one’s __20__，you’re qualified to marry my daughter.”
Then they came together to the pasture.The young man stood waiting __21__ for the first bull to appear.A few minutes later the cattle shed(牛棚) opened and a bull rushed out __22__ him.It was the largest and ugliest bull he had ever seen.He thought maybe the __23__ one would be better，so he stepped aside to let it __24__ the pasture to the back gate of the shed.
The shed __25__ again and the second bull came rushing out.It was not only very big but also unusually __26__.It stood with its hoofs (蹄子) kicking and its throat muttering (咕噜)．“How terrible it is! The next cannot be as __27__ as this.” He was so scared that he hurried to __28__ behind the railings (栏杆)．It rushed away to the back gate.
Soon afterwards，the shed opened for the third bull to come out.__29__ it，the young man became very happy.It was not only small in __30__ but also thin and weak in strength—the __31__ type of a bull for him.When it rushed toward him he was ready to __32__.With a jump he stretched his hands to catch its tail but __33__ —it simply had no tail at all.
It goes without saying that the young man __34__ to marry the farmer’s beautiful daughter.He had been given __35__，but they had all gone in a flash.(2011·济南模拟)
16．A.meet B．know C．date D．marry
17．A.farm B．village C．town D．country 18．A.up and down B．here and there
C．again and again D．little by little
19．A.set out B．give out C．let out D．take out 20．A.head B．leg C．body D．tail
21．A.anxiously B．sadly C．happily D．patiently 22．A.from B．over C．upon D．toward 23．https://www.doczj.com/doc/0d10628317.html,st B．next C．other D．another 24．A.cross B．pass C．leave D．enter
25．A.closed B．locked C．opened D．turned
26．A.fierce B．gentle C．lovely D．cruel
27．A.exciting B．surprising C．frightening D．amazing 28．A.fall B．sit C．wait D．hide
29．A.Looking at B．Seeing C．Watching D．Observing 30．A.size B．length C．weight D．number 31．A.just B．very C．only D．quite
32．A.act B．behave C．run D．perform 33．A.in astonishment B．in ange C．in trouble D．in vain
34．A.tried B．decided C．failed D．managed 35．A.luck B．chances C．bulls D．time
Ⅲ.阅读理解(建议用时8′)
Bedford Castle: The Home of Bedfordshire Royalty
Bedfordshire had its fair share of royal visits from the early stages of the 10th century onwards and the importance that the county placed on this is evident in the monuments，country houses，churches and any number of other structures that are still present there to this day.Bedford Castle is one of those structures and，although it is nowhere near its former glory today，it is an essential attraction to visit if you really want to grasp what its heritage means to the county!
Bedford Castle was built initially as a fortress (要塞) to help protect Bedfordshire on the south of the River Ouse after the people in the local towns and villages had already been subdued.It was built in 919 on the orders of King Edward the Elder，although it was destroyed by a Danish invasion years later.This was when it was rebuilt as the castle，of which the ruins exist today!
There is a long history behind the castle that involves several kings as a result of the Duke of Bedford being a devoted royalist (保皇党)．Bedford Castle repeatedly offered the kings of England refuge (避难所) against various storms in the form of attacks from abroad and various domestic threats against them，and this is where much of its fame lies，even though the castle itself is no longer there.There are various tours of the ruins that you can take when you visit though and all of the guides are extremely knowledgeable.They will happily tell you tales of the mound and the castle that preceded (先于) it.
The mound is open to the public all year round and is a proud part of the area’s heritage.It is recommended that the majority of people should visit Bedfordshire because it tells you much about why the county is currently how it is.You can view the river from the mound and the surrounding settlements as well as the remains of the castle，and every moment spent there is worth it，so enjoy the history and the very nature of the county itself!
36．What do we know from the first paragraph?
A．The royals pay regular visits to Bedfordshire.
B．Bedfordshire has a history of about 10 centuries.
C．Most of the ancient buildings are in use today.
D．Bedford Castle represents the heritage in the county.
37．The underlined word “initially” in Paragraph 2 probably means ________.
A．first of all
B．at the beginning
C．for one particular purpose
D．for a short time
38．The kings of England came to Bedford Castle ________.
A．to seek temporary protection
B．to visit the Duke of Bedford
C．to enjoy the beauty of nature
D．to escape from the bad weather
39．Why are visitors recommended to visit Bedfordshire?
A．It is the major heritage in that region.
B．It reflects the history of Bedfordshire.
C．The ancient castle is well worth visiting.
D．The castle is still in good condition.
40．The purpose of writing the text is ________.
A．to introduce Bedford Castle
B．to tell the history of Bedfordshire
C．to attract tourists to Bedfordshire
D．to show where the kings used to go
答案
Ⅰ.单项填空
1．B[考查名词性从句。that在句中引导同位语从句与前面的anxiety构成同位语，解释说明前面的anxiety的内容。]
2．C[前一空表特指，故用定冠词；leave school意思是“离校，毕业”，不用冠词。] 3．B[play tricks on...固定搭配，此处为动名词短语作主语。]
4．C
5．C[remind sb.of sth.使某人想起某事。]
6．D[ought to have done本应该做某事而没有做。]
7．B[admire oneself in the mirror照镜子，为固定搭配。]
8．A[为……而向某人道歉，用for。]
9．B[in praise of赞美。]
10．C[turn up出现。]
11．B[由常识可知，跳水前应是先做“深呼吸”，故选B项。]
12．C[for fun娱乐；不是认真的。]
13．C[what worries me为主语从句，且what在从句中作主语。]
14．A[mean to do sth.打算做某事；mean doing sth.意味着……。]
15．D[look forward to中的to是介词，后用动名词形式；pay a visit后应加to。]得分策略
得分点10：辨清分隔问题，避免误选失分
[经典例题]The chance came last year ________I could go to visit China with my parents.
A．that B．when
C．which D．where
错因分析有些考生把空格后面的句子看作定语从句，从而误选B。其实，后面的句子是主语“The chance”的同位语，因此正确答案选A。
[得分笔记]在英语中，主语部分太长，而谓语部分较短时，为了避免“头重脚轻”的现象，将主语中的修饰部分移到谓语部分之后，从而使句子平衡。本句的正常语序是“The chance that I could go to visit China with my parents came last year.”。
Ⅱ.完形填空
16．D[从下文的make the proposal可知，这个年轻人想要娶(marry)农场主漂亮的女儿。]
17．A[从常识可知，农场主的女儿肯定生活在farm(农场)。]
18．A[农场主上下(up and down)打量这个年轻人。]
19．C[农场主告诉年轻人他会一头一头地放出(let out)三头公牛，只要年轻人能抓住任何一头牛的尾巴，他就把女儿嫁给她。]
20．D[从33空所在句子可知，年轻人要抓的是牛尾巴，故用tail。]
21．A[根据上下文可知，年轻人焦急地(anxiously)等着第一头公牛的出现。]
22．D[几分钟后，一头牛朝他冲过来，介词用to/toward。]
23．B[这是他见过的最大、最丑的一头牛。年轻人想下一头可能会好点儿。这里the next one表示“下一头牛”。]
24．A[年轻人不去抓第一头牛，让它穿过(cross)牧场。]
25．C[根据上文判断，第一头牛过去了，第二头牛要出来，牛棚肯定又要开了，用opened。]
26．A[但第二头牛又高大又凶猛(fierce)。]
27．C[年轻人想第二头牛真是太可怕了，下一头(第三头)应该不会这么可怕(frightening)。]
28．D[他害怕得匆忙躲(hide)在了栏杆后面。]
29．B[很快第三头牛出来了，看到(seeing)它，年轻人很高兴。]
30．A[这头牛不仅体型小，而且力气小。与前面两头牛相比，第三头牛体型小，故用size“大小”。]
31．B[此处very是形容词，“the very＋名词”表示强调，意为“正是……”。这里指正是适合他的牛。]
32．A[牛冲过来时，年轻人准备行动了。act采取行动。]
33．D[但他没有抓住尾巴，因为这头牛没有尾巴，一切都是徒劳。in vain徒劳地。] 34．C[fail to do sth.没能做到某事。]
35．B[给了他机会(chances)，他没有抓住，机会稍纵即逝。]
得分策略
做完形填空题时应从哪几个方面来考虑，平时练习需要注意什么？
完形填空题主要从四个方面设空：词法：主要考查考生对词义辨析、各种词的搭配及习惯用法的掌握程度；句法：主要考查考生对所学基本语法的掌握程度及运用能力；行文逻辑：主要考查考生把握上下文逻辑关系及整体阅读的能力；文章主旨：主要考查考生理解文章的表层含义及深层含义的能力。
[经典例题]
A young man was getting ready to graduate from college.For many months he had 36(admired) a beautiful sports car in a dealer’s showroom，and 37(knowing) his father could well 38(afford) it，he told him that was all he wanted.
On the morning of his graduation day his father called him into his own study and told him how 39(proud)he was to have such a fine son.He handed his son a beautiful gift box.__40__ but slightly disappointed，the young man 41(opened) the box and found a lovely book.
40．A.Nervous B．Serious C．Careful D．Curious
答案解析D考查行文逻辑。文章第一段提到年轻人希望得到“a beautiful sports car”，但父亲把他叫到书房却给了他一个漂亮的礼盒，因此这里表示他感到“好奇但又有点失望”。nervous焦虑的；serious严肃的；careful精心的，均不符合行文逻辑。
Ⅲ.阅读理解
36．D[细节理解题。根据第一段的最后一句话可知，参观贝德福德城堡可以使我们了解贝德福德郡的遗产对该郡意味着什么。由此可见，贝德福德城堡是该郡遗产的主要代表。]
37．B[词义猜测题。根据第二段可知，King Edward the Elder下令建造Bedford Castle，起初它是作为军事要塞用的，后来被丹麦入侵者毁掉了。画线单词initially意为“起初，开始”，故选B项。]
38．A[推理判断题。根据第三段可知，在历史上，贝德福德公爵是忠心耿耿的保皇党，所以，每当国王遭到来自国内外敌人的攻击时，他们都会来到贝德福德城堡寻求庇护。] 39．B[推理判断题。根据最后一段的第二句可知，人们被推荐参观贝德福德郡，因为它可以使游客了解当地的历史。]
40．A[写作意图题。根据全文内容可知，文章的写作目的是介绍英国贝德福德郡的一个古代城堡遗址：贝德福德城堡。]
得分策略
在阅读理解中遇到词义猜测题，如何进行猜测？(二) 2．掌握并利用构词法知识进行猜测
合成法：合成词是由两个或两个以上的单词构成的。遇到这类生词时可根据合成法来猜测词义。英语的合成词有合成形容词、合成名词、合成动词等。
派生法：即在词根的基础上加上前缀、后缀，便可构成另一单词。只要掌握了词根和前后缀的意义，就可猜测出它们组成的新词的词义。
转化法：指词类的互相转化，如名词转化为动词、形容词转化为动词、动词转化为名词。如better是good或well的比较级形式，意为“较好的”，而转化为动词后则意为“改善”。
2011-2012学年度第一学期高三年级 英语试题 第一部分英语知识运用(共四节,满分55分) 第一节语音知识(共5小题,每小题1分,满分5分) 从每小题的A、B、C、D四个选项中,找出所给单词的正确读音,并在答题卡上将该选项涂黑。、 1. loose A. present B. usual C. usage D. rose 2. south A. courage B. soup C. southern D. trousers 3. official A. concert B. ocean C. coast D. century 4. steam A. hear B. nearly C. mean D. heart 5．judge A．museum B. husband C．true D. huge 第二节情景对话(共5小题,每小题1分,满分5分) 根据对话情景和内容,从对话后所给的选项中选出能填入每一空白处的最佳选项,并在答题卡上将该选项涂黑.选项中有两个为多余选项。 A: Any good news? B: Not really. 6 So I was left behind after school yesterday. A: 7 B: Sometimes I do. The day before yesterday, I was quiet in my history class but I still had to stay after school. A: 8 B: Because I fell asleep. But it wasn’t m y fault. 9 A: I advise you to take school more seriously. If you don’t pass your exam, you will have to drop out and work as a result; B: 10 If I have a job, I have to do dull work every day. But now I am in school, I must listen to dull teachers every day. A: Something must be wrong with you. Go to the psychologist first. A: You are lazy. B: I don’t understand. C: You made your teacher angry. D: Better keep quiet in class. E: The lesson is dull. F: I don’t think it makes much difference. G: I was talking without being asked in class. 第三节语法和词汇知识(共15小题,每小题1分,满分15分) 从每小题的A、B、C、D四个选项中,选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项,并在答题卡上将该选项涂黑。 11.The CEO needs an assistant with ____ little knowledge of German and ___ experience in administrative management. A. the, an B.the, / C. a, an D. a, / 12. Many houses were destroyed in the heavy rain. They should get them _____. A. to repair B. repaired C. repairing D. repair 13. Allow children to voice their opinions, ____ they are different from your own.
Chapter 1 Transforming Mars 单元目标 1．了解人类与地球环境的关系，并能促进学生的环保意识。 2．了解人类赖以生存的条件，引起学生保护环境的热情，通过写倡议书的形式来表达出来。3．连系动词和将来完成时的使用。 Uint 1 要点精讲 1．atmosphere 大气 (某特定场所的)空气 The atmosphere of the city is very much polluted. 那个城市的空气受到严重污染。 气氛 The talk was conducted in a cordial atmosphere. 会谈是在热情友好的气氛中进行的。 2．breathable 形容词，可以吸入的 3．construct 及物动词vt. 建造,构成[(+from/of/out of)] It took them two years to construct the bridge. 他们用了两年时间建这座桥。 创立(学说等)；构(词)；造(句) He constructed a theory in collaboration with his colleagues. 他与同事合作创立了一种学说。 4．convert 及物动词vt. 转变,变换[(+to/into)] They converted the garage into a theater. 他们将车库改成戏院。 使皈依；使改变信仰[(+from/to)] The priest converted many natives into Christianity. 这个牧师使许多土著居民改信基督教。 5．expedition 名词n. 远征；探险；考察[C] They did an expedition to the Himalayas. 他们到喜马拉雅山去考察了一次。 远征队；探险队；考察队[C] He was on an expedition to explore the Antarctic.
高三英语复习情景交际培优题(附答案) 一、单项选择情景交际 1．—How do you find the traditional food in Tianjin Ancient Culture Street? —_______. A．It's up to you B．Can't be better C．It was easy to find D．You got it 【答案】B 【解析】 【详解】 考查交际用语。句意：——你觉得天津古文化街的传统食物怎么样？——再好不过了。A. It's up to you这取决于你；B. Can't be better再好不过了；C. It was easy to find很容易找到； D. You got it你理解了。How do you find sth./sb.?询问某人对某物/人的看法,译作“你认为……怎么样?”，B项“再好不过了”是评价。故选B。 2．---Hi, Bob! Thanks a lot for lending me the money! ---____! Oh, by the way the interest rate is 10%. A．With regards B．With pleasure C．No sweat D．No way 【答案】C 【解析】 【详解】 考查交际用语。——嗨，鲍伯！——谢谢你借我钱！——没关系，哦，顺便提醒一下利率是10%。A. With regards致以问候；B. With pleasure好的；没问题；C. No sweat没关系；D. No way绝不。注意with pleasure 用以对还没做的事情的回答。故选B 。 3．-Have you seen this film? It shows friendship, love and help. -______I was deeply moved. A．I'm the top dog B．It's my cup of tea C．I have green fingers D．It's a piece of cake 【答案】B 【解析】 【详解】 考查情景对话。句意：---你看过这部电影吗？它显示了友谊、爱和帮助。----这是我喜欢的一类，我深深地感动了。A. I'm the top dog我是大人物；B. It's my cup of tea这是我喜欢的,符合我的胃口；C. I have green fingers我是园艺能手；D. It's a piece of cake小菜一碟，轻松的事。分析句子可知，本题后一句“我被打动了”，可知我喜欢，故选B。 4．If the boss is angry when he comes in， don't tell him about the customer's complaints． You'll just be _________． A．killing the fatted calf B．seeing the handwriting on the wall C．hitting your own feet of clay
高三英语期末考试 姓名：班级：得分： 一、单项填空（共15小题，15分） 1．Half _______hour later，we got around together singing and dancing．A．the B．a C．an D．X 2．It is very difficult _______ him to do so much work． A．of B．to C．with D．for 3．Our school is becoming _______． A．more and more better B．better and better C．more better D．more good 4．It is five years he _______ to learn English． A．begins B．began C．had begun D．was beginning 5．________ more time，we are sure to finish the task in time． A．Given B．To give C．Giving D．Give 6．________ he comes to the school，I shall call you up． A．If B．Whether C．While D．Though 7．This pair of shoes ________ repairing． A．needs B．need C．must D．should 8．There are many students surrounding the bus，most of _______ are girls．A．them B．which C．who D．whom 9．I had some medicine，________ it hasn’t done much good up to now．A．but B．so C．or D．for 10．The television ________．It’s working again now． A．is being repaired B．has repaired C．has been repaired D．is repairing 11．I was walking down the street ________ someone stepped in front of me． A．though B．when C．if D．because 12．He always thinks of ________ he can do more for others． A．why B．what C．that D．how 13．If the phone ________，can you answer it? A．will ring B．rang C．rings D．is ringing 14．The moment I got to the station，I found the train ________．A．left B has left C．had left D．leaves 15．I ________ my neighbor that we should remove the fence between the gardens． A．agreed with B．agreed to C．agreed about D．agreed on 二、完形填空（共15小题；30分） 阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，然后从各题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳选项。 A certain student passed all his examinations．Then he went to college to continue his studies．There he wrote down his name for a course(课程) in English，but after the first 16 ，he didn’t go to it any more． The English lecturer(讲师) 17 this student was always absent（缺席的）and thought he had changed to another course，so he was 18 when he saw the boy’s name on the 1ist of students who wanted to take(参加) the English 19 at the end of this year． The lecturer had 20 a difficult paper，which followed his lectures closely，and he was eager（热切的）to see 21 this student would answer the questions．He expected the boy’s answers would be very bad，but when they 22 him and he examined them 23 ，he was able to find only one small mistake in them．As this surprised him greatly，he 24 the paper repeatedly but still couldn’t find more than one mistake，so he 25 for the student to question him about it． When he came and sat down，the lecturer asked him，“I 26 you came to
2017-2018 学年度第一学期期末考试试题 高三年级英语学科试卷 （考试时间100 分钟满分120 分） 本试卷共10 页。考生务必将答案答在答题卡上，在试卷上作答无效。 第一部分：知识运用（共两节，45 分）第一节单项填空（共15小题；每小题1分, 共15分）从每题所给的A 、B、C、D 四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。例：It ' s so nice to hear from her again_. __ , we last met more than thirty years ago. A. What ' s more B. That ' s to say C. In other words D. Believe it or not 答案是D 。 1. These fresh vegetables are easy to rot so you ____ eat them within two days. A. might B. should C. can D. would 2. ____ the pictures on the screen more clearly, they moved to the front row. A. To watch B. Watching C. Watched D. Having watched 3. He missed the worst of the traffic this morning, ____ he set out before 6 o 'clock. A. but B. so C. for D. or 4. - Did you have to do much for the dinner party? -No, Tina ______ everything by the time I got home. A. has finished B. had finished C. would finish D. will finish 5. Two blocks beyond the school is a field _____ we often played football during childhood. A. who B. which C. when D. where 6. My parents graduated from this university; that '__s ___ I insisted on applying for it. A. which B. why C. what D. where 7. - Why are you buying a new refrigerator? The old one _____ so many times that it 'snot worth it any more. A. has repaired B. is repaired C. has been repaired D. has been repairing 8. A child should be receiving either meat or eggs daily, preferably ____ . A. neither B. none C. either D. both 9. Can I give you a call on Saturday morning? I think I _____ to the mountains, so call me on my cell phone. A. drive B. am driving C. will drive D. will be driving 10. What will you do if the people ____ at the back of the hall have trouble hearing the speech? A. sitting B. sit C. sat D. to sit 11. Having a hobby is good for you. It doesn 'tmatter what it is ____ it drives you forward. A. as long as B. though C. unless D. in order that 12. ____ the characters leave un said is ofte n more importa nt tha n what they put i nto words.
第I卷（选择题共120分） 第一部分：听力（共两节，满分30分） 第一节（共5小题；每小题1．5分，满分7．5分） 听下面5段对话。每段对话仅读一遍。 1．When will the meeting be over? A．10:30．B．9:00．C．7:30．2．What kind of sports does the man like best? A．V olleyball．B．Football．C．Basketball．3．What will the man do this weekend? A．Go shopping．B．Move to a new house．C．Help somebody．4．What does the man mean? A．He is very pleased with himself．B．He regrets about himself． C．He is thankful to the woman． 5．Where did this conversation most probably take place? A．In a hospital．B．in a classroom． C．In a dining room． 第二节（共15小题；每题1．5分，满分22．5分） 听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白读两遍。 听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。 6．What's the relationship between the two speakers? A．Customer and repairman．B．Husband and wife．C．Employer and employee．7．What will the woman do? A．Fix it herself．B．Come back later． C．Call for help． 听第7段材料，回答第8至第10题。 8．When was the baby born? A．August 10．B．August 20．C．August 15．9．What are they going to call the baby? A．John．B．Tom．C．Susan．10．When will they go to see Susan and her baby? A．Tomorrow morning．B．Tomorrow afternoon．C．Tomorrow evening． 听第8段材料，回答第11至第13题。 11．What trouble does the woman have? A．The water pipe has burst．B．Her house is flooded．C．She feels panic．12．Where does the woman live? A．In the Grand building．B．Near Fuxing Road．C．On Fuxing Road．13．What's the woman's telephone number? A．．B．．C．． 听第9段材料，回答第14至第16题。 14．Why does Margaret telephone? A．For a job．B．For information．C．For a holiday．15．How old is Margaret? A．12．B．19． C．18． 16．What will Margaret take with her? A．Work report．B．Last school report．C．Graduation certificate． 听第10段材料，回答第17至第20题。 17．What could a lucky customer get at the supermarket? A．A beautiful gift．B．The manager's congratulations ．C．Free goods．
上学期 期末考试卷 第一部分：听力（共两节，满分30分） 该部分分为第一、第二两节。做题时，先将答案标在试卷上，录音内容结束后，你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上。 第一节（共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分） 听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。 1. What do you know about the woman? A．She had to work overtime. B．She failed to see Henry. C．She had a traffic accident. 2. What does the man mean? A．He wonders why she is here. B．He himself is Dr. Johnson. C．The doctor will be here soon. 3. What is the woman doing now? A．Teaching at a school B．going into politics C．Doing business. 4.Where is the woman now? A．At the office. B．In her house. C．In a hospital. 5.What did the woman want the man to do? A．To come within 30 minutes. B．To check the pipes. C．to tell her the leak. 第二节（共15小题；每小题1.5分。满分22.5分） 听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并示在试卷的相应位置。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。 听第6段材料，回答第6至7题。 6. What can the woman be? A．A secretary of Mr. Li’s B．A desk clerk at a hotel. C．A waitress at the Blackwood Hotel. 7.Why did the man ask the woman to change the dollar? A．To pay for the information B．To take a bus. C．To make a phone call. 听第7段材料，回答第8至9题。
上海牛津英语高三（上）Unit 1语言点分析(沪教牛津版 高三英语教案教学设计)_2350 上海牛津英语高三(上)Unit 1语言点分析(沪教牛津版高三英语教案教学设 计) Unit 1(Senior 3) 1 charity (1)n.-ties 施舍;布施慈善机构;慈善事业;慈善团体 The Red Cross is an international charity.红十字会是个国际性的慈善机构。 练习 :她出于慈善帮助他。 常用:in charity出于恻隐之心、对...有好感(with) out of charity (with) 对...没有好感 2 need (1)常用 A friend in need is a friend indeed. 患难之交是真朋友。 be [stand] in need of ... ...需要... have need to do sth.必须做某事 (2)n.需要, 必需in need of Is there any need for you to do sth? There is no need for [sb to do sth. (3)常用复]需要的东西daily needs\ satisfy one's needs满足某人的需要\ 练习 :(1)他本不需要做这件事。 (2) 他们需要食物, 食物对一切生物是必不可少的。
(3) 没必要担忧。 (4) 你无需告诉他这一消息, 那只会使他悲哀。 3 raise vt .raised, raising (1)抬高;举起 He raised his arms above his head.他把手臂举过头顶。 I will not raise a hand against you.我不会做任何不利于你的事。 (2)提高;增加to raise salaries提高工资 to raise the rent提高租金 (3)招募 to raise an army招募一支军队 (4)养育;栽培 to raise a family供养一家人 (5)(常与up连用)提出 I wanted to raise a question to the chairman but in a moment I lost my nerve. "我想向会议主席提一个问题,但立刻我又没有了勇气。" (6)(常与up连用)建造;建立 to raise a memorial建造纪念碑 lift raise elevate辨析 都含“举起”的意思。 lift 指“用体力或机械力把某物从地面举到一定的高度”, 如: She can lift a pail of water from the ground.她能把一桶水提起来。 raise 与Lift 可换用, 但着重“垂直高举”或“将物件由较低处移至较高处的适宜位置, 以发挥应有的作用”, 如:
高三英语模拟试题及答案 第一节 听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一道小题，从每题所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你将有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题，每段对话你将听一遍。 1.What does the man want to borrow? A.A pencil. B.An eraser. C.A pen. 2.What is the woman doing now? A.Eating. B.Going home. C.Having group study. 3.What does the man have for earthquake preparation? A.A candle. B.A radio. C.A flashlight. 4.Where does the conversation most probably take place? A.In a bank. B. In a hotel. C.In a store. 5.Where will the man go for his holiday?
A.Brazil. B.Denmark. C. Greece. 第二节 听下面4段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几道小题，从每题所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有5秒钟的时间阅读每小题。听完后，每小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白你将听两遍。 听第6段材料，回答第6至7题。 6.When does the supermarket close on Sundays? A.At 5:00 pm. B.At 7:00 pm. C. At 8:00 pm. 7.What have the two speakers decided to do now? A.Go shopping. B.Take a walk. C.Have dinner 听第7段材料，回答第8至9题。 8.Why does the man make the call? A.To make a booking. B.To make a suggestion. C.To make an appointment. 9.When will the man return from London? A.On March 10. B. On March 12. C. On March 22.
扬州中学西区校2011-2012-2高三英语培优 2012.4.8 命题人：张勇 第一部分：英语知识运用（共两节，满分40分） 第一节：单项填空（共35小题；每小题1分，满分35分） 1. It was ______ great shock to the girl when _____ word came that her close friend died in the severe earthquake of Haiti. A. a; / B. the; the C. a; the D. /; the 2. Susan was expecting her favourite singers, but to her disappointment, ______ appeared. A. some B. none C. everyone D. no one 3. According to the job advertisement, ______will be given to the candidates with working experience. A. presentation B. profession C. preference D. protection 4. My parents always remind me to make sure the electricity is turned off while I am having a bath, which would _____ cause danger, leading to a dreadful consequence. A. somehow B. meanwhile C. otherwise D. therefore 5. It is said that bad living habits as well as dirty surroundings, stuffy rooms and some other factors _____ the wide spread of H1N1. A. result from B. benefit from C. devote to D. contribute to 6. Actually, _____ works hard can be _____ he wants to be, whether it is a pilot, an engineer or a manager. A. anyone; whoever B. whoever; whatever C. who; no matter what D. no matter who; whomever 7. It is known to all that every minute _____ full use of ______ the lessons will benefit students a great deal. A. which makes; studying B. when made; to study C. that made; to study D. when is made; studying 8. Why this excellent newspaper allows such an article to be printed is _______ me. A. above B. outside C. beside D. beyond 9. --- The food in the restaurant is horrible. If only we ______ to the students ’ canteen. --- But the food isn ’t everything. Isn ’t it nice just to get away from all the noise? A. would go B. have gone C. had gone D. will go 10. --- How long _____ you _____ in the country with your grandparents, Henry? --- About four weeks. I’ll return as soon as school starts. A. are; staying B. did; stay C. do; stay D. had; stayed 11. It is required that under no circumstances ______ betray ourselves even if there are temptations like money or beauty. A. we will B. should we C. we D. we shall 12. Although Rio knew little about marketing, he succeeded ______ other more well-informed …… …… … …… …装 ……… …… ……订 …… … …… …… 线 …… …… … …… …内 ……… ……… …… 不…… …… ……… 准… ……… …… …答… …… ………题……………………… 姓名____________ 班级____________ 学号___________ 编号
2019—2020学年度高三校际联合检测 英语 2020．01 本试卷共三部分，共10页。满分120分。考试时间100分钟。 注意事项： 1．答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、考生号等填写在答题卡和试卷指定位置上。 2．回答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。回答非选择题时，将答案写在答题卡上。写在本试卷上无效。 3．考试结束后，将答题卡上交。 第一部分阅读(共两节，满分50分) 第一节(共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分) 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。 A Barbican Art Gallery A world-class arts and learning center，the Barbican pushes the boundaries of all major art forms including dance，film，music，theater and many visual arts from Egypt．Tickets： Adult：￡10 online／￡12 at the door 13-17 years old：￡6 online／￡8 at the door Children aged 12 and under：Free Opening Times： Sat．—Wed．：10 a．m．—6 p．m．；Thu．—Fri．：10 a．m．—9 p．m． Review by Laura Miller：I have just watched To Kill a Mockingbird here．The play and actors were fantastic．Nice and clean ladies’toilets with hot water．During the interval，they were selling the usual ice cream and drinks．Not all staff were friendly，but most were．I would come again to watch another show or even the same one． The British Museum
【闵行区】 (C) The rec e sson (衰退) nf 2008-09 was remarkable o roch cnu troes fnr ots o te soty, the fnllnwo g recnvery fnr ots weak ess. The labour market has also broken the rules, as ew research frnm the OECD, a tho k-ta k nf mao ly roch cnu troes, shnws o ots a ual Emplnyme t Outlnnk. Ynu g penple always suffer o recesson s Emplnyers stnp horo g them; a d they nfte get rod nf ew recruots because they are easoer tn dosmoss. But o prevonus eposndes, such as the recesson s nf the 1970s, 1980s a d 1990s, nlder wnrkers were alsn kocked nff. Thos tome os doffere t. Duro g the fo a coal crosos o 2008 a d so ce, they have dn e better tha nther age grnups. The researchers fncus n mnveme ts o “ n -emplnyme t” as a share nf the tntal pnpulaton o three age grnups betwee the fo al quarters nf 2007 a d 2012. Thos measure has the adva tage nf o cludo g nt just u emplnyme t, where penple are lnnko g fnr wnrk, but alsn o actovoty, where penple are nt seeko g jnbs. Whereas the average n -emplnyme t rate o the OECD has rose by fnur perce tage pno ts amn g ynu g penple a d by n e-a d-a-half pno ts amn g 25-tn 54-year-nlds, ot has falle by twn pno ts amn g the 55-64 age grnup. Why have nlder emplnyees dn e sn well? I snme snuther Eurnpea cnu troes they be efot frnm jnb prntecton nt affnrded tn ynu ger wnrkers, but that dod nt really help them o past recesson s. What has cha ged, says Stefa n Scarpetta, head nf the OECD’s emplnyme t dorectnrate, os that forms nw bear the full cnsts nf getto g rod nf nlder staff. I the past, early-retirement policies prnvoded by gnver me ts (o the mostake beloef that these wnuld help ynu g penple) made ot cheaper tn push grey-haored wnrkers nut nf the dnnr. These have largely stnpped. Ma y woll argue that nlder wnrkers have dn e better at the expe se nf the ynu g. That voew os wrn gheaded. Forst, ot os a fallacy that a jnb gao ed fnr n e persn os a jnb lnst fnr a nther; there os n foxed amnu t nf wnrk. A d secn d, as the repnrt shnws, ynu g a d nld penple are by a d large nt substotutes o the wnrkplace. They dn doffere t types nf wnrk o doffere t types nccupaton s: ynu ger penple are kee n IT folms, fnr example, whereas nlder fnlk te d tn be emplnyed o mnre tradoton al o dustroes. There are ple ty nf tho gs that shnuld be dn e tn help the ynu g jnbless, but kocko g nlder wnrkers nut nf the wnrkplace os nt n e nf them. 63.By sayo g “The labnr market has alsn brnke the rules”, the authnr mea s ______. A. ynu ger emplnyees were prntected by the gnver me t. B. ynu g emplnyees suffered mnderaton o labnur market.